Parkhill Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment Report

Ministry of Tourism, Ministère du Tourisme, Culture and Sport de la Culture et du Sport

Culture Programs Unit Unité des programmes culturels Programs & Services Br. Direction des programmes et des services 900, av. Highbury 900 Highbury Avenue London, ON N5Y 1A4 London, ON N5Y 1A4 Tél: 519-675-6898 Tel: 519-675-6898 Téléc: 519-675-7777 Fax: 519-675-7777 e-mail: shari.prowse@ontario.ca e-mail: [email protected]

April 19, 2012

Mr. Thomas Bird NextEra Energy Canada ULC 205-5500 North Service Road Burlington, Ontario L7L 6W6

RE: Parkhill Point of Interconnect, Various Lots and Concessions, Geographic Township of East Williams and West Williams now Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario, FIT-F2BNU4R (Bornish); FIT-FZEYQNB (Adelaide); FIT-FRZYKJA (Jericho), MTCS RIMS Number 39EA019, MTCS Project Information Form Number P319-018-2012,

Dear Proponent:

This letter constitutes the Ministry of Tourism and Culture’s written comments as required by s. 22(3)(a) of O. Reg. 359/09 under the Environmental Protection Act regarding archaeological assessments undertaken for the above project.

Based on the information contained in the report you have submitted for this project, the Ministry believes the archaeological assessment complies with the Ontario Heritage Act's licensing requirements, including the licence terms and conditions and the Ministry's 1993 Archaeological Assessment Technical Guidelines or the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (whichever apply). Please note that the Ministry makes no representation or warranty as to the completeness, accuracy or quality of the reports.*

The report recommends the following:

Stage 1-2, P319-018-2012, February 7, 2012, Revised April 10, 2012, Received April 11, 2012, MTCS Satisfaction Letter issued April 19, 2012

The Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the Parkhill POI resulted in the identification of one historic Euro-Canadian site, Location 1 (AgHj-9). Due to the fact that Location 1 (AgHj-9) is a spatially discrete site producing mid-to-late 19th century historic

Euro-Canadian cultural material, it is recommended that it be subject to a Stage 3 archaeological assessment to further evaluate its cultural heritage value or interest. The Stage 3 assessment should employ both the controlled surface pick-up and hand excavated test unit methodology as outlined in Table 3.1 of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport’s Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (Government of Ontario 2011). Prior to conducting the field work the area should be re-ploughed and allowed to weather for the controlled surface pick-up. The test unit excavation should consist of one metre by one metre square test units laid out in a five metre grid and should be excavated by hand to a depth of five centimetres within the subsoil in order to further determine the presence of buried artifacts, structures, stratigraphy and cultural features, as well as to collect a representative sample of artifacts. Further archival research to supplement the Stage 1 archaeological overview/background study concerning the land use and occupation history specific to Location 1 (AgHj-9) will also be conducted.

The Ministry is satisfied with these recommendations.

This letter does not waive any requirements which you may have under the Ontario Heritage Act. A separate letter addressing archaeological licensing obligations under the Act will be sent to the archaeologist who completed the assessment and will be copied to you.

This letter does not constitute approval of the renewable energy project. Approvals of the project may be required under other statutes and regulations. It is your responsibility to obtain any necessary approvals or licences.

Please feel free to contact me if you have questions or require additional information.

Sincerely,

Shari Prowse Archaeology Review Officer cc. Ms. Irena Jurakic, Golder Associates Ltd.

* In no way will the Ministry be liable for any harm, damages, costs, expenses, losses, claims or actions that may result: (a) if the Report(s) or its recommendations are discovered to be inaccurate, incomplete, misleading or fraudulent; or (b) from the issuance of this letter. Further measures may need to be taken in the event that additional artifacts or archaeological sites are identified or the Report(s) is otherwise found to be inaccurate, incomplete, misleading or fraudulent.

2 Ministry of Tourism, Ministère du Tourisme, Culture and Sport de la Culture et du Sport

April 19, 2012

Ms. Irena Jurakic Golder Associates Ltd. 2390 Argentia Road Mississauga Road Ontario L5N 5Z7

RE: Entry into the Ontario Public Register of Reports, Archaeological Assessment Report Entitled, “Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment, Parkhill Point of Interconnect, Various Lots and Concessions, Geographic Township of East Williams and West Williams now Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario”, February 7, 2012, Revised April 10, 2012, Received April 11, 2012, MTCS Project Information Form Number P319-018-2012, FIT-F2BNU4R (Bornish); FIT-FZEYQNB (Adelaide); FIT-FRZYKJA (Jericho), MTCS RIMS Number 39EA019

Dear Ms. Jurakic;

This office has reviewed the above-mentioned report, which has been submitted to this Ministry as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c 0.18. This review has been carried out in order to determine whether the licensed professional consultant archaeologist has met the terms and conditions of their licence, that the licensee assessed the property and documented archaeological resources using a process that accords with the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists set by the Ministry, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations are consistent with the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario*.

The report documents the assessment of the project location as depicted in Figures 6-01 to 6-08 in the above titled report and recommends the following:

Based on the information contained in the report, the ministry is satisfied that the fieldwork and reporting for the archaeological assessment is consistent with the ministry's 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists and the terms and conditions for archaeological licences. This report will be entered into the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports. Please note that the ministry makes no representation or warranty as to the completeness, accuracy or quality of reports in the register.

Should you require any further information regarding this matter, please feel free to contact me.

Sincerely,

Shari Prowse Archaeology Review Officer cc. Archaeological Licensing Office Mr. Thomas Bird, NextEra Energy Canada, ULC

2 Ministry of Tourism, Ministère du Tourisme, Culture and Sport de la Culture et du Sport

July 13, 2012

Ms. Irena Jurakic Golder Associates Ltd. 2390 Argentia Road Mississauga Road Ontario L5N 5Z7

RE: Entry into the Ontario Public Register of Reports, Archaeological Assessment Report Entitled, “Stages 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment, Parkhill Point of Interconnect – Additional Lands, Part of Lot 18, Concession 17 E.C.R., Geographic Township of East Williams, Now Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario”, Dated June 12, 2012, Revised Report Dated July 13, 2012, Filed with MTCS Toronto Office on July 13, 2012, MTCS Project Information File No. P319-020-2012, MTCS RIMs File No. 39EA019

Dear Ms. Jurakic:

The report documents the assessment of the subject property as depicted in Figures 4 of the above titled report and recommends the following:

The Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area resulted in the identification of one site, Location 2, an isolated pre-contact Aboriginal find spot of unknown age, comprising one utilized flake. Due to the paucity of finds from the surface collection at the site, the significance and information potential of this site is judged to be low. The cultural heritage value or interest of this site has been sufficiently documented and no further archaeological assessment is recommended. Based on the information contained in the report, the ministry is satisfied that the fieldwork and reporting for the archaeological assessment is consistent with the ministry's 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists and the terms and conditions for archaeological licences. This report will be entered into the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports. Please note that the ministry makes no representation or warranty as to the completeness, accuracy or quality of reports in the register.

Should you require any further information regarding this matter, please feel free to contact me.

Sincerely,

Shari Prowse Archaeology Review Officer cc. Archaeological Licensing Office Mr. Thomas Bird, NextEra Energy Canada, ULC

*In no way will the Ministry be liable for any harm, damages, costs, expenses, losses, claims or actions that may result: (a) if the Report(s) or its recommendations are discovered to be inaccurate, incomplete, misleading or fraudulent; or (b) from the issuance of this letter. Further measures may need to be taken in the event that additional artifacts or archaeological sites are identified or the Report(s) is otherwise found to be inaccurate, incomplete, misleading or fraudulent.

2 Ministry of Tourism, Ministère du Tourisme, Culture and Sport de la Culture et du Sport

July 13, 2012

Mr. Thomas Bird NextEra Energy Canada ULC 205-5500 North Service Road Burlington, Ontario L7L 6W6

Dear Proponent:

Based on the information contained in the reports you have submitted for this project, the Ministry believes the archaeological assessment complies with the Ontario Heritage Act's licensing requirements, including the licence terms and conditions and the Ministry's 1993 Archaeological Assessment Technical Guidelines or the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (whichever apply). Please note that the Ministry makes no representation or warranty as to the completeness, accuracy or quality of the reports.*

The reports recommend the following:

Stage 1-2, P319-018-2012, Dated February 7, 2012, Revised April 10, 2012, Received April 11, 2012, MTCS Satisfaction Letter issued April 19, 2012

Stage 1-2, P319-020-2012, Dated June 12, 2012, Revised July 13, 2012, MTCS Satisfaction Letter issued July 13, 2012

The Ministry is satisfied with these recommendations.

Please feel free to contact me if you have questions or require additional information.

Sincerely,

Shari Prowse Archaeology Review Officer cc. Ms. Irena Jurakic, Golder Associates Ltd.

2 April 10, 2012

STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Parkhill Point of Interconnect Various Lots and Concessions Geographic Townships of East Williams and West Williams now Municipality of North Middlesex Middlesex County, Ontario

Submitted to: Mr. Thomas Bird, NextEra Energy Canada, ULC, Suite 205, 5500 North Service Road, Burlington, ON, L7L 6W6 Tel: (905) 335-4904 Fax: (905) 335-5731

Licensee: Irena Jurakic, M.A.

License Number: P319

PIF Number: P319-018-2012 FIT Number: FIT-F2BNU4R (Bornish); FIT-FZEYQNB (Adelaide); FIT-FRZYKJA (Jericho)

Report Number: 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 Distribution:

REVISED REPORT 4 Copies - NextEra Energy Canada, ULC. 1 Copy and 1 CD Copy - Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport 2 Copies - Golder Associates Ltd. STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

Executive Summary

This Stages 1 and 2 archaeological assessment was conducted by Golder Associates Ltd. (Golder) on behalf of NextEra Energy Canada, ULC (NEEC) for the proposed Parkhill point of interconnect (POI), which will connect the proposed Bornish, Adelaide and Jericho Wind Energy Centres’ lands with the hydro lines on the east side of the Parkhill POI study area. The study area consists of two portions, the Parkhill POI itself and the proposed transmission line route. The Parkhill POI is a parcel of approximately 18.5 hectares, located on part of Lot 18, Concession 17 East of Centre Road, in the Geographic Township of East Williams, now Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario. The associated proposed transmission line route is a parcel of approximately 40.5 hectares, located on part of Lots 3 to 18 and part of Lot 19 East Side of Centre Road, Concession 17 East of Centre Road, part of Lots 3 to 13 and part of Lot 18 East Side of Centre Road, Concession 16 East of Centre Road, and part of Lot 15, Concession 6 East of Centre Road, in the Geographic Township of East Williams and part of Lots 3 to 10 and part of Lot 19 West Side of Centre Road, Concession 17 West of Centre Road and part of Lots 3 to 9 and part of Lot 18 West Side of Centre Road, Concession 16 West of Centre Road, in the Geographic Township of West Williams, now Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario.

The Green Energy Act (2009) enabled legislation governing project assessments and approvals to be altered to allow for a more streamlined Renewable Energy Approval (REA) process. Under Section 22(1) of the REA, an archaeological assessment must be conducted if the proponent concludes that engaging in the project may have an impact on archaeological resources. In this report, Golder determines that archaeological potential for the recovery of pre-contact Aboriginal and Euro-Canadian historic archaeological resources exists within the study area. Currently, Ontario Regulation 359/09 of the Environmental Protection Act governs the REA process for renewable energy projects such as wind, anaerobic digestions, solar and thermal treatment facilities. This assessment was undertaken in order to meet the requirements for an application for a REA, as outlined in Ontario Regulation 359/09 section 22(3) of the Environmental Protection Act.

The Stage 2 archaeological assessment resulted in the identification of one archaeological site, Location 1 (AgHj-9). Due to the fact that Location 1 (AgHj-9) is a spatially discrete site producing mid-to-late 19th century historic Euro-Canadian cultural material, it is recommended that this site be subject to a Stage 3 archaeological assessment to further evaluate its cultural heritage value or interest.

The Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport is asked to accept this report into the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports. Additional archaeological assessment is still required; hence the archaeological sites recommended for further archaeological fieldwork remain subject to Section 48(1) of the Ontario Heritage Act and may not be altered, or have artifacts removed, except by a person holding an archaeological licence.

The Executive Summary highlights key points from the report only; for complete information and findings, as well as the limitations, the reader should examine the complete report.

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

Table of Contents

1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT ...... 1

1.1 Development Context ...... 1

1.2 Archaeological Context ...... 2

1.2.1 The Natural Environment ...... 2

1.2.2 Previously Known Archaeological Sites and Surveys ...... 2

1.2.3 Potential for Pre-contact Aboriginal Archaeological Resources ...... 4

1.2.4 Existing Conditions...... 5

1.3 Historical Context ...... 5

1.3.1 Potential for Post-contact Aboriginal Archaeological Resources ...... 5

1.3.2 Potential for Historic Euro-Canadian Archaeological Resources ...... 6

1.3.3 Recent Reports ...... 7

2.0 FIELD METHODS ...... 9

3.0 RECORD OF FINDS ...... 10

3.1 Location 1 (AgHj-9) ...... 10

3.1.1 Domestic Artifacts ...... 10

3.1.1.1 Ceramic Artifacts ...... 11

3.1.1.2 Glass Artifacts ...... 12

3.1.1.3 Faunal Remains...... 12

3.1.2 Structural Artifacts ...... 13

3.1.3 Metal Artifacts ...... 13

3.1.4 Miscellaneous Artifacts ...... 13

3.1.5 Artifact Catalogue ...... 13

4.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 15

4.1 Preliminary Indication of Location 1 (AgHj-9) Possibly Requiring Stage 4 Archaeological Assessment ...... 15

5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 16

6.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION ...... 17

7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES ...... 18

8.0 IMAGES ...... 23

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 i STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

9.0 MAPS ...... 27

10.0 IMPORTANT INFORMATION AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS REPORT ...... 43

TABLES Table 1: Registered Archaeological Sites Located One Kilometre of the Study Area ...... 3 Table 2: Cultural Chronology of Middlesex County ...... 3 Table 3: Inventory of Documentary Record ...... 10 Table 4: Stage 2 Artifact Summary for Location 1 (AgHj-9)...... 10 Table 5: Summary of Ceramic Collection According to Ware Type, Location 1 (AgHj-9) ...... 11 Table 6: Summary of Ceramic Collection According to Decorative Style, Location 1 (AgHj-9) ...... 11 Table 7: Location 1 (AgHj-9) Artifact Catalogue ...... 13

FIGURES Figure 1: Location of Study Area ...... 28 Figure 2: Treaty Boundaries Based on Morris 1943 ...... 29 Figure 3: A Portion of the Township of East Williams in the 1878 Illustrated Historical Atlas ...... 30 Figure 4: A Portion of the Township of West Williams in the 1878 Illustrated Historical Atlas ...... 31 Figure 5: Stage 2 Survey Methods and Results for the Parkhill POI (see Supplementary Document A) ...... 32 Figure 6-A: Key Plan ...... 33 Figure 6-B: Stage 2 Survey Methods Overview ...... 34 Figure 6-01: Stage 2 Survey Methods ...... 35 Figure 6-02: Stage 2 Survey Methods ...... 36 Figure 6-03: Stage 2 Survey Methods ...... 37 Figure 6-04: Stage 2 Survey Methods ...... 38 Figure 6-05: Stage 2 Survey Methods ...... 39 Figure 6-06: Stage 2 Survey Methods ...... 40 Figure 6-07: Stage 2 Survey Methods ...... 41 Figure 6-08: Stage 2 Survey Methods ...... 42

PLATES Plate 1: Field Conditions, Northeastern Edge of Parkhill Point of Interconnect Study Area, Facing South ...... 23 Plate 2: Pedestrian Survey, Northeastern Edge of Parkhill Point of Interconnect Study Area, Facing South ...... 23 Plate 3: Proposed Transmission Line Route, Disturbed – Not Assessed, Facing East Along Nairn Road ...... 24

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 ii STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

Plate 4: Proposed Transmission Line Route, Disturbed – Not Assessed, Facing South Along Kerwood Road ...... 24 Plate 5: Selected Ceramics from Location 1 (AgHj-9) ...... 25 Plate 6: Selected Machine-Cut Nails from Location 1 (AgHj-9) ...... 26

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 iii STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

Project Personnel

Project Director Jim Wilson, M.A. (P001), Principal, Senior Archaeologist

Project Manager Jeffrey Muir, B.A. (R304)

Licensed Field Directors Krista Lane, B.A. (R382), Walter McCall, Ph.D. (R351)

Report Production Scott Martin, Ph.D. (P218), Irena Jurakic, M.A. (P319), Jeff Muir, B.A. (R304)

Field Assistants Jamie Davidson, B.A. (R305), Christopher Lemon, B.A. (R289), Carey Matthews, B.Sc. (R404), Kris McDougall, Jeff Morant, Jeffrey Muir, B.A. (R304), Shannon Neill-Sword, B.A., LL.B., Philip Rees, B.Sc., Jordan Steinmann, Lauren Zapishny, B.A.

Office Assistants John Campo, B.Sc., Lindsay Foreman, Ph.D. (R300), Greta Francis, B.A., Adam Hossack, B.A. (P084)

First Nations Observers Brandy George, Luis Machinho

Senior Review Jim Wilson, M.A. (P001), Principal, Senior Archaeologist

Land Access Contact Thomas Bird, NextEra Energy Canada, ULC

Acknowledgements

Proponent Contact Thomas Bird, NextEra Energy Canada, ULC

Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport Shari Prowse, M.A., Robert von Bitter, B.A.

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 i STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT 1.1 Development Context This Stages 1 and 2 archaeological assessment was conducted by Golder Associates Ltd. (Golder) on behalf of NextEra Energy Canada, ULC (NEEC) for the proposed Parkhill point of interconnect (POI), which will connect the proposed Bornish (FIT-F2BNU4R), Adelaide (FIT-FZEYQNB) and Jericho (FIT-FRYZKJA) Wind Energy Centres’ lands with the hydro lines on the east side of the Parkhill POI study area. The study area consists of two portions, the Parkhill POI and the proposed transmission line route. The Parkhill POI is a parcel of approximately 18.5 hectares, located on part of Lot 18, Concession 17 East of Centre Road, in the Geographic Township of East Williams, now Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario. The associated proposed transmission line route is a parcel of approximately 40.5 hectares, located on part of Lots 3 to 18 and part of Lot 19 East Side of Centre Road, Concession 17 East of Centre Road, part of Lots 3 to 13 and part of Lot 18 East Side of Centre Road, Concession 16 East of Centre Road, and part of Lot 15, Concession 6 East of Centre Road, in the Geographic Township of East Williams and part of Lots 3 to 10 and part of Lot 19 West Side of Centre Road, Concession 17 West of Centre Road and part of Lots 3 to 9 and part of Lot 18 West Side of Centre Road, Concession 16 West of Centre Road, in the Geographic Township of West Williams, now Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario (Figure 1).

The Green Energy Act (2009) enabled legislation governing project assessments and approvals to be altered to allow for a more streamlined Renewable Energy Approval (REA) process. Under Section 22(1) of the REA, an archaeological assessment must be conducted if the proponent concludes that engaging in the project may have an impact on archaeological resources. Currently, Ontario Regulation 359/09 of the Environmental Protection Act governs the REA process for renewable energy projects such as wind, anaerobic digestions, solar and thermal treatment facilities. This assessment was undertaken in order to meet the requirements for an application for a REA, as outlined in Ontario Regulation 359/09 section 22(3) of the Environmental Protection Act.

The objectives of the Stage 1 archaeological assessment were to compile all available information about the known and potential cultural heritage resources within the study area and to provide specific direction for the protection, management and/or recovery of these resources. In compliance with the provincial standards and guidelines set out in the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (Government of Ontario 2011), the objectives of the Stage 1 archaeological overview/background study are as follows: To provide information about the study area’s geography, history, previous archaeological fieldwork and current land conditions; To evaluate in detail the study area’s archaeological potential to support recommendations for Stage 2 survey for all or parts of the property; and To recommend appropriate strategies for Stage 2 survey. To meet these objectives Golder archaeologists employed the following research strategies: A review of relevant archaeological, historic and environmental literature pertaining to the study area; A review of the land use history, including pertinent historic maps; and

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 1 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

An examination of the Ontario Archaeological Sites Database (ASDB) to determine the presence of known archaeological sites in and around the project area.

The objectives of the Stage 2 archaeological assessment were to provide an overview of archaeological resources on the property and to determine whether any of the resources might be artifacts and archaeological sites with cultural heritage value or interest and to provide specific direction for the protection, management and/or recovery of these resources. In compliance with the provincial standards and guidelines set out in the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (Government of Ontario 2011), the objectives of the Stage 2 property assessment are as follows: To document all archaeological resources on the property; To determine whether the property contains archaeological resources requiring further assessment; and To recommend appropriate Stage 3 assessment strategies for archaeological sites identified. Permission to enter the property and to remove artifacts was given by Mr. Thomas Bird of NEEC.

1.2 Archaeological Context 1.2.1 The Natural Environment The study area is situated within the “Horseshoe Moraines” physiographic region (Chapman and Putnam 1984: 127-129; Hagerty and Kingston 1992:11) and immediately east of the “Huron Slope” physiographic region (Chapman and Putnam 1984:160-161). The “Horseshoe Moraines” are discussed by Chapman and Putnam (1984:127) in this way:

The Port Huron Moraine system forms the core of a horseshoe-shaped region flanking the upland that lies to the west of the highest part of the Niagara cuesta. The associated meltwater stream deposits are also included giving the region two chief landform components (a) the irregular, stony knobs and ridges which are composed mostly of till and with some sand and gravel deposits (kames); and (b) the more of less pitted sand and gravel terraces and swampy valley floors. ...the southern part of Huron County, has a fairly simple landscape...consists of morainic ridges composed of pale, brown, hard, calcareous, fine-textured till, with a moderate degree of stoniness. ...Huron clay loam is the most representative soil type on the morainic ridges.

(Chapman and Putnam, 1984:127)

The extensive Ausable River system runs east and south of the study area. A tributary of the Ausable River is a potable source running immediately northeast of the study area. The soils surrounding this river drainage range from mucky clays to silty loams and sands.

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 2 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

provides a summary description of this site, which was registered in 1988. Archaeological assessments have recently been conducted on nearby properties that are greater than 50 metres from the Parkhill POI study area as part of the NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre (ASI 2009a, 2009b, 2011 Golder 2012a), the NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre (Golder 2009, 2010a, 2010b), and the NextEra Jericho Wind Energy Centre (Golder forthcoming a; Golder forthcoming b). Table 1: Registered Archaeological Sites Located Within One Kilometre of the Study Area

Borden Site Cultural Affiliation Recommendations Number Name undetermined, pre-contact no recommendations, but site may be AgHj-2 none Aboriginal significant

Table 2 provides a general outline of the culture history of the Middlesex County area, based on chapters in Ellis and Ferris (1990). Table 2: Cultural Chronology of Middlesex County

Period Characteristics Time Period Comments Early Palaeo-Indian Fluted Projectiles 9000 - 8400 B.C. spruce parkland/caribou hunters Late Palaeo-Indian Hi-Lo Projectiles 8400 - 8000 B.C. smaller but more numerous sites Kirk and Bifurcate Base Early Archaic 8000 - 6000 B.C. slow population growth Points Middle Archaic Brewerton-like points 6000 - 2500 B.C. environment similar to present Late Archaic Lamoka (Narrow Points) 2000 - 1800 B.C. increasing site size Broad Points 1800 - 1500 B.C. large chipped lithic tools Small Points 1500 - 1100 B.C. introduction of bow hunting Terminal Archaic Hind Points 1100 - 950 B.C. emergence of true cemeteries Early Woodland Meadowood Points 950 - 400 B.C. introduction of pottery Dentate/Pseudo-Scallop Middle Woodland 400 B.C. - A.D.500 increased sedentism Shell Pottery Cord-Wrapped Stick Late Woodland A.D. 500 - 1000 introduction of corn Pottery Early Ontario Iroquoian A.D. 900/1000 - 1300 emergence of agricultural villages Middle Ontario Iroquoian A.D. 1300 - 1400 long longhouses (100m +) Late Ontario Iroquoian A.D. 1400 - 1650 tribal warfare and displacement Contact Aboriginal Various Algonkian Groups A.D. 1700 - 1875 early written records and treaties Late Historic Euro-Canadian A.D. 1796 - present European settlement

Information concerning specific site locations is protected by provincial policy, and is not fully subject to the Freedom of Information Act. The release of such information in the past has led to looting or various forms of illegally conducted site destruction. Confidentiality extends to all media capable of conveying location, including maps, drawings, or textual descriptions of a site location. The Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport will provide

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 3 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

information concerning site location to the party or an agent of the party holding title to a property, or to a licensed archaeologist with relevant cultural resource management interests.

1.2.3 Potential for Pre-contact Aboriginal Archaeological Resources Archaeological potential is established by determining the likelihood that archaeological resources may be present on a subject property. Golder applied archaeological potential criteria commonly used by the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (Government of Ontario 2011) to determine areas of archaeological potential within the study area. These variables include proximity to previously identified archaeological sites, distance to various types of water sources, soil texture and drainage, glacial geomorphology, elevated topography and the general topographic variability of the area.

Distance to modern or ancient water sources is generally accepted as the most important determinant of past human settlement patterns and, considered alone, may result in a determination of archaeological potential. However, any combination of two or more other criteria, such as well-drained soils or topographic variability, may also indicate archaeological potential. Finally, extensive land disturbance can eradicate archaeological potential (Wilson and Horne 1995).

In archaeological potential modeling a distance to water criterion of 300 metres is generally employed. The closest potable water source is a tributary of the Ausable River that runs just outside the study area to the north (Figure 1). The Ausable River flows approximately one kilometre east of the study area.

Soil texture can be an important determinant of past settlement, usually in combination with other factors such as topography. The area surrounding the study area is mainly glacial till with predominantly clay soils (Chapman and Putnam 1986). These areas of glacial till have been called Horseshoe Moraines (Hagerty and Kingston 1992:11). The soils of the study area consist of Huron Brookston silt loam characterised by moderately well to imperfect drainage (Hagerty and Kingston 1992: Sheet 1). Spring drainage is relatively slow, delaying warming of the soil and restricting root growth (Hagerty and Kingston 1992:52). As such, these soils benefit from tile drainage “to reach their capability for common field crops (Hagerty and Kingston 1992:52; cf Brock 1972:586). These soils, therefore, can be considered relatively unsuitable for pre-contact Aboriginal agriculture and do not contribute to the archaeological potential for Aboriginal sites.

The study area falls within a climatic region, which is slightly cooler, slightly wetter and providing slightly fewer frost-free days than the surrounding areas of Middlesex County, nearer the shores of Lake Huron and Lake Erie (Hagerty and Kingston 1992:16). This may have presented risks for pre-contact Aboriginal gathering, gardening or agriculture.

The Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport also views the presence of previously registered archaeological resources as a prime indicator of archaeological potential. There is one pre-contact Aboriginal site within a one kilometre radius of the study area to the south. Somewhat further from the study area, but within the Ausable River catchment, however, Palaeo-Indian sites (Deller and Ellis 1992; Ellis and Deller (eds.) 2000), a Late Archaic site (Ellis et al. 2009) and a multi-component site, featuring a Middle Woodland component (Kenyon and Fox 1983), have been investigated downstream from the study area within the Ausable River valley and watershed.

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Glacial till chert can be found in the moraines of the area (Chapman and Putnam 1984:Figure16) and relatively high quality Kettle Point chert occurs to the west between Kettle Point and Ipperwash, on Lake Huron. Currently, Kettle Point occurs as submerged outcrops extending for approximately 1350 metres into Lake Huron. Secondary deposits of Kettle Point chert have been reported in Essex County and in the Ausable Basin (Eley and von Bitter 1989; Fox 2009:362). Natural resources, such as game and wild berries, have also been considered plentiful in the pre-contact period (Brock 1972:586; North Middlesex Historical Society 2010a).

Due to the proximity of a tributary of the Ausable River northeast of the study area, which functioned as a potable water source, as well as the Ausable River to the east and south, which served as a transportation route, and due to the presence of natural resources, the potential for pre-contact Aboriginal archaeological resources was judged to be moderate to high.

1.2.4 Existing Conditions The Parkhill POI study area consists of a ploughed agricultural field. The proposed transmission line routes study area consists of the disturbed municipal right-of-way running north on Kerwood Road, east along Elginfield Road, then becoming Nairn Road, and ending at the Parkhill POI. The assessment of the study area was conducted on January 10, 2012, under archaeological consulting licence P319, issued to Irena Jurakic, M.A. The weather during the Stage 2 assessment was overcast and cold. At no time were the conditions detrimental to the recovery of archaeological material. Field visibility during the Stage 2 pedestrian survey was excellent.

1.3 Historical Context 1.3.1 Potential for Post-contact Aboriginal Archaeological Resources The criteria used by the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport to determine potential for post-contact Aboriginal archaeological sites includes the presence of: previously identified archaeological sites; particularly, resource-specific features that would have attracted past subsistence or extractive uses; early historic transportation routes; elevated topography; and properties designated under the Ontario Heritage Act.

The post-contact Aboriginal occupation of Southern Ontario was heavily influenced by the dispersal of various Iroquoian-speaking communities by the New York State Iroquois and the subsequent arrival of Algonkian- speaking groups from northern Ontario at the end of the 17th century and beginning of the 18th century (Konrad 1981; Schmalz 1991). By 1690, Algonkian speakers from the north appear to have begun to repopulate Bruce County (Rogers 1978:761). This is the period in which the Mississaugas are known to have moved into southern Ontario and the Lower Great Lakes watersheds (Konrad 1981). In southwestern Ontario, however, members of the Three Fires Confederacy (Chippewa, Ottawa and Potawatomi) were immigrating from Ohio and Michigan in the late 1700s (Feest and Feest 1978:778-779).

The southeastern-most portion of the Township of East Williams was ceded to the Crown in 1819 with Treaty 21 (Dunlop et al. 2010a; Morris 1943:24-25). The entire study area falls slightly northwest of this treaty boundary, but first enters the Euro-Canadian historic record as part of Treaty No. 27 1/2 with the Ojibway and Chippewa (Figure 2):

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…being an agreement made at Amherstburg in the Western District of the Province of Upper Canada on the 26th of April, 1825, between James Givens, Esquire, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, on behalf of His Majesty King George the Fourth and the Chiefs and Principal Men of the part of the Chippewa Nation of Indians, inhabiting and claiming the tract of land …. Wawanosh Township in the County of Huron was named after Way-way-nosh the principal Chief of the Band making this Treaty.

(Morris 1943: 26-27)

Treaty No. 27 1/2 was subsequently confirmed on July 10, 1827 as Treaty Number 29 with only a minor change in the legal description of the boundaries of the land surrender (Morris 1943:27). While it is difficult to delineate treaty boundaries exactly today, Figure 2 provides an approximate outline of the limits of Treaty No. 27 1/2.

As of 1836, a small Aboriginal community of about 50 warriors and their families, including Chief Big Bow, are said to have ‘squatted’ for the winter, hunting game, near what is now the town of Ailsa Craig (North Middlesex District Historical Society 2012). A few Aboriginal residents continued to live in the Township of East Middlesex in 1889 on or near the John Doyle property in the Wylie neighbourhood (Brock 1972:586).

Game was considered plentiful surrounding the study area in the early to mid-1800s (Brock 1972:586; North Middlesex District Historical Society 2012). In the late 1800s, the odd bear and wolf were still seen in the area.

Due to the proximity of a tributary of the Ausable River northeast of the study area, which likely functioned as a potable water source, as well as the Ausable River to the east and south, which likely served as a transportation route, the potential for post-contact Aboriginal archaeological resources was judged to be moderate.

1.3.2 Potential for Historic Euro-Canadian Archaeological Resources The criteria used by the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport to determine potential for historic Euro- Canadian archaeological sites includes the presence of: previously identified archaeological sites; particular, resource-specific features that would have attracted past subsistence or extractive uses; areas of initial, non- Aboriginal settlement; early historic transportation routes; elevated topography; and properties designated under the Ontario Heritage Act.

The lands of the present Townships of East Williams and West Williams were patented in 1830 by the Canada Company, formed in London, England in 1824 to survey, develop and sell land (Archaeological Services Inc. 2009:4; Dunlop et al. 2010a). Originally united as Williams Township, named after a Canada Company employee, William Williams, the township began to be surveyed in 1831 by John McDonald, with the first six concessions surveyed between the boundary of Lobo Township to the east and the village of Nairn, approximately two kilometres east of the Parkhill POI study area (North Middlesex District Historical Society 2012). Concessions 7 to 20 followed, on a different orientation (North Middlesex District Historical Society 2012). Donald McIntosh, an agent of the Canada Company, established the first grist mill and saw mill in Nairn in 1831 (Brock 1972:586). As of 1835, a small number of Euro-Canadians were settling in the Ailsa Craig area (North Middlesex District Historical Society 2012). In 1842, the first meeting that would appoint council members for the Township of Williams and become North Middlesex’s first local government was held at Nairn (Dunlop et al. 2010a). The Township of West Williams was settled in 1850 by Henry Saul, who began farming on Concession 21, and others took up residence along the Ausable River (Brock 1972:598). Williams Township was subsumed within Middlesex County about 1850 (Dunlop et al. 2010b), before being divided in two at Centre

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Road in 1860, when Nairn was seen to be too distant for those travelling from the western part (Brock 1972:598; Dunlop et al. 2010b; Grainger 2002:62). Scottish place names attest to many of the settlers being of Scottish decent (Archaeological Services Inc. 2009:4; Grainger 2002:62) and the area is said to have been settled by “Highland Scotch” (Brock 1972:586) in 1833.

Through much of the mid-1800s, a stage coach brought mail to Nairn, from where it was picked up for delivery to other villages, such as Springbank (Grainger 2002:76). By 1859, the mainline of the Grand Trunk Railway ran east-west approximately 3 kilometres north of the Parkhill POI study area (Grainger, 2002; Page, H.R. & Co. 1878). This railway running from Montreal to the American Grand Trunk Railway had an important station at Ailsa Craig, some 5 kilometres to the northeast of the study area. This route was a major route from the east to the American West (Dunlop et al. 2010b).

It has been pointed out that homesteads are frequently found in the wider area, particularly along settlement roads, such as Concession 17 (Archaeological Services Inc. 2009:4). A homestead and possible orchard belonging to a Jno Scafe are depicted in a south-central location on Lot 18, Concession 17 East of Centre Road within the Parkhill POI study area as of 1878 (Page, H.R. & Co. 1878). Figure 3 illustrates the Parkhill POI study area and the eastern portion of the proposed transmission line route on part of H.R. Page & Co.’s (1878) map of the Township of East Williams, while Figure 4 illustrates the western portion of the proposed transmission line route on part of H.R. Page & Co.’s (1878) map of the Township of West Williams.

Due to the proximity of the study area of a tributary of the Ausable River, which functioned as a potable water source, as well as the larger Ausable River to the east and south, which served as a transportation route, as well as the presence of a historic reference to a homestead within the study area, the proximity of the study area to the historic village of Nairn and to historic transportation routes, the potential for historic Euro-Canadian resources was judged to be high.

1.3.3 Recent Reports In addition to the existing historic documentation, the properties surrounding the Parkhill point of interconnect have been reported on in recent archaeological assessments. The Stage 1 archaeological assessment of the nearby NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre was conducted by Archaeological Services Inc. (ASI) and was entitled Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment, Canadian Greenpower Wind Project, Counties of Huron, Middlesex and Lambton, Ontario (ASI 2009a) produced by ASI in May 2009 under PIF P057-456-2008. The first part of the NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre Stage 2 archaeological assessment was also conducted by ASI and was entitled Stage 2 Property Assessment (June 2009 Field Season), Bornish Wind Farm Project Environmental Assessment, East Williams, West Williams, and Adelaide Townships, Middlesex County, Ontario (ASI 2009b) produced by ASI in October 2009 under PIF P057-534-2009. The second part of the Stage 2 archaeological assessment for the NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre was again conducted by ASI and was entitled Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment (Property Assessment), Bornish Wind Farm Project, East Williams, West Williams, and Adelaide Townships, Middlesex County, Ontario (ASI 2011) produced by ASI in March 2011 under PIF P057-534-2009. Recently, Golder conducted additional Stage 2 archaeological assessment for the 2011 layout of the NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre. This report was entitled Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment, NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre, Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario (Golder 2012a) and was produced on February 14, 2012 under PIF numbers P218-097-2011 and P319-013-2012.

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The Parkhill POI will also connect the nearby NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre’s lands with the hydro lines on the east side of the study area. The Stage 1 archaeological assessment for this project was conducted by Golder in 2008 and was entitled Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment, Air Energy TCI Adelaide Wind Farm, Various Lots, Concession 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geographic Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario (Golder 2009) produced in April 2009 under PIF P001-422-2008. The first part of the NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre Stage 2 archaeological assessment was conducted by Golder in 2008, 2009, and 2010 and was entitled Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment, NextEra Adelaide Wind Farm, Various Lots, Concession 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geo. Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario (Golder 2010a) produced in March 2010 under PIF numbers P001-452-2008, P001-526-2009, and P084-197-2010. The initial Stage 3 archaeological assessment for the NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre was conducted by Golder in 2009 and 2010 and was entitled Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment, NextEra Adelaide Wind Farm, Various Lots, Concession 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geo. Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario (Golder 2010b), produced by Golder in April 2010 under PIFs P084-220-2009, P084-221-2009 and P084-198-2010. Additional Stage 2 archaeological assessment was conducted by Golder in 2011 and was entitled Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment, NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre, Various Lots, Concessions 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geographic Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario, produced by Golder (2012b) on February 21, 2012 under PIFs P218-096-2011 and P319-015-2012.

As noted in Section 1.1, the Parkhill POI will also connect the nearby NextEra Jericho Wind Energy Centre’s lands with the hydro lines on the east side of the current study area. The Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessments for this project are ongoing and will be reported on in 2012. The Stage 1 archaeological assessment is being conducted by Golder under PIF P001-607-2010 (Golder forthcoming a), while the Stage 2 archaeological assessment is being conducted by Golder under PIFs P218-007-2010 and P218-039-2011 (Golder forthcoming b).

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2.0 FIELD METHODS The Stage 2 archaeological assessment was conducted on January 10, 2012, under archaeological consulting licence P319, issued to Irena Jurakic, M.A. The weather during the Stage 2 assessment was overcast and cold. At no time were the conditions detrimental to the recovery of archaeological material. Field visibility during the pedestrian survey was excellent.

Approximately 31% of the study area to be impacted by the POI and its associated transmission line was subject to pedestrian survey, while the remaining 69% was deemed disturbed by previous ditching and road construction activities within the municipal right of way. In the former case, the Parkhill POI study area is characterized by ploughed and well-weathered agricultural fields (Plate 1) and the Stage 2 archaeological assessment was conducted using pedestrian survey at five metre intervals (Plate 2; see also Figure 5 in Supplementary Document A and Figure 6). In the latter case, the disturbed area is located along the municipal right-of-way along roadsides where a transmission line will be erected (Plates 3 and 4, see also Figure 6). The width of the right-of-way assessed on either side of Kerwood Road measured approximately 7.5 to 8.5 metres from the edge of the road inwards, for each property. Similarly, the width of the right-of-way assessed on either side of Elginfield/Nairn Road varied from 8 to 13 metres from the edge of the road inwards, for each property. When archaeological resources were identified, the survey transect was decreased to a one metre interval and spanned a minimal 20 metre radius around the identified artifact. This approach established if the artifact was an isolated find or rather, if it was part of a larger artifact scatter. If the artifact was part of a larger scatter, the one metre interval was continued until the full extent of the scatter was defined (Government of Ontario 2011).

All formal and diagnostic artifact types identified in the field were collected and a UTM reading was taken using a Trimble Recon handheld GPS unit with a Holux GR-271 CF GPS Receiver, using the North American Datum (NAD) 83, with a minimal accuracy of two metres. UTM coordinates are presented in Supplementary Document B. Figure 5 in Supplementary Document A and Figure 6 illustrate the Stage 2 field assessment methods and results for the project area. First Nations monitors also participated in the Stage 2 archaeological assessment. Their roles are summarised in Supplementary Document C.

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3.0 RECORD OF FINDS The Stage 2 archaeological assessment was conducted employing the methods described in Section 2.0 and resulted in the identification of one historic Euro-Canadian archaeological site, Location 1 (AgHj-9). Material culture recovered from Location 1 (AgHj-9) is contained in one banker’s box and will be temporarily housed at Golder’s Mississauga office until formal arrangements can be made for its transfer to an Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport collections facility. Table 3 provides an inventory of the documentary record generated in the field. Table 3: Inventory of Documentary Record

Document Type Current Location of Document Additional Comments Field Notes Golder offices in Mississauga In original field book and photocopied in project file Hand Drawn Maps Golder offices in Mississauga In original field book and photocopied in project file Maps Provided by Client Golder offices in Mississauga Stored in project file Digital Photographs Golder offices in Mississauga Stored digitally in project file

3.1 Location 1 (AgHj-9) Location 1 (AgHj-9), a Historic Euro-Canadian site, was identified on January 10, 2012, during the Stage 2 pedestrian survey (Plate 2) of the proposed POI on a property designated by NEEC as BOR2197, north of Nairn Road (Figure 5 in Supplementary Document A and Figure 6). Location 1 (AgHj-9) is an 80-metre (north to south) by 60-metre (east to west) scatter of approximately 225 fragments of mid-to-late 19th century Euro- Canadian domestic debris. In total, 75 Euro-Canadian artifacts were collected during the Stage 2 assessment and approximately 150 artifacts were left behind. The collected artifacts include: 64 domestic items, seven structural items, three metal artifacts, and one miscellaneous artifact (Table 4). Each artifact class is discussed in greater detail below and the Stage 2 artifact catalogue is presented in Section 3.1.7. Table 4: Stage 2 Artifact Summary for Location 1 (AgHj-9)

Artifact Frequency % domestic 64 85.33 structural 7 9.33 metal 3 4 miscellaneous 1 1.34 Total 75 100.00

3.1.1 Domestic Artifacts A total of 64 domestic artifacts were collected during the Stage 2 assessment of Location 1 (AgHj-9). This collection includes 57 ceramic artifacts, four fragments of domestic glass, and three faunal remains.

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3.1.1.1 Ceramic Artifacts In total, 57 fragments of ceramic hollowwares and flatwares were collected during the Stage 2 assessment of Location 1 (AgHj-9). Included in this total are 28 fragments of ironstone, 23 whiteware, five utilitarian earthenwares, and one fragment of pearlware. Table 5 provides a breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by ware type, while Table 6 provides a more detailed breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by decorative style. Table 5: Summary of Ceramic Collection According to Ware Type, Location 1 (AgHj-9)

Artifact Frequency % ironstone 28 49.13 whiteware 23 40.35 utilitarian earthenware 5 8.77 pearlware 1 1.75 Total 57 100.00

Table 6: Summary of Ceramic Collection According to Decorative Style, Location 1 (AgHj-9)

Artifact Frequency % ironstone, plain 10 17.54 ironstone, transfer printed 8 14.04 whiteware, sponged 8 14.04 ironstone, moulded 4 7.02 whiteware, painted 4 7.02 whiteware, transfer printed 4 7.02 earthenware, red 3 5.26 ironstone, edged 3 5.26 ironstone, flow transfer printed 3 5.26 whiteware, plain 3 5.26 whiteware, edged 2 3.51 whiteware, stamped 2 3.51 pearlware, transfer printed 1 1.75 stoneware, salt glazed 2 3.51 Total 57 100.00

Ironstone The most common ceramic type collected during Stage 2 assessment is ironstone (n=28 or 49.13%). Ironstone or graniteware is a variety of refined white earthenware introduced in the 1830s that became extremely popular in Upper Canada by the 1860s (Kenyon 1985). The ironstone assemblage includes 10 plain, undecorated

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fragments including a partial manufacturer’s mark of “...NAWARE” (likely chinaware) (Plate 5:1), eight blue willow pattern transfer printed (Plate 5:2), four moulded fragments including three popular “wheat” pattern and one moulded floral (Plate 5:3), three blue edged including one with a plain edge, not moulded or incised and likely dating from 1850 to 1897 (Plate 5:4) and three blue flow transfer printed fragments (Plate 5:5).

White Earthenware Twenty-three fragments of whiteware are in the Location 1 (AgHj-9) ceramic assemblage. Whiteware is a variety of earthenware with a near colourless glaze that replaced earlier near white ceramics such as pearlware and creamware by the early 1830s. Whitewares in the assemblage include a variety of red and blue sponge decorated fragments (Plate 5:6), four transfer printed fragments in blue or black (Plate 5:7), four hand painted, including some polychrome pieces (Plate 5:8), three plain (Plate 5:9), two red and blue stamped respectively (Plate 5:10) and two blue edged fragments dating from 1850 to 1897 (Plate 5:11).

Pearlware Transfer printing on pearlware was developed as early as 1780, but did not become common in Upper Canada until around 1810 (Kenyon 1985). The early transfer printed pearlwares were most frequently decorated in blue. Other colours, such as black, green, red and purple became popular post-1820. A single fragment of blue transfer printed pearlware was identified in the Location 1 (AgHj-9) Stage 2 assemblage (Plate 5:12).

Utilitarian Earthenware Five fragments of utilitarian earthenwares were collected including three lead glazed red earthenware fragments and two fragments of salt glazed stoneware, both with buff paste and clear exterior salt glaze and Albany slip interior. Red and yellow earthenware vessels were manufactured throughout the late 18th and 19th centuries and were the most common utilitarian ware in the first half of the 19th century, eventually being replaced by more durable stoneware vessels.

3.1.1.2 Glass Artifacts Four fragments of glass bottle are in the Location 1 (AgHj-9) domestic assemblage including two clear or colourless and two fragments of aqua coloured glass. Bottle glass colours are very limited with regards to providing a temporal date to a site (Lindsey 2012) but the one aqua coloured open-pontil base circa 1850.

3.1.1.3 Faunal Remains Three faunal specimens were collected during Stage 2 assessment. They include two fragments of bivalve shell and a single fragment of rib bone from a medium-to-large mammal.

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3.1.2 Structural Artifacts Seven machine cut nails were collected during Stage 2 assessment of Location 1 (AgHj-9) (Plate 6:1). Cut nails were machine cut and have a flat head. They were available as early as 1790, but did not become prevalent in Ontario until 1830. They were replaced by wire drawn nails in the 1890s (Adams 1994:92). 3.1.3 Metal Artifacts Two fragments of miscellaneous unidentified metal were collected. Both are heavily corroded miscellaneous unidentified iron fragments. One piece of miscellaneous metal hardware, a chain link, was also collected.

3.1.4 Miscellaneous Artifacts A single fragment of coal was also collected during the Stage 2 assessment of Location 1 (AgHj-9).

3.1.5 Artifact Catalogue Table 7 provides the Stage 2 artifact catalogue for Location 1 (AgHj-9). Table 7: Location 1 (AgHj-9) Artifact Catalogue

Cat. # Context Depth Artifact Freq. Comments 1 surface 0 cm pearlware, transfer printed 1 blue; hollowware fragment 2 surface 0 cm whiteware, transfer printed 2 2 black dish with scalloped edge 3 surface 0 cm ironstone, transfer printed 4 willow pattern 4 surface 0 cm whiteware, stamped 1 red hollowware 5 surface 0 cm whiteware, sponged 4 blue holloware 6 surface 0 cm whiteware 3 1 basal fragment; 2 assorted 7 surface 0 cm glass, bottle 3 2 clear or colourless; 1 aqua 8 surface 0 cm ironstone, flow transfer printed 3 blue 9 surface 0 cm nail, cut 7 10 surface 0 cm coal 1 fragment blue; plain edge, not moulded or 11 surface 0 cm ironstone, edged 1 incised, 1850 to 1897 blue; plain edge, not moulded or 12 surface 0 cm whiteware, edged 2 incised, 1850 to 1897 lead glazed; 1 basal hollowware 13 surface 0 cm earthenware, red 3 fragment 14 surface 0 cm whiteware, painted 3 red and blue hollowware 15 surface 0 cm chain 1 single small link; heavily corroded

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Cat. # Context Depth Artifact Freq. Comments 16 surface 0 cm ironstone, moulded 1 floral motif 17 surface 0 cm shell 2 bivalve fragments fragment of rib; medium-to-large size 18 surface 0 cm faunal remains 1 mammal buff paste with clear exterior salt 19 surface 0 cm stoneware, salt glazed 2 glaze/Albany slip interior metal, miscellaneous 20 surface 0 cm 2 heavily corroded unidentified 21 surface 0 cm ironstone 1 partial makers mark: "...NAWARE" 22 surface 0 cm whiteware, transfer printed 2 blue hollowware 23 surface 0 cm ironstone, transfer printed 4 willow pattern 24 surface 0 cm whiteware, stamped 1 blue hollowware 25 surface 0 cm whiteware, sponged 3 blue hollowware 26 surface 0 cm whiteware, sponged 1 red hollowware aqua (with open pontil base circa 27 surface 0 cm glass, bottle 1 1850s) 28 surface 0 cm ironstone, edged 2 damaged indeterminate type 29 surface 0 cm whiteware, painted 1 blue stripe hollowware 30 surface 0 cm ironstone, moulded 3 wheat pattern 3 basal fragments; 2 assorted; 5 31 surface 0 cm ironstone 9 hollowware

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4.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS Location 1 (AgHj-9) is a spatially discrete historic Euro-Canadian site. The artifacts recovered during the Stage 2 archaeological assessment of Location 1 (AgHj-9) represent a range of predominantly mid-to-late 19th century Euro-Canadian ceramics such as ironstone and whiteware and a smaller assemblage of structural material in the form of machine cut nails and assorted metal. Given the age of this site in the second half of the 1800s, as well as the number of artifacts identified and recovered, further assessment is required. Based on these considerations; the artifacts identified fulfill the criteria for a Stage 3 archaeological investigation as per Section 2.2 Standard 1a(i)(3) of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (Government of Ontario 2011). The site has been registered with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport and has been assigned Borden number AgHj-9.

4.1 Preliminary Indication of Location 1 (AgHj-9) Possibly Requiring Stage 4 Archaeological Assessment The preliminary indication of whether any site could eventually be recommended for Stage 4 archaeological assessment is required under the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists Section 7.8.3 Standard 2c (Government of Ontario 2011). No firm recommendation for, or against, Stage 4 archaeological assessment will be made until the forthcoming Stage 3 archaeological assessment has been conducted. However, based on the recovered artifacts, which could date the occupation prior to 1870, Location 1 (AgHj-9) can be recommended for Stage 4 archaeological assessment.

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5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS The Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the Parkhill POI resulted in the identification of one historic Euro- Canadian site, Location 1 (AgHj-9).

Due to the fact that Location 1 (AgHj-9) is a spatially discrete site producing mid-to-late 19th century historic Euro-Canadian cultural material, it is recommended that it be subject to a Stage 3 archaeological assessment to further evaluate its cultural heritage value or interest. The Stage 3 assessment should employ both the controlled surface pick-up and hand excavated test unit methodology as outlined in Table 3.1 of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport’s Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (Government of Ontario 2011). Prior to conducting the field work the area should be re-ploughed and allowed to weather for the controlled surface pick-up. The test unit excavation should consist of one metre by one metre square test units laid out in a five metre grid and should be excavated by hand to a depth of five centimetres within the subsoil in order to further determine the presence of buried artifacts, structures, stratigraphy and cultural features, as well as to collect a representative sample of artifacts. Further archival research to supplement the Stage 1 archaeological overview/background study concerning the land use and occupation history specific to Location 1 (AgHj-9) will also be conducted.

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6.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION This report is submitted to the Minister of Tourism, Culture and Sport as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c 0.18. The report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued by the Minister, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations ensure the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have been addressed to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, a letter will be issued by the ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alterations to archaeological sites by the proposed development.

It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or to remove any artifact or other physical evidence of past human use or activity from the site, until such time as a licensed archaeologist has completed fieldwork on the site, submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or interest, and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeology Reports referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act.

Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48(1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with Section 48(1) of the Ontario Heritage Act.

The Cemeteries Act, R.S.O. 1990 c. C.4 and the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, R.S.O. 2002, c.33 (when proclaimed in force) require that any person discovering human remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry of Consumer Services.

Additional archaeological assessment is still required. Archaeological sites recommended for further archaeological fieldwork or protection remain subject to Section 48(1) of the Ontario Heritage Act and may not be altered, or have artifacts removed, except by a person holding an archaeological licence.

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7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES Adams, Nick

1994 Field Manual for Avocational Archaeologists in Ontario. Ontario Archaeological Society Incorporated Archaeological Stewardship Project. Ontario Archaeological Society, North York.

Archaeological Services Inc.

2009a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment: Canadian Greenpower Wind Project, Counties of Huron, Middlesex and Lambton, Ontario. Report submitted to the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

2009b Stage 2 Property Assessment (June 2009 Field Season): Bornish Wind Farm Project Environmental Assessment, East Williams, West Williams, and Adelaide Townships, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report submitted to the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

2011 Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment (Property Assessment): Bornish Wind Farm Project, East Williams, West Williams, and Adelaide Townships, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report submitted to the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

Brock, Daniel (ed.)

1972 The History of the County of Middlesex. New Edition. Mika Studio, Belleville.

Chapman, Lyman John and Donald F. Putnam

1984 The Physiography of Southern Ontario. 3rd ed. Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 2. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto.

Deller, D. Brian and Christopher J. Ellis

1992 Thedford II: A Paleo-Indian Site in the Ausable River Watershed of Southwestern Ontario. Memoirs, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, No. 24. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Dunlop, Robert, Arne Larsen and Edward Bodfish

2010a The Impact of World and Canadian History North Middlesex from 1800 to 1849. Electronic Document: http://150years.ca/histmenu.aspx. Last Accessed February 1, 2012.

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Dunlop, Robert, Arne Larsen and Edward Bodfish

2010b The Impact of World and Canadian History on North Middlesex from 1850 to 1899. Electronic Document: http://150years.ca/histmenu.aspx. Last Accessed February 1, 2012.

Eley, Betty and Peter von Bitter

1989 Cherts of Southern Ontario. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto.

Ellis, C. and D.B. Deller (eds.)

2000 An Early Paleo-Indian Site Near Parkhill, Ontario. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series Paper 159. Canadian Museum of Civilization, Hull.

Ellis, Chris J. and Neal Ferris (eds.)

1990 The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society, Number 5. London Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society, London.

Ellis, C., E. Eastaugh, J. Keron and L. Foreman

2009 A Preliminary Overview of the 2008 Excavations at the Davidson (AhHk-54) ‘Broad Point’ Archaic Site. KEWA 09(1-2):1-19.

Feest, Johanna and Christian Feest

1978 Ottawa. In Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 15, Northeast, edited by Bruce Trigger, pp. 772-786. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.

Fox, William

2009 Ontario Cherts Revisited. In Painting the Past With a Broad Brush: Papers in Honour of James Valliere Wright, edited by David Keenlyside and Jean-Luc Pilon, pp. 353-370. Mercury Series, Archaeology Paper 170. Canadian Museum of Civilization, Gatineau.

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 19 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

Golder Associates Ltd.

2009 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment, Air Energy TCI Adelaide Wind Farm Various Lots, concession 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geographic Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report on file with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture, and Sport, Toronto.

2010a Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment, NextEra Adelaide Wind Farm, Various Lots, Concession 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geo. Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report on file with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

2010b Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment, NextEra Adelaide Wind Farm, Various Lots, Concession 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geo. Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report on file with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

2012a Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment, NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre, Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report on file with the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

2012b Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment, NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre, Various Lots, Concessions 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geographic Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report on file with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

Forthcoming a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment, NextEra Jericho Wind Energy Centre, Lambton and Middlesex Counties, Ontario.

Forthcoming b Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment, NextEra Jericho Wind Energy Centre, Lambton and Middlesex Counties, Ontario.

Government of Canada

2000 Topographic Map Sheet 40P/04: Parkhill, Ontario. (Edition 8). Scale 1:50,000. Centre for Topographic Information, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa.

Government of Ontario

2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto. n.d. Archaeological Sites Database (ASDB) Files. Culture Services Unit, Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

Grainger, Jennifer

2002 Vanished Villages of Middlesex. Natural Heritage/Natural History, Inc., Toronto.

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 20 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

Hagerty, T.P. and M.S. Kingston

1992 The Soils of Middlesex County. Volume 1. Report No. 56 of the Ontario Centre for Soil Resource Evaluation. Resources Management Branch, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Guelph, Ontario.

Kenyon, Ian

1985 “A History of Ceramic Tableware in Ontario, 1780-1840”. Arch Notes May/June 1985.

Kenyon, I. and W. Fox

1983 The Wyoming Rapids Saugeen Component: 1983 Investigations. KEWA 83(7):2-10.

Konrad, Victor

1981 An Iroquois Frontier: The North Shore of Lake Ontario during the Late Seventeenth Century. Journal of Historical Geography 7(2):129-144.

Lindsey, Bill

2012 Historic Glass Bottle Identification and Information Website. Electronic document: http://www.sha.org/bottle/index.htm. Last accessed on February 1, 2012.

Morris, J.L.

1943 Indians of Ontario. Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Toronto.

North Middlesex District Historical Society

2012 A Bit of N. Middlesex. Electronic Document: http://www.ailsacraigmuseum.ca/copy_news.html. Last Accessed February 1, 2012.

Page, H.R. & Co.

1878 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Middlesex, Ontario. H.R. Page & Co., Toronto.

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 21 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

Rogers. E.S.

1978 Southeast Ojibwa. In Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 15, Northeast, edited by Bruce Trigger, pp. 760-771. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Schmalz, Peter S.

1991 The Ojibwa of Southern Ontario. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

Wilson, J.A. and M. Horne

1995 City of London Archaeological Master Plan. City of London, Department of Planning and Development, London.

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 22 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

8.0 IMAGES Plate 1: Field Conditions, Northeastern Edge of Parkhill POI Study Area (BOR2197), Facing South, January 10, 2012

Plate 2: Pedestrian Survey, Northeastern Edge of Parkhill POI Study Area (BOR2197), Facing South, January 10, 2012

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 23 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

Plate 3: Proposed Transmission Line Route, Disturbed – Not Assessed, Facing East Along Nairn Road, January 10, 2012

Plate 4: Proposed Transmission Line Route, Disturbed – Not Assessed, Facing South Along Kerwood Road, January 10, 2012

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 24 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

Plate 5: Selected Ceramics from Location 1 (AgHj-9)

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 25 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

Plate 6: Selected Machine-Cut Nails from Location 1 (AgHj-9)

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 26 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

9.0 MAPS All maps will follow on succeeding pages and in Supplementary Document A.

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 27 N

Transmission Line ROW Parkhill Point of Interconnect

STUDY AREA

0km 1km 2km

LEGEND

STUDY AREA

REFERENCE PROJECT STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, DRAWING BASED ON PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO Government of Canada 2000 Topographic Map Sheet 40 P/04: Parkhill, Ontario. TITLE (Edition 8). Scale 1:50,000. Centre for Topographic Information, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa. LOCATION OF STUDY AREA NOTES THIS DRAWING IS SCHEMATIC ONLY AND IS TO BE READ PROJECT No. 11-1154-0030-2000 FILE No. 1111540030-2000-R02001 IN CONJUNCTION WITH ACCOMPANYING TEXT. SCALE AS SHOWN REV. CADD SWJM Feb. 2/12 ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE. CHECK FIGURE 1 LEGEND N Treaty Boundary Approximate Location of Study Area

Treaty No. 381, Volume 3 (May 9th, 1781): Mississauga and Chippewa Crawford's Purchase (Oct. 9th, 1783): Algonquin and Iroquois Crawford's Purchase (Oct. 9th, 1783): Mississauga Crawford's Purchases (1784, 1787, 1788): Mississauga TREATY NO.61 John Collins' Purchase (1785): Chippewa QUEBEC Treaty No. 2 (May 19th, 1790): Odawa, Chippewa, Pottawatomi, and Huron Treaty No. 3 (Dec. 2nd, 1792): Mississauga Haldimand Tract: from the Crown to the Mohawk (1793) Tyendinaga: from the Crown to the Mohawk (1793) Treaty No. 3¾ (Oct. 24th, 1795): from the Crown to Joseph Brant Treaty No. 5 (May 22nd, 1798): Chippewa Treaty No. 6 (Sep. 7th, 1796): Chippewa Treaty No. 7 (Sep. 7th, 1796): Chippewa Treaty No. 13 (Aug. 1st, 1805): Mississauga Treaty No. 13A (Aug. 2nd, 1805): Mississauga Treaty No. 16 (Nov. 18th, 1815): Chippewa TREATY Treaty No. 18 (Oct. 17th, 1818): Chippewa NO.45 WILLIAMS TREATY Treaty No. 19 (Oct. 28th, 1818): Chippewa (CHIPPEWA AND MISSISSAUGA) Treaty No. 20 (Nov. 5th, 1818): Chippewa Treaty No. 21 (Mar. 9th, 1819): Chippewa Treaty No. 27 (May 31st, 1819): Mississauga ONTARIO Treaty No. 27½ (Apr. 25th, 1825): Ojibwa and Chippewa TREATY Treaty No. 35 (Aug. 13th, 1833): Wyandot or Huron NO.5 Treaty No. 45 (Aug. 9th, 1836): Chippewa and Odawa Treaty No. 45½ (Aug. 9th, 1836): Saugeen Georgian Bay Treaty No. 57 (Jun. 1st, 1847): Iroquois of St. Regis JOHN COLLINS' TREATY PURCHASE NO.27 CRAWFORD'S TREATY Treaty No. 61, Robinson Treaty (Sep. 9th, 1850): Ojibwa PURCHASE NO.57 Treaty No. 72 (Oct. 30th, 1854): Chippewa TREATY TREATY NO. 20 AND WILLIAMS (ALGONQUIN Treaty No. 82 (Feb. 9th, 1857): Chippewa NO.72 TREATY TREATY (CHIPPEWA AND AND IROQUOIS) NO.82 MISSISSAUGA) Williams Treaty (Oct. 31st and Nov. 15th, 1923): Chippewa and Mississauga Williams Treaty (Oct. 31st, 1923): Chippewa

Lake Huron TREATY TREATY NO.16 NO.20

WILLIAMS TREATY TREATY TREATY (CHIPPEWA) CRAWFORD'S PURCHASE NO.45½ NO.18 (MISSISSAUGA: 1783)

TYENDINAGA TREATY NO.13 CRAWFORD'S PURCHASE TREATY (MISSISSAUGA: 1784, 1787, 1788) NOTES NO.19 Lake Ontario THIS DRAWING IS SCHEMATIC ONLY AND IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH ACCOMPANYING TEXT. TREATY ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE. NO.27½ TREATY NO.13A REFERENCE 1. Base Data - MNR NRVIS, obtained 2004, CANMAP v2006.4 TREATY NO.3¾ 2. Treaty Boundary - Approximate Treaty Boundary was created by Golder Associates Ltd. Jan. 2009. HALDIMAND TREATY TREATY MORRIS, J.L. 1943. Indians Of Ontario. Reprinted 1964. Department Of Lands And Forests, Toronto. TREATY TRACT NO.3 NO.381 NO.6 Produced by Golder Associates Ltd. under licence from Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, © Queens Printer 2008 TREATY Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: NAD 83 TREATY NO.3 NO.21 05025 TREATY USA NO.7 Kilometres APPROXIMATE LOCATION PROJECT OF STUDY AREA STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, TREATY NO.2 PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO Lake Erie TREATY TITLE NO.35 TREATY BOUNDARIES BASED ON MORRIS 1943

PROJECT No.11-1154-0030-2000 1:2,500,000 REV. 0.0 DESIGN JMC 15 Dec. 2008 GIS JMC 23 Jan. 2009 CHECK SWJM 2 Feb. 2012 FIGURE 2 Mississauga, Ontario REVIEW N

STUDY AREA

LEGEND

STUDY AREA

REFERENCE PROJECT STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, DRAWING BASED ON PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO Page H.R. & Co. 1878 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Middlesex, Ontario. TITLE H.R. Page & Co., Toronto. A PORTION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF EAST WILLIAMS IN THE 1878 ILLUSTRATED HISTORICAL ATLAS NOTES THIS DRAWING IS SCHEMATIC ONLY AND IS TO BE READ PROJECT No. 11-1154-0030-2000 FILE No. 1111540030-2000-R02003 IN CONJUNCTION WITH ACCOMPANYING TEXT. SCALE NOT TO SCALE REV. CADD SWJM Feb. 2/12 ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE. CHECK FIGURE 3 N

STUDY AREA

LEGEND

STUDY AREA

REFERENCE PROJECT STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, DRAWING BASED ON PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO Page H.R. & Co. 1878 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Middlesex, Ontario. TITLE H.R. Page & Co., Toronto. A PORTION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF WEST WILLIAMS IN THE 1878 ILLUSTRATED HISTORICAL ATLAS NOTES THIS DRAWING IS SCHEMATIC ONLY AND IS TO BE READ PROJECT No. 11-1154-0030-2000 FILE No. 1111540030-2000-R02004 IN CONJUNCTION WITH ACCOMPANYING TEXT. SCALE NOT TO SCALE REV. CADD SWJM Feb. 2/12 ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE. CHECK FIGURE 4 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

Figure 5: Stage 2 Survey Methods and Results for the Parkhill POI (see Supplementary Document A)

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 32 REV. 0.0 FIGURE: 6-A SCALE AS SHOWN KILOMETRES 5 Apr. 2012 5 Apr. 2012 5 Apr. 2012 BC JM JM JMC Feb. 2012 6 GIS CHECK DESIGN PROJECT NO. 11-1154-0030 REVIEW KEY PLAN KEY 1:75,000 0.5 SCALE 1012 MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT Mississauga, OntarioMississauga, STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Roads Waterbody

TITLE PROJECT Base Data - MNR NRVIS, obtained 2004 NRVIS, obtained MNR - Data Base from licence Ltd under Golder Associates by Produced 2008 Printer Queens © Resources, of Natural Ministry Ontario UTM 17N Zone System: 83 Coordinate NAD Datum: Mercator Transverse Projection: LEGEND REFERENCE ³

MAGUIRE ROAD

GREYSTEAD DRIVE GREYSTEAD

! .

ELGINFIELD ROAD MCEWEN DRIVE MCEWEN Bowood

Ailsa Craig

! .

NEW ONTARIO ROAD ONTARIO NEW DRUMMOND ROAD DRUMMOND

BEAR CREEK ROAD Nairn

ARGYLE STREET ARGYLE

. ! Fernhill

! .

FERNHILL DRIVE FERNHILL AUSABLE DRIVE AUSABLE ROSS ROAD

EVERGREEN ROAD EVERGREEN MCLEAN ROAD MCLEAN

POPLAR HILL ROAD WARDELL DRIVE WARDELL

West McGillivray

! . 7

FLETCHER ROAD

MCCUBBIN ROAD

CHARLTON ROAD CHARLTON FORT ROSE ROAD ROSE FORT WYATT ROAD WYATT 6

Lieury

! . CAMERON ROAD CAMERON

Springbank SPRINGBANK ROAD SPRINGBANK GODKIN ROAD GODKIN

! . 4

Bornish

GRIEVES ROAD GRIEVES

! . MCGILLIVRAY DRIVE MCGILLIVRAY

GLASGOW STREET 3

MCGUFFIN HILLS DRIVE

Parkhill ROAD HASKETT

GRAND BEND ROAD BEND GRAND

Moray ROAD ISLAND

! .

2 HODGINS ROAD HODGINS

Sable

MCINTYRE ROAD MCINTYRE KERWOOD ROAD KERWOOD HARMONY ROAD HARMONY

. 1 !

TOWNSEND LINE

WEST CORNER DRIVE

RODDICK ROAD RODDICK

MCINNIS ROAD MCINNIS AUSABLE ROAD RIVER DRIVE RIVER

ELLIOT DRIVE

ELM TREE DRIVE

PARKHILL DRIVE PARKHILL

MARKSETTLEMENT DRIVE

PETE SEBE ROAD SEBE PETE PRANCE ROAD PRANCE

ELGINFIELD ROAD

SYLVAN ROAD

Sylvan

! . G:\Projects\2011\11-1154-0030_BornishWindFarm\GIS\MXDs\Reporting\Archaeology\Stage1_2ParkhillPOI\KeyPlan.mxd REV. 0.0 REV. FIGURE: 6-B FIGURE: SCALE AS SHOWN METRES 5 Apr. 2012 5 Apr. 2012 5 Apr. 2012 1 Feb. 2012 BC SM JM JMC GIS CHECK DESIGN PROJECT NO. 11-1154-0030 REVIEW 1:40,000 SCALE 250 MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO COUNTY, MIDDLESEX PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT, POINT PARKHILL Mississauga, Ontario 500 0 500 1,000 1,500 Wetland STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, Photographic Direction Area Proposed Point of Interconnection Study Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey at 5m Intervals Utility Line Waterbody Roads Railways Watercourse Line ROW Transmission Land Parcel Disturbed Area - Not Assessed Area - Not Disturbed STAGE 2 SURVEY METHODS OVERVIEW METHODS SURVEY 2 STAGE 1 # ! (

TITLE PROJECT !! Base Data - MNR LIO, obtained 2009 from licence under Ltd Associates Golder by Produced 2012 Printer © Queens Resources, Natural of Ministry Ontario Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: NAD 83 Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17 REFERENCE LEGEND

4778000 454000 4776000 4774000 4772000 4770000 ³ 452000

(! # 2

(! # 454000 1 STREET PETTY

MCLEAN ROAD MCLEAN EVERGREEN ROAD EVERGREEN A

N BORNISH DRIVE BORNISH

NEW ONTARIO ROAD ONTARIO NEW 450000 452000

BOR1855

BOR1359 BOR1928

BOR1911 BOR1853

BOR1495

BOR2117 BOR1402 POPLAR HILL ROAD BOR1245

BOR1695

BOR1786 BOR1222 BOR1945 BOR1940 BOR1441

BOR1520 BOR1903 BOR1318

CHARLTON ROAD CHARLTON FORT ROSE ROAD ROSE FORT

BOR1778 BOR1172 BOR1471

BOR1461 BOR1841

BOR2157 BOR1227

BOR1596

BOR1528 BOR1404

BOR1420 448000

BOR1456 BOR1925

BOR1994

450000 BOR1384

BOR1930

BOR1308

BOR1965

BOR1298

BOR1817

BOR1871 BOR1744

BOR1858

BOR1765

BOR1388 BOR1843

MCGUFFINDRIVE HILLS BOR2137 BOR1065

BOR1838

BOR1426

BOR1887 COLDSTREAM ROAD

BOR2027

BOR1288

BOR1595

SPRINGBANK ROAD SPRINGBANK

GODKIN ROAD GODKIN BOR1993 BOR1961

BOR1674

BOR1955

BOR1353 BOR2093

BOR1523 BOR1214 BOR1979

4780000

BOR1885 BOR1127

BOR1710

BOR1721

BOR2129 BOR1037

446000 BOR1474 BOR2053

BOR1139 BOR1092

BOR1582

BOR1709 BOR2091

448000

BOR1267 BOR1829

BOR2123 BOR2045

BOR1205 BOR2017 ELGINFIELD ROAD ELGINFIELD BOR2088

BOR1557 BOR1184 BOR2015

BOR2112 BOR1898

BOR1121

BOR1699 BOR1719 BOR1809

BOR1163 BOR1223

BOR1479 BOR1969 BOR1445

BOR1630 BOR1316

BOR1106

BOR1212

BOR1202

# BOR1673 BOR1145 3

D A E O T R R N E C

!( BOR1584 BOR1987 BOR1076 BOR1297 BOR2125 BOR1612 BOR1257

BOR1873

BOR1155

BOR1336 BOR1129 BOR1756 BOR1506

BOR1447

BOR1626 BOR1753

BOR1625 BOR1138

BOR1976

BOR1004 BOR1379 444000

BOR1244

BOR1850

BOR1550 BOR1073

BOR1531 BOR1556 BOR2107

BOR1407 446000 BOR1539

BOR2008 BOR1035

BOR2044

BOR1416

BOR1039 BOR1627

BOR1729 BOR1396 BOR2141 BOR1067 BOR1683 T BOR1599

T BOR2098

BOR2069

S BOR1616 BOR1931

BOR1605 BOR2132

OAD A BOR1000

D R BOR1371 BOR1811

N N HASKETT ROAD HASKETT

BE STREET CATHERINE

BOR1812 BOR1208

GRAND BOR2136 A PARKHILL MAIN STREET MAIN PARKHILL

BOR1639

BOR1346 BOR1691

BOR2046 ANN STREET ANN

BOR1951

BOR1249 BOR1342

BOR2049

BOR1741

BOR1648

BOR1917 QUEEN STREET QUEEN

EMILY STREET EMILY BOR1008 BOR2059

BOR1062 BOR1273 BOR1872

BOR1819 BETHANY STREET BETHANY BOR1515

BOR1734

BOR1913

BOR1869 BOR1682

442000 BOR1367 BOR1485

MILL STREET MILL BOR1732

BOR1910 E BOR1764

444000

BOR1086 BOR1877

R BOR1406 BOR1478

BOR1800

D BOR1266

BOR1852

BOR1935 L BOR1477 BOR1115

ELLIOT DRIVEELLIOT

H BOR1521 BOR1807

BOR1601 BOR1437

K BOR1047

R BOR2014 A BOR1534

BOR1154

P BOR1777

BOR1686 BOR1480 BOR1228 BOR1091

BOR1439

BOR1182

BOR2016

MCINTYRE ROAD MCINTYRE BOR1897

# BOR1538 (!

KERWOOD ROAD KERWOOD BOR1685 BOR1782

BOR1503 BOR1608

BOR1082 4 BOR1259 BOR1207

BOR1654

BOR1293 BOR1028 BOR1656

BOR1553

BOR1820 BOR1587 BOR1277

BOR1496 BOR1678 BOR1716 BOR1970

BOR1992

0 0 0 0 442000 478000 477800 477600 477400

440000

BOR1118 BOR1105 BOR1331 BOR1201 BOR1421 G:\Projects\2011\11-1154-0030_BornishWindFarm\GIS\MXDs\Reporting\Archaeology\Stage1_2ParkhillPOI\ESAStudyMethodsandResults.mxd 442000 LEGEND

BOR1521 1 Photographic Direction

Roads

BOR1820 Railways BOR1496 BOR1777 Utility Line

BOR1800 Watercourse

BOR1608 Proposed Point of Interconnection Study Area BOR1656 BOR1154 Transmission Line ROW Scatter Size Area Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey at 5m Intervals ELGINFIELD ROAD Disturbed Area - Not Assessed BOR1601 Waterbody 4 Wetland Land Parcel

BOR1293 BOR1852 4776000

BOR1587 ESAStudyMethods_01.mxd

KERWOOD ROAD REFERENCE

BOR2016 Base Data - MNR LIO, obtained 2009 Produced by Golder Associates Ltd under licence from Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, © Queens Printer 2012 0 Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: NAD 83 Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17 MXDs\Reporting\Archaeology\Stage1_2ParkhillPOI\

477600 10050 0 100 200

SCALE 1:5,000 METRES

BOR1421 PROJECT STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO TITLE BOR1992 BOR1654 BOR1480 BOR1477 STAGE 2 SURVEY METHODS

PROJECT NO. 11-1154-0030 SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0.0 DESIGN JMC 1 Feb. 2012 GIS JMC 2 Feb. 2012 442000 CHECK SM 2 Feb. 2012 FIGURE: 6-01 Mississauga, Ontario REVIEW JM 2 Feb. 2012 G:\Projects\2011\11-1154-0030_BornishWindFarm\GIS\ REV. 0.0 SCALE AS SHOWN FIGURE: 6-02 METRES 2 Feb. 2012 2 Feb. 2012 2 Feb. 2012 SM JM JMC JMC 1 Feb. 2012 GIS CHECK DESIGN PROJECT NO. 11-1154-0030 REVIEW 1:5,000 sources, © Queens Printer 2012 © Queens Printer sources, SCALE 50 MIDDLESEX COUNTY,ONTARIO STAGE 2 SURVEY METHODS PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT, Mississauga, Ontario Wetland 100 0 100 200 STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, Roads Utility Line Railways Watercourse Transmission Line ROW Disturbed Area - Not Assessed Waterbody Land Parcel Photographic Direction Area Proposed Point Interconnection of Study Area Scatter Size Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey at 5m Intervals 1

TITLE PROJECT Base Data - MNR LIO, obtained 2009 LIO, obtained - MNR Data Base from under licence Associates Ltd by Golder Produced Re Ministry of Natural Ontario Zone 17 System: UTM 83 Coordinate NAD Datum: Mercator Transverse Projection: REFERENCE LEGEND

4776000 444000

BOR1811

BOR2069 BOR1000 444000

NAIRN ROAD BOR1605

BOR1346

HASKETT ROAD HASKETT

BOR1951 BOR1917

BOR1249

BOR1869

BOR2059

BOR1086 BOR1872

ELGINFIELD ROAD

BOR1800

BOR1852

0 477600

ESAStudyMethods_02.mxd MXDs\Reporting\Archaeology\Stage1_2ParkhillPOI\ G:\Projects\2011\11-1154-0030_BornishWindFarm\GIS\ REV. 0.0 SCALE AS SHOWN FIGURE: 6-03 METRES 2 Feb. 2012 2 Feb. 2012 2 Feb. 2012 SM JM JMC JMC 1 Feb. 2012 GIS CHECK DESIGN PROJECT NO. 11-1154-0030 REVIEW 1:5,000 sources, © Queens Printer 2012 © Queens Printer sources, SCALE 50 MIDDLESEX COUNTY,ONTARIO STAGE 2 SURVEY METHODS PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT, Mississauga, Ontario Wetland 100 0 100 200 STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, Roads Utility Line Railways Watercourse Transmission Line ROW Disturbed Area - Not Assessed Waterbody Land Parcel Photographic Direction Area Proposed Point Interconnection of Study Area Scatter Size Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey at 5m Intervals 1

BOR1753

BOR1625

NAIRN ROAD

BOR1626

BOR1379

BOR1129

BOR1556

BOR2069

BOR1683 BOR1067

444000

BOR1000

BOR1811

BOR1605

0 477600 444000

ESAStudyMethods_03.mxd MXDs\Reporting\Archaeology\Stage1_2ParkhillPOI\ G:\Projects\2011\11-1154-0030_BornishWindFarm\GIS\ 446000 4776000 LEGEND

BOR1626 BOR1106 1 Photographic Direction

Roads Railways Utility Line Watercourse Proposed Point of Interconnection Study Area

0 Transmission Line ROW Scatter Size Area BOR1753 477600 Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey at 5m Intervals Disturbed Area - Not Assessed

BOR2045 BOR1297 Waterbody Wetland BOR1163

BOR1709 Land Parcel

BOR1037

BOR1625

NAIRN ROAD

BOR1829 ESAStudyMethods_04.mxd

BOR1809

BOR1129

BOR2091

CENTRE ROAD REFERENCE

Base Data - MNR LIO, obtained 2009 Produced by Golder Associates Ltd under licence from Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, © Queens Printer 2012

BOR2129 Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: NAD 83 Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17 MXDs\Reporting\Archaeology\Stage1_2ParkhillPOI\ 10050 0 100 200

SCALE 1:5,000 METRES BOR1205 PROJECT STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT, BOR1673 MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO TITLE STAGE 2 SURVEY METHODS

BOR1379 PROJECT NO. 11-1154-0030 SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0.0 DESIGN JMC 1 Feb. 2012 BOR1630 GIS JMC 2 Feb. 2012 446000 CHECK SM 2 Feb. 2012 FIGURE: 6-04 Mississauga, Ontario REVIEW JM 2 Feb. 2012 G:\Projects\2011\11-1154-0030_BornishWindFarm\GIS\ REV. 0.0 SCALE AS SHOWN FIGURE: 6-05 METRES 2 Feb. 2012 2 Feb. 2012 2 Feb. 2012 SM JM JMC JMC 1 Feb. 2012 GIS CHECK DESIGN PROJECT NO. 11-1154-0030 REVIEW 1:5,000 sources, © Queens Printer 2012 © Queens Printer sources, SCALE 50 MIDDLESEX COUNTY,ONTARIO STAGE 2 SURVEY METHODS PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT, Mississauga, Ontario Wetland 100 0 100 200 STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, Roads Utility Line Railways Watercourse Transmission Line ROW Disturbed Area - Not Assessed Waterbody Land Parcel Photographic Direction Area Proposed Point Interconnection of Study Area Scatter Size Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey at 5m Intervals 1

BOR1871 BOR1817 448000

NAIRN ROAD

BOR1838 BOR1887

448000

SPRINGBANK ROAD SPRINGBANK

BOR1955

BOR1353 BOR1885

BOR1710

BOR1582

BOR2129

BOR1037

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4774000 LEGEND REFERENCE Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: NAD 83Coordinate UTM System: 17 Zone Ontario Ministryof Natural Re Produced byGolder Ltd Associates under licence from Base Data -MNR LIO,obtained 2009 PROJECT TITLE 1 Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey at 5m Intervals 5m at Survey Pedestrian 2 Stage Size Scatter Area Study of Interconnection Point Proposed Area Direction Photographic Land Parcel Waterbody Assessed Not - Area Disturbed ROW Line Transmission Watercourse Railways Utility Line Utility Roads STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, ARCHAEOLOGICAL 1-2 STAGE 0 0 200 100 0 100 Wetland Mississauga, Ontario Mississauga, PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT, OF POINT PARKHILL STAGE 2 SURVEY METHODS SURVEY STAGE 2 MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO COUNTY, MIDDLESEX 50 SCALE sources, ©QueensPrinter 2012 1:5,000 REVIEW PROJECT NO. 11-1154-0030 NO. PROJECT DESIGN CHECK GIS JMC 1 Feb. 2012 1Feb. JMC JMC JM SM 2 Feb. 2012 2 Feb. 2012 2 Feb. 2012 2 Feb. METRES FIGURE: 6-07 SCALE ASSHOWN SCALE REV. 0.0 REV. 0.0 REV. SCALE AS SHOWN FIGURE: 6-08 FIGURE: METRES 1 Feb. 2012 2 Feb. 2012 2 Feb. 2012 2 Feb. 2012 SM JM JMC JMC GIS CHECK DESIGN PROJECT NO. 11-1154-0030 REVIEW 1:5,000 SCALE 50 MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO COUNTY, MIDDLESEX STAGE 2 SURVEY METHODS SURVEY 2 STAGE PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT, POINT PARKHILL Mississauga, Ontario Wetland 100 0 100 200 STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, Utility Line Waterbody Photographic Direction Roads Railways Watercourse Area Proposed Point of Interconnection Study Line ROW Transmission Area Scatter Size Stage 2 Pedestrian Survey at 5m Intervals Land Parcel Disturbed Area - Not Assessed Area - Not Disturbed 1 # ! (

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0 477400 G:\Projects\2011\11-1154-0030_BornishWindFarm\GIS\MXDs\Reporting\Archaeology\Stage1_2ParkhillPOI\ESAStudyMethods_08.mxd STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

10.0 IMPORTANT INFORMATION AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS REPORT Golder Associates Ltd. (Golder) has prepared this report in a manner consistent with that level of care and skill ordinarily exercised by members of the archaeological profession currently practicing under similar conditions in the jurisdiction in which the services are provided, subject to the time limits and physical constraints applicable to this report. No other warranty, expressed or implied is made.

This report has been prepared for the specific site, design objective, developments and purpose described to Golder, by NextEra Energy Canada, ULC (the Client). The factual data, interpretations and recommendations pertain to a specific project as described in this report and are not applicable to any other project or site location.

The information, recommendations and opinions expressed in this report are for the sole benefit of the Client. No other party may use or rely on this report or any portion thereof without Golder’s express written consent. If the report was prepared to be included for a specific permit application process, then upon the reasonable request of the Client, Golder may authorize in writing the use of this report by the regulatory agency as an Approved User for the specific and identified purpose of the applicable permit review process. Any other use of this report by others is prohibited and is without responsibility to Golder. The report, all plans, data, drawings and other documents as well as electronic media prepared by Golder are considered its professional work product and shall remain the copyright property of Golder, who authorizes only the Client and Approved Users to make copies of the report, but only in such quantities as are reasonably necessary for the use of the report by those parties. The Client and Approved Users may not give, lend, sell or otherwise make available the report or any portion thereof to any other party without the express written permission of Golder. The Client acknowledges that electronic media is susceptible to unauthorized modification, deterioration and incompatibility and therefore the Client cannot rely upon the electronic media versions of Golder’s report or other work products.

Unless otherwise stated, the suggestions, recommendations and opinions given in this report are intended only for the guidance of the Client in the design of the specific project.

Special risks occur whenever archaeological investigations are applied to identify subsurface conditions and even a comprehensive investigation, sampling and testing program may fail to detect all or certain archaeological resources. The sampling strategies incorporated in this study comply with those identified in the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport’s 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists.

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 43 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POI, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO

Report Signature Page

GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD.

Jeffrey Muir, B.A. Jim A. Wilson, M.A. Project Archaeologist Senior, Principal Archaeologist

SWJM/JM/JAW/lf/gf

Golder, Golder Associates and the GA globe design are trademarks of Golder Associates Corporation.

n:\active\2011\1151\11-1154-0030 nextera - bornish more st 2 - middlsex\reports\parkhill poi report\final\revised report\p319-018-2012_10apr2012_rr_st12_neecparkhillpoi.docx

April 10, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2000-R02 Golder Associates Ltd. 2390 Argentia Road Mississauga, Ontario, L5N 5Z7 Canada T: +1 (905) 567 4444 June 12, 2012

STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Parkhill Point of Interconnect - Additional Lands Part of Lot 18, Concession 17 E.C.R. Geographic Township of East Williams now Municipality of North Middlesex Middlesex County, Ontario

Submitted to: Mr. Thomas Bird NextEra Energy Canada, ULC Suite 205 5500 north Service Road Burlington, ON L7L 6W6 Tel.: (905) 335-4904 Fax: (905) 335-5731

Licensee: Irena Jurakic, M.A. License Number: P319 PIF Number: P319-020-2012 FIT Number: FIT-F2BNU4R (Bornish Wind Energy Centre); FIT- FZEYQNEB (Adelaide); FIT-FRZYKJA (Jericho)

Report Number: 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 Distribution:

ORIGINAL REPORT 4 Copies - NextEra Energy Canada, ULC 1 Copy and 1 CD Copy - Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport 2 Copies - Golder Associates Ltd. STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

Executive Summary

This Stages 1 and 2 archaeological assessment was conducted by Golder Associates Ltd. (Golder) on behalf of NextEra Energy Canada, ULC (NEEC) for the proposed Parkhill Point of Interconnect (POI) Additional Lands, which will connect the proposed Bornish, Adelaide and Jericho Wind Energy Centres’ lands with the hydro lines on the east side of the Parkhill POI study area. The Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area is a parcel of approximately 22 hectares, located on part of Lot 18, Concession 17 East of Centre Road, in the Geographic Township of East Williams, now Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario. The Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area was surveyed as an expansion of the original Parkhill POI study area (Golder 2012b), which consists of an area of approximately 18.5 hectares immediately adjacent and south of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area.

Initial Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the Parkhill POI study area on January 10, 2012 resulted in the identification of one archaeological site, Location 1 (AgHj-9), a spatially discrete area that produced mid-to-late 19th century historic Euro-Canadian cultural material. Stage 3 archaeological assessment was recommended for this site (Golder 2012b).

Subsequently, the Parkhill POI study area was expanded to include the parcel referred to as the Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area, which underwent Stage 2 archaeological assessment by pedestrian survey and test pit survey on March 19 and 20, 2012 and is the subject of this report. The Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area resulted in the identification of one archaeological site, Location 2, an isolated pre-contact Aboriginal find spot of unknown age, comprising one utilized flake. Due to the paucity of finds from the surface collection at the site, the significance and information potential of this site is judged to be low. The cultural heritage value or interest of this site has been sufficiently documented and no further archaeological assessment is recommended.

The Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport is asked to accept this report into the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports. The Ministry is also asked to inform the proponent that the provincial concerns for archaeological resources for this study area have been met.

The Executive Summary highlights key points from the report only; for complete information and findings, as well as the limitations, the reader should examine the complete report.

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 i STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

Table of Contents

1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT ...... 1

1.1 Development Context ...... 1

1.2 Archaeological Context ...... 2

1.2.1 The Natural Environment ...... 2

1.2.2 Previously Known Archaeological Sites and Surveys ...... 2

1.2.3 Potential for Pre-contact Aboriginal Archaeological Resources ...... 4

1.2.4 Existing Conditions...... 5

1.3 Historical Context ...... 5

1.3.1 Potential for Post-contact Aboriginal Archaeological Resources ...... 5

1.3.2 Potential for Historic Euro-Canadian Archaeological Resources ...... 6

1.3.3 Recent Reports ...... 7

2.0 FIELD METHODS ...... 9

3.0 RECORD OF FINDS ...... 10

3.1 Location 2 ...... 10

3.1.1 Artifact Catalogue ...... 10

4.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 11

4.1 Preliminary Indication of Locations Possibly Requiring Stage 4 Archaeological Assessment ...... 11

5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 12

6.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION ...... 13

7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES ...... 14

8.0 IMAGES ...... 19

9.0 MAPS ...... 23

10.0 IMPORTANT INFORMATION AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS REPORT ...... 29

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Table 4: Location 2 Artifact Catalogue (stored in one banker’s box along with Bornish Wind Energy Centre Stage 2 artifacts from the Golder 2012a report and Location 1 (AgHj-9) Stage 2 artifacts from the Golder 2012b report) ...... 10

FIGURES Figure 1: Location of Study Area ...... 24 Figure 2: Treaty Boundaries Based on Morris 1943 ...... 25 Figure 3: Study Area on a Portion of the Township of East Williams Map in the 1878 Illustrated Historical Atlas ...... 26 Figure 4: Stage 2 Survey Methods ...... 27 Figure 5: Stage 2 Survey Methods and Results (see Supplementary Document A) ...... 28

PLATES Plate 1: Pedestrian Survey Assessed at 5 Metre Intervals, Northwestern Portion of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands Study Area, Facing North ...... 19 Plate 2: Creek and Floodplain, Not Assessed, Northwestern Portion of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands Study Area, Facing East ...... 19 Plate 3: Bushlot, Assessed at 5 Metre Intervals, Northwestern Portion of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands Study Area, Facing South ...... 20 Plate 4: Test Pit Survey, Assessed at 5 Metre Intervals, Northeastern Portion of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands Study Area, Facing Southeast ...... 20 Plate 5: Steep Slope and Floodplain, Not Assessed, Northeastern Portion of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands Study Area, Facing Southeast ...... 21 Plate 6: Steep Slope and Floodplain, Not Assessed, Northeastern Portion of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands Study Area, Facing East ...... 21 Plate 7: Utilized Flake (Cat. No. 1) from Location 2 (actual size) ...... 22

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 iii STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

Project Personnel

Project Director Jim Wilson, M.A. (P001), Principal, Senior Archaeologist

Project Manager Jeffrey Muir, B.A. (R304)

Licensed Field Directors Krista Lane, B.A. (R382)

Report Production Scott Martin, Ph.D. (P218), Lindsay Foreman, Ph.D. (R300), Irena Jurakic, M.A. (P319), Jeffrey Muir, B.A. (R304)

Field Assistants Lafe Meicenheimer, B.A., Shannon Neill-Sword, B.A., LL.B.

Office Assistants Ben Clark, B.A., John Campo, B.Sc., Greta Francis, B.A.

First Nations Observers Brandy George, Luis Machinho

Senior Review Jim Wilson, M.A. (P001), Principal, Senior Archaeologist

Land Access Contact Thomas Bird, NextEra Energy Canada, ULC

Acknowledgements

Proponent Contact Thomas Bird, NextEra Energy Canada, ULC

Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport Shari Prowse, M.A., Robert von Bitter, B.A.

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 iv STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

The objectives of the Stage 1 archaeological assessment were to compile all available information about the known and potential cultural heritage resources within the study area and to provide specific direction for the protection, management and/or recovery of these resources. In compliance with the provincial standards and guidelines set out in the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (Government of Ontario 2011a), the objectives of the Stage 1 archaeological overview/background study are as follows: To provide information about the study area’s geography, history, previous archaeological fieldwork and current land conditions; To evaluate in detail the study area’s archaeological potential to support recommendations for Stage 2 survey for all or parts of the property; and To recommend appropriate strategies for Stage 2 survey. To meet these objectives Golder archaeologists employed the following research strategies: A review of relevant archaeological, historic and environmental literature pertaining to the study area; A review of the land use history, including pertinent historic maps; and An examination of the Ontario Archaeological Sites Database (ASDB) to determine the presence of known archaeological sites in and around the project area.

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 1 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

sites with cultural heritage value or interest and to provide specific direction for the protection, management and/or recovery of these resources. In compliance with the provincial standards and guidelines set out in the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (Government of Ontario 2011a), the objectives of the Stage 2 property assessment are as follows: To document all archaeological resources on the property; To determine whether the property contains archaeological resources requiring further assessment; and To recommend appropriate Stage 3 assessment strategies for archaeological sites identified. Permission to enter the property and to remove artifacts was given by Mr. Thomas Bird of NEEC.

(Chapman and Putnam, 1984:127)

The extensive Ausable River system runs east and south of the study area. A tributary of the Ausable River is a potable source running within the northeastern portion of the study area. The soils surrounding this river drainage range from mucky clays to silty loams and sands.

1.2.2 Previously Known Archaeological Sites and Surveys According to the Archaeological Sites Database (ASDB) (personal communication, Robert von Bitter, January 30, 2012; Government of Ontario n.d.), there is one registered archaeological site, registered in 1988, located within one kilometre of the study area. No fieldwork previous to that conducted by Golder on January 10, 2012 (Golder 2012b) had been conducted within 50 metres of the study area. On January 10, 2012, one archaeological site, Location 1 (AgHj-9), a spatially discrete site that produced mid-to-late 19th century historic Euro-Canadian cultural material was located on an adjacent portion of the Parkhill POI study area (Golder

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 2 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

2012b). Stage 3 archaeological assessment has been recommended for this site to further evaluate its cultural heritage value or interest.

Table 1 provides a summary description of these two sites. Archaeological assessments have recently been conducted on nearby properties that are greater than 50 metres from the Parkhill POI study area as part of the NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre (ASI 2009a, 2009b, 2011; Golder 2012a), the NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre (Golder 2009, 2010a, 2010b), and the NextEra Jericho Wind Energy Centre (Golder forthcoming a; Golder forthcoming b). Table 1: Registered Archaeological Sites Located One Kilometre of the Study Area

Borden Site Name Cultural Affiliation Recommendations Source Number undetermined, pre-contact no recommendations, but site AgHj-2 none ASDB Aboriginal may be significant mid-to-late 19th century historic Stage 3 archaeological AgHj-9 Location 1 Golder (2012b) Euro-Canadian assessment recommended

Table 2 provides a general outline of the culture history of the Middlesex County area, based on chapters in Ellis and Ferris (editors) (1990). Table 2: Cultural Chronology of Middlesex County

Period Characteristics Time Comments Early Palaeo-Indian Fluted Projectiles 9000 – 8400 B.C. spruce parkland/caribou hunters Late Palaeo-Indian Hi-Lo Projectiles 8400 – 8000 B.C. smaller but more numerous sites Kirk and Bifurcate Base Early Archaic 8000 – 6000 B.C. slow population growth Points Middle Archaic Brewerton-like points 6000 – 2500 B.C. environment similar to present Late Archaic Lamoka (Narrow Points) 2500 - 1800 B.C. increasing site size Broad Points 1800 - 1500 B.C. large chipped lithic tools Small Points 1500 - 1100 B.C. introduction of bow hunting Terminal Archaic Hind Points 1100 - 950 B.C. emergence of true cemeteries Early Woodland Meadowood Points 950 - 400 B.C. introduction of pottery Middle Woodland Couture Corded Pottery 400 B.C. - A.D. 600 increased sedentism Riviere au Vase Corded A.D. 600 - 1000 seasonal hunting and gathering Pottery Late Woodland Younge Phase Pottery A.D. 1000 - 1200 incipient agriculture Springwells Phase Pottery A.D. 1200 - 1400 agricultural villages Wolf Phase Pottery A.D. 1400 - 1550 earthworked villages, warfare Post-contact Various Ojibwa Groups A.D. 1550 - present early written records and treaties Aboriginal Historic French/Euro-Canadian A.D. 1749 - present European settlement

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1.2.3 Potential for Pre-contact Aboriginal Archaeological Resources Archaeological potential is established by determining the likelihood that archaeological resources may be present on a subject property. Golder applied archaeological potential criteria commonly used by the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (Government of Ontario 2011a) to determine areas of archaeological potential within the study area. These variables include proximity to previously identified archaeological sites, distance to various types of water sources, soil texture and drainage, glacial geomorphology, elevated topography and the general topographic variability of the area.

In archaeological potential modeling a distance to water criterion of 300 metres is generally employed. The closest potable water source is a tributary of the Ausable River that runs through the northeastern portion of the study area (Figure 1). The Ausable River flows approximately one kilometre east of the study area.

Soil texture can be an important determinant of past settlement, usually in combination with other factors such as topography. The area surrounding the study area is mainly glacial till with predominantly clay soils (Chapman and Putnam 1984). These areas of glacial till have been called Horseshoe Moraines (Hagerty and Kingston 1992:11). The soils of the study area consist of Huron Brookston silt loam characterised by moderately well to imperfect drainage (Hagerty and Kingston 1992: Sheet 1). Spring drainage is relatively slow, delaying warming of the soil and restricting root growth (Hagerty and Kingston 1992:52). As such, these soils benefit from tile drainage “to reach their capability for common field crops (Hagerty and Kingston 1992:52; cf. Brock 1972:586). These soils, therefore, can be considered relatively unsuitable for pre-contact Aboriginal agriculture and do not contribute to the archaeological potential for Aboriginal sites.

The study area falls within a climatic region that is slightly cooler, slightly wetter and providing slightly fewer frost- free days than the surrounding areas of Middlesex County, nearer the shores of Lake Huron and Lake Erie (Hagerty and Kingston 1992:16). This may have presented risks for pre-contact Aboriginal gathering, gardening or agriculture.

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2000), a Late Archaic site (Ellis et al. 2009) and a multi-component site, featuring a Middle Woodland component (Kenyon and Fox 1983), have been investigated downstream from the study area within the Ausable River valley and watershed.

Due to the presence of a tributary of the Ausable River in the northeastern portion of the study area, which functioned as a potable water source, as well as the Ausable River to the east and south, which served as a transportation route, and due to the presence of natural resources, the potential for pre-contact Aboriginal archaeological resources was judged to be moderate to high.

1.2.4 Existing Conditions The Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area consists of a ploughed and well-weathered agricultural field and narrow bushlot along the creek that acts as a tributary of the Ausable River in the northeastern portion of the study area. Golder conducted stage 2 archaeological assessment by pedestrian survey and test pit survey of approximately 18 hectares of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area on March 19 and 20, 2012. This most recent work is the subject of this report.

The southeastern-most portion of the Township of East Williams was ceded to the Crown in 1819 with Treaty 21 (Dunlop et al. 2010a; Morris 1943:24-25). The study area lies slightly northwest of this treaty boundary, but first enters the Euro-Canadian historic record as part of Treaty No. 27 1/2 with the Ojibway and Chippewa (Figure 2):

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 5 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

(Morris 1943: 26-27)

Due to the presence of a tributary of the Ausable River in the northeastern portion of the study area, which likely functioned as a potable water source, as well as the Ausable River to the east and south, which likely served as a transportation route, the potential for post-contact Aboriginal archaeological resources was judged to be moderate.

The lands of the present Townships of East Williams and West Williams were patented in 1830 by the Canada Company, formed in London, England in 1824 to survey, develop and sell land (Archaeological Services Inc. 2009b:4; Dunlop et al. 2010a). Originally united as Williams Township, named after a Canada Company employee, William Williams, the township began to be surveyed in 1831 by John McDonald, with the first six concessions surveyed between the boundary of Lobo Township to the east and the village of Nairn, approximately two kilometres east of the Parkhill POI study area (North Middlesex District Historical Society 2012). Concessions 7 to 20 followed, on a different orientation (North Middlesex District Historical Society 2012). Donald McIntosh, an agent of the Canada Company, established the first grist mill and saw mill in Nairn in 1831 (Brock 1972:586). As of 1835, a small number of Euro-Canadians were settling in the Ailsa Craig area (North Middlesex District Historical Society 2012). In 1842, the first meeting that would appoint council members

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for the Township of Williams and become North Middlesex’s first local government was held at Nairn (Dunlop et al. 2010a).

The Township of West Williams was settled in 1850 by Henry Saul, who began farming on Concession 21, and others took up residence along the Ausable River (Brock 1972:598). Williams Township was subsumed within Middlesex County about 1850 (Dunlop et al. 2010b), before being divided in two at Centre Road in 1860, when Nairn was seen to be too distant for those travelling from the western part (Brock 1972:598; Dunlop et al. 2010b; Grainger 2002:62). Scottish place names attest to many of the settlers being of Scottish decent (Archaeological Services Inc. 2009b:4; Grainger 2002:62) and the area is said to have been settled by “Highland Scotch” (Brock 1972:586) in 1833.

Through much of the mid-1800s, a stage coach brought mail to Nairn, from where it was picked up for delivery to other villages, such as Springbank (Grainger 2002:76). By 1859, the mainline of the Grand Trunk Railway ran east-west approximately 3 kilometres north of the Parkhill POI study area (Grainger 2002; Page, H.R. & Co. 1878). This railway running from Montreal to the American Grand Trunk Railway had an important station at Ailsa Craig, some 5 kilometres to the northeast of the study area. This route was a major route from the east to the American West (Dunlop et al. 2010b).

It has been pointed out that homesteads are frequently found in the wider area, particularly along settlement roads, such as Concession 17 (Archaeological Services Inc. 2009b:4). A homestead and possible orchard belonging to a Jno. Scafe are depicted in a south-central location on Lot 18, Concession 17 East of Centre Road within the Parkhill POI study area as of 1878 (Page, H.R. & Co. 1878). Figure 3 illustrates the original Parkhill POI study area showing lands surveyed by Golder on January 10, 2012 (Golder 2012b) as well as the expanded Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area surveyed by Golder on March 19 and 20, 2012 on part of H.R. Page & Co.’s (1878) map of the Township of East Williams.

Due to the presence of a tributary of the Ausable River in the northeastern portion of the study area, which functioned as a potable water source, as well as the larger Ausable River to the east and south, which served as a transportation route; the presence of a historic reference to a homestead just south of the study area; the proximity of the study area to the historic village of Nairn and to historic transportation routes; and the Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the historic Euro-Canadian site within the original Parkhill POI study area; the potential for historic Euro-Canadian resources was judged to be high.

1.3.3 Recent Reports In addition to the existing historic documentation, a Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment of a portion of the Parkhill POI immediately adjacent to the Parkhill POI Additional Lands was conducted by Golder on January 10, 2012 and was entitled Stages 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment: Parkhill Point of Interconnect, Various Lots and Concessions, Geographic Townships of East Williams and West Williams, now Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario (Golder 2012b) and was produced by Golder in April, 2012 under PIF P319-018-2012.

Also, the properties surrounding the Parkhill POI study area have been reported on in recent archaeological assessments. The Stage 1 archaeological assessment of the nearby NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre was conducted by Archaeological Services Inc. (ASI) and was entitled Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment:

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Canadian Greenpower Wind Project, Counties of Huron, Middlesex and Lambton, Ontario (Archaeological Services Inc. 2009a) produced by ASI in May 2009 under PIF P057-456-2008. The first part of the NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre Stage 2 archaeological assessment was also conducted by ASI and was entitled Stage 2 Property Assessment (June 2009 Field Season): Bornish Wind Farm Project Environmental Assessment, East Williams, West Williams, and Adelaide Townships, Middlesex County, Ontario (Archaeological Services Inc. 2009b) produced by ASI in October 2009 under PIF P057-534-2009. The second part of the Stage 2 archaeological assessment for the NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre was again conducted by ASI and was entitled Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment (Property Assessment): Bornish Wind Farm Project, East Williams, West Williams, and Adelaide Townships, Middlesex County, Ontario (Archaeological Services Inc. 2011) produced by ASI in March 2011 under PIF P057-534-2009. Recently, Golder conducted additional Stage 2 archaeological assessment for the 2011 layout of the NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre. This report was entitled Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment: NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre, Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario (Golder 2012a) and was produced on February 14, 2012 under PIF numbers P218-097-2011 and P319-013-2012.

The Parkhill POI will also connect the nearby NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre’s lands with the hydro lines on the east side of the study area. The Stage 1 archaeological assessment for this project was conducted by Golder in 2008 and was entitled Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment: Air Energy TCI Adelaide Wind Farm, Various Lots, Concession 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geographic Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario (Golder 2009) produced in April 2009 under PIF P001-422-2008. The first part of the NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre Stage 2 archaeological assessment was conducted by Golder in 2008, 2009, and 2010 and was entitled Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment: NextEra Adelaide Wind Farm, Various Lots, Concession 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geo. Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario (Golder 2010a) produced in March 2010 under PIF numbers P001-452-2008, P001-526-2009, and P084-197-2010. The initial Stage 3 archaeological assessment for the NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre was conducted by Golder in 2009 and 2010 and was entitled Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment: NextEra Adelaide Wind Farm, Various Lots, Concession 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geo. Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario (Golder 2010b), produced by Golder in April 2010 under PIFs P084-220-2009, P084-221-2009 and P084-198-2010. Finally, a second Stage 2 archaeological assessment was conducted by Golder in 2011 and 2012 and was entitled Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment: NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre, Various Lots, Concessions 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geographic Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario (Golder 2012c) produced in February 2012 under PIF P319-018-2012.

As noted in Section 1.1, the Parkhill POI will also connect the nearby NextEra Jericho Wind Energy Centre’s lands with the hydro lines on the east side of the current study area. The Stages 1 and 2 archaeological assessments for this project are ongoing and will be reported on in 2012. As with the NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre, additional turbine layout changes are ongoing for the NextEra Jericho Wind Energy Centre.

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2.0 FIELD METHODS The Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the study area was conducted on March 19 and 20, 2012, under archaeological consulting licence P319, issued to Irena Jurakic, M.A. The weather during the Stage 2 archaeological assessment ranged from sunny and mild to overcast with light rain. At no time were the conditions detrimental to the recovery of archaeological material. Field visibility during the Stage 2 pedestrian survey and test pit survey was excellent.

Approximately 82% of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area was subject to pedestrian survey, and approximately 2% was subject to test pit survey. Approximately 7% of the study area was not assessed due to being a poorly drained floodplain alongside the creek and a further approximately 9% was not assessed due to being steeply sloped floodplain banks. The Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area is characterized by a ploughed and well-weathered agricultural field (Plate 1) and a narrow bushlot (Plates 1 to 6) alongside the creek (Plates 2, 5 and 6) that acts as a tributary of the Ausable River in the northeastern portion of the study area. Stage 2 archaeological assessment was conducted using pedestrian survey at five-metre intervals in the agricultural field (Plate 1; see also Figure 4 and Figure 5 in Supplementary Document A) and test pit survey at five-metre intervals in the bushlot and creek-edge areas that were not steeply sloped or poorly drained (Plates 3 and 4; see also Figure 4 and Figure 5 in Supplementary Document A). Poorly drained areas representing the floodplain immediately adjacent the banks of the creek were encountered and were not assessed (Plates 2, 5 and 6; see also Figure 4 and Figure 5 in Supplementary Document A). Areas of steep slope along the banks of the floodplain were encountered and were not assessed (Plates 5 and 6; see also Figure 4 and Figure 5 in Supplementary Document A). When an archaeological resource was identified, the survey transect was decreased to a one metre-interval and spanned a minimal 20-metre radius around the identified artifact. This approach established if the artifact was an isolated find or, rather, if it was part of a larger artifact scatter. Should the artifact have been part of a larger scatter, the one metre interval would have been continued until the full extent of the scatter was defined (Government of Ontario 2011a).

All artifacts were collected in the field and a UTM reading was taken using a Trimble Recon handheld GPS unit with a Holux GR-271 CF GPS Receiver, using the North American Datum (NAD) 83, with a minimal accuracy of two metres. UTM coordinates are presented in Supplementary Document B. Figure 4 illustrates the Stage 2 field assessment methods. Figure 5 in Supplementary Document A illustrates the Stage 2 field assessment methods and results for the study area, including the locations of Location 1 (AgHj-9) (Golder 2012b) and Location 2. First Nations monitors also participated in the Stage 2 archaeological assessment. Their roles are summarised in Supplementary Document C.

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3.0 RECORD OF FINDS The Stage 2 archaeological assessment was conducted employing the methods described in Section 2.0 and resulted in the identification of one archaeological site, Location 2. Material culture recovered from Location 2 is contained in one banker’s box, along with material collected from the original Parkhill POI study area and the Bornish Wind Energy Centre, and will be temporarily housed at Golder’s Mississauga office until formal arrangements can be made for its transfer to an Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport collections facility. Table 3 provides an inventory of the documentary record generated in the field. Table 3: Inventory of Documentary Record

3.1 Location 2 Location 2 is an isolated pre-contact Aboriginal find spot of unknown age. The sample produced a total of one utilized flake, manufactured from burnt Kettle Point chert on a secondary flake, as defined in Lennox et al. 1986.

3.1.1 Artifact Catalogue Table 4 provides the Stage 2 artifact catalogue for Location 2. Table 4: Location 2 Artifact Catalogue (stored in one banker’s box along with Bornish Wind Energy Centre Stage 2 artifacts from the Golder 2012a report and Location 1 (AgHj-9) Stage 2 artifacts from the Golder 2012b report)

Cat. # Context Depth Artifact Freq. Comments 1 surface 0 cm utilized flake 1 Kettle Point chert, burnt; secondary

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4.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS The Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area resulted in the identification of one archaeological site, Location 2, an isolated pre-contact Aboriginal find spot of unknown age, comprising one utilized flake. The archaeological survey conducted has resulted in the documentation of a spatially discrete pre-contact Aboriginal location and adds to the body of knowledge concerning land use by pre- contact Aboriginal peoples in Ontario. However, given the limited size of the artifact collection, the cultural heritage value or interest of the site is considered to be sufficiently documented. The recovered artifacts do not fulfill any of the criteria for a Stage 3 archaeological investigation as per Section 2.2 of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (Government of Ontario 2011).

4.1 Preliminary Indication of Locations Possibly Requiring Stage 4 Archaeological Assessment This preliminary indication of whether any site could be eventually recommended for Stage 4 archaeological assessment is required under the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists Section 7.8.3 Standard 2c (Government of Ontario 2011). Since Location 2 has not been recommended for a Stage 3 archaeological assessment, no Stage 4 archaeological assessments are anticipated.

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5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS The Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands study area resulted in the identification of one site, Location 2, an isolated pre-contact Aboriginal find spot of unknown age, comprising one utilized flake. Due to the paucity of finds from the surface collection at the site, the significance and information potential of this site is judged to be low. The cultural heritage value or interest of this site has been sufficiently documented and no further archaeological assessment is recommended.

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7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES Archaeological Services Inc.

Brock, Daniel (ed.)

1972 The History of the County of Middlesex. New Edition. Mika Studio, Belleville.

Chapman, Lyman John and Donald F. Putnam

1984 The Physiography of Southern Ontario. 3rd ed. Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 2. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto.

Deller, D. Brian and Christopher J. Ellis

1992 Thedford II: A Paleo-Indian Site in the Ausable River Watershed of Southwestern Ontario. Memoirs, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, No. 24. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Dunlop, Robert, Arne Larsen and Edward Bodfish

2010a The Impact of World and Canadian History North Middlesex from 1800 to 1849. Electronic Document: http://150years.ca/histmenu.aspx. Last Accessed February 1, 2012.

Dunlop, Robert, Arne Larsen and Edward Bodfish

2010b The Impact of World and Canadian History on North Middlesex from 1850 to 1899. Electronic Document: http://150years.ca/histmenu.aspx. Last Accessed February 1, 2012.

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 14 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

Eley, Betty and Peter von Bitter

1989 Cherts of Southern Ontario. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto.

Ellis, C. and D.B. Deller (eds.)

2000 An Early Paleo-Indian Site Near Parkhill, Ontario. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series Paper 159. Canadian Museum of Civilization, Hull.

Ellis, Chris J. and Neal Ferris (eds.)

1990 The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society, Number 5. London Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society, London.

Ellis, C., E. Eastaugh, J. Keron and L. Foreman

2009 A Preliminary Overview of the 2008 Excavations at the Davidson (AhHk-54) ‘Broad Point’ Archaic Site. KEWA 09(1-2):1-19.

Feest, Johanna and Christian Feest

1978 Ottawa. In Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 15, Northeast, edited by Bruce Trigger, pp. 772-786. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.

Fox, William

Golder Associates Ltd.

2009 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment: Air Energy TCI Adelaide Wind Farm Various Lots, concession 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geographic Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report on file with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture, and Sport, Toronto.

2010a Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment: NextEra Adelaide Wind Farm, Various Lots, Concession 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geo. Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report on file with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 15 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

2010b Stage 3 Archaeological Assessment: NextEra Adelaide Wind Farm, Various Lots, Concession 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geo. Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report on file with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

2012a Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment: NextEra Bornish Wind Energy Centre, Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report submitted to the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

2012b Stages 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment: Parkhill Point of Interconnect, Various Lots and Concessions, Geographic Townships of East Williams and West Williams, now Municipality of North Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report submitted to the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

2012c Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment: NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre, Various Lots, Concessions 1 to 5 N.E.R. and 1 to 4 S.E.R., Geographic Township of Adelaide, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report on file with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

Forthcoming a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment, NextEra Jericho Wind Energy Centre, Lambton and Middlesex Counties, Ontario. In production at Golder Associates Ltd., Mississauga.

Forthcoming b Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment, NextEra Jericho Wind Energy Centre, Lambton and Middlesex Counties, Ontario. In production at Golder Associates Ltd., Mississauga.

Government of Canada

2000 Topographic Map Sheet 40P/04: Parkhill, Ontario. (Edition 8). Scale 1:50,000. Centre for Topographic Information, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa.

Government of Ontario

2011a Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Cultural Programs Unit, Programs and Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport.

2011b Engaging Aboriginal Communities in Archaeology: A Draft Technical Bulletin for Consultant Archaeologists in Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto. n.d. Archaeological Sites Database (ASDB) Files. Culture Services Unit, Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

Grainger, Jennifer

2002 Vanished Villages of Middlesex. Natural Heritage/Natural History, Inc., Toronto.

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 16 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

Gulewitsch, Victor

1995 The Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point: a Brief History. Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point Historical Claims Research Office, Forest.

Hagerty, T.P. and M.S. Kingston

1992 The Soils of Middlesex County. Volume 1. Report No. 56 of the Ontario Centre for Soil Resource Evaluation. Resources Management Branch, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Guelph, Ontario.

Kenyon, I. and W. Fox

1983 The Wyoming Rapids Saugeen Component: 1983 Investigations. KEWA 83(7):2-10.

Konrad, Victor

1981 An Iroquois Frontier: The North Shore of Lake Ontario during the Late Seventeenth Century. Journal of Historical Geography 7(2):129-144.

Lennox, P.A., C.F. Dodd and C.R. Murphy

1986 The Wiacek Site: a Late Middleport Component, Simcoe County, Ontario. Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Toronto.

Morris, J.L.

1943 Indians of Ontario. Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Toronto.

North Middlesex District Historical Society

2012 A Bit of N. Middlesex. Electronic Document: http://www.ailsacraigmuseum.ca/copy_news.html. Last accessed February 1, 2012.

Page, H.R. & Co.

1878 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Middlesex, Ontario. H.R. Page & Co., Toronto.

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 17 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

Rogers. E.S.

1978 Southeast Ojibwa. In Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 15, Northeast, edited by Bruce Trigger, pp. 760-771. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Schmalz, Peter S.

1991 The Ojibwa of Southern Ontario. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

Timmins Martelle Heritage Consultants Inc. n.d. A Brief History of the Kettle and Stony Point First Nation and the Aboriginal Occupation of Stoney Point: a Teaching Document. Manuscript on file with the Kettle and Stony Point First Nation, Kettle Point.

Wilson, J.A. and M. Horne

1995 City of London Archaeological Master Plan. City of London, Department of Planning and Development, London.

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8.0 IMAGES Plate 1: Pedestrian Survey Assessed at 5 Metre Intervals, Northwestern Portion of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands Study Area, Facing North

Plate 2: Creek and Floodplain, Not Assessed, Northwestern Portion of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands Study Area, Facing East

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Plate 3: Bushlot, Assessed at 5 Metre Intervals, Northwestern Portion of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands Study Area, Facing South

Plate 4: Test Pit Survey, Assessed at 5 Metre Intervals, Northeastern Portion of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands Study Area, Facing Southeast

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Plate 5: Steep Slope and Floodplain, Not Assessed, Northeastern Portion of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands Study Area, Facing Southeast

Plate 6: Steep Slope and Floodplain, Not Assessed, Northeastern Portion of the Parkhill POI Additional Lands Study Area, Facing East

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Plate 7: Utilized Flake (Cat. No. 1) from Location 2 (actual size)

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9.0 MAPS All maps will follow on succeeding pages and in Supplementary Document A.

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 23 N

STUDY AREA

PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS STUDY AREA 0km 1km 2km PARKHILL POI STUDY AREA (GOLDER 2012b)

TRANSMISSION LINE ROW STUDY AREA (GOLDER 2012b)

PROJECT REFERENCE STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT ADDITIONAL LANDS, DRAWING BASED ON MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO Government of Canada TITLE 2000 Topographic Map Sheet 40 P/4: Parkhill, Ontario. (Edition 8). Scale 1:50,000. Centre for Topographic LOCATION OF STUDY AREA Information, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa.

NOTES PROJECT No. 11-1154-0030-2100 FILE No. 1111540030-2100-R01001 THIS DRAWING IS SCHEMATIC ONLY AND IS TO BE READ SCALE AS SHOWN REV. IN CONJUNCTION WITH ACCOMPANYING TEXT. CADD SWJM Apr. 12/12 CHECK FIGURE 1 ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE. LEGEND N Treaty Boundary Approximate Location of Study Area

Lake Huron TREATY TREATY NO.16 NO.20

WILLIAMS TREATY TREATY TREATY (CHIPPEWA) CRAWFORD'S PURCHASE NO.45½ NO.18 (MISSISSAUGA: 1783)

TYENDINAGA TREATY NO.13 CRAWFORD'S PURCHASE TREATY (MISSISSAUGA: 1784, 1787, 1788) NOTES NO.19 Lake Ontario THIS DRAWING IS SCHEMATIC ONLY AND IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH ACCOMPANYING TEXT. TREATY ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE. NO.27½ TREATY NO.13A REFERENCE 1. Base Data - MNR NRVIS, obtained 2004, CANMAP v2006.4 TREATY NO.3¾ 2. Treaty Boundary - Approximate Treaty Boundary was created by Golder Associates Ltd. Jan. 2009. HALDIMAND TREATY TREATY MORRIS, J.L. 1943. Indians Of Ontario. Reprinted 1964. Department Of Lands And Forests, Toronto. TREATY TRACT NO.3 NO.381 NO.6 Produced by Golder Associates Ltd. under licence from Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, © Queens Printer 2008 TREATY Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: NAD 83 TREATY NO.3 NO.21 05025 TREATY USA NO.7 Kilometres APPROXIMATE LOCATION PROJECT OF STUDY AREA STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, TREATY NO.2 PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO Lake Erie TREATY TITLE NO.35 TREATY BOUNDARIES BASED ON MORRIS 1943

PROJECT No.11-1154-0030-2100 1:2,500,000 REV. 0.0 DESIGN JMC 15 Dec. 2008 GIS JMC 23 Jan. 2009 CHECK SWJM 2 Feb. 2012 FIGURE 2 Mississauga, Ontario REVIEW N

STUDY AREA

LEGEND

PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS STUDY AREA

PARKHILL POI STUDY AREA (GOLDER 2012b)

TRANSMISSION LINE ROW STUDY AREA (GOLDER 2012b)

REFERENCE PROJECT STAGE 1-2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, DRAWING BASED ON PARKHILL POINT OF INTERCONNECT ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ONTARIO Page H.R. & Co. 1878 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Middlesex, Ontario. TITLE H.R. Page & Co., Toronto. A PORTION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF EAST WILLIAMS IN THE 1878 ILLUSTRATED HISTORICAL ATLAS NOTES THIS DRAWING IS SCHEMATIC ONLY AND IS TO BE READ PROJECT No. 11-1154-0030-2100 FILE No. 1111540030-2100-R01003 IN CONJUNCTION WITH ACCOMPANYING TEXT. SCALE NOT TO SCALE REV. CADD SWJM Apr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Figure 5: Stage 2 Survey Methods and Results (see Supplementary Document A)

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 28 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

Unless otherwise stated, the suggestions, recommendations and opinions given in this report are intended only for the guidance of the Client in the design of the specific project.

June 12, 2012 Report No. 11-1154-0030-2100-R01 29 STAGES 1 AND 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PARKHILL POI ADDITIONAL LANDS, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON

Report Signature Page

GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD.

Jeffrey Muir, B.A. James A. Wilson, M.A. Project Archaeologist Principal, Senior Archaeologist

SWJM/JM/JAW/gf

Golder, Golder Associates and the GA globe design are trademarks of Golder Associates Corporation.

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