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Il Veganismo Tra Identità, Etica E Stile Di Vita

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Il Veganismo Tra Identità, Etica E Stile Di Vita SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO-BICOCCA Dipartimento di Sociologia e Ricerca Sociale Dottorato di Ricerca in Sociologia Applicata e Metodologia della Ricerca Sociale Ciclo XXX La rivoluzione parte dal piatto? Il veganismo tra identità, etica e stile di vita Mininni Francesca Matricola 706234 Tutore: Andrea Cerroni Coordinatrice: Prof.ssa Carmen Leccardi ANNO ACCADEMICO 2016/2017 PREMESSA ........................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUZIONE ................................................................................................................. 10 PRIMA PARTE .................................................................................................................... 17 INQUADRAMENTO TEORICO .............................................................................................. 18 1.1 PERCHÉ GLI ANIMALI IN SOCIOLOGIA? .................................................................................... 18 1.1.1 SPECISMO E ANTISPECISMO: ORIGINE E AFFERMAZIONE ................................................................. 27 1.1.2 ROTTURA DEL SENSO COMUNE E INNOVAZIONE CULTURALE: L'ANTISPECISMO .................................... 34 1.1.3 L'ANTISPECISMO: DALLA TEORIA AL MOVIMENTO .......................................................................... 37 1.2 ETICA, ANIMALI NON-UMANI E SOCIOLOGIA. QUALI CONNESSIONI? .............................................. 42 1.3 RIFLESSIVITÀ: TEORIA E PRATICA DI UNA SOCIOLOGIA INCLUSIVA .................................................. 45 1.4 CONCLUSIONI: VERSO UNA SOCIOLOGIA CRITICA ....................................................................... 50 2.1 TRA ANTROPOLOGIA E SOCIOLOGIA DEL CIBO ........................................................................... 55 2.2 LE DIMENSIONI DEL CIBO. CULTURA E IDENTITÀ: UNA BREVE ANALISI ............................................. 62 2.3 “DEL MANGIARE CARNE”: L’ALIMENTAZIONE FRA NATURA E CULTURA ........................................... 68 2.3.1 UCCIDERE E MANGIARE UN ANIMALE .......................................................................................... 70 2.4 UNA FORMA DI OGGETTIVAZIONE ANIMALE: L’ALLEVAMENTO INTENSIVO ....................................... 73 2.4.1 I DATI SUGLI ALLEVAMENTI INTENSIVI .......................................................................................... 74 2.4.2 COSA SONO GLI ALLEVAMENTI INTENSIVI? ................................................................................... 76 2.4.3 LA VITA DEGLI ANIMALI NEGLI ALLEVAMENTI INTENSIVI .................................................................. 80 2.5 LA PROSPETTIVA DI MELANIE JOY: L'IDEOLOGIA DEL CARNISMO ................................................... 86 2.5.1 IL CARNISMO E LA CARNECRAZIA ................................................................................................ 89 2.5.2 LE TRE N DEL CARNISMO .......................................................................................................... 90 2.5.3 CHI SOSTIENE LE TRE N?........................................................................................................... 91 2.5.4 LA RAPPRESENTAZIONE DEGLI ANIMALI NON-UMANI E I MASS MEDIA ............................................... 93 2.5.5 I DISPOSITIVI PSICOLOGICI ALLA BASE DEL CARNISMO ..................................................................... 94 3.1 NUOVI MOVIMENTI SOCIALI: UN'INTRODUZIONE ...................................................................... 98 3.2 I MOVIMENTI SOCIALI POST-POLITICI: CARATTERISTICHE E RIVENDICAZIONI .................................... 102 3.3 L'AMBIENTALISMO E L'ANIMALISMO: PROSPETTIVE E DIFFERENZE ............................................... 104 3.4 LE CARATTERISTICHE DEL MOVIMENTO PER GLI ANIMAL RIGHTS .................................................. 109 3.4.1 REPERTORI D’AZIONE DELLE MOBILITAZIONI ANIMALISTE .............................................................. 111 3.5 ASSOCIAZIONI ISTITUZIONALIZZATE E TENDENZE GRASSROOTS ................................................... 115 3.6 IDENTITÀ ANIMALISTA E RAPPORTO CON I MEDIA .................................................................... 119 3.7 IL VEGANISMO: FRA FENOMENO CULTURALE E MOVIMENTO SOCIALE ........................................... 124 3.7.1 ATTIVISMO........................................................................................................................... 128 3.7.2 PRATICARE IL VEGANISMO ...................................................................................................... 129 4.1 IL VEGETARISMO ED IL VEGANISMO: UNA CONTESTUALIZZAZIONE NECESSARIA ............................... 132 4.2 ORIGINI STORICHE DEL FENOMENO ..................................................................................... 139 4.3 IL VEGANISMO: TRA FILOSOFIA ETICA E STILE DI VITA ................................................................ 142 4.4 STATO DELL’ARTE: UNA RASSEGNA ...................................................................................... 145 4.4.1 PERCHÉ VEGETARIANI/VEGANI? STUDI SULLE MOTIVAZIONI .......................................................... 151 4.4.2 SCELTA VEG*, CORPO, IDENTITÀ: L’ATTUAZIONE DI PRATICHE DI RIFLESSIVITÀ .................................. 152 4.4.3 DIVENTARE VEGAN: UN PROCESSO DI APPRENDIMENTO ............................................................... 154 4.4.4 TRA MODA E CULTURA: IL RUOLO CONTROVERSO DELL’INDUSTRIA ALIMENTARE ............................... 158 1 4.4.5 CONCLUSIONI ....................................................................................................................... 159 4.5 ECOFEMMINISMO, QUESTIONE ANIMALE E VEGANISMO ........................................................... 159 4.5.1 LE ORIGINI ........................................................................................................................... 162 4.5.2 L'ECOFEMMINISMO E GLI ANIMALI NON-UMANI ......................................................................... 166 4.5.3 LA PROSPETTIVA DI CAROL J. ADAMS ........................................................................................ 167 4.5.4 LA PROSPETTIVA DI GRETA GAARD ........................................................................................... 171 4.5.5 LA PROSPETTIVA DI JOSEPHINE DONOVAN ................................................................................. 172 4.5.6 LA PROSPETTIVA DI MARTI KHEEL ............................................................................................ 173 SECONDA PARTE .............................................................................................................. 175 IL DISEGNO DELLA RICERCA: METODI E TECNICHE ............................................................. 176 5.1 RICERCA QUANTITATIVA VS RICERCA QUALITATIVA: QUALI DIFFERENZE? ...................................... 176 5.2 COME CONOSCERE LA REALTÀ? LA METODOLOGIA FEMMINISTA ................................................. 180 5.3 MUOVERSI NEL MONDO QUALITATIVO. COSA SIGNIFICA FARE UN’INTERVISTA? .............................. 184 5.4 ORIENTAMENTI TEORICI ED INTERVISTA QUALITATIVA .............................................................. 185 5.4.1 L'INTERVISTA QUALITATIVA ..................................................................................................... 187 5.4.2 L’INTERVISTA SEMI-STRUTTURATA ............................................................................................ 191 5.5 IL DISEGNO DELLA RICERCA: OGGETTO .................................................................................. 194 5.6 IL DISEGNO DELLA RICERCA: OBIETTIVI .................................................................................. 203 5.7 IL DISEGNO DELLA RICERCA: METODOLOGIA E TECNICA ............................................................. 207 5.8 IL DISEGNO DELLA RICERCA: INTERVISTATI E INTERVISTATORE ..................................................... 214 5.8 TRACCIA DI INTERVISTA .................................................................................................... 222 TERZA PARTE ................................................................................................................... 226 ANALISI E RESTITUZIONE DEI RISULTATI ........................................................................... 227 6.1 RISULTATI ..................................................................................................................... 227 6.2 DEFINIZIONE DI SÉ: VEGETARIANO VS VEGANO ...................................................................... 230 6.3 DIVENTARE VEGAN: MOTIVAZIONI ...................................................................................... 232 6.4 DIVENTARE VEGAN: MODALITÀ .......................................................................................... 237 6.5 SCELTA VEGANA E RELIGIONE: QUALI PARALLELISMI ................................................................. 244 6.6 RAPPORTO TRA EMOZIONI E COGNIZIONE ............................................................................. 248 6.7 IL PROCESSO DI APPRENDIMENTO E STABILIZZAZIONE ............................................................... 252 6.8 IDENTITÀ VEGAN ............................................................................................................ 258 6.9 IMPEGNO E IDENTITÀ COLLETTIVA ......................................................................................
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