DOCSLIB.ORG

Lnformaîlon to USERS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lnformaîlon to USERS lNFORMAîlON TO USERS This manuscript has been mpmûuœd from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly frm the ofigiinal or copy submitted. Thus, some Wsand dissertation copies are in typewriter fscs, wuhile athen may be fr#n any type of cornputer printer. Wqurîiiofthk n(noducbkn k deponâantupontheqwlityafthecopy submitteô. Brokm or indistinct cokred or poor quality iilustratiorrs and photographs, print bkdhrough, Mibstandatd margins, and impraper alignment can adversely affect reprioduction. In the unlikely event aiat aie author did riot send UMI a compîete rnariuscxipt and the- are missing pages, these wiH be noteâ. Also, if unauthorired copyright material had to be mmoved, a note Ml indiiethe deidon. Ovemire matsrials (0-g., maps, drawings. charts) are repFoduced by sectiming the original, beginning at trie u-r Mharid corner and uminuing frm left to right in equal wiai small overhps. Photographs induded in aie original manusaipt have beeri reproduœd xerogaphicslly in mis -y. Higher quality 6' x 9 blîdr and nitr'- photographie prïnts are avaibbk for any photogmphs or illusûaüons -ring in this wpy for an additional charge. Contact UMI diredly to order. Beil8 Haniiell lnfonnatian and Lemming 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Am,MI 481m1346 USA EXODUS 34:29-35: MOSES' C6HORNSnIN EARLY BIBLE TRANSLATIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS Bena Elisha Medjuck Department of Jewish Studies McGiiL University, Montréal, Québec, Canada March 1998 A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree ofMaster of Arts Q Bena Medjuck 1998 National Lirary Bibliothèque nationale 191 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibiiographic Services seMces bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wdiingtm OttawaON K1A ON4 OaawaO(Y K1AW Canada Cinada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une Licence non exclusive licence dowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, 10% distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor subsbntial extracts fiom it Ni la thése ni des extraitssubstantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. ABSTRACT Exodus 34:29-35 contains an ambiguous Hebrew phrase that describes the peculiar condition of Moses' face fier his encounter with God on Mt- Sinai. The iconographic tradition of Moses in religious art includes many depictions of him as "homed," yet the early exegetes described his condition as some kind of radiance, Divine glory, or as a metaphor for strength. How, then, is this iconography of homs based on the biblical text or eariy biblical exegesis? The primary sources evaluated for this study encompass more than two thousand years of biblical interpretation, but the subject of this thesis comprkes exegetical matenal from the time of the canonisation of the Bible until Jerome in the fourth century. This material includes selections from the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Jewish and Christian post-biblicd narratives, rabbinic midrash, and translations of the Pentateuch into kamaic, Greek and Latin. L'Exode 34:29-35 contient un expression ambiguë en Hebreu qui décrit la condition du visage de Moïse après sa rencontre avec Dieu. La tradition iconographique de Moïse dans l'art religieux le représente parfois avec des cornes, malgré les commentaires des premiers interprètes que le faisait paraître comme la rayonnement, la gloire divin, ou une métaphore de la force. Alors, quelle est Ia liaison entre cette tradition icongraphique et Ie texte biblique ou les premiers commentaires bibliques? Les sources primaires qu'ont a évalué pour cette étude renferme plus de deux milles ans d'interprétations bibliques, mais le sujet de cette dissertation comprends les matériaux d'interprétation depuis les années de la canonisation de la Bible jusqu'au temps de Jérôme dans le quatrième siècle. Ce matenal inclus des sélections de la Bible Hébraque, le Nouveau Testament, le Pseudépigraphe de l'Ancien Testament, les narratives post-bibliques des Juifs et Chrétiens, la midrash rabbinique, et des traductions du Pentateuque en aramaïque, qrec et latin. My grandmother Dorothy Mark ?Ï, was always ready to talk long-distance when 1 needed a Giend. She taught me everything about determination and strength and how we must appreciate the people that are a part of our lives. 1 know that she was proud of my accomplishments, just as 1 am of hers. 1 dedicate this thesis to her memory. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... to my tacher and supervisor Professor B. Barry Levy, for nearly five years of Bible and Panhanut studies, and for your patience and butthroughout my two years of obsessing over Moses' "homs." Your constant demand for the highest standards possible in research and writing have repeatedly taken me back to the library to check al1 the available editions of an ancient source, or to my cornputer to add yet another footnote or "un-split" an infinitive. The things 1 have leamed while studying with you encompass such varied realms; Jewish studies in particular, but also innovative approaches to education and even the knack of organisation. Thank-you for everything. ... to Professor Torrance Kirby, for the many hours spent translating Latin and Greek documents together, and for your insights into the texts and exegetical techniques of early Chrïstianity. Without Our numerous conversations on how to narrow the focus of my thesis, 1 feu that 1 would still be writing this thesis instead of thanking you for your encouragement and enthusiam about my work! .. to Dr. Menahem White, for valuable instruction in the Ararnaic language and for your willing assistance with the translations of some of the targumic materials included in this study. ... to my dear fiiend Annette Yoshiko Red, for your never-faiiing interest in long conversations (and e-mails) related to the ancient world and the joys of academia, especially when it came time to really get down to business. Your advice on rnatters organisational and stylistic have helped my writing become so much more cohesive (and grammatically correct!). 1 hope that 1 can return this favour sometime soon, and also that we will live nearer to each other in the years to come. ... to my close friends Debbie. Jackie, Yoni, Stephen and my soon-to-be Australian roommate Cheryl, for loving my idiosyncracies, and for listening to my rants when 1 feared that this thesis would never be finished! Without al1 of you to keep me in touch with the outside world, 1 suspect that this long process of thesis-writing would not have been nearly as enjoyable for me as it has been. ... to my brother Jacob, for setting an admirable standard of perseverence and humour in your creative ambitions, at al1 stages of your studies and on al1 of the stages of your flourishing career. ... to my parents Hedda and Frank, for always supporting my academic choices and my extra- curricular pursuits. Without both of you constantly calling me, bringing me home to "re-charge," and sending me Moosehead (!), 1 am sure that 1 could not have reached this juncture in such style. Although we don? always agree on everything, your constant Love and respect are "my chiefest joy." CONTENTS ABSTRACT RÉsW DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Chapter 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1. Summary and Objectives 11. Methodology III. Historical Overview i Medievd iconography of Moses ii. AM-Semitic implicatiom of Moses ' ''horns" iii. Moses' "homs'* in Medieval Jervish commeritaries iv. Exodzis 3L-29-35 in pst-Refoaio Bibles IV. Concfusion 2. l'j? 7iY i7R IN THE MASORETIC TEXT 1 Introduction i. Imer-biblical exegesis and irzter-textualiîy II. The Masoretic text i Exodus 34-29-35 ii. Psalms 69.-32,Psahs 89:25 and Habakkuk 3:4 iii. PsaIms 34: 6 and Nmbers 6~23-26 III. Conclusion 3. T'j3.r T 799 17(?INEARLYNARRATIVES 1. Introduction 1 The New Testament i 2 Corinthians 3: 7-8 ii Mark 912-8,Luke 9:28-36, and Matthew 17: 1-8 III. Philo of Alexandna IV. Old Testament Pseudepigrapha i Biblical Antiquities ii. 2 Etloch 2223 and the Apocalype of Zephanïu V. Midrash i Sirnbeams and Fiery Torches ii. mat caused Moses ' corzdition? Ïii The theological sip~ificnnceof Moses ' condition iv. It~terchatigingIetters for exegetical piirposes VI. Conclusion 4. EARLY TRANSLATIONS OF :';? T:jl'19I -1: 1. Introduction II. Ararnaic i. Turgmt O~ikelos ii. Tarpn Pseudo-Jotzu~han iii. Targrrn Neophyfi iv. Fragmentury Targrcm (YencshaImi) v. Samaritan Tàrgurn and Memm Marquh II Greek I- Sepl~~agrnt ii. Aquila Ni. Origen (HexapIa) IV. Latin i. Old Laiin (Yetus Latina) V. Conclusion 5. JEROME 1. Introduction II. Jerome's Hebrew studies and exegeticd style III. The influence of Aquila's version on Jerome IV. Vulgate: Exodus 34:29-35 V. Biblical cornmentaries and treatises i. Cornmerrfuryorr Amos ii. Comnrerltary on Isaiah iii. Commertfaryon Ezekiel iv. Dialogire agabrst the Peiugrkms VI. Conciusion 6. GENEEULCONCLUSION BBLIOGRAPHY 1. Bibles and Bible Translations II. Ancient Works III. Medieval and Modem Works vii 1. Resources Barllan-CD Bar Ilan University Responsa Project [CD-ROM database]. BDB The New Braun-Driver-Briggs-Gesehs Hebrew and Englsh Lexicon. ed. Francis. Brown. B-M The Old Testament in Greek, ed. Alan E- Brooke and Norman McLean. CHB Cambridge Histoy of the Bible: From the Begir~rzirzgsIO Jerome, vol. 1, ed. P. R Ackroyd and C. F-Evans.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Intermarriage in Judaism Rabbi David M
    Intermarriage in Judaism Rabbi David M. Freidenreich Intermarriage in the Bible and Jewish History Abraham was now old, advanced in years, and the Lord had blessed Abraham in all things. And Abraham said to the senior servant of his household, who had charge of all that he owned, “Put your hand under my thigh and I will make you swear by the Lord, the God of heaven and the God of earth, that you will not take a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanites among whom I dwell, but will go to the land of my birth and get a wife for my son Isaac.” (Gen. 24:1–5) When Esau was forty years old, he took to wife Judith daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Basemath daugh- ter of Elon the Hittite; and they were a source of bitterness to Isaac and Rebekah…. Rebekah said to Isaac, “I am disgusted with my life because of the Hittite women. If Jacob marries a Hittite woman like these, from among the native women, what good will life be to me?” So Isaac sent for Jacob and blessed him. He instructed him, saying, “You shall not take a wife from among the Canaanite women. Up, go to Paddan-ar- am, to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and take a wife there from among the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother.” (Gen. 26:34–35, 27:46–28:2) Discussion Question: Why is it so important to Abraham and Rebekah—and also to Hagar (Gen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Minor Prophets Michael B
    Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville Faculty Books 6-26-2018 A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets Michael B. Shepherd Cedarville University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/faculty_books Part of the Biblical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Shepherd, Michael B., "A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The inorM Prophets" (2018). Faculty Books. 201. http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/faculty_books/201 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Cedarville, a service of the Centennial Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Books by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Cedarville. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The inorM Prophets Keywords Old Testament, prophets, preaching Disciplines Biblical Studies | Religion Publisher Kregel Publications Publisher's Note Taken from A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets © Copyright 2018 by Michael B. Shepherd. Published by Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, MI. Used by permission of the publisher. All rights reserved. ISBN 9780825444593 This book is available at DigitalCommons@Cedarville: http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/faculty_books/201 A COMMENTARY ON THE BOOK OF THE TWELVE KREGEL EXEGETICAL LIBRARY A COMMENTARY ON THE BOOK OF THE TWELVE The Minor Prophets MICHAEL B. SHEPHERD Kregel Academic A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets © 2018 by Michael B. Shepherd Published by Kregel Publications, a division of Kregel Inc., 2450 Oak Industrial Dr. NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49505-6020. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a re- trieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, me- chanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise—without written permission of the publisher, except for brief quotations in printed reviews.
    [Show full text]
  • The Minor Prophets
    The Minor Prophets by Dan Melhus A Study of the Minor Prophets Table of Contents Table of Contents INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ 1 WHO ARE THE PROPHETS?................................................................................................................... 5 HOW CAN WE UNDERSTAND THE MESSAGE OF THE PROPHETS?.......................................... 7 OBADIAH..................................................................................................................................................... 9 BACKGROUND................................................................................................................................. 9 DATE............................................................................................................................................... 9 AUTHOR .......................................................................................................................................... 10 THEME ............................................................................................................................................ 12 OUTLINE ......................................................................................................................................... 13 QUESTIONS...................................................................................................................................... 15 LESSONS.........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Of Malachi Studies of the Old Testament's Ethical Dimensions
    ABSTRACT The Moral World(s) of Malachi Studies of the Old Testament’s ethical dimensions have taken one of three approaches: descriptive, systematic, or formative. Descriptive approaches are concerned with the historical world, social context, and streams of tradition out of which OT texts developed and their diverse moral perspectives. Systematic approaches investigate principles and paradigms that encapsulate the unity of the OT and facilitate contemporary appropriation. Formative approaches embrace the diversity of the OT ethical witnesses and view texts as a means of shaping the moral imagination, fostering virtues, and forming character The major phase of this investigation pursues a descriptive analysis of the moral world of Malachi—an interesting case study because of its location near the end of the biblical history of Israel. A moral world analysis examines the moral materials within texts, symbols used to represent moral ideals, traditions that helped shape them, and the social world (political, economic, and physical) in which they are applied. This study contributes a development to this reading methodology through a categorical analysis of moral foundations, expectations, motives, and consequences. This moral world reading provides insight into questions such as what norms and traditions shaped the morals of Malachi’s community? What specific priorities, imperatives, and injunctions were deemed important? How did particular material, economic, and political interests shape moral decision-making? How did religious symbols bring together their view of the world and their social values? The moral world reading is facilitated by an exploration of Malachi’s social and symbolic worlds. Social science data and perspectives are brought together from an array of sources to present six important features of Malachi’s social world.
    [Show full text]
  • Hosea Traditional Author: Hosea, Son of Beeri. Approximate Time Of
    Hosea Traditional Author: Hosea, son of Beeri. Approximate Time of Writing: 760-720 B.C. General Content: Historical Narrative and Prophecy. Hosea was the primary writing prophet of the Northern Kingdom, starting well before and continuing until after its fall. He ministered during the last forty or fifty years of the Northern Kingdom where there was no legitimate priesthood functioning. The existing priesthood in the north was mixed with idolatry and corrupting influences from its inception. (See 1 Kings 12:25-33 & 2 Kings 17) Prophetic ministry was the only true ministry the people of the Northern Kingdom received in those days. Even though this book is factually historical, most of the book of Hosea is written as an allegory of the Lord’s relationship with Israel. In the first chapter, Hosea is instructed to take a prostitute named Gomer for his wife. The book explains that Gomer is symbolic of unfaithful Israel, and faithful Hosea represents the Lord. The reader is made to understand that this is how the Lord sees His relationship with ancient Israel; with God steadfast in His committed love and Israel often running off to worship other gods, as a prostitute with other lovers. It also contains the redemptive promises of marriage from God to the Jewish people, recited daily by many observant Jews. Hosea reveals Israel as the OT Wife of God as a type and shadow of the NT Church as the Bride of Christ. Christians need to consider the message of Hosea and understand that, like the Jewish people before us, we often are unfaithful in our devotion toward Him, but He is always faithful toward us.
    [Show full text]
  • Headings in the Books of the Eighth-Century Prophets
    Andrews University Seminary Studies, Spring 1987, Vol. 25, No. 1, 9-26. Copyright @ 1987 by Andrews University Press. HEADINGS IN THE BOOKS OF THE EIGHTH-CENTURY PROPHETS DAVID NOEL FREEDMAN The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 The present essay is part of a larger contemplated study of the headings or opening lines of several biblical books, and what they can tell us about the purpose and process of scriptural redaction and publication. The project at hand involves an examination of the headings of the four books of the eighth-century prophets, listed in the order in which we find them in the Hebrew Bible: Isaiah, Hosea, Amos, Micah. With slight but significant variations, the headings are formulaic in character, follow the same pattern, and contain the same or corresponding items of information. If we set the introductory lines side by side or organize them in tabular form, as we do on pp. 10-11, we can recognize at a glance both the formulary and the divergences in detail. 1. Structure of the Headings The headings consist basically of two parts, each of which may have a varying number of subdivisions or extensions. Thus, the heading proper consists of a phrase in the form of a construct chain containing two words, the first defining the experience of the prophet 'Most of the headings (or titles) of the prophetic books in the Hebrew Bible, while sharing similar elements, show remarkable diversity. The headings of the eighth-century prophets compared with the other prophetic headings show sufficient similarity to suggest that they were shaped by a common editorial tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Men in Travail: Masculinity and the Problems of the Body in the Hebrew Prophets Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3153981r Author Graybill, Cristina Rhiannon Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Men in Travail: Masculinity and the Problems of the Body in the Hebrew Prophets by Cristina Rhiannon Graybill A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Studies and the Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Robert Alter, Chair Professor Daniel Boyarin Professor Chana Kronfeld Professor Celeste Langan Spring 2012 Copyright © 2012 Cristina Rhiannon Graybill, All Rights Reserved. Abstract Men in Travail: Masculinity and the Problems of the Body in the Hebrew Prophets by Cristina Rhiannon Graybill Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Studies with the Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory University of California, Berkeley Professor Robert Alter, Chair This dissertation explores the representation of masculinity and the male body in the Hebrew prophets. Bringing together a close analysis of biblical prophetic texts with contemporary theoretical work on masculinity, embodiment, and prophecy, I argue that the male bodies of the Hebrew prophets subvert the normative representation of masculine embodiment in the biblical text. While the Hebrew Bible establishes a relatively rigid norm of hegemonic masculinity – emphasizing strength, military valor, beauty, and power over others in speech and action – the prophetic figures while clearly male, do not operate under these masculine constraints.
    [Show full text]
  • Yeshiva University • a To-Go Series• Nissan 5772
    1 Yeshiva University • A To-Go Series• Nissan 5772 Richard M. Joel, President, Yeshiva University Rabbi Kenneth Brander, The David Mitzner Dean, Center for the Jewish Future Rabbi Joshua Flug, General Editor Rabbi Michael Dubitsky, Editor Copyright © 2012 All rights reserved by Yeshiva University Yeshiva University Center for the Jewish Future 500 West 185th Street, Suite 419, New York, NY 10033 [email protected] • 212.960.5263 This publication contains words of Torah. Please treat it with appropriate respect. For sponsorship opportunities, please contact Genene Kaye at 212.960.5852 or [email protected]. 2 Yeshiva University • A To-Go Series• Nissan 5772 Table of Contents Pesach 2012/5772 The Defining Moment: Once and Again Rabbi Reuven Brand. Page 5 Sippur Yetzias Mitzrayim as a Special Form of Talmud Torah Rabbi Menachem Genack. Page 11 The Reality of Freedom Dr. Naomi Grunhaus. Page 21 Celebrating Pesach in the Land of the Pharaohs Dr. Jill Katz . Page 25 The Freedom of Family Rabbi Yona Reiss . Page 29 Pesach: The Festival of Liberty and Love Rabbi Eliav Silverman. Page 33 Geared To Go: She'eilat Keilim Mrs. Natalie Taylor. Page 36 Haggadah Discussions for the Family: A Collection from Yeshiva University’s Community Kollelim . Page 41 3 Yeshiva University • A To-Go Series• Nissan 5772 On this Chag of v’hegadata l’bincha, of telling the story of our people, we take special pride in sharing with you our Pesach-To Go. Through sharing the torah of various Yeshiva personalities, we hope to add vivid color to your Torah thoughts around the seder and holiday table.
    [Show full text]
  • Benjamin Sommer
    THE TIKVAH CENTER FOR LAW & JEWISH CIVILIZATION Professor Moshe Halbertal Professor J.H.H. Weiler Directors of The Tikvah Center Tikvah Working Paper 02/12 Benjamin Sommer Artifact or Scripture? Authority and Revelation in the Bible and Jewish Thought NYU School of Law New York, NY 10011 The Tikvah Center Working Paper Series can be found at http://www.nyutikvah.org/publications.html All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the author. ISSN 2160‐8229 (print) ISSN 2160‐8253 (online) Copy Editor: Danielle Leeds Kim © Benjamin Sommer 2012 New York University School of Law New York, NY 10011 USA Publications in the Series should be cited as: AUTHOR, TITLE, TIKVAH CENTER WORKING PAPER NO./YEAR [URL] Artifact or Scripture? ARTIFACT OR SCRIPTURE? AUTHORITY AND REVELATION IN THE BIBLE AND JEWISH THOUGHT By Benjamin Sommer PREFACE In this book, I attempt to addresses several audiences at once: biblical scholars, students of modern Jewish and Christian thought, constructive theologians, clergy and religious educators, and, not least, ambitious lay readers who wonder about the place of the Bible in their lives and in the life of their communities. My goals for these academic, clerical, and lay audiences differ. Biblical scholars, along with lay readers interested in literary interpretation of the Bible, will find my analysis of biblical texts worthy of attention. These readings can show both scholars who specialize in Jewish and Christian theology and religious Jews and Christians more generally that the the Bible is more subtle and more interesting than they may have realized.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of the Minor Prophets
    Summer Nights 2014 “Profiting from the Prophets” Session 8 – An Overview of the Minor Prophets The basic division of the Minor Prophets Ø The pre-exile prophets to Israel, Judah and the Nations Ø The prophets sent to those following the exile Ø Their impact shouldn’t be measured by their “Minor” designation! Ø Their prophecies are vital to key New Testament characters & themes. The Minor Prophetic Books Ø See the attached outlines for a synopsis of each 1 PPROPHETSROPHETS & KINGS OOFF ISRAEL & JUDAH Israel (North) Judah (South) Capital Samaria Capital Jerusalem Jeroboam I Rehoboam Nadab Abijah Baasha Asa Elah Zimri Omri/Tibni Elijah Ahab (& Queen Jezebel) Jehosaphat (Approximate Division of 1& 2 Kings) Ahaziah Joram Jehoram Approx Ahaziah 200 Jehu Athaliah (a queen) years Elisha Joash Jehoahaz Amaziah Jehoash Jeroboam II Jonah Azariah (also known as Uzziah) Zechariah Amos Shallum Menahem Hosea Jotham Pekahiah Micah Isaiah Pekah Hoshea Ahaz 722 BC – Northern Kingdom falls to Assyria Hezekiah Manasseh Approx Amon Nahum 135 years Josiah Zephaniah Jehoahaz Habakkuk Jehoiakim Jeremiah 597 BC – Southern Kingdom falls to Babylon Jehoiachin Obadiah Period Zedekiah of Exile 587 BC Ezekiel Approx Nebuchadnezzar destroys Jerusalem and the Temple. Daniel 70 years Most people taken into exile Post Exile 539 BC – Babylon falls to the Medes & Persians. Cyrus allows the Jews to return Haggai years of prophets Zechariah Approx (Joel ?) 70 years Malachi Copyright © Camel Ride 2007 This chart may be freely reproduced and distributed provided it remains unaltered and is complete with copyright The Book of Joel AUTHOR: Joel, a prophet of Judah. Very little is known about him,—Joel 1:1.
    [Show full text]
  • A Pilgrimage Through the Old Testament
    A PILGRIMAGE THROUGH THE OLD TESTAMENT ** Year 3 of 3 ** (Part 2 of 2) Cold Harbor Road Church Of Christ Mechanicsville, Virginia Old Testament Curriculum TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson 131: JEREMIAH’S MISSION Jeremiah 1-25 .................................................................................................4 Lesson 132: A YOKE FOR JEREMIAH Jeremiah 26-45 ...............................................................................................9 Lesson 133: PROPHESIES OF DOOM Jeremiah 46-52 ...............................................................................................15 Lesson 134: SIN, SUFFERING, AND SORROW Lamentations 1-5 ...........................................................................................18 Lesson 135: LIFE AND TIMES OF EZEKIEL Ezekiel 1-11 ....................................................................................................23 Lesson 136: THAT THEY MIGHT KNOW I AM THE LORD Ezekiel 12-32 ..................................................................................................29 Lesson 137: RATTLE MY BONES Ezekiel 33-48 ..................................................................................................35 Lesson 138: DANIEL AND FRIEINDS ARE FAITHFUL TO GOD Daniel 1 ..........................................................................................................41 Lesson 139: FOUR IN A FURNACE Daniel 2,3........................................................................................................44 Lesson 140: THE WRITING ON THE
    [Show full text]
  • Hakhamyaakov Athias—A Portuguese Rabbi Facing the Winds of Enlightenment and Secularization
    Chapter 16 Hakham Yaakov Athias—A Portuguese Rabbi Facing the Winds of Enlightenment and Secularization Yocheved Beeri 1 Some Background on the Sephardic Community of Bordeaux The Jewish community of Bordeaux, like the other Sephardic communities in the southwest of France, emerged from groups of New Christians, decedents of Jewish converts who left Spain and Portugal from the sixteenth century on- ward and settled in France as Portuguese merchants.1 As such, they received certain legal rights in various royal Lettres Patentes along the centuries and were recognized as a “Nation” of merchants.2 In the Lettres Patentes of 1722 they were recognized as Jews for the first time. This gradual transition from a kind of clandestine Judaism to established communities acknowledged by the Jewish world reached its completion by the last quarter of the seventeenth century.3 In the beginning of the eighteenth century Bordeaux boasted an organized and vibrant Jewish community. It was led by a council of elders, or Assembly of the Nation, which represented the richest and most influential families. 1 On the Bordeaux community, see Louis Francia-Beaufleury, Histoire de l’établissement des Juifs à Bordeaux et à Bayonne depuis 1550 (Paris, an 8 [1800]); Arnaud Detcheverry, Histoire des Israélites de Bordeaux (Bordeaux: Balarac jeune, 1850); Théophile Malvezin, Histoire des Juifs à Bordeaux (Bordeaux: Charles Lefebvre, Libraire, 1875); Georges Cirot, Recherches sur les Juifs espagnols et portugais à Bordeaux (Bordeaux: Feret & Fils, Éditeurs, 1908); Cirot, Les Juifs de Bordeaux. Leur situation morale et sociale de 1550 à la Révolution (Bordeaux: Feret, 1920); Gérard Nahon, Juifs et judaïsme à Bordeaux (Bordeaux: Mollat, 2003).
    [Show full text]