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Class Monocotyledonae
ACORUS/ACORACEAE 1077 CLASS MONOCOTYLEDONAE Plants usually herbaceous—in other words, lacking regular secondary thickening (except Palmaceae, Smilacaceae, most Agavaceae, and a few Poaceae); seedlings usually with 1 seed leaf or cotyledon; stems or branches elongating by apical growth and also by growth of basal por- tion of internodes; leaves when present alternate, whorled, basal, or rarely opposite, elongating by basal growth (readily seen on spring-flowering bulbs whose leaf-tips have been frozen back); leaf blades usually with parallel or concentrically curved veins, these unbranched or with inconspicuous, short, transverse connectives (leaves net-veined or with prominent midrib and spreading side-veins parallel with each other in Alismataceae, Araceae, Smilacaceae, Marantaceae, and some Orchidaceae); perianth with dissimilar inner and outer whorls (petals and sepals), or all parts about alike (tepals), the parianth parts separate or united, commonly in 3s, less often in 2s, rarely in 5s, or perianth of scales or bristles, or entirely absent. AWorldwide, the Monocotyledonae is a group composed of ca. 55,800 species in 2,652 genera arranged in 84 families (Mabberley 1997); 25 of these families occur in nc TX. The monocots appear to be a well-supported monophyletic group derived from within the monosulcate Magnoliidae group of dicots (Chase et al. 1993; Duvall et al. 1993; Qiu et al. 1993). From the cla- distic standpoint, the dicots are therefore paraphyletic and thus inappropriate for formal recog- nition (see explantion and Fig. 41 in Apendix 6). Within the monocots, Acorus appears to be the sister group to all other monocots, with the Alismataceae (and Potamogeton) being the next most basal group (Duvall et al. -
TAXON:Yucca Gloriosa L. SCORE:11.0 RATING:High Risk
TAXON: Yucca gloriosa L. SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Yucca gloriosa L. Family: Asparagaceae Common Name(s): palmlilja Synonym(s): Yucca acuminata Sweet Spanish dagger Yucca acutifolia Truff. Yucca ellacombei Baker Yucca ensifolia Groenl. Yucca integerrima Stokes Yucca obliqua Haw. Yucca patens André Yucca plicata (Carrière) K.Koch Yucca plicatilis K.Koch Yucca pruinosa Baker Yucca tortulata Baker Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 15 Nov 2017 WRA Score: 11.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Naturalized, Weedy Succulent, Spine-tipped Leaves, Moth-pollinated Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Intermediate tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 y Creation Date: 15 Nov 2017 (Yucca gloriosa L.) Page 1 of 21 TAXON: Yucca gloriosa L. -
Illustration Sources
APPENDIX ONE ILLUSTRATION SOURCES REF. CODE ABR Abrams, L. 1923–1960. Illustrated flora of the Pacific states. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. ADD Addisonia. 1916–1964. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Reprinted with permission from Addisonia, vol. 18, plate 579, Copyright © 1933, The New York Botanical Garden. ANDAnderson, E. and Woodson, R.E. 1935. The species of Tradescantia indigenous to the United States. Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Reprinted with permission of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. ANN Hollingworth A. 2005. Original illustrations. Published herein by the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth. Artist: Anne Hollingworth. ANO Anonymous. 1821. Medical botany. E. Cox and Sons, London. ARM Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1889–1912. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. BA1 Bailey, L.H. 1914–1917. The standard cyclopedia of horticulture. The Macmillan Company, New York. BA2 Bailey, L.H. and Bailey, E.Z. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Revised and expanded by the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. Reprinted with permission from William Crepet and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. BA3 Bailey, L.H. 1900–1902. Cyclopedia of American horticulture. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. BB2 Britton, N.L. and Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British posses- sions. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. BEA Beal, E.O. and Thieret, J.W. 1986. Aquatic and wetland plants of Kentucky. Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission, Frankfort. Reprinted with permission of Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. -
RECOMMENDED NATIVE PLANTS for LANDSCAPING in the TEXAS HILL COUNTRY Prepared by the Kerrville Chapter of the Native Plant Society of Texas
Native Plant Society of Texas RECOMMENDED Evergreen Yaupon* Ilex vomitoria A 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that promotes NATIVE PLANTS research, conservation and Prairie Verbena* utilization of native plants Verbena bipinnatifida and plant habitats of Texas FOR LANDSCAPING through education, out- reach and example. IN THE TEXAS HILL COUNTRY Prepared by Kerrville Chapter of the Native Plant Society of Texas Bald Cypress ** Taxodium distichum http://www.npsot.org/Kerrville/ Texas Madrone * Arbutus xalapensis Bur Oak ** Honey Locust ** Quercus macrocarpa Gleditsia triacanthos Buttonbush *** Cephalanthus occidentalis Evergreen Sumac * Rhus Virens * Sketches by Margaret Campbell. Courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin. For more information, please visit our website: ** Sketches by Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. http://www.npsot.org/Kerrville/ Courtesy of Kentucky Native Plant Society. Rev. March 2011 *** Courtesy of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. RECOMMENDED NATIVE PLANTS FOR LANDSCAPING IN THE TEXAS HILL COUNTRY Prepared by the Kerrville Chapter of the Native Plant Society of Texas This descriptive list of native plants was developed for The Kerrville Chapter the use of NPSOT Chapter members and new arrivals to of the Native Plant Society of Texas our community interested in our native flora. Our primary is dedicated to the understanding, criteria were that the plants listed should be: Table of Contents preservation and enjoyment of the native flora ● Suitable for landscaping in the Texas Hill Country of the Texas Hill Country. Information/References ............. Page 2 ● Available through commercial resources as Our chapter meets the container-grown plants or seeds Trees and Shrubs ...................... -
Appropriate Design Elements and Native Plant Selection
APPROPRIATE DESIGN ELEMENTS AND NATIVE PLANT SELECTION FOR LIVING ROOFS IN NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS by JONATHAN WILLIAM KINDER Bachelor of Science, 2006 Texas Christian University Fort Worth, Texas Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the College of Science and Engineering Texas Christian University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science May 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to sincerely thank everyone that helped us in this project, because it could not have been done without the support and collaborative efforts of many individuals and institutions. First, thanks to God; thanks to my beautiful wife for being my cheerleader, helper, and personal barista. Thanks to my parents, Gery and Shelley, and my family for their love. This thesis is a tribute to the support, values and everlasting encouragement you have given me. Thanks to Dr. Tony Burgess, a mentor and patient guide who helped me learn about plants and life; to Bob O’Kennon, our walking flora and guide; Dr. Michael Slattery for his expertise and departmental support, and for the opportunity to attend the GreenBuild conference which grew my knowledge of the industry beyond expectations. Thanks to Dave Williams, my resourceful partner in this project whose knowledge, cleverness and energy made our study a reality. Thanks to Rob Denkhaus and Susan Tuttle at the Fort Worth Nature Center and Refuge for plants, an area to work, research sites and friendship. I also want to thank Robert George, Pat Harrison, and all the staff at the Botanical Research Institute of Texas for being an indispensible resource and helping to give us a local voice; Lenee Weldon, my field buddy who has been there from the beginning; Molly Holden who gave us her help and knowledge, Bill Lundsford with Colbond Inc. -
From Megasporogenesis to Early Embryo Development Alejandra G
González‑Gutiérrez and Rodríguez‑Garay SpringerPlus (2016) 5:1804 DOI 10.1186/s40064-016-3528-z RESEARCH Open Access Embryogenesis in Polianthes tuberosa L var. Simple: from megasporogenesis to early embryo development Alejandra G. González‑Gutiérrez and Benjamín Rodríguez‑Garay* Abstract The genus Polianthes belongs to the subfamily Agavoideae of the Asparagaceae family formerly known as Agavaceae. The genus is endemic to México and comprises about 15 species, among them is Polianthes tuberosa L. The aim of this work was to study and characterize the embryo sac and early embryo development of this species in order to gener‑ ate basic knowledge for its use in taxonomy, in vitro fertilization and production of haploid plants and to complement studies already performed in other genera and species belonging to the Agavoideae sub-family. It was found that the normal development of the P. tuberosa var. Simple embryo sac follows a monosporic pattern of the Polygonum type and starts its development from the chalazal megaspore. At maturity, the embryo sac is of a pyriform shape with a chalazal haustorial tube where the antipodals are located, just below the hypostase, which connects the embryo sac with the nucellar tissue of the ovule. The central cell nucleus shows a high polarity, being located at the chalazal extreme of the embryo sac. The position of cells inside the P. tuberosa embryo sac may be useful for in depth studies about the double fertilization. Furthermore, it was possible to make a chronological description of the events that happen from fertilization and early embryo development to the initial development of the endosperm which was classified as of the helobial type. -
Gulf Prairies and Marshes Ecological Region
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES AND PRACTICES COMPREHENSIVE WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PLANNING GUIDELINES for the Gulf Prairies and Marshes Ecological Region Revised April 2010 The following Texas Parks & Wildlife Department staff have contributed to this document: Kirby Brown, Private Lands and Habitat Program Director (Retired) Gary Homerstad, Technical Guidance Biologist (Retired) Matt Wagner, Technical Guidance Biologist – College Station Jim Dillard, Technical Guidance Biologist – Mineral Wells (Retired) Linda Campbell, Program Director, Private Lands and Public Hunting Program -- Austin Linda McMurry, Private Lands and Public Hunting Program Assistant -- Austin With Additional Contributions From: Terry Turney, Rare Species Biologist, San Marcos Trey Carpenter, Manager -- Granger Wildlife Management Area Dale Prochaska, Private Lands Biologist – Kerr Wildlife Management Area Nathan Rains, Private Lands Biologist – Cleburne TABLE OF CONTENTS Comprehensive Wildlife Management Planning Guidelines Gulf Prairies and Marshes Ecological Region INTRODUCTION Specific Habitat Management Practices, by Activities HABITAT CONTROL EROSION CONTROL PREDATOR CONTROL PROVIDING SUPPLEMENTAL WATER PROVIDING SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROVIDING SUPPLEMENTAL SHELTER CENSUS APPENDICES APPENDIX A: General Habitat Management Considerations, Recommendations, and Intensity Levels APPENDIX B: Determining Qualification for Wildlife Management Use APPENDIX C: Wildlife Management Plan Overview APPENDIX D: Livestock Management Recommendations APPENDIX E: Vegetation Management -
Native Adapted Landscape Plants
Nativeand Adapted Landscape Plants ® City of Austin City of Texas AgriLife Extension Texas an earthwise guide for Central Texas Nativeand Adapted Landscape Plants an earthwise guide for Central Texas This guide was developed to help you in your efforts to protect and preserve our water resources. Index Key Trees ......................................................... 3 Native to: Water: E - Edwards Plateau: Shallow lime- Refers to the plant’s water needs after they Small Trees / Large Shrubs ....................... 6 stone or caliche soil (generally on are established. All plants require more water the west side of Austin) when first planted Shrubs ....................................................... 12 B - Blackland Prairie: Deeper, dark clay soils (generally on the central VL - Very Low (Water occasion- and east side of Austin) ally during very dry conditions) Perennials ................................................. 22 B/E - Native to both Blackland Prairie L - Low (Water thoroughly every and Edwards Plateau 3-4 weeks if no rainfall) Yuccas/Agaves/Succulents/Cacti/Sotols .... 36 T - Texas (outside of the immediate M - Medium (Water thoroughly Austin area) every 2-3 weeks if no rainfall) Ornamental Grasses .................................. 38 X - Hybrid plant with native H - High (Water thoroughly Texas parentage every 5-7 days if no rainfall) Vines ......................................................... 40 For additional native plant information, visit the Wildlife: plant section of the Lady Bird Johnson Wild- Groundcovers -
Yucca from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Yucca From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Yucca is a genus of perennial shrubs and trees in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae.[2] Its 40-50 species are notable for Yucca their rosettes of evergreen, tough, sword-shaped leaves and large terminal panicles of white or whitish flowers. They are native to the hot and dry (arid) parts of North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. Early reports of the species were confused with the cassava (Manihot esculenta).[3] Consequently, Linnaeus mistakenly derived the generic name from the Carib word for the latter, yuca (spelt with a single "c").[4] It is also colloquially known in the Midwest United States as "ghosts in the graveyard", as it is commonly found growing in rural graveyards and when in bloom the flowers appear as floating apparitions. Contents 1 Distribution 2 Ecology Yucca filamentosa in New Zealand 3 Uses 4 Cultivation Scientific classification 5 Symbolism 6 Species Kingdom: Plantae 7 Taxonomic arrangement Clade: Angiosperms 8 Cultivars 9 Gallery Clade: Monocots 10 References Order: Asparagales 11 External links Family: Asparagaceae Subfamily: Agavoideae Distribution Genus: Yucca L. The natural distribution range of the genus Yucca (49 species and 24 subspecies) covers a vast area of North and Central America. From Baja Species California in the west, northwards into the southwestern United States, through the drier central states as far north as Alberta in Canada (Yucca See text. glauca ssp. albertana), and moving east along the Gulf of Mexico, and then north again, through the Atlantic coastal and inland neighbouring Synonyms states. To the south, the genus is represented throughout Mexico and extends into Guatemala (Yucca guatemalensis). -
Sistemática Y Biogeografía De Yucca (Agavoideae, Asparagaceae) Laboratorio De Sistemática Vegetal Responsable Dr. Eloy
SISTEMÁTICA FILOGENÉTICA, BIOGEOGRAFÍA Y RELACIÓN SUELO-PLANTA DE YUCCA (AGAVOIDEAE, ASPARAGACEAE) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Unidad de Investigación en Sistemática Vegetal y Suelo Responsable Dr. Eloy Solano Camacho, [email protected] Corresponsables: M. en C. Ramiro Ríos Gómez, M. en C. María Magdalena Ayala H., M. en C. Héctor Serrano Casas Colaboradores: M. en C. Miguel Rivera Lugo, QFI. Ma. Luz López Martínez Introducción Yucca es un género americano conformado por 35 a 49 especies distribuidas desde el suroeste de Canadá hasta Guatemala (Matuda y Piña, 1980). La mayor riqueza de especies se ubica en las zonas áridas y semiáridas del sur de Estados Unidos y norte de México (Clary, 1997). Las yucas habitan preferentemente en el matorral xerófilo, no obstante, también se localizan en los bosques tropicales o templados, y en raras ocasiones se observan en las dunas. En México se encuentra más del 60% de las especies , y 50% de ellas son endémicas (García-Mend., 2011). Sus flores, frutos y el pedúnculo floral son un alimento común en varias regiones de la República, las hojas se usan para techar casas y con sus fibras son elaborados diversos utensilios. Las especies de este género no han sido bien delimitadas, diversos autores en función de criterios diferentes utilizados han propuesto distintas clasificaciones. Se han realizado estudios anatómicos, citogenéticos y filogenéticos de algunas especies. En la actualidad no existe un análisis filogenético de Yucca que incluya a todos los taxa, y que combine caracteres moleculares, citométricos, morfológicos, anatómicos y biogeográficos, que permitan resolver la problemática taxonómica de este género complejo. -
Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Mclennan County, Texas
Hannick, V.C., J.N. Mink, J.R. Singhurst, and W.C. Holmes. 2013. Annotated checklist of the vascular flora of McLennan County, Texas. Phytoneuron 2013–29: 1-37. Published 2 May 2013. ISSN 2153 733X ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR FLORA OF M CLENNAN COUNTY, TEXAS VANESSA C. HANNICK Department of Biology Baylor University Waco, Texas 76798-7388 JEFFREY N. MINK Department of Biology McLennan Community College 1400 College Drive Waco, Texas 76708 [email protected] [email protected] JASON R. SINGHURST Wildlife Diversity Program Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 4200 Smith School Road Austin, Texas 78704 WALTER C. HOLMES Department of Biology Baylor University Waco, Texas 76798-7388 [email protected] ABSTRACT An inventory of the vascular flora of McLennan County, Texas, located in northern east- central portion of the state, has resulted in the documentation of 1145 species from 127 families. McLennan County contains three physiographic areas: Blackland Prairie, Grand Prairie (which includes the Lampasas Cut Plain/Washita Uplands), and the East Cross Timbers. The plant list includes 32 species that are endemic to Texas and 388 species that are county records. The most noteworthy species is Cheilanthes lanosa, the only Texas record for the species. KEY WORDS : Texas, McLennan County, floristics Published works discussing the flora of McLennan County date back to 1892 with an article (“popular account”) by E.N. Plank in Garden and Forest . The sole effort to describe the flora of the county was by Lula Pace, former Professor of Botany at Baylor University, who published a list of the flora of the county in the University of Texas Bulletin in 1923 (Adkins 1923). -
Embryo Sac Formation and Early Embryo Development In
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Springer - Publisher Connector González-Gutiérrez et al. SpringerPlus 2014, 3:575 http://www.springerplus.com/content/3/1/575 a SpringerOpen Journal RESEARCH Open Access Embryo sac formation and early embryo development in Agave tequilana (Asparagaceae) Alejandra G González-Gutiérrez, Antonia Gutiérrez-Mora and Benjamín Rodríguez-Garay* Abstract Agave tequilana is an angiosperm species that belongs to the family Asparagaceae (formerly Agavaceae). Even though there is information regarding to some aspects related to the megagametogenesis of A. tequilana, this is the first report describing the complete process of megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, the early embryo and endosperm development process in detail. The objective of this work was to study and characterize all the above processes and the distinctive morphological changes of the micropylar and chalazal extremes after fertilization in this species. The agave plant material for the present study was collected from commercial plantations in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Ovules and immature seeds, previously fixed in FAA and kept in ethanol 70%, were stained based on a tissue clarification technique by using a Mayer’s-Hematoxylin solution. The tissue clarification technique was successfully used for the characterization of the megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, mature embryo sac formation, the early embryo and endosperm development processes by studying intact cells. The embryo sac of A. tequilana was confirmed to be of the monosporic Polygonum-type and an helobial endosperm formation. Also, the time-lapse of the developmental processes studied was recorded. Keywords: Agavaceae; Chalazal haustorium; Helobial endosperm; Hypostase; Megagametogenesis; Megasporogenesis; Polygonum-type Background et al.