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Swaziland's Proposed Land Deal with South Africa - the Case of Ingwavuma and Kangwane*
Swaziland's Proposed Land Deal with South Africa - The Case of Ingwavuma and Kangwane* By Wolfgang Senftleben Since the Gambia united with Senegal under a Confederation recently, Swaziland (with an area of 17 363 sq.km) has been the smallest country in mainland Africa' (followed by Dj ibouti with 21 783 sq.km), but this could change very soon. In mid-1982 it was announced that the Republic of South Africa is willing to transfer two of its land areas totalling approximately 10 000 sq.km to the Kingdom of Swaziland. Together, these two areas would increase Swaziland's size by more than 60 per cent and give the hitherto land-locked state2 access to the sea with a potential port at Kosi Bay, just below Mozambique. The principal benefits for both countries are only too obvious: For Swaziland it means a realization of a long-standing dream of the late King Sobhuza II to incorporate all lands of the traditionally Swazi realm, besides ending Swaziland's status as a land-locked state. For South Africa it would be a major success of her apartheid policy (or territorial separation) by excommunicating two of its African tribaI areas with a population of together 850 000 people, which would give South Africa a tacit quasi-re cognition of her homeland policy, besides the advantage of creating a buffer zone between white-ruled South Africa and Marxist-orientated Mozambique for security reasons. However, such land transactions are carried out at the expenses of the local population in the respective areas of Ingwavuma and KaNgwane. -
Operation Ingwavuma
OPERATION INGWAVUMA Memoirs of a Political commissar UNDER normal circumstances, break with the conventional rule one questions since I was the military participants are expec requiring the writing of military only one in that meeting who ted to write their memoirs only memoirs only when the war is was thoroughly acquainted with when the war is over, to give over. Northern Natal, as I was actually them the advantage of looking bom in Zululand and had already at things more objectively, THE NATAL REGIONAL worked as a political operative in weighing both successes and fai COMMAND MEETS the area of Ingwavuma for a pe lures unemotionally, and talcing TO DISCUSS riod of close to two years under advantage of the total outcome 'OPERATION INGWAVUMA' the political structures of the of the whole war period to ap ANC. praise the contribution of single I was summoned to the first After about four hours, our battles. meeting to discuss the implem meeting was over. The task of I took up my pen to write entation of this plan in the un our Military Command was clear. about our experiences in the derground Operational Head We were expected to begin work planning and implementation of quarters of the Natal Regional ing immediately to prepare con 'Operation Ingwavuma' for the Military Command. Also present ditions for the creation of guer following reasons: at-the meeting was the sub-struc rilla zones in Northern Natal. 1)1 was asked to do so by the ture of this Command, called the The area of Ingwavuma, situated Editor of Dawn, who insisted Northern Natal Military Com on the most Northern tip of that since a special issue of our mand (NNMC) whose specific Natal and also bordering on Swa army's journal was being pre task it was to execute this, task. -
Maurice Webb Race Relations Unit
MAURICE WEBB RACE RELATIONS UNIT A DIRECTORY OF RURAL AND PERI-URBAN COMMUNITY BASED ORGANISATIONS IN NATAL T Mzimela CENTRE FOR SOCIAL AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NATAL KING GEORGE V AVENUE DURBAN 4001 SOUTH AFRICA * CENTRE FOR SOCIAL AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NATAL DURBAN A DIRECTORY OF RURAL AND PERI-URBAN COMMUNITY BASED ORGANISATIONS IN NATAL PRODUCED BY T. MZIMELA MAURICE WEBB RACE RELATIONS UNIT CENTRE FOR SOCIAL AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NATAL DURBAN The Centre for Social and Development Studies was established in 1988 through the merger of the Centre for Applied Social Science and the Development Studies Unit. The purpose of the centre is to focus university research in such a way as to make it relevant to the needs of the surrounding developing communities, to generate general awareness of development problems and to assist in aiding the process of appropriate development planning. ISBN No 1-86840-029-8 RURAL AND PERI-URBAN COMMUNITY BASED ORGANIZATIONS This Directory consists of rural COMMUNITY BASED ORGANISATIONS (CBOS) and some organisations from peri-urban areas in Natal. It has been produced by the Maurice Webb Race Relations Unit at the Centre for Social and development Studies which is based at the University of Natal. The directory seeks to facilitate communication amongst community based organisations in pursuance of their goals. The province is divided into five zones : (i) ZONE A: UPPER NOTUERN NATAL REGION: This includes the Mahlabathini, Nquthu, Nhlazatshe, Nongoma and Ulundi districts. (ii) ZONE B: UPPER NORTHERN NATAL COASTAL REGION: This includes Ingwavuma, Kwa-Ngwanase, Hlabisa, Mtubatuba, Empangeni, Eshowe, Mandini, Melmoth, Mthunzini, and Stanger districts. -
APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of INGWVUMA, SOUTH AFRICA Description the Apostolic Vicariate of Ingwavuma Is in the Northeastern Part of the Republic of South Africa
APOSTOLIC VICARIATE OF INGWVUMA, SOUTH AFRICA Description The Apostolic Vicariate of Ingwavuma is in the northeastern part of the Republic of South Africa. It includes the districts of Ingwavuma, Ubombo and Hlabisa. The Holy See entrusted this territory to the Servite Order in 1938 and the Tuscan Province accepted the mandate to implant the Church in this area (implantatio ecclesiae). Bishop Costantino Barneschi, Vicar Apostolic of Bremersdorp (now Manzini) asked the American Province to send friars for the new mission. Fra Edwin Roy Kinch (1918-2003) arrived in Swaziland in 1947. Other friars came from the United States and the Apostolic Prefecture of Ingwavuma was born. On November 19, 1990 the territory became an Apostolic Vicariate. After the Second World War the missionary territory was assumed directly by the friars of the North American provinces. By a decree of the 1968 General Chapter the then existing communities were established as the Provincial Vicariate of Zululand, a dependency of the US Eastern Province. At present there are 10 Servite friars who are members of the Zululand Delegation OSM. Servites The friars of the Zululand delegation work in five communities: Hlabisa, Ingwavuma, KwaNgwanase, Mtubtuba and Ubombo; there are 9 solemn professed (2 local, 2 Canadian and 5 from the US). General Information Area: 12,369 sq km; population: 609,180; Catholics: 23,054; other denominations: Lutherans, Anglicans, Methodists: 150,000; African Churches 60,000; non-Christian: 300,000; parishes: 5; missionary stations: 68; 8 Servite priests and one local priest: Father Wilbert Mkhawanazi. Lay Missionaries: 3; part-time catechists: 160; full-time catechists: 9. -
Lithostratigraphy of Border Cave, Kwazulu, South Africa: a Middle Stone Age Sequence Beginning C
Journal oj Archaeological Science 1978, 5, 317-341 Lithostratigraphy of Border Cave, KwaZulu, South Africa: a Middle Stone Age Sequence Beginning c. 195,000 B.P. K. W. ButzeTa, P. B. Beaumontb and J. C. Vogel” Border Cave is well-known for its Middle Stone Age (MSA) sequence and associ- ated hominids, as well as for the earliest demonstrable Later Stone Age (LSA) (c. 38,000 b.p.) strata in southern Africa. Detailed lithostratigraphic and sedimento- logical study permits identification of 8 Pleistocene sedimentary cycles, including 6 major cold phases and 2 intervening weathering horizons. The 2 youngest cold phases are associated with the LSA and have 8 14C dates 38,600-13,300 b.p. By gauging sedimentation rates in finer and coarser sediments, duration of sedi- mentary breaks, and allowing for differential compaction, the excellent radiocarbon framework provided by 28 available 14C dates can be extrapolated to the 6 cold intervals and 2 palaeosols that are older than 50,000 b.p. These clearly span oxygen- isotope stages 4, 5 and 6, placing the base of the MSA deposits at c. 195,000 b.p., Homo sapiens sapiens at c. 90,000-115,000 b.p. and the sophisticated, microlithic “Howieson’s Poort” industry at 95,000 b.p. These results require radical reassess- ment of the age and nature of the MSA complex and of the earliest evolution of anatomically-modern people. Keywords: BORDER CAVE, CAVE SEDIMENTOLOGY, EBOULIS SECS, GEO-ARCHAEOLOGY, HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS, ISOTOPE STRATI- GRAPHY, MIDDLE AND LATER STONE AGE, PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY, PALAEOSOLS, RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY. Introduction Border Cave first drew attention when fossilized human bone was uncovered by Mr W. -
Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity in Rural Ingwavuma Community, Umkhanyakude District, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity in Rural Ingwavuma Community, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Herbert Chikafu * and Moses J. Chimbari School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 May 2020; Accepted: 5 July 2020; Published: 16 September 2020 Abstract: Physical activity, among others, confers cardiovascular, mental, and skeletal health benefits to people of all age-groups and health states. It reduces the risks associated with cardiovascular disease and therefore, could be useful in rural South Africa where cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden is increasing. The objective of this study was to examine levels and correlates of physical activity among adults in the Ingwavuma community in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Self-reported data on physical activity from 392 consenting adults (female, n = 265; male, n = 127) was used. We used the one-sample t-test to assess the level of physical activity and a two-level multiple linear regression to investigate the relationship between total physical activity (TPA) and independent predictors. The weekly number of minutes spent on all physical activities by members of the Ingwavuma community was 912.2; standard deviation (SD) (870.5), with males having 37% higher physical activity (1210.6 min, SD = 994.2) than females (769.2, SD = 766.3). Livelihood activities constituted 65% of TPA, and sport and recreation contributed 10%. Participants without formal education (20%), those underweight (27%), and the obese (16%) had low physical activity. -
A Case Study of Umkhanyakude District Municipality
toekomstige onsekerhede te bekamp. Met behulp van die kwalitatiewe sekondêre databenadering, evalueer hierdie artikel of kwesbare gemeenskappe in Published by the UFS uMkhanyakude-distriksmunisipaliteit http://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/trp veerkragtig kan raak teen die gevolge van © Creative Commons With Attribution (CC-BY) How to cite: Mthembu, A. & Hlophe, S. 2020. Building resilience to climate change in vulnerable communities: klimaatsverandering. UMkhanyakude- A case study of uMkhanyakude district municipality. Town and Regional Planning, no.77, pp. 42-56. distriksmunisipaliteit is oorwegend landelik en een van die armste distrikte in KwaZulu-Natal, met ’n meerderheid Building resilience to climate change in vulnerable sosiale en ekonomies gemarginaliseerde individue en huishoudings wat baie communities: A case study of uMkhanyakude district erger gevolge ervaar as gevolg van municipality klimaatsverandering in vergelyking met dié in stedelike gebiede. Data is met behulp van inhoudsanalise geanaliseer Anele Mthembu & Syathokoza Hlophe en ’n bondige opsomming van die biofisiese en sosio-ekonomiese aspekte is aangebied. Hierdie navorsing dui daarop dat die bou van veerkragtigheid DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/trp77i1.4 teenoor klimaatsverandering moontlik Peer reviewed and revised October 2020 is as gevolg van onder, proaktiewe en Published December 2020 stelselmatige maatreëls om kwesbare gebiede soos dié in uMkhanyakude- *The authors declared no conflict of interest for this title or article distriksmunisipaliteit te bestuur. Die artikel beveel aan dat maatskaplike Abstract impakstudies (SIA) gedoen word om te help met die beoordeling van Climate change in South Africa remains an issue of socio-economic and environ- maatskaplike gevolge wat waarskynlik mental concern. An increase in frequency and intensity of climatic events pose uit beleidsaksies kan volg. -
Related Deaths Certified at Mosvold Hospital, Ingwavuma, Kwazulu-Natal, from 2003 to 2008
ORIGINAL ARTICLE ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN TOTAL AND AIDS- RELATED DEATHS CERTIFIED AT MOSVOLD HOSPITAL, INGWAVUMA, KWAZULU-NATAL, FROM 2003 TO 2008 C H Vaughan Williams, MB BS, DCH, MFamMed, DOH District Family Physician, Umkhanyakude Health District Office, Jozini, KwaZulu-Natal Objectives. To analyse mortality trends from deaths registered at Mosvold Hospital, Ingwavuma, KwaZulu-Natal, and possible impact of programmes to treat and prevent HIV infection. Design. Longitudinal study of death certifications from 2003 to 2008. Setting. Mosvold Hospital mortuary, Ingwavuma. Subjects. Counterfoils of form 83/BI-1663, Notification/Register of Death/Stillbirths (Republic of South Africa, Department of Home Affairs), completed at Mosvold Hospital from January 2003 to December 2008. Outcome measures. Age at death, cause of death, patterns of deaths grouped by age, gender and cause of death. Results. AIDS-related deaths were the cause of 53% of deaths, particularly affecting the 20 - 59-year and under-5 age groups. Since 2005 there has been a decline in deaths in the 20 - 59 age group and an increase in average age at death. Conclusions. The decrease in mortality from 2005 may be associated with antiretroviral roll-out reducing mortality from AIDS-related illnesses. Mosvold Hospital is situated in northern KwaZulu- In a previous study,2 an analysis of 4 years’ mortality Natal near the borders of Swaziland and Mozambique. data from 2003 to 2006 indicated that AIDS-related According to estimates by the Department of Health, illnesses were responsible for 53% of deaths certified the hospital serves a population of about 108 000.1 The at the hospital during the period of the study. -
Letter from Ingwavuma Reflections • Réflexions Another World Working As a Public Health System Employee Overseas
Letter from Ingwavuma Reflections • Réflexions Another world Working as a public health system employee overseas Jane Fleet MD CCFP DIP Obs (SA) DIP HIV (SA) remember when I went for my medical school inter- protocols. We refer patients to regional or tertiary view at McMaster University in 1990. I described to care hospitals as needed. Ngwelezana Hospital in I the interview panel how I was interested in doing Empangeni (3 hours away) provides tremendous sup- international medical work at some point in my career, port through various hot-lines. Complicated patients most likely with Médecins Sans Frontières—the only can be transferred by ambulance (with basic para- non-government organization I knew of at the time. medical staff) or occasionally, if weather and daylight In 2002, however, my husband (a South allow, by air. African physician) and I Before arriving in South started work at Mosvold Africa, I had done very little Hospital in South Africa as surgery, some anesthesia, and employees within the public lots of obstetrics. My experi- health system. I write this ence in obstetrics, however, to make Canadian doctors was limited to GP, Canadian- (who tend to think of over- style obstetrics where compli- seas work as volunteer-type cated cases are handed over work) aware of this alter- to obstetricians and cesar- native. By working as an ian sections are performed employee, you have a very by surgeons. I had limited different view of the rewards, experience with patients challenges, and frustrations with tuberculosis and even that a particular country’s less experience with medical system might offer. -
Amblysomus Marleyi – Marley's Golden Mole
Amblysomus marleyi – Marley’s Golden Mole occurrence is c. 1,500 km2 and area of occupancy is only 32 km2 (based on a grid cell area of 16 km2). Overgrazing and poor agricultural practices by growing low-income subsistence farming communities have, and continue to, lead to habitat degradation and probable ongoing declines in the numbers of individuals and quality of Photograph suitable habitat. Further field surveys are required to more accurately delimit distribution and occupancy, and this wanted species should be reassessed subsequently. Distribution Endemic to South Africa, this species is known from only two isolated localities (Ubombo and Ingwavuma) on the eastern slopes of Lebombo Mountains in KwaZulu-Natal (Figure 1). Owl pellet remains from Weenen, about 250 km Regional Red List status (2016) Endangered B1ab southwest, appear to represent this species, suggesting (ii,iii,v)+2ab(ii,iii,v)* that it may be more widespread than currently recognized. National Red List status (2004) Endangered Its range possibly extends into south-eastern Swaziland B2ab(ii,iii) along Lebombo Mountains. There are two locations with an estimated extent of occurrence of 1,563 km2 and an Reasons for change No change area of occupancy of 32 km2. Global Red List status (2015) Endangered B1ab (ii,iii,v)+2ab(ii,iii,v) Population TOPS listing (NEMBA) None The species is recognised from only two isolated localities CITES listing None (Ubombo and Ingwavuma) on the eastern slopes of Lebombo Mountains in KwaZulu-Natal. It is locally Endemic Yes common, but no quantitative data are available. *Watch-list Data Current population trend: Unknown Like other golden moles, Marley’s Golden Continuing decline in mature individuals: Yes Mole constructs both subsurface tunnels, which are utilised for foraging, and deeper Number of mature individuals in population: Unknown tunnels that lead to breeding and nesting Number of mature individuals in largest subpopulation: chambers under tree roots and rocks Unknown (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). -
(South Africa). Signification of the New Post-Apartheid Governance System Sylvain Guyot
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by HAL Clermont Université Political dimensions of environmental conflicts in Kosi Bay (South Africa). Signification of the new post-apartheid governance system Sylvain Guyot To cite this version: Sylvain Guyot. Political dimensions of environmental conflicts in Kosi Bay (South Africa). Signification of the new post-apartheid governance system. Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, 32, (3), pp.441-458. <hal-00201756> HAL Id: hal-00201756 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00201756 Submitted on 10 Jan 2008 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Accepted for publication – DEVELOPMENT SOUTHERN AFRICA vol. 32, n°3 – September 2005 GUYOT S., 2005, “Political dimensions of environmental conflicts in Kosi Bay (South Africa). Signification of the new post-apartheid governance system”, Development Southern Africa, vol. 32, n°3 – September 2005 - Political dimensions of environmental conflicts in Kosi Bay (South Africa). Signification of the new post-apartheid governance system ABSTRACT: The new demarcation in Kosi Bay, trying to reverse the spatial legacy of apartheid, has resulted in competition and new environmental conflicts between political structures, conservation authorities and local communities. -
The Ingwavuma Land Deal: a Case Study of Self-Determination , 6 B.C
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School Boston College Third World Law Journal Volume 6 | Issue 1 Article 3 1-1-1986 The nI gwavuma Land Deal: A Case Study of Self- Determination T W. Bennett N. S. Peart Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/twlj Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation T W. Bennett nda N. S. Peart, The Ingwavuma Land Deal: A Case Study of Self-Determination , 6 B.C. Third World L.J. 23 (1986), http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/twlj/vol6/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Third World Law Journal by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INGWAVUMA LAND DEAL: A CASE STUDY OF SELF-DETERMINATION T. w. BENNETT* N. s. Peart** I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 23 II. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-DETERMINATION .......................... 24 III. THE BASIS OF THE RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION .................... 26 IV. THE DEVELOPMENT OF APARTHEID. 28 V. THE INGWAVUMA-SWAZILAND RELATIONSHIP.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 VI. APARTHEID AND SELF-DETERMINATION ................................ 39 VII. CONCLUSION ....................................................... 41 I. INTRODUCTION In 1982 the public of South Africa became aware of proposals by its government to cede two portions of South African territory, Kangwane and Ingwavuma, to the neighbouring state of Swaziland. Kangwane, with its own Legislative Assembly, is a semi-independent "national state" composed of two separate sections, the larger of which lies on the northern and western borders of Swaziland.