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Non-Offensive Defence in the Middle East?
UNIDIR/98/23 UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Geneva Non-Offensive Defence in the Middle East? Bjørn Møller Gustav Däniker Shmuel Limone Ioannis A. Stivachtis UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 1998 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. * * * The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Secretariat. UNIDIR/98/23 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. GV.E.98.0.27 ISBN 92-9045-129-7 Table of Contents Page Preface—Ioannis A. Stivachtis .................................. vii List of Acronyms............................................ xv Part I Chapter 1 Non-Offensive Defence in the Middle East Bjørn Møller ............................................. 3 I. The Basic Idea of NOD ................................ 3 II. The Middle East and Europe Compared................... 34 III. Common Security and NOD for the Middle East? ........... 49 IV. The Role of External Powers ........................... 80 V. Perspectives ........................................ 87 Part II Chapter 1 Non-Offensive Defence in the Middle East: Necessity versus Feasibility Ioannis A. Stivachtis ...................................... 93 I. NOD and Related Concepts ............................ 93 II. NOD in the Middle East: Is it Feasible? .................. 106 III. Conclusion ........................................ 113 v vi Non-Offensive Defence in the Middle East? Chapter 2 Cooperative Security and Non-Offensive Defence in the Middle East Gustav Däniker ......................................... 115 I. NOD and the Middle East Challenge ................... -
The Destruction of Religious and Cultural Sites I. Introduction The
Mapping the Saudi State, Chapter 7: The Destruction of Religious and Cultural Sites I. Introduction The Ministry for Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Da’wah, and Guidance, commonly abbreviated to the Ministry of Islamic Affairs (MOIA), supervises and regulates religious activity in Saudi Arabia. Whereas the Commission for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (CPVPV) directly enforces religious law, as seen in Mapping the Saudi State, Chapter 1,1 the MOIA is responsible for the administration of broader religious services. According to the MOIA, its primary duties include overseeing the coordination of Islamic societies and organizations, the appointment of clergy, and the maintenance and construction of mosques.2 Yet, despite its official mission to “preserve Islamic values” and protect mosques “in a manner that fits their sacred status,”3 the MOIA is complicit in a longstanding government campaign against the peninsula’s traditional heritage – Islamic or otherwise. Since 1925, the Al Saud family has overseen the destruction of tombs, mosques, and historical artifacts in Jeddah, Medina, Mecca, al-Khobar, Awamiyah, and Jabal al-Uhud. According to the Islamic Heritage Research Foundation, between just 1985 and 2014 – through the MOIA’s founding in 1993 –the government demolished 98% of the religious and historical sites located in Saudi Arabia.4 The MOIA’s seemingly contradictory role in the destruction of Islamic holy places, commentators suggest, is actually the byproduct of an equally incongruous alliance between the forces of Wahhabism and commercialism.5 Compelled to acknowledge larger demographic and economic trends in Saudi Arabia – rapid population growth, increased urbanization, and declining oil revenues chief among them6 – the government has increasingly worked to satisfy both the Wahhabi religious establishment and the kingdom’s financial elite. -
Turkey and Iraq: the Perils (And Prospects) of Proximity
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org SPECIAL REPORT 1200 17th Street NW • Washington, DC 20036 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPORT I RAQ AND I TS N EIGHBORS Iraq’s neighbors are playing a major role—both positive and negative—in the stabilization and reconstruction of “the new Iraq.” As part of the Institute’s “Iraq and Henri J. Barkey Its Neighbors” project, a group of leading specialists on the geopolitics of the region and on the domestic politics of the individual countries is assessing the interests and influence of the countries surrounding Iraq. In addition, these specialists are examining how Turkey and Iraq the situation in Iraq is impacting U.S. bilateral relations with these countries. Henri Barkey’s report on Turkey is the first in a series of USIP special reports on “Iraq The Perils (and Prospects) of Proximity and Its Neighbors” to be published over the next few months. Next in the series will be a study on Iran by Geoffrey Kemp of the Nixon Center. The “Iraq and Its Neighbors” project is directed by Scott Lasensky of the Institute’s Research and Studies Program. For an overview of the topic, see Phebe Marr and Scott Lasensky, “An Opening at Sharm el-Sheikh,” Beirut Daily Star, November 20, 2004. Henri J. Barkey is the Bernard L. and Bertha F. Cohen Professor of international relations at Lehigh University. He served as a member of the U.S. State Department Policy Planning Staff (1998–2000), working primarily on issues related to the Middle East, the eastern Mediterranean, and intelligence matters. -
Annual Report 2019 Contents
Annual Report 2019 Contents 1 LETTER FROM CEO 2 2019 HIGHLIGHTS 3 TRADE MISSIONS 4 MEMBERSHIP 6 EVENTS & OUTREACH 13 COMMUNICATIONS & PUBLICATIONS 14 THE COUNCIL Letter from CEO Dear Members of the Business Council, I wish to extend my personal thanks and appreciation to the Board of Directors, Council members and staff of the U.S.- Saudi Arabian Business Council. Having recently joined the Council as Chief Executive Officer, it is my honor to represent you all and recognize our Co-Chairmen Mr. Abdallah Jum’ah, Chairman, The Saudi Investment Bank, and Mr. Steve Demetriou, Chairman and CEO, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. I want to thank you as well as my colleagues for a warm and productive welcome. When I joined the Council in December 2019, I found a strong organization that had a very active and productive year. Throughout 2019, the Council organized numerous executive networking events, business roundtables, two trade missions, among other activities. This year marks the 75th anniversary of the historic meeting between U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and H.M. King Abdulaziz Al-Saud, an especially significant date to me, my family, and the Business Council. This meeting, aboard the U.S.S. Quincy, became the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between our two great nations. We share a very special bond in not only business and commerce, but also history and friendship. I am particularly pleased to be joining the Business Council at this milestone. Through this special partnership, the Business Council’s underlying mandate it to offer relevant programs and services to benefit you and your company’s market strategies and growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. -
Annual Report
COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ANNUAL REPORT July 1,1996-June 30,1997 Main Office Washington Office The Harold Pratt House 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. 58 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021 Washington, DC 20036 Tel. (212) 434-9400; Fax (212) 861-1789 Tel. (202) 518-3400; Fax (202) 986-2984 Website www. foreignrela tions. org e-mail publicaffairs@email. cfr. org OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, 1997-98 Officers Directors Charlayne Hunter-Gault Peter G. Peterson Term Expiring 1998 Frank Savage* Chairman of the Board Peggy Dulany Laura D'Andrea Tyson Maurice R. Greenberg Robert F Erburu Leslie H. Gelb Vice Chairman Karen Elliott House ex officio Leslie H. Gelb Joshua Lederberg President Vincent A. Mai Honorary Officers Michael P Peters Garrick Utley and Directors Emeriti Senior Vice President Term Expiring 1999 Douglas Dillon and Chief Operating Officer Carla A. Hills Caryl R Haskins Alton Frye Robert D. Hormats Grayson Kirk Senior Vice President William J. McDonough Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. Paula J. Dobriansky Theodore C. Sorensen James A. Perkins Vice President, Washington Program George Soros David Rockefeller Gary C. Hufbauer Paul A. Volcker Honorary Chairman Vice President, Director of Studies Robert A. Scalapino Term Expiring 2000 David Kellogg Cyrus R. Vance Jessica R Einhorn Vice President, Communications Glenn E. Watts and Corporate Affairs Louis V Gerstner, Jr. Abraham F. Lowenthal Hanna Holborn Gray Vice President and Maurice R. Greenberg Deputy National Director George J. Mitchell Janice L. Murray Warren B. Rudman Vice President and Treasurer Term Expiring 2001 Karen M. Sughrue Lee Cullum Vice President, Programs Mario L. Baeza and Media Projects Thomas R. -
Iraq: Differing Views in the Domestic Policy Debate
Order Code RL31607 Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Iraq: Differing Views in the Domestic Policy Debate October 16, 2002 name redacted, Meaghan Marshall, name redacted Research Associates Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division name redacted Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Iraq: Differing Views in the Domestic Policy Debate Summary The debate over whether, when, and how to prosecute a major U.S. military intervention in Iraq and depose Saddam Hussein is complex, despite a general consensus in Washington that the world would be much better off if Hussein were not in power. Although most U.S. observers, for a variety of reasons, would prefer some degree of allied or U.N. support for military intervention in Iraq, some observers believe that the United States should act unilaterally even without such multilateral support. Some commentators argue for a stronger, more committed version of the current policy approach toward Iraq and leave war as a decision to reach later, only after exhausting additional means of dealing with Hussein’s regime. A number of key questions are raised in this debate, such as: 1) is war on Iraq linked to the war on terrorism and to the Arab-Israeli dispute; 2) what effect will a war against Iraq have on the war against terrorism; 3) are there unintended consequences of warfare, especially in this region of the world; 4) what is the long- term political and financial commitment likely to accompany regime change and possible democratization in this highly divided, ethnically diverse country; 5) what are the international consequences (e.g., to European allies, Russia, and the world community) of any U.S. -
Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms WATCH
HUMAN RIGHTS THE HIGH COST OF CHANGE Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms WATCH The High Cost of Change Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms Copyright © 2019 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-37793 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org OCTOBER 2019 ISBN: 978-1-6231-37793 The High Cost of Change Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms Summary ............................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations ................................................................................................................7 To the Government of Saudi Arabia ........................................................................................ -
Curriculum Vitae
Curriculum Vitae NAME : Mahmoud Diab Elsayed Gad E-MAIL : [email protected] [email protected] Mobil : KSA … 00966-540493851--- Current Position: Planning Engineer ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION: Course : Bachelor of Civil Engineering (2006) Grade : Very good Project : Survey Grade : Excellent CAREER SUMMARY (8) Years of extensive experiences in Civil Engineering discipline with exposure to Commercial and Industrial Works Project These cover the work and responsibilities on Construction Supervision, Detailed Engineering and Project Implementations, Project undertaken and/or associated with includes: Civil Works Projects includes Earthmoving; Storm Drainage Facilities; Slope Protection Works, Construction project QA/QC implementations. Also have experience in road working in SAUDIA ARABIA. - Work as a Planning Engineer from April 2011 till now. - PMP Qualifies for 40 Educational Contact Hours / PDU Credits from the Project Management Institute. PERSONAL DATA: Nationality : Egyptian Birth Date: 01-01-1981 Gender: Male Marital Status: Married. LANGUAGES: Arabic: Native Language. English: Good (Read, Written, Spoken and Understanding). SKILLS: MS Office programs: excellent in word and excel. AutoCAD all versions: User in 2 dimensions. Primavera Version 6. - PMP Qualifies for 40 Educational Contact Hours / PDU Credits from the Project Management Institute Driving License: Holder of Valid Egyptian Driving License. Holder of Valid Saudi Driving License. ENGINEERING EXPERIENCES 1- SAUDI BINLADIN GROUP. Architecture & Building Construction (ABCD Division) From May , 2013 Till Now JOB TITLE: PLANNING ENGINEER KING ABDULLAH BIN ABDU AZIZ PROJECT THIRD SAUDI EXPANSION OF HOLY HARAM MAKKAH A . Consultant : Dar Elhandasa – Shaire&Parteners Owner : Ministry of Finance – K. S . A Duties and Responsibilities: Baseline program using Primavera P6 - Preparing target program. - Monitor site progress with reference to related targets by regular updates of project program, highlight and analyze the areas of Concern and delays. -
Family Business in the Middle East | Facts and Figures
Family business in the Middle East | Facts and figures Introduction Some recent M&A deals involving Middle Eastern family businesses If the ancient Egyptians are considered the first example of a MENA are a big contributor to the region’s economy. Here sophisticated civilization on Earth, then it could be said that are some interesting facts about them: January 2014, Saudi Arabia family businesses may well have their origins in the Middle October 2013, Bahrain March 2014, UAE East. Whether that is the case or not, family businesses in Fawaz Abdulaziz Kanoo Co BCD Travel The importance of family businesses in Alhokair & Co Yusuf Bin Ahmed Kanoo Co acquired has increased its ownership stake in its the Middle East acquired the assets of Blancoshop SL, the entire share capital of Thomas Cook long-time partner in Dubai. Founded in st family b a Madrid-based owner and operator Overseas Ltd, a Cairo-based travel 1957, Al Rostamani is one of the United ge us of women’s clothing stores, for €40m agency, from Thomas Cook Group PLC. Arab Emirates’ largest and oldest family ar in (US$54.68m). Blancoshop had first Concurrently, Yusuf Bin Ahmed Kanoo business conglomerates. The company l e s announced in June 2013 that it was Co acquired the entire share capital of operates as BCD Travel LLC for its s 0 e seeking a buyer. Cortefiel was named as Thomas Cook Lebanon SAL. The two business travel. First partnering with s another potential bidder. transactions had a combined value of BCD Travel in 2006, the Dubai travel 5 90% EGP72.06m (US$10.46m) in cash. -
Islamism After the Arab Spring: Between the Islamic State and the Nation-State the Brookings Project on U.S
Islamism after the Arab Spring: Between the Islamic State and the nation-state The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World U.S.-Islamic World Forum Papers 2015 January 2017 Shadi Hamid, William McCants, and Rashid Dar The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit organization devoted to independent research and policy solutions. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide in- novative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s), and do not reflect the views of the Institu- tion, its management, or its other scholars. Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings Brookings recognizes that the value it provides to any supporter is in its absolute commitment to quality, 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, NW independence and impact. Activities supported by its Washington, DC 20036 donors reflect this commitment and the analysis and recommendations are not determined by any donation. www.brookings.edu/islamic-world STEERING n 2015, we returned to Doha for the views of the participants of the work- COMMITTEE the 12th annual U.S.-Islamic World ing groups or the Brookings Institution. MArtiN INDYK Forum. Co-convened annually by Select working group papers will be avail- Executive Ithe Brookings Project on U.S. Relations able on our website. Vice President with the Islamic World and the State of Brookings Qatar, the Forum is the premier inter- We would like to take this opportunity BRUCE JONES national gathering of leaders in govern- to thank the State of Qatar for its sup- Vice President ment, civil society, academia, business, port in convening the Forum with us. -
GVPT 409H, Spring 2017
GVPT 409H, Spring 2017 International Relations of the Middle East Mondays 2:00 – 4:45 p.m. Professor Shibley Telhami Tel. #: 301-405-6734 Office: 1105 Chincoteague Email: [email protected] Web-site: www.sadat.umd.edu Office hours: By appointment This seminar will evaluate major issues of the international relations of the Middle East and the American role and responses to these events. The seminar will focus on several post-Cold-War cases in American foreign policy, including the 1991 and 2003 Gulf wars, policy toward Iran, American mediation in the Arab-Israeli conflict, responses to the Arab Awakening, and broader issues such as regional reform and energy. Requirements: Beyond active participation in the seminar discussions, each student will be expected to prepare 2 short discussion essays to help kick off the seminar discussion of the readings. Please write your name and the week number at the top of your paper. In addition, each student will prepare a research paper (around 12-15 pages) on a related topic. The last three weeks of the seminar will focus on readings that are specifically relevant to the topics of the research papers. Readings: Readings are available in ELMS under the ‘Files’ tab, except for full books which are on Course Reserves at the library. Readings are also available for borrowing at the Sadat office (1105 Chincoteague) during regular business hours of 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM. If you encounter difficulty, feel free to contact me by email. You could also contact my administrative assistant, Brittany Kyser, at [email protected]. -
Ideology Outweighs Diplomacy in Iran's Hajj Decision | the Washington Institute
MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 2853 Ideology Outweighs Diplomacy in Iran's Hajj Decision by Mehdi Khalaji Aug 28, 2017 Also available in Arabic / Farsi ABOUT THE AUTHORS Mehdi Khalaji Mehdi Khalaji, a Qom-trained Shiite theologian, is the Libitzky Family Fellow at The Washington Institute. Brief Analysis For Islamic Republic leaders, the benefits of allowing the pilgrimage to proceed transcended the risks of appearing soft in their confrontation with the Saudis. n the evening of September 5, more than 86,000 Iranian pilgrims will complete the Hajj ritual, following O Saudi measures to once again issue visas to Iranians after a one-year suspension. The move also follows Iranian gestures in July to resume diplomatic ties with Riyadh, more than a year after Iranian protestors attacked the Saudi embassy in Tehran. Additional sources of friction between the Islamic Republic and the Saudi kingdom include the September 2015 stampede that killed hundreds of Iranian pilgrims in the Mina section of Mecca -- prompting remarkably inflammatory rhetoric from Tehran -- as well as directly opposing stances on the wars in Syria and Yemen. The Saudis and their Sunni peers, for their part, view the Iranian quest for regional hegemony with great unease. Notwithstanding these tensions, the Supreme Leader's representatives negotiated assiduously with Saudi officials to reopen the path for Iranian pilgrims, demonstrating the strategic importance of the Hajj for Iranian officials, despite the significant concession it represented for regime hardliners. Background P rior to this year's turnabout, Iranians had reasons to doubt they would be going on pilgrimage any time soon. This was the case given provocative anti-Saudi statements and an aggressive regional policy -- both emanating from Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei -- as well as warming U.S.