BIOL 317: Plant Identification and Classification Summer 2015 - Notes
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Caterpillars Moths Butterflies Woodies
NATIVE Caterpillars Moths and utter flies Band host NATIVE Hackberry Emperor oodies PHOTO : Megan McCarty W Double-toothed Prominent Honey locust Moth caterpillar Hackberry Emperor larva PHOTO : Douglas Tallamy Big Poplar Sphinx Number of species of Caterpillars n a study published in 2009, Dr. Oaks (Quercus) 557 Beeches (Fagus) 127 Honey-locusts (Gleditsia) 46 Magnolias (Magnolia) 21 Double-toothed Prominent ( Nerice IDouglas W. Tallamy, Ph.D, chair of the Cherries (Prunus) 456 Serviceberry (Amelanchier) 124 New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus) 45 Buttonbush (Cephalanthus) 19 bidentata ) larvae feed exclusively on elms Department of Entomology and Wildlife Willows (Salix) 455 Larches or Tamaracks (Larix) 121 Sycamores (Platanus) 45 Redbuds (Cercis) 19 (Ulmus), and can be found June through Ecology at the University of Delaware Birches (Betula) 411 Dogwoods (Cornus) 118 Huckleberry (Gaylussacia) 44 Green-briar (Smilax) 19 October. Their body shape mimics the specifically addressed the usefulness of Poplars (Populus) 367 Firs (Abies) 117 Hackberry (Celtis) 43 Wisterias (Wisteria) 19 toothed shape of American elm, making native woodies as host plants for our Crabapples (Malus) 308 Bayberries (Myrica) 108 Junipers (Juniperus) 42 Redbay (native) (Persea) 18 them hard to spot. The adult moth is native caterpillars (and obviously Maples (Acer) 297 Viburnums (Viburnum) 104 Elders (Sambucus) 42 Bearberry (Arctostaphylos) 17 small with a wingspan of 3-4 cm. therefore moths and butterflies). Blueberries (Vaccinium) 294 Currants (Ribes) 99 Ninebark (Physocarpus) 41 Bald cypresses (Taxodium) 16 We present here a partial list, and the Alders (Alnus) 255 Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya) 94 Lilacs (Syringa) 40 Leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne) 15 Honey locust caterpillar feeds on honey number of Lepidopteran species that rely Hickories (Carya) 235 Hemlocks (Tsuga) 92 Hollies (Ilex) 39 Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron) 15 locust, and Kentucky coffee trees. -
Subalpine Meadows of Mount Rainier • an Elevational Zone Just Below Timberline but Above the Reach of More Or Less Continuous Tree Or Shrub Cover
Sub-Alpine/Alpine Zones and Flowers of Mt Rainier Lecturer: Cindy Luksus What We Are Going To Cover • Climate, Forest and Plant Communities of Mt Rainier • Common Flowers, Shrubs and Trees in Sub- Alpine and Alpine Zones by Family 1) Figwort Family 2) Saxifrage Family 3) Rose Family 4) Heath Family 5) Special mentions • Suggested Readings and Concluding Statements Climate of Mt Rainier • The location of the Park is on the west side of the Cascade Divide, but because it is so massive it produces its own rain shadow. • Most moisture is dropped on the south and west sides, while the northeast side can be comparatively dry. • Special microclimates result from unique interactions of landforms and weather patterns. • Knowing the amount of snow/rainfall and how the unique microclimates affect the vegetation will give you an idea of what will thrive in the area you visit. Forest and Plant Communities of Mt Rainier • The zones show regular patterns that result in “associations” of certain shrubs and herbs relating to the dominant, climax tree species. • The nature of the understory vegetation is largely determined by the amount of moisture available and the microclimates that exist. Forest Zones of Mt Rainier • Western Hemlock Zone – below 3,000 ft • Silver Fir Zone – between 2,500 and 4,700 ft • Mountain Hemlock Zone – above 4,000 ft Since most of the field trips will start above 4,000 ft we will only discuss plants found in the Mountain Hemlock Zone and above. This zone includes the Sub-Alpine and Alpine Plant communities. Forest and Plant Communities of Mt Rainier Subalpine Meadows of Mount Rainier • An elevational zone just below timberline but above the reach of more or less continuous tree or shrub cover. -
Shiny Geranium (Geranium Lucidum)
KING COUNTY NOXIOUS WEED ALERT Shiny Geranium Class B Noxious Weed: Control Required Geranium lucidum Geranium Family Identification Tips • Low-growing annual with tiny, pink, 5-petaled flowers that grow in pairs on short stems • Leaves shiny, round to kidney-shaped with 5-7 lobes • Sepals keeled • Stems reddish, smooth (hairless), up to 20 inches tall • Seeds form in capsules with a long, pointy “crane's bill” Biology Reproduces by seed. Seeds are forcefully ejected when ripe, helping it spread up as well as out from parent plants. This is probably why this plant can be found in crevices of tree trunks or spreading up hillsides. Usually grows as an annual but some plants live for two years. Flowering is from April to July and seeds mature and spread usually from late June Ben Legler by Photo to early July. Seeds germinate mostly in late summer to early fall, but can Look for pairs of tiny pink flowers, germinate several times a year. winged sepals with “keels”, and shiny, rounded, lobed leaves. Impacts Can invade and overwhelm high quality native habitat in forests and grasslands. Spreads quickly by seed and forms dense carpets, excluding other vegetation. Contaminates nursery stock and can be accidentally introduced to landscaped areas and restoration sites. Distribution Introduced from Europe and Asia. In the Pacific Northwest, most abundant in Oregon in the Willamette Valley and the Portland area. Also increasingly found in many counties of western Washington. In King County, it is found in both urban and rural areas in yards, woodlands, roadsides and spreading from landscaped areas. -
Comparative Mapping Between Arabidopsis Thaliana and Brassica Nigra Indicates That Brassica Genomes Have Evolved Through Extensi
Copyright 1998 by the Genetics Society of America Comparative Mapping Between Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica nigra Indicates That Brassica Genomes Have Evolved Through Extensive Genome Replication Accompanied by Chromosome Fusions and Frequent Rearrangements Ulf Lagercrantz Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Manuscript received March 27, 1998 Accepted for publication July 24, 1998 ABSTRACT Chromosome organization and evolution in the Brassicaceae family was studied using comparative linkage mapping. A total of 160 mapped Arabidopsis thaliana DNA fragments identi®ed 284 homologous loci covering 751 cM in Brassica nigra. The data support that modern diploid Brassica species are descended from a hexaploid ancestor, and that the A. thaliana genome is similar in structure and complexity to those of each of the hypothetical diploid progenitors of the proposed hexaploid. Thus, the Brassica lineage probably went through a triplication after the divergence of the lineages leading to A. thaliana and B. nigra. These duplications were also accompanied by an exceptionally high rate of chromosomal rearrangements. The average length of conserved segments between A. thaliana and B. nigra was estimated at 8 cM. This estimate corresponds to z90 rearrangements since the divergence of the two species. The estimated rate of chromosomal rearrangements is higher than any previously reported data based on comparative mapping. Despite the large number of rearrangements, ®ne-scale comparative mapping between model plant A. thal- iana and Brassica crops is likely to result in the identi®cation of a large number of genes that affect important traits in Brassica crops. NE important aspect of genome evolution is polyploid (Masterson 1994). -
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory, -
HERB ROBERT (Geranium Robertianum) of the Geraniaceae Family Also Known by the Names of - Herb Robertianum, St
HERB ROBERT (Geranium Robertianum) of the Geraniaceae family Also known by the names of - Herb Robertianum, St. Robert, Storkbill, Cranesbill, Red Robin, Fox geranium, St. Robert’s Wort, Bloodwort, Felonwort, Dragon’s blood. This list of common names gives a rather vivid description, of a small plant that I have come to revere, and it is always welcome, in my garden. Description Annual, to 30-40cm, stems branch in many directions, and these stems may turn red, in colour. Green leaves, 6cm long, form opposite, at knotted joints in the stem; leaves are palmate in shape, deeply cut, and often tinged with colours of pink, red or bronze. Stems and leaves are covered with very fine hairs. Very dainty, bright-pink, ‘joy giving’ flowers, 15mm across, have five, rounded petals. Each petal has 3 streaks of white, starting at the centre and phasing out along the petal. Flowers develop, in groups of 2 or 4, at leaf axils. The base of the blossom quickly fills out, develops into the oval seed receptacle, 17mm long, and when mature, looks like a bird’s beak, which is why the plant has been given the common names: ‘storkbill’ and ‘cranesbill’. As the seeds dry off, nature has a way of dispersing: by opening the ‘beak’ and ejecting with a sudden spring action, flinging the 5 small, oval seeds in five directions, ensuring that there will be future generations of the plant, for mankind’s use. I believe this plant should be in every garden, ready for service. Propagation is by seed. Plants thrive in shady, damp places, growing very quickly, flowering profusely, and self-seeding readily: if the seed is not picked, before it is dry. -
Cornus Kousa Kousa Dogwood1 Edward F
Fact Sheet ST-191 November 1993 Cornus kousa Kousa Dogwood1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION Kousa Dogwood grows 15 to 20 feet tall and has beautiful exfoliating bark, long lasting flowers, good fall color, and attractive fruit (Fig. 1). Branches grow upright when the tree is young, but appear in horizontal layers on mature trees. The crown eventually grows wider than it is tall on many specimens. It would be difficult to use too many Kousa Dogwoods. The white, pointed bracts are produced a month later than Flowering Dogwood and are effective for about a month, sometimes longer. The red fruits are edible and they look like a big round raspberry. Birds devour the fruit quickly. Fall color varies from dull red to maroon. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Cornus kousa Pronunciation: KOR-nus KOO-suh Common name(s): Kousa Dogwood, Chinese Dogwood, Japanese Dogwood Family: Cornaceae USDA hardiness zones: 5 through 8 (Fig. 2) Figure 1. Young Kousa Dogwood. Origin: not native to North America Uses: container or above-ground planter; near a deck DESCRIPTION or patio; screen; specimen Availability: generally available in many areas within Height: 15 to 20 feet its hardiness range Spread: 15 to 20 feet Crown uniformity: symmetrical canopy with a regular (or smooth) outline, and individuals have more or less identical crown forms Crown shape: round Crown density: dense Growth rate: slow 1. This document is adapted from Fact Sheet ST-191, a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. -
![Alangium-Presentation [Lecture Seule]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/3512/alangium-presentation-lecture-seule-243512.webp)
Alangium-Presentation [Lecture Seule]
A Targeted Enrichment Strategy for Sequencing of Medicinal Species in the Indonesian Flora Berenice Villegas-Ramirez, Erasmus Mundus Master Programme in Evolutionary Biology (MEME) Supervisors: Dr. Sarah Mathews, Harvard University Dr. Hugo de Boer, Uppsala University Introduction • Up to 70,000 plant species are used worldwide in traditional medicine. • At least 20,000 plant taxa have recorded medicinal uses. • Main commercial producers are in Asia: China, India, Indonesia, and Nepal. • Indonesia has c. 7000 plant species of documented medicinal use. • But…… Transmigration and Farming Herbarium Specimens • Plastid genes rbcL and matK have been be adopted as the official DNA barcodes for all land plants. • rbcl ~ 1428 bp • matK ~ 1500 bp • Herbarium specimens often require more attempts at amplification with more primer combinations. • Higher possibility of obtaining incorrect sequences through increased chances of samples becoming mixed up or contaminated. • Lower performance using herbarium material due to lower amplification success. • Caused by severe degradation of DNA into low molecular weight fragments. • But fragmented DNA is not a curse! Next-Generation Sequencing • Fragmented DNA is less of a problem • Only a few milligrams of material are necessary Targeted Enrichment • Defined regions in a genome are selectively captured from a DNA sample prior to sequencing. • The genomic complexity in a sample is reduced. • More time- and cost-effective. Hybrid Capture Targeted Enrichment • Library DNA is hybridized to a probe. • Pre-prepared DNA or RNA fragments complementary to the targeted regions of interest. • Non-specific hybrids are removed by washing. • Targeted DNA is eluted. Easy to use, utilizes a small amount of input DNA (<1-3 ug), and number of loci (target size) is large (1-50 Mb). -
State of New York City's Plants 2018
STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species. -
21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–10 Edition) § 582.20
§ 582.20 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–10 Edition) Common name Botanical name of plant source Marjoram, sweet .......................................................................... Majorana hortensis Moench. Mustard, black or brown .............................................................. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. Mustard, brown ............................................................................ Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. Mustard, white or yellow .............................................................. Brassica hirta Moench. Nutmeg ........................................................................................ Myristica fragrans Houtt. Oregano (oreganum, Mexican oregano, Mexican sage, origan) Lippia spp. Paprika ......................................................................................... Capsicum annuum L. Parsley ......................................................................................... Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Mansf. Pepper, black ............................................................................... Piper nigrum L. Pepper, cayenne ......................................................................... Capsicum frutescens L. or Capsicum annuum L. Pepper, red .................................................................................. Do. Pepper, white ............................................................................... Piper nigrum L. Peppermint .................................................................................. Mentha piperita L. Poppy seed -
Illinois Exotic Species List
Exotic Species in Illinois Descriptions for these exotic species in Illinois will be added to the Web page as time allows for their development. A name followed by an asterisk (*) indicates that a description for that species can currently be found on the Web site. This list does not currently name all of the exotic species in the state, but it does show many of them. It will be updated regularly with additional information. Microbes viral hemorrhagic septicemia Novirhabdovirus sp. West Nile virus Flavivirus sp. Zika virus Flavivirus sp. Fungi oak wilt Ceratocystis fagacearum chestnut blight Cryphonectria parasitica Dutch elm disease Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Ophiostoma ulmi late blight Phytophthora infestans white-nose syndrome Pseudogymnoascus destructans butternut canker Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Plants okra Abelmoschus esculentus velvet-leaf Abutilon theophrastii Amur maple* Acer ginnala Norway maple Acer platanoides sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus common yarrow* Achillea millefolium Japanese chaff flower Achyranthes japonica Russian knapweed Acroptilon repens climbing fumitory Adlumia fungosa jointed goat grass Aegilops cylindrica goutweed Aegopodium podagraria horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum fool’s parsley Aethusa cynapium crested wheat grass Agropyron cristatum wheat grass Agropyron desertorum corn cockle Agrostemma githago Rhode Island bent grass Agrostis capillaris tree-of-heaven* Ailanthus altissima slender hairgrass Aira caryophyllaea Geneva bugleweed Ajuga genevensis carpet bugleweed* Ajuga reptans mimosa -
Coriander Fruit. I Yield and Glucosinolate Contents of Mustard (Sinapis Sp., Brassica Sp.) Seeds
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 58: 157—162, 1986 Yield and glucosinolates in mustard seeds and volatile oils in caraway seeds and coriander fruit. I Yield and glucosinolate contents of mustard (Sinapis sp., Brassica sp.) seeds 1 2 3 2 *, HÄLVÄ, S. , HIRVI, T. MÄKINEN, S. and HONKANEN, E. 1 Dept of Horticulture, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland 2 VTT, Food Research Laboratory, SF-02150 ESPOO, Finland 3 Dept of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract. Different varieties of yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), brown mustard (Bras- sica juncea (L.) Czern.) and black mustard (Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch) were tested in 1983—1985 at three locations in Finland. The average seed yield of yellow mustard was 2220 kg/ha, it’s sinalbine content being 2.2—5.2 g/100 g. There were no major differences between the tested varieties. Varieties ‘Kirby’ and ‘Gisilba’ produced the largest yields. ‘Gisil- ba’ and ‘Ochre’ had the shortest growth periods. The sinalbine content in yellow mustard seeds varied more between the years than between the varieties. The average yield ofbrown mustard was 1620 kg/ha. The variety ‘Picra’ was slightly better than the other varieties with respect to yield and early ripening. The sinigrine content in brown mustard seeds were approximately from traces to 4.4 g/100 g those of‘Dome’, ‘Blaze’, ‘Sv 8341001’ and ‘Trowse’ being highest. Black mustard yielded less than 700 kg/ha, the sinigrine content of the seeds being 1.8—4.5 g/100g.