Space Tales Photograph Courtesy of NASA a Boom in Space-Based Science Is Under Way
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The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle
Order Code RL33568 The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle Updated November 9, 2007 Carl E. Behrens Specialist in Energy Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle Summary The International Space Station (ISS) program began in 1993, with Russia joining the United States, Europe, Japan, and Canada. Crews have occupied ISS on a 4-6 month rotating basis since November 2000. The U.S. Space Shuttle, which first flew in April 1981, has been the major vehicle taking crews and cargo back and forth to ISS, but the shuttle system has encountered difficulties since the Columbia disaster in 2003. Russian Soyuz spacecraft are also used to take crews to and from ISS, and Russian Progress spacecraft deliver cargo, but cannot return anything to Earth, since they are not designed to survive reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere. A Soyuz is always attached to the station as a lifeboat in case of an emergency. President Bush, prompted in part by the Columbia tragedy, made a major space policy address on January 14, 2004, directing NASA to focus its activities on returning humans to the Moon and someday sending them to Mars. Included in this “Vision for Space Exploration” is a plan to retire the space shuttle in 2010. The President said the United States would fulfill its commitments to its space station partners, but the details of how to accomplish that without the shuttle were not announced. The shuttle Discovery was launched on July 4, 2006, and returned safely to Earth on July 17. -
Mars Destination Operations Team 2013
Human Spaceflight Architecture Team (HAT) Mars Destination Operations Team (DOT) FY 2013 Final Report January 2014 For Information, contact: Mr. Larry Toups, NASA Johnson Space Center Dr. Marianne Bobskill, NASA Langley Research Center 1 1 Table of Contents SecSon SECTION CHART # Number ExecuSve Summary 3 1 IntroducSon 18 2 HAT Mars Generic Design Reference Missions (DRM) 29 3 DRM 9 / NASA Mars DRA 5.0 RelaSonship 37 4 InformaSon CollecSon Approach: “Doing Our Homework” 40 5 DesSnaSon Concept of OperaSons 74 6 “Special Studies” 119 Key Findings, Study Products, & Forward Work 135 Addenda 142 Humans 2 Mars 2 ExecuSve Summary • IntroducSon • Doing Our Homework • ConOps DeveloPment • FuncSonality Assessment and Special Studies • Key Findings • DOT Study Products Humans 2 Mars 3 IntroducSon The Human Spaceflight Architecture Team (HAT) was created to inform NASA’s Human ExploraSon and OperaSons Mission Directorate (HEOMD) regarding possible mission architectures and campaigns beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Following a Capability Driven Framework (CDF) approach, nosingle desSnaSon has been considered, but a roadmap of possible desSnaSons that lead towards anulSmate goal of a human mission to Mars was developed. The DesSnaSon OperaSons Team (DOT) was created within the HAT in October 2012. The DOT’s charter is to develop desSnaSon-‐specific “Point of Departure” Concepts of OperaSons (ConOps) for HATDesign Reference Missions (DRMs) using a systemaSc analysis approach. These ConOps then inform more detailed products that are delivered to the HAT Core Team. Using the (July,2009) NASA Human ExploraGon of Mars, Design Reference Architecture 5.0 (NASA/SP-‐2009-‐566 and NASA/SP–2009–566-‐ ADD), as a foundaSon, from April – September 2013, the DOT developed a ConOps for a long-‐duraSon (~500 days) crewed Mars surface mission. -
The New American Space Age: a Progress Report on Human Spaceflight the New American Space Age: a Progress Report on Human Spaceflight the International Space
The New American Space Age: A PROGRESS REPORT ON HUMAN SpaCEFLIGHT The New American Space Age: A Progress Report on Human Spaceflight The International Space Station: the largest international scientific and engineering achievement in human history. The New American Space Age: A Progress Report on Human Spaceflight Lately, it seems the public cannot get enough of space! The recent hit movie “Gravity” not only won 7 Academy Awards – it was a runaway box office success, no doubt inspiring young future scientists, engineers and mathematicians just as “2001: A Space Odyssey” did more than 40 years ago. “Cosmos,” a PBS series on the origins of the universe from the 1980s, has been updated to include the latest discoveries – and funded by a major television network in primetime. And let’s not forget the terrific online videos of science experiments from former International Space Station Commander Chris Hadfield that were viewed by millions of people online. Clearly, the American public is eager to carry the torch of space exploration again. Thankfully, NASA and the space industry are building a host of new vehicles that will do just that. American industry is hard at work developing new commercial transportation services to suborbital altitudes and even low Earth orbit. NASA and the space industry are also building vehicles to take astronauts beyond low Earth orbit for the first time since the Apollo program. Meanwhile, in the U.S. National Lab on the space station, unprecedented research in zero-g is paving the way for Earth breakthroughs in genetics, gerontology, new vaccines and much more. -
Britain Back in Space
Spaceflight A British Interplanetary Society Publication Britain back in Space Vol 58 No 1 January 2016 £4.50 www.bis-space.com 1.indd 1 11/26/2015 8:30:59 AM 2.indd 2 11/26/2015 8:31:14 AM CONTENTS Editor: Published by the British Interplanetary Society David Baker, PhD, BSc, FBIS, FRHS Sub-editor: Volume 58 No. 1 January 2016 Ann Page 4-5 Peake on countdown – to the ISS and beyond Production Assistant: As British astronaut Tim Peake gets ready for his ride into space, Ben Jones Spaceflight reviews the build-up to this mission and examines the Spaceflight Promotion: possibilities that may unfold as a result of European contributions to Suszann Parry NASA’s Orion programme. Spaceflight Arthur C. Clarke House, 6-9 Ready to go! 27/29 South Lambeth Road, London, SW8 1SZ, England. What happens when Tim Peake arrives at the International Space Tel: +44 (0)20 7735 3160 Station, where can I watch it, listen to it, follow it, and what are the Fax: +44 (0)20 7582 7167 broadcasters doing about special programming? We provide the Email: [email protected] directory to a media frenzy! www.bis-space.com 16-17 BIS Technical Projects ADVERTISING Tel: +44 (0)1424 883401 Robin Brand has been busy gathering the latest information about Email: [email protected] studies, research projects and practical experiments now underway at DISTRIBUTION the BIS, the first in a periodic series of roundups. Spaceflight may be received worldwide by mail through membership of the British 18 Icarus Progress Report Interplanetary Society. -
Please Type Your Paper Title Here In
Estimating the Reliability of a Soyuz Spacecraft Mission Michael G. Lutomskia*, Steven J. Farnham IIb, and Warren C. Grantb aNASA-JSC, Houston, TX – [email protected] bARES Corporation, Houston, TX Abstract: Once the US Space Shuttle retires in 2010, the Russian Soyuz Launcher and Soyuz Spacecraft will comprise the only means for crew transportation to and from the International Space Station (ISS). The U.S. Government and NASA have contracted for crew transportation services to the ISS with Russia. The resulting implications for the US space program including issues such as astronaut safety must be carefully considered. Are the astronauts and cosmonauts safer on the Soyuz than the Space Shuttle system? Is the Soyuz launch system more robust than the Space Shuttle? Is it safer to continue to fly the 30 year old Shuttle fleet for crew transportation and cargo resupply than the Soyuz? Should we extend the life of the Shuttle Program? How does the development of the Orion/Ares crew transportation system affect these decisions? The Soyuz launcher has been in operation for over 40 years. There have been only two loss of life incidents and two loss of mission incidents. Given that the most recent incident took place in 1983, how do we determine current reliability of the system? Do failures of unmanned Soyuz rockets impact the reliability of the currently operational man-rated launcher? Does the Soyuz exhibit characteristics that demonstrate reliability growth and how would that be reflected in future estimates of success? NASA’s next manned rocket and spacecraft development project is currently underway. -
NASA TV Schedule for Week of April 19, 2021 Rev. C
NASA TV Daily Program Schedule Monday - 4/19/2021 Eastern Daylight Time 12 a.m. Nuclear Propulsion in Space 12 a.m. 12:30 a.m. Ocean Worlds: The Search for Life 12:30 a.m. 1 a.m. Orion Crew Module Cone Panel 1 a.m. 1:30 a.m. Tech On Deck 1:30 a.m. 2 a.m. 2 a.m. 2:30 a.m. Shuttle Documentary 2:30 a.m. 3 a.m. 3 a.m. 3:30 a.m. STS-100 Mission Highlights 3:30 a.m. 4 a.m. Nuclear Propulsion in Space 4 a.m. 4:30 a.m. Ocean Worlds: The Search for Life 4:30 a.m. 5 a.m. Orion Crew Module Cone Panel 5 a.m. 5:30 a.m. Orion Flight Test-1 5:30 a.m. 6 a.m. 6 a.m. 6:30 a.m. Coverage of the Ingenuity Mars helicopter’s first flight 6:30 a.m. 7 a.m. 7 a.m. 7:30 a.m. ISS Expedition 64 In-Flight Event for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 7:30 a.m. with JAXA Flight Engineer Soichi Noguchi 8 a.m. 8 a.m. The von Karman Lecture Series - Venus: Earths Evil Twin or Just 8:30 a.m. 8:30 a.m. 9 a.m. How to Weigh an Exoplanet : Ask the Astronomers Live! 9 a.m. 9:30 a.m. 9:30 a.m. 10 a.m. Nuclear Propulsion in Space 10 a.m. 10:30 a.m. Ocean Worlds: The Search for Life 10:30 a.m. -
Developing the Space Shuttle1
****EU4 Chap 2 (161-192) 4/2/01 12:45 PM Page 161 Chapter Two Developing the Space Shuttle1 by Ray A. Williamson Early Concepts of a Reusable Launch Vehicle Spaceflight advocates have long dreamed of building reusable launchers because they offer relative operational simplicity and the potential of significantly reduced costs com- pared to expendable vehicles. However, they are also technologically much more difficult to achieve. German experimenters were the first to examine seriously what developing a reusable launch vehicle (RLV) might require. During the 1920s and 1930s, they argued the advantages and disadvantages of space transportation, but were far from having the technology to realize their dreams. Austrian engineer Eugen M. Sänger, for example, envi- sioned a rocket-powered bomber that would be launched from a rocket sled in Germany at a staging velocity of Mach 1.5. It would burn rocket fuel to propel it to Mach 10, then skip across the upper reaches of the atmosphere and drop a bomb on New York City. The high-flying vehicle would then continue to skip across the top of the atmosphere to land again near its takeoff point. This idea was never picked up by the German air force, but Sänger revived a civilian version of it after the war. In 1963, he proposed a two-stage vehi- cle in which a large aircraft booster would accelerate to supersonic speeds, carrying a rel- atively small RLV to high altitudes, where it would be launched into low-Earth orbit (LEO).2 Although his idea was advocated by Eurospace, the industrial consortium formed to promote the development of space activities, it was not seriously pursued until the mid- 1980s, when Dornier and other German companies began to explore the concept, only to drop it later as too expensive and technically risky.3 As Sänger’s concepts clearly illustrated, technological developments from several dif- ferent disciplines must converge to make an RLV feasible. -
SOYUZ THROUGH the AGES the R-7 Rocket That Led to the Family of Soyuz Vehicles Launching Today Lifted Off for the First Time Onfeb
RUSSIAN SPACE SOYUZ THROUGH THE AGES The R-7 rocket that led to the family of Soyuz vehicles launching today lifted off for the first time onFeb. 17, 1959. The last launch, on Dec. 27, 2018, was number 1,898. Irene Klotz and Maxim Pyadushkin Vostochny Cosmodrome anufactured by the Progress Rocket Space Center in Sama- Evolution of Soyuz-Family Launch Vehicles ra, Russia, the medium-lift expendable booster originally was used for Soviet-era human space missions and later became the R-7 Soyuz Soyuz-L workhorse for the country’s civilian and military space programs. M 1957 First launch of the ICBM (SS-6 1966-76 (32 launches, 1970-71 (three launches, Sapwood) that served as a basis for including 30 successful, all successful, The first rocket officially named Soyuz was launched in Soviet/Russian launch vehicles from Baikonur) from Baikonur) 1966 and has since flown 1,050 times, of which 1,023 were including the Soyuz family successful. Production of Soyuz rockets peaked in the early Soyuz 1980s at about 60 vehicles per year. Medium-Class Launch Vehicle Russia began offering Soyuz launch services internationally in the mid-1980s through Glavkosmos, a commercial entity set up to sell Soviet rocket and space technologies. Manufacturer: Progress Rocket Space Soyuz-U/-U2 Soyuz-M Center, Samara, Russia In 1996, Russia created Starsem, a joint venture (35% ArianeGroup, 25% Roscosmos, 25% RKTs Progress, 15% 1991 Breakup of the 1973-2017 1971-76 (eight launches, Soviet Union, (859 launches, including all successful, from Plesetsk) Dimensions Arianespace) that had exclusive rights to provide commercial launch services on Soyuz launch vehicles. -
Mission Task Checklist
MISSION TASK CHECKLIST Entryway Discovery (page 2) Astronaut Encounter (page 3) Astronaut Autograph (page 3) Where in the World? (page 4) Mission Patch (page 5) Wild Neighbors (page 6) NASA Speak (page 7) Journey To Mars: Explorers Wanted (page 7) The Orion spacecraft is the Science On A Sphere (page 8) crew vehicle NASA is Move the Galaxy (page 8) currently developing for future deep-space missions. Mapping Survey (page 9) Crew Conference (page 10) Shuttle Launch Experience (page 15) EXPEDITION Bus Tour (page16) Touch the Moon (page16) LOGBOOK Energy for the Future (page 11-12) From Sketchpad to Launchpad (page 13) Team Name: ______________________________ ISS Live! (page 14) Rocket Garden Rap (page 17) Commander (teacher): ______________________ Rocket Search (page 18) Pilot (chaperone): __________________________ Mission Specialist 1 (MS1): ________________________ For more cool information and activities, visit www.nasa.gov and click on the “For Students” tab! Mission Specialist 2 (MS2): ________________________ Mission Specialist 3 (MS3): ________________________ Mission Specialist 4 (MS4): ________________________ MISSION TASK: Rocket Search LOCATION: Rocket Garden Expedition 321 YOU ARE GO FOR LAUNCH The rockets on display here are real, space worthy rockets left over from the early days of space exploration. Unlike the space shuttle, they are all “expendable” rockets, which means they were designed to be used only once. Some of these were Welcome the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, the only place surplus, while others were designed for missions that were later canceled. on Earth where human beings have left the planet, traveled to Find the following items in the Rocket Garden and in the Word Search puzzle. -
Linux Nas Incursões Espaciais Americanas No Século 21 Linux in American Space Forays Into the 21St Century
eISSN 2179-5150 295 | Uma reflexão sobre as publicações científicas e a aderênciaFATEC brasileira Praia Grande ao paradigma • fatecpg.edu.br/revista da indústria 4.0 submetido: Jan/2021 • aceito: Mar/2021 • publicado: Jun/2021 Linux nas incursões espaciais americanas no século 21 Linux in american space forays into the 21st century Marcos Paulo da Rocha Moura Miúdo [email protected] Simone Maria Viana Romano [email protected] Angelo Werthmuller Fondello Silva [email protected] RESUMO A tecnologia espacial é um dos setores que mais investe em automação e integração de estruturas e equipamentos. Envolvendo um enorme número de empresas diferentes, sempre apresentou um desafio entre integração de software e hardware das mais diversas áreas. Os computadores necessários para controlar e processar toda essa estrutura necessitam ser ágeis, confiáveis e capazes de executar todos os desafios propostos por esta tecnologia. Controlando estes computadores, o sistema operacional Linux mostrou-se capaz de realizar esta missão, sendo atualmente utilizado nos grandes foguetes reutilizáveis ou em drones sob solo marciano. Este estudo exploratório, realizado como revisão bibliográfica, destaca a aplicação do Linux, assim como a tecnologia espacial e seus desafios. Os dados obtidos durante a pesquisa possibilitaram afirmar que a NASA e a SpaceX mudaram a forma como equipes e empresas atuam nas missões espaciais. O Linux vem permitindo que equipes de cientistas em universidades ou empresas de tecnologia de pequeno porte atuem de forma importante para o sucesso da nova era espacial. A missão espacial DM-2 ocorrida em maio de 2020, é a prova do sucesso da utilização do Linux. -
Landing Safely on Earth, Then the Moon and Mars
AIRCRAFT TECHNOLOGY, INTEGRATION AND OPERATIONS send humans beyond low-Earth orbit for the first time since Apollo 17 in 1972. NASA’s Mars 2020 mission, with the 1,050-ki- logram Perseverance rover and new technology demonstration 2-kilogram Ingenuity Mars heli- copter, were launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida in July. The rover is sched- uled to land on the red planet at Jezero Crater. Sev- eral new technologies will operate during entry, descent and landing, including Range Trigger and Terrain-Relative Navigation, while Perseverance descends under the 21.5-meter-nominal-diame- ter Disk Gap Band parachute. In June, the U.S. Army initiated the process to develop the Next Generation Static Line personnel parachute for multidomain operations. The Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Sol- dier Center is leading the technical development and spent the end of the year identifying the capa- bilities of commercially available parachutes in the U.S. and allied nations. These data, along with user input, will be used to conduct a detailed analysis and determine a potential path in 2021. CCDC SC, as the technical lead for the Au- tonomous Aerial Insertion and Resupply into Dense, Urban, Complex Terrain Joint Capabil- Landing safely on Earth, then the moon ity Technology Demonstration, or AAIRDUCT, worked to develop a way to deploy 2- to 20-ki- and Mars logram payloads from a Joint Precision Airdrop System, which uses GPS and steerable para- BY OLEG YAKIMENKO chutes. The center conducted tests at Yuma Prov- The Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technical Committee focuses ing Ground in Arizona in September and October on development and application of aerodynamic decelerator systems in preparation for an Office of the Secretary of and lifting parachutes, pararotators, and inflatables for deceleration, Defense-sponsored operational demonstration. -
Pandemic Hastens the End of Jumbo Jets
ISSN 2667-8624 VOLUME 2 - ISSUE 6 - YEAR 2020 FINANCIAL REVIEW RISK & RECOVERY IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY PANDEMIC HASTENS THE END OF JUMBO JETS AIR CARGO PERFORMANCE WILL THE B747 PLAY A OF AIRPORTS IN KEY ROLE IN VACCINE TURKEY DURING THE DISTRUBITION? NORMALIZATION PROCESS BUSINESS COCKPIT FUTURE TECH INTERVIEWS SPACEX’S DEMO-2 WITH SCOTT NEAL MISSION - THE FUTURE OF SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT COMMERCIAL SPACE GULFSTREAM VOLUME 2 - YEAR 2020 - ISSUE 6 contents ISSN 2667-8624 Publisher & Editor in Chief Managing Editor Ayşe Akalın Cem Akalın [email protected] cem.akalin@aviationturkey. com International Relations & Advertisement Director Administrative Şebnem Akalın Coordinator sebnem.akalin@ Yeşim Bilginoğlu Yörük aviationturkey.com y.bilginoglu@ aviationturkey.com Chief Advisor to Editorial Board Editors Can Erel / Aeronautical Muhammed Yılmaz/ Engineer Aeronautical Engineer Translation İbrahim Sünnetçi Tanyel Akman Şebnem Akalin Saffet Uyanık 14 Proof Reading & Editing Mona Melleberg Yükseltürk Photographer Sinan Niyazi Kutsal Graphic Design Risk and Gülsemin Bolat İmtiyaz Sahibi Recovery in Görkem Elmas Hatice Ayşe Evers Advisory Board Basım Yeri the Aviation Aslıhan Aydemir Demir Ofis Kırtasiye Industry Serdar Çora Perpa Ticaret Merkezi B Blok Renan Gökyay Kat:8 No:936 Şişli / İstanbul Lale Selamoğlu Kaplan 8 Tel: +90 212 222 26 36 Assoc. Prof. Ferhan Kuyucak demirofiskirtasiye@hotmail. Şengür com Pandemic Adress www.demirofiskirtasiye.com Administrative Office Hastens the Basım Tarihi DT Medya LTD.STI Ağustos - Eylül 2020 İlkbahar Mahallesi Galip End of Jumbo Erdem Caddesi Sinpaş Yayın Türü Jets Altınoran Kule 3 No:142 Süreli Çankaya Ankara/Turkey Tel: +90 (312) 557 9020 [email protected] www.aviationturkey.com © All rights reserved.