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Appendix A Approved Plant List T COMMON NAME RATING HEIGHT SPREAD LIGHT EVERGREEN/ DECIDUOUS FLOWER SEASON COLOR WATER MAINTENANCE TEXAS NATIVE WILDLIFE DEER RESISTAN GENERAL COMMENTS LARGE TREES Arizona Cypress 2 25-50' 25-50' Sun E Blue-silver L Prune for shape Triangular shaped foliage; well Cupressus arizonica foliage only suited to limestone soils; attractive peeling red bark; some disease problems Big Tooth Maple 1 20-30' 20-30' Sun/ part D Red and M Prune for shape or + Needs good soil depth; Acer grandidentatum shade gold fall to raise canopy. outstanding fall color foliage Cherry Laurel 2 25'-30' 15-25' Sun/part E Dark M Prune for shape Screening plant, wildlife food; Prunus caroliniana shade green only and/or to raise does not like hot, dry locations; foliage canopy requires deep soil and good drainage or is susceptible to chlorosis; too vigorous to use as a hedge Chinese Pistache 2 25-40' 25-40' Sun D Burgundy M Prune for shape or Compact when older; Pistacia chinensis red fall to raise canopy moderate growth rate; long- foliage lived; can be invasive; tall and lanky when young, but fills out Crape Myrtle 2 4'-25' 4'-20' Sun D Summer White, M Prune for shape or Showy flowers; choose Lagerstroemia indica pink, to raise canopy; do mildew-resistant varieties, lavender not chop tops! many of which are named after flowers; Native American tribes, e.g., varied fall Sioux, Hopi; trees need good foliage air flow; note mature size when selecting variety Cypress, Bald 1 60-100' 25-50+ Sun/ part D Copper H Pruning not + Use western seed source only; Taxodium distichum shade leaves in necessary requires deep, moist soil fall conditions and moisture; foliage dries up in dry, hot location Eastern Walnut 50' 40' sun N Fall Varied M Prune for shape or provides shade; edible nut; Juglans nigra leaves to raise canopy. roots give off toxins Elm, American 50-80' sun/party N Fall Varied M Prune for shape or ; Fast-growing, easily Ulmus americana shade leaves to raise canopy. transplanted; will grow in many situations; shallow roots; weak wood; susceptible to Dutch Elm and other diseases and bugs Elm, Cedar 1 25-50' 25-35' Sun/ part D Gold L Prune for shape or + Upright form; adapted to rocky Ulmus crassifolia shade leaves in to raise canopy soils; can withstand heavy, fall poorly drained clay soils and soils that are moderately compacted; susceptible to powdery mildew Elm, Lacebark 2 30-40' 30-40' Sun DMPrune for shape or Nearly evergreen; open Ulmus parvifolia to raise canopy. spreading form; attractive exfoliating bark; drought tolerant; Escarpment Black 2 25-50' to 25' Sun D Yellow fall M Prune for shape or + Fruit bearing, wildlife food; not Cherry foliage to raise canopy for heavy, clay soils; foliage Prunus serotina var. may be toxic and can be fatal if eximia consumed; relatively short- lived Honey Mesquite 1 25'-30' 25-30' Sun D March- Creamy L Prune for shape or + 2-3" long blooms; bright green Prosopis glandulosa Sept. white to raise canopy foliage and weeping shape; very slow growing; thorns; excellent nectar source Italian Cypress 2 25-30' 10-15' Sun E Dark M Low maintenance specimen Cupressus green plant; requires well drained, siempervirens foliage alkaline soil and good air circulation; indicative of Italian gardens. 20 Appendix A Approved Plant List T COMMON NAME RATING HEIGHT SPREAD LIGHT EVERGREEN/ DECIDUOUS FLOWER SEASON COLOR WATER MAINTENANCE TEXAS NATIVE WILDLIFE DEER RESISTAN GENERAL COMMENTS Oak, Blackjack 2 50' 45' Sun/part DLAvoid pruning or Needs well drained soil Quercus marilandica shade injuring the bark from February 1 to June 1 to help prevent oak wilt Oak, Bur 2 50'+ 50'+ Sun/part DMPrune for shape or + Large, majestic, very Quercus macrocarpa shade to raise canopy adaptable, needs lots of space; moderate growth rate; susceptible to powdery mildew Oak, Chinquapin 1 50'+ 25-50' Sun/part DMPrune for shape or + Stately form; good for deeper Quercus muhlenbergii shade to raise canopy soils; requires additional water until established; moderate growth rate Oak, Durand to 90' to 60' sun NLPrune for shape or ; likes hard limestone; solitary Quercus sinuata to raise canopy. Oak, Escarpment Live 1 30-40' 40'+ Sun/part ELAvoid pruning or + Preferred Live Oak for Quercus fusiformis shade injuring the bark shallow, limestone soils; oak from February 1 to wilt susceptible June 1 to help prevent oak wilt Oak, Lacey 1 20-30' 25' Sun/part D Bluish- L Prune for shape or + Ideal for small urban yards; Quercus glaucoides shade green to raise canopy slow growth; tolerates foliage shallow, limestone soil Oak, Southern Live 2 30'-50' 50'+ Sun/part ELAvoid pruning or Oak wilt susceptible; likes Quercus virginiana shade injuring the bark large open spaces; if you live from February 1 to west on shallow soil, use June 1 to help Escarpment Live Oak prevent oak wilt Oak, Monterey 1 30'-40' ELPrune for shape Medium size leaves, (Mexican White) only and/or to raise handsome tree; perfers deep Quercus polymorpha canopy soil Oak, Shumard 2 50'+ 50'+ Sun D Red L Avoid pruning or Deep, well drained soil; if you Quercus shumardii foliage in injuring the bark live west on shallow soil, use fall from February 1 to Texas Red Oak instead June 1 to help prevent oak wilt Oak, Texas Red 1 25-50' to 25' Sun/part D Bright red/ L Avoid pruning or + Well adapted to rocky soils; Quercus texana shade orange fall injuring the bark susceptible to oak wilt; (Quercus buckleyi) foliage from February 1 to outstanding tree June 1 to help prevent oak wilt Pecan 2 50'+ 50'+ Sun DMPrune for shape or + Tall impressive tree; nut Carya illinoiensis to raise canopy producing; for good, deep soils only; susceptible to disease and insects Texas Ash 1 40'-50' 40' Sun/part DLPrune for shape or + Fast-growing; only Ash Fraxinus texensis shade to raise canopy appropriate for Austin area; foliage turns bronze/ yellow/mauve muted tones in fall 21 Appendix A Approved Plant List T COMMON NAME RATING HEIGHT SPREAD LIGHT EVERGREEN/ DECIDUOUS FLOWER SEASON COLOR WATER MAINTENANCE TEXAS NATIVE WILDLIFE DEER RESISTAN GENERAL COMMENTS SMALL TREES/LARGE SHRUBS American Smoke Tree 1 15' 10-15' Sun/ part D Mid- Pink to M Prune for shape + Prefers well drained, rocky Cotinus obovatus shade spring purple only or to raise limestone soils; plant facing cloud-like canopy north or east; does best with a floral break from the hot afternoon display sun Anacacho Orchid Tree 1 8-12' 8-10' Sun/ part D March- White or L Prune for shape Prefers well drained soil; Bauhinia congesta shade May pale pink only or to raise small, light green leaves look canopy like cloven hooves Carolina Buckthorn 1 12-15' 15' Sun/ part D Yellow ML Prune for shape Understory tree with glossy Rhamnus caroliniana shade foliage in only or to raise leaves, red berries for wildlife; fall canopy needs moisture Chitalpa 15-25' full sun N Lavender, M Prune for shape susceptible to Alterneria leaf Chitalpa pink and only or to raise spot, leaf blight, wilt and tashkentensis white canopy premature defoliation Desert Willow 1 15-25' 15-20' Sun/ part D Spring to White, L Prune for shape + Trumpet-shaped, 3" long Chilopsis linearis shade fall pink or only or to raise flower; need well-drained site; burgundy canopy airy foliage casts a light shade for under-plantings Eve's Necklace 1 10-15' 10' Sun/part D Spring Pink L Prune for shape + 4 - 6" drooping clusters; will Sophora affinis shade only or to raise tolerate poorly drained, clay canopy soils; good nectar plant Flameleaf Sumac 1 10'-20' 10-15' Sun/part D Orange/ L Prune for shape Food for bees, mammals, and Rhus copallina shade red fall only or to raise birds; thicket-forming; good for foliage canopy wildscapes Goldenball Leadtree 1 12'-15' 12-15' Sun/part D April to Gold L Prune for shape + 1" round globes; fragrant; Leucaena retusa shade October only or to raise blooms fairly fast growing; airy canopy foliage casts light shade for underplantings; deer browse leaves Mexican Buckeye 1 15-25' 15-25' Sun/part D Early Pink L Prune for shape + 1" bloom; fragrant; multi-trunk; Ungnadia speciosa shade spring only or to raise shrubby; does well as canopy right after understory plant bloom Mexican Plum 1 15-25' 8-10' Sun/part D Spring White L Prune for shape + Edible fruit; needs good Prunus mexicana shade only or to raise drainage and fair amount of canopy soil; short-lived Mountain Laurel, 1 12-20' 8-10' Sun/part E Spring Purple VL Prune for shape + Showy flowers with strong Texas Sophora shade only or to raise grape bubble gum fragrance; secundiflora canopy poisonous seeds; needs good drainage; occasional caterpillar problems Pomegranate 2 10' 8' Sun/ part D Orange L Prune for shape Bears edible fruit Punica granatum shade flowers; only or to raise yellow fall canopy color Possumhaw Holly 1 12-15' 12' Sun/part DMPrune for shape + Striking red berries on bare Ilex decidua shade only or to raise branches in winter canopy Red Buckeye 1 10-20' 10-20' Sun/ part D Early to Bright red L Prune for shape + + Flashy bloomer; appropriate Aesculus pavia shade late flowers only or to raise for wildscapes; provides spring canopy right after wildlife food but is toxic to bloom humans; loses leaves in late summer; best as understory tree Redbud, Mexican 1 20' 8' Sun D Early Pinkish VL Prune for shape + Twigs and petioles covered Cercis canadensis spring purple only or to raise with dense fuzz; leaves have 'mexicana' canopy wavy edges; likes well drained sites; more drought tolerant and smaller than Texas Redbud Redbud, Texas 1 10-25' 15' Sun/part D Early Pinkish L Prune for shape + Can be short lived; Mexican Cercis canadensis shade spring purple only or to raise Redbud is smaller; has shiny var.
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  • Embryo Sac Formation and Early Embryo Development In

    Embryo Sac Formation and Early Embryo Development In

    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Springer - Publisher Connector González-Gutiérrez et al. SpringerPlus 2014, 3:575 http://www.springerplus.com/content/3/1/575 a SpringerOpen Journal RESEARCH Open Access Embryo sac formation and early embryo development in Agave tequilana (Asparagaceae) Alejandra G González-Gutiérrez, Antonia Gutiérrez-Mora and Benjamín Rodríguez-Garay* Abstract Agave tequilana is an angiosperm species that belongs to the family Asparagaceae (formerly Agavaceae). Even though there is information regarding to some aspects related to the megagametogenesis of A. tequilana, this is the first report describing the complete process of megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, the early embryo and endosperm development process in detail. The objective of this work was to study and characterize all the above processes and the distinctive morphological changes of the micropylar and chalazal extremes after fertilization in this species. The agave plant material for the present study was collected from commercial plantations in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Ovules and immature seeds, previously fixed in FAA and kept in ethanol 70%, were stained based on a tissue clarification technique by using a Mayer’s-Hematoxylin solution. The tissue clarification technique was successfully used for the characterization of the megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, mature embryo sac formation, the early embryo and endosperm development processes by studying intact cells. The embryo sac of A. tequilana was confirmed to be of the monosporic Polygonum-type and an helobial endosperm formation. Also, the time-lapse of the developmental processes studied was recorded. Keywords: Agavaceae; Chalazal haustorium; Helobial endosperm; Hypostase; Megagametogenesis; Megasporogenesis; Polygonum-type Background et al.