DOCSLIB.ORG

TERT Mrna for Telomere Extension to Treat Fatal Diseases and Aging

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TERT Mrna for Telomere Extension to Treat Fatal Diseases and Aging TERT mRNA for telomere extension to treat fatal diseases and aging Aging or disease TERT mRNA [email protected] Rejuvenation Technologies Inc. © 2021 Why aging? • Aging is the strongest risk factor for all age- related diseases • Telomeres are a cellular Deaths per 100,000per Deaths aging clock Age: • Telomere extension From: The Milbank Quarterly, Vol. 80 No. 1, 2002, from US 1997 Vital Statistics resets the aging clock 2 Prepared for Rejuvenation Tech Investors The road to healthspan extension Market Liver $30B Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic Hepatitis Lung • Safety & efficacy data $10B Interstitial Lung Disease including IPF • Capital Blood $10B Cytopenia, Neutropenia Whole body Clinical Trial Endpoints: • Improved function (6 months) $1T+ AGING • Delayed all-cause mortality (2 years) • Longer healthspan (Phase IV) 3 Prepared for Rejuvenation Tech Investors mRNA therapies have come of age Jan. 2020 Market caps Jan. 2021 • 2020 was the year mRNA worked Moderna $65B • $100B in value created $6B • We invented a way to reset the aging clock using mRNA BioNTech $27B • In 2020 we achieved proof-of- concept in mice $7B Translate Bio $1.9B • Series A to gain IND clearance for first-in-human studies $0.4B 4 Prepared for Rejuvenation Tech Investors Summary • TERT mRNA: our patented method to extend telomeres • One dose reverses a decade of telomere shortening • Lead indications: fatal diseases of liver and lung • TERT mRNA extends survival by 42% and reduces liver fibrosis by 25% in mice • First FDA meeting Q2 2021 5 Prepared for Rejuvenation Tech Investors Short telomeres are deadly • Telomeres protect chromosome tips but shorten each time cells divide • When telomeres become too short cells can’t divide • If cells can divide, patients stay alive If cells can’t divide, patients die Prepared for Rejuvenation Tech Investors TERT mRNA enables cells to divide more Human cell growth curves (in vitro) 100 Treatment 4 3 + 1 90 treatments 80 3 treatments 2 treatments 70 Treatments 1 treatment 60 1-3 50 40 TERT mRNA increases the proliferative capacity of cells 30 Population doubling doubling (n) Population 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Day 7 Prepared for Rejuvenation Tech Investors Reset cellular clock with TERT mRNA Telomere shortening mechanism remains intact Length at birth Telomere length Telomere catastrophe TERT mRNA TERT mRNA Dosing Schedule Telomere extension rate Disease risk Time (years) 8 Prepared for Rejuvenation Tech Investors How TERT mRNA extends telomeres 5’ UTR Poly-A Tail Cap TERT mRNA 3’ UTR Delivery by lipid nanoparticles TERT mRNA Translation Functional TERT protein Telomere extension Modified Nucleosides Cell Cell 9 Prepared for Rejuvenation Tech Investors TERT mRNA advantages 5’ UTR Poly-A Tail TERT mRNA avoids the problems of other Cap approaches: 3’ UTR ✓ Safe TERT DNA gene therapy • Genomic integration, continuous TERT ✓ Transient expression • Immortalizing, unsafe ✓ Fast-acting • AAV causes genomic integration (Kaeppel, 2013) in tens of millions of cells per dose ✓ Telomere-specific • Companies: Telocyte, Libella ✓ Non-integrating Small molecule TERT activators • Screens since 1998 ✓ Non-immortalizing • Slow and ineffective • Chronic dosing, chronic activation ✓ Hypoimmunogenic • Companies: Sierra Sciences, TA Sciences ✓ Avoids the problems that Other genes • Transient expression of zscan4 for two days continue to stymie other generates cancer stem cells (Portney, 2020) valiant efforts • Company: Elixirgen 10 Prepared for Rejuvenation Tech Investors Pipeline INDICATION RESEARCH IN VIVO EFFICACY IND-ENABLING PHASE I Aging AGING Liver cirrhosis* TERT-101 2022 One formulation for LIVER Alcoholic hepatitis TERT-101 2022 multiple indications Pulmonary fibrosis* TERT-201 LUNG Hematopoietic stem cells Mesenchymal stem cells EX VIVO * Patients with TERT mutations, subpopulation available 11 Prepared for Rejuvenation Tech Investors Target milestones Months post close 0 6 12 18 24 FDA INTERACT (liver) Pre-IND meeting (liver) IND clearance (liver) Pre-IND meeting (lung) 12 Prepared for Rejuvenation Tech Investors [email protected] Rejuvenation Technologies Inc. © 2021 13.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lengthened Telomeres Restore Immune System to a Younger State
    Dear friend, you are presumably here to find out more information on TA-65 telomeres and telomerase. This page contains just a small amount of what I have written about the topics but, many times the questions I get are the same. Here you will find the answers to many of the more frequently asked questions that I could not cover on the TA-65 page. Please note: I kept many of them in “post format” as they were originally published on the internet. Lengthened telomeres restore immune system to a younger state New study is the first ever Peer-Reviewed Report of a Telomerase Activator taken by live humans. New York, NY (September 8, 2010) — A pioneering study published in the Rejuvenation Research Journal today shows that TA-65, a natural Telomerase Activator made and marketed by Telomerase Activation Sciences, Inc. (“T.A. Sciences”), reduces the percentage of short telomeres in immune cells and restores and remodels the aging human immune system to be more like that of a younger individual. The year-long study of the first 100 clients of T.A. Sciences found that TA-65, a nutritional supplement marketed only through specialized doctors, had been successful in lengthening shortened telomeres. Telomeres are sequences of DNA, located at the ends of all chromosomes, which serve as cellular clocks of aging. Every time a cell divides, telomeres shorten until they become critically short, and the cell either stops functioning properly or dies. By activating a gene that is normally turned off, TA-65 has been shown to activate the enzyme telomerase.
    [Show full text]
  • Business Plan Reverse Aging Through Telomere Lengthening Contents
    Business Plan Reverse Aging Through Telomere Lengthening Contents Road Map Expectation 24 Business Summary 3 TAM Clinical Studies 14 Requested Investment 25 Company 4 Our Research Team 5, 6 Defytime Bill Andrews Cosmeceutical Estimated Sales 24,25,26,27,28,29,30 Telomeres 7 Telomerase 8 Aging Care Capsules 15 Defytime Aging Care Cream 16 Non-medicated Item Estimated Sales 31, 32 What is Aging? 9 Defytime Eye Serum 17 Cash Flow Analysis Assumptions 33 Causes & Treatment of Aging 10 - Telomerase InductionAnti Aging Therapeutic Defytime Deep Skin Express 18 About Nano-bubble Clinic 34 11 Defytime Aqua Oil Drops 19 Nano-bubble Clinic Estimated Sales 35 - Telomerase Induction Defytime TAM Spray 20 Defytime Estimated Sales 36 Nano Bubbled Solution 12 Defytime Facial Mask 21 Defytime Limited Valuation 37, 38 TAM CO314818 13 Brand Marketing Strategy 22 Company & Brand Structure 39 SWOT Analysis 23 Proposed Summary Terms 40 Company Structure 41 Business Plan 2 Business Summary We have developed a genuine Our objectives are: anti aging solution called TAM • To create products with TAM (Telomerase Activating Molecule) as an active ingredient We now have a range of anti aging • To launch non-medicated and skin care products to introduce to the cosmetic market products: aging care capsule, oral spray and dermal products • VVIP anti aging tour business • To create telomere lengthening oral & dermal products for anti aging, aging care, and sell Defytime products through high end sales channels • To develop further premium anti aging products with TAM and non-medicated products • South Pacific & NZ Clinic could provide genuine anti aging services to VVIP anti aging tour groups Business Plan 3 Company Defytime Ltd is headquartered in Auckland New Zealand, with labs research and development in Reno, Nevada USA Our goal is to reverse the human aging process and cure diseases linked to aging by activating telomerase and thus extending telomeres, leading the cells to return to a state of youthful gene expression and function This cutting-edge research is led by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Exhibit B: Health Practitioner Magazine Advertisement
    SUMMER 2011 ( HEALTHY AGING H l1st1c PnmaryCare 7 Telomerase Activation, Inhibition of Cellular Aging Becomes a Clinical Reality In 2009, Elizabeth Blackbum, Carol Greider, and amounts. if any at all In order to induce telomer­ telomerase on enough you might not only slow What's the ideal human telomere length? Jack Szostak established a cornerstone principle ase activity, one needs relatively large doses ofthe the aging process. you could potentially reverse ' The longer the better!' said Dr. Andrews. not­ of cell biology: cellular longevity is governed by purified compound This makes TA65, sold only it This has been demonstrated in mice but not ing that there are several ways to assess telo­ the length of telomeres, the DNA caps on the through healthcare professionals. an expensive yet In humans.' meres. The easiest way is to look at average ends of chromosomes. Telomere length, in turn, option. Geron, Dr. Andrews' old employer, is renew­ length in blood cells-a relatively inexpen­ Is regulated by an enzyme called telomerase. Alow dose protocol will cost roughly S1.200 ing Its search fortelomerase activators. Early in sive test available from Spectracell www. In short, when telomerase activity is high, so per 6-month period; the high dose protocol is 2010, the company published the first animal spectracell.com). But this will not tell you how is telomere length, and this delays cellular $4,000. TA Sciences estimates that approximately data on aproprietary compoundcalled"TATl 53,' short are the shortest telomeres. senescence.Articulation of this principle earned 2,0C,:, people are OON taking TA65.The company being developed as a drug for the treatment of Several labs, including Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Business Plan Reverse Aging Through Telomere Lengthening Contents
    Business Plan Reverse Aging Through Telomere Lengthening Contents Road Map Expectation 24 Business Summary 3 TAM Clinical Studies 14 Requested Investment 25 Company 4 Our Research Team 5, 6 Defytime Bill Andrews Cosmeceutical Estimated Sales 24,25,26,27,28,29,30 Telomeres 7 Telomerase 8 Aging Care Capsules 15 Defytime Aging Care Cream 16 Non-medicated Item Estimated Sales 31, 32 What is Aging? 9 Defytime Eye Serum 17 Cash Flow Analysis Assumptions 33 Causes & Treatment of Aging 10 - Telomerase InductionAnti Aging Therapeutic Defytime Deep Skin Express 18 About Nano-bubble Clinic 34 11 Defytime Aqua Oil Drops 19 Nano-bubble Clinic Estimated Sales 35 - Telomerase Induction Defytime TAM Spray 20 Defytime Estimated Sales 36 Nano Bubbled Solution 12 Defytime Facial Mask 21 Defytime Limited Valuation 37, 38 TAM CO314818 13 Brand Marketing Strategy 22 Company & Brand Structure 39 SWOT Analysis 23 Proposed Summary Terms 40 Company Structure 41 Business Plan 2 Business Summary We have developed a genuine Our objectives are: anti aging solution called TAM • To create products with TAM (Telomerase Activating Molecule) as an active ingredient We now have a range of anti aging • To launch non-medicated and skin care products to introduce to the cosmetic market products: aging care capsule, oral spray and dermal products • VVIP anti aging tour business • To create telomere lengthening oral & dermal products for anti aging, aging care, and sell Defytime products through high end sales channels • To develop further premium anti aging products with TAM and non-medicated products • South Pacific & NZ Clinic could provide genuine anti aging services to VVIP anti aging tour groups Business Plan 3 Company Defytime Ltd is headquartered in Auckland New Zealand, with labs research and development in Reno, Nevada USA Our goal is to reverse the human aging process and cure diseases linked to aging by activating telomerase and thus extending telomeres, leading the cells to return to a state of youthful gene expression and function This cutting-edge research is led by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • William H Andrews
    William H Andrews, J Yoga Phys Ther 2018, Volume 8 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7595-C1-001 4th World Chinese Medicine, Yoga & Mental Health Congress September 17-18, 2018 | San Diego, USA William H Andrews Sierra Sciences, USA I think, therefore i am young elomere lengths are rapidly becoming the best measure of aging that the field has ever seen. Telomeres are found at the Ttips of our chromosomes and have been shown to shorten as we age. Recent studies by my lab and others have shown that lengthening telomeres reverses aging and declining health in human cells grown in culture as well as in engineered mice. Treatments to lengthen telomeres in humans do not exist yet. In the meantime, studies suggest that slowing down the rate of telomere shortening slows down the rate of aging and extends human healthspan and lifespan. One of the most powerful ways to slow down the rate of telomere shortening has been shown in scientific peer-reviewed studies to be through yoga and meditation. The mechanism of action of mindfulness on the rate of telomere shortening is still being investigated, but I plan to describe the studies that have already been done and those that are in progress to show the strong correlation that exists. Mindfulness through yoga and meditation may be one of the best things we can do to stay young and healthy for as long as possible. Biography William H Andrews has worked in the biotech industry for 34 years focusing the last 22 years on finding ways to extend human lifespan through the intervention of telomere shortening in human cells.
    [Show full text]
  • The Immortality Promise
    PART ONE The Immortality Promise COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL CCH001.inddH001.indd 1199 110/21/100/21/10 88:14:29:14:29 PPMM CCH001.inddH001.indd 2200 110/21/100/21/10 88:14:29:14:29 PPMM 1 The Aging Cure I s aging a disease or a natural process that has existed forever? You may be surprised to learn that aging has not existed forever. Approximately four and a half billion years ago, a single cell came into existence that was the progenitor of every living organism that has existed on our planet ever since. This single cell did not age; it had the capacity to divide indefi nitely. It could produce an infi nite number of copies of itself, and it would not die until some outside environmental event, such as an erupting volcano, killed it. The ancestry of every living cell in your body can be traced back to this very fi rst cell. This lineage is called the cell ’ s germ line . Three billion years after the fi rst cell appeared, some of the cells from this germ line began to form multicellular organisms, such as worms, insects, fi sh, and fi nally humans. The germ line was passed from one generation to the next, and it remained immortal. Even with the inclusion of multicellular organisms, the germ line itself showed no signs of aging. 21 CCH001.inddH001.indd 2211 110/21/100/21/10 88:14:29:14:29 PPMM 22 the immortality edge However, the cells that form the body of an organism, called somatic cells , began to age.
    [Show full text]
  • Immortal Press Kit Final 040610
    IMMORTAL Press kit Contents: SYNOPSES 1 1 PAGE SYNOPSIS 1 1 LINE SYNOPSIS 2 1 PARAGRAPH SYNOPSIS 2 THE SCIENCE 3 TELOMERES AND TELOMERASE 3 KEY SCIENTISTS 4 PROF ELIZABETH BLACKBURN – CURIOUS TO UNCOVER “HOW LIFE WORKS” 5 PROF CAROL GREIDER – HUNTER WHO CAUGHT THE IMMORTALISING ENZYME 6 DR BILL ANDREWS – DETERMINED TO “CURE AGING OR DIE TRYING” 6 DR DEAN ORNISH MD – DIET AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE GURU TO THE STARS 7 PROF LEONARD HAYFLICK – PIONEER OF CELL AGING 7 DR CALVIN HARLEY - LINKED TELOMERE SHORTENING TO HUMAN AGING 7 DR MICHAEL WEST – “TURNING BACK THE CLOCK” IN HUMAN CELLS 8 MR NOEL PATTON – LIFE EXTENSION ENTREPRENEUR 8 DR MARY ARMANIOS MD – SHEDDING LIGHT ON ‘PREMATURE AGING’ 8 DR ELISSA EPEL – STUDYING HOW STRESS LITERALLY GETS UNDER YOUR SKIN 9 DR ANGELA BROOKS-WILSON – STUDYING CANADA’S ‘SUPER-SENIORS’ 9 THE PARTICIPANTS 10 DAL RICHARDS – ‘SUPER SENIOR’ SAXOPHONIST 10 RAE NEWSOME – TEENAGER WITH THE LUNGS OF AN OLD MAN 10 PAULETTE SOLT – AGING PREMATURELY DUE TO CHRONIC STRESS 10 JACK MCCLURE – TAKING CONTROL OF HIS OWN TELOMERES 10 DIRECTORS STATEMENT 12 KEY PRODUCTION TEAM 12 DIRECTOR: SONYA PEMBERTON 13 PRODUCER: TONY WRIGHT 13 DOP: HARRY PANAGIOTIDIS 13 EDITOR: WAYNE HYETT 13 PRODUCTION DETAILS 14 CONTACT DETAILS 14 PUBLICIST 13 PRODUCTION COMPANY 13 IMMORTAL SYNOPSIS Can it possibly be true? Could scientists really have discovered the secret to endless youth? Is there really such a thing as an 'immortalising' enzyme, a chemical catalyst that can keep cells young forever? A team of scientists, lead by the remarkable Australian-born Professor Elizabeth Blackburn, believe the answer to be YES.
    [Show full text]
  • Immortalists Writing Prompts
    Page 1 of 5 Reflections on The Immortalists (A Tri-C Common Reading Program Assignment) Due: ________ Original Discussion Board Post: ___ points (minimum length: 250 words) Three Response Posts: 3 @ __ points each = ___ points (minimum length per response: 50 words) Assignment (for all options): Step 1: Watch the following film trailer: http://www.imdb.com/video/screenplay/vi2648616729 Step 2: View the full film (1 hours, 20 minutes): The Immortalists. Dir. David Alvarado and Jason Sussberg. Gaiam, 2014. The film is being shown on Tri-C’s Western Campus on the following days: . Sept. 30 (Wednesday) @ 9:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. Location: WSS G-04A . October 1st (Thursday) @ Noon and 2:00 p.m. Location: WSS G-04A and G-04B Alternatively, your instructor may choose to show you the film during class. Or, you can access the film personally through various digital services, including Amazon Instant Video, iTunes, Xbox Video, Google play, nook, and hoopla. Step 3: Select ONE of the writing prompt options below and respond to it in a thoughtful 250 – 300 word reflection. Step 4: Post your reflection to our class Blackboard site, in the appropriate Discussion Board forum. Step 5: Respond to any three (3) of your classmates’ original posts in that same forum. (The minimum length for each response post is 50 words.) Please see the class guidelines and rubric for Discussion Board posts and response posts. Page 2 of 5 ASSIGNMENT OPTIONS: SELECT JUST ONE Students on all four Tri-C campuses will be viewing this film, each with a different interpretive lens.
    [Show full text]
  • A Scientifically Proven Cure for Aging
    Why We Age ... and the Science Behind it Copyrighted: ONE TRUTH Australia Pty Ltd For further information and to get the latest information on this technology, go to www.onetruth818.com.au Introduction – The Quest It’s 2009, Reno, Nevada. Dr. Bill Andrews stood wide-eyed with wonder. With his tall, ultra- marathon runner's frame bent over the instruments and computer screens inside his obscure laboratory, he and his team of fellow scientists checked and re-checked their extraordinary readings. The computers were not lying. They had indeed 'hit the jackpot’, or, at the very least, reached an extraordinary beacon in Andrew’s quest for the 'holy grail' - a real, proven cure for aging. That day, the PhD in Molecular Biology stood staring at the 314,818th molecule his laboratory had tested in the search for a compound that would slow down the human aging process. He marveled at the fact that the new molecule was three hundred times more powerful in stopping human aging than anything yet known to science. Little knowing that his life was about to change drastically due to this miraculous little unit, Andrews named it ‘CO314818’. George Bernard Shaw famously said: “Youth is wasted on the young”. This becomes true for most people in their late 30s and older, when the body’s messages of steady decline become only too apparent - deep lines, sagging, looser skin, ‘crow’s feet’ around the eyes. Usually the quest to halt this process starts in earnest now, often without sparing costs on surgical procedures and cosmetic products. Unfortunately for the consumer, keeping up with the Kardashians is lucrative business - there’s much money to be made off people’s insecurities.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Medicine 2018
    4th World Chinese Medicine, Yoga & Mental Health Congress September 17-18, 2018 San Diego, USA Keynote Forum DAY 1 Chinese Medicine 2018 Page 25 William H Andrews, J Yoga Phys Ther 2018, Volume 8 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7595-C1-001 4th World Chinese Medicine, Yoga & Mental Health Congress September 17-18, 2018 | San Diego, USA William H Andrews Sierra Sciences, USA I think, therefore i am young elomere lengths are rapidly becoming the best measure of aging that the field has ever seen. Telomeres are found at the Ttips of our chromosomes and have been shown to shorten as we age. Recent studies by my lab and others have shown that lengthening telomeres reverses aging and declining health in human cells grown in culture as well as in engineered mice. Treatments to lengthen telomeres in humans do not exist yet. In the meantime, studies suggest that slowing down the rate of telomere shortening slows down the rate of aging and extends human healthspan and lifespan. One of the most powerful ways to slow down the rate of telomere shortening has been shown in scientific peer-reviewed studies to be through yoga and meditation. The mechanism of action of mindfulness on the rate of telomere shortening is still being investigated, but I plan to describe the studies that have already been done and those that are in progress to show the strong correlation that exists. Mindfulness through yoga and meditation may be one of the best things we can do to stay young and healthy for as long as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Spine and Spinal Disorders September 05-06, 2018 Auckland, New Zealand
    Bill Andrews, J Spine 2018, Volume 7 conferenceseries.com DOI: 10.4172/2165-7939-C1-007 4th Global Congress on Spine and Spinal Disorders September 05-06, 2018 Auckland, New Zealand Bill Andrews Sierra Sciences LLC, USA Clinical study to look at treating degenerative disc disease by telomerase gene therapy egenerative Disc Disease (DDD) in humans correlates well with the shortening of telomeres in intervertebral disc cells. DTo study cause and effect of this correlation, human intervertebral discs be treated in a clinical study with a gene therapy that delivers the telomerase gene to the cells of the disc to produce telomerase activity and lengthen the cell’s telomeres. Effects on disc size and back pain be measured as well as telomerase activity and telomere lengths. The role of telomere shortening and aging related syndromes (called telomeropathies).The lengthening of telomeres with the enzyme telomerase has been well documented and as a means to extend human health span and longevity as a means to promote cancer growth. This will be discussed in the presentation. Recent breakthroughs in gene therapy, especially using vectors derived from the Adeno Associated Virus, have enabled means of delivering genes to human cells in a manner that is far safer than ever seen before. Biography Bill Andrews is the President and CEO of Sierra Sciences in Reno, Nevada, USA. He is also an Advisor for Libella Gene Therapeutics in New Zealand. In his 37 year biotech career, he has focused the last 25 years on finding ways to extend the human lifespan and healthspan through telomere maintenance.
    [Show full text]
  • Liz Parrish Bill Andrews © 2016 All Rights Reserved
    1 A cure for aging? www.sierrasci.comLiz Parrish Bill Andrews © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 2 Cellular Degeneration Underlies Biological Aging These are all symptoms of cellular Aging! Sarcopenia Arthritis Hypertension CANCER Alzheimer’s Disease Cellular Macular Degeneration Degeneration Cataracts Dementia Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis Diabetes disease Type 2 Nephropathy www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 3 Increased Global Lifespan will Increase the Burden of the Diseases of Aging • By 2050 more older Young Children and Older People people than children as a percentage of global • More people at extreme population, % old age 20. 1004% Diseases of aging: 15. Heart 351% disease 10. Age Diabetes 188% Alzheimer’s <5 Cancer 5. others Age 65+ 85+ 0. 65+ 100+ 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 change in world`s 65+ population by 2050 www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 4 Curing Aging www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved. Telomeres 6 www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 7 www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 8 www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 9 www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 10 www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 11 www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 12 www.sierrasci.comSierra Sciences, LLC © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 13 www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 14 www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 15 www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved. Telomere Shortening Diseases • AIDS • General Immunity • Alzheimer’s • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis • Aging • Liver Cirrhosis • Cancer • Macular Degeneration • Cardiovascular • Muscular Dystrophy • Cell & Tissue Transplants • Osteoarthritis • COPD • Osteoporosis • Cri du Chat syndrome • Progeria • Degenerative Disc Disease • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Down’s Syndrome • Skin Aging • Dyskeratosis Congenita • Tuberous Sclerosis • Fanconi’s Anemia • Werner’s Syndrome 17 Why telomeres shorten www.sierrasci.com © 2016 All Rights Reserved.
    [Show full text]