LTE-M Deployment Guide to Basic Feature Set Requirements
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Milja Hofman Roamingwise Agenda
ITU Arab Regional Workshop on Mobile Roaming: National & International Practices Data Roaming / Protecting & Empowering Subscribers By Milja Hofman Roamingwise Agenda • Data Roaming (GPRS/UMTS/LTE) • Protecting and Empowering Subscribers 2 • Data Roaming (GPRS/UMTS/LTE) 3 Mobile phone usage is changing (Western Europe) 4 Evolution of Mobile Data Services LTE Advanced ≤1 Gbit/s LTE ≤173 Mbit/s HSPA 14.4≤ Mbit/s UMTS ★ Not compliant to ≤2 Mbit/s the ITU-R specs… EDGE ≤384 Kbit/s GPRS ≤171 Kbit/s HSCSD GSM ≤57.6 Kbit/s ≤9.6 Kbit/s 2.5G 3,5G 4G 2G 3G 3,9G 1993 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004 2008 2011 5 GPRS Network Architecture – new elements Authentication Centre Home Location Register Equipment Identity Register Switch SGSN GGSN Internet 6 GPRS Session – Data Flow Authentication Centre Home Location Register Equipment Identity Register Switch SGSN GGSN Internet 7 GPRS Roaming eXchange GRX A GRX B GRGRX C 8 Souce G. Heinzel - Swisscom GPRS Roaming - Dataflow VPMN HPMN Internet IP-Backbone APN Operator ID = MNC001.MCC228.GPRS BG BG SGSN GGSN (123.456.789.012) PDP Context IP address assigned to the handset APN NI + OP ID IP Address HGGSN DNS DNS APN NI + OP ID ROOT DNS APN Network Identifier = INTERNET.SWISSCOM.CH 9 UMTS • UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System • 3rd Generation GSM network • Higher download & upload speed • Core network structure nearly identical with 2G GSM networks 10 Network Architecture: Core AUC HLR Circuit Switched Packet Switched GMSC MSC VLR SGSN GGSN External networks External networks Basic core network elements identical to 2G 11 Network Architecture: Core + Radio AUC Radio network for 2G and 3G is different HLR Circuit Switched Packet Switched GMSC MSC VLR SGSN GGSN External networks External networks BSC RNC NODE B 2G BTS 3G 12 What is LTE? • A standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals • Pure packet based networks without traditional voice circuit capabilities • Voice services are provided via VoIP • Support for inter-operation and co-existence with legacy standards (e.g. -
Energy Efficiency in Cellular Networks
Energy Efficiency in Cellular Networks Radha Krishna Ganti Indian Institute of Technology Madras [email protected] Millions 1G 2G:100Kbps2G: ~100Kb/s 3G:~1 Mb/s 4G: ~10 Mb/s Cellular Network will connect the IOT Source:Cisco Case Study: Mobile Networks in India • India has over 400,000 cell towers today • 70%+ sites have grid outages in excess of 8 hours a day; 10% are completely off-grid • Huge dependency on diesel generator sets for power backups – India imports 3 billion liters of diesel annually to support Cell Tower, DG Set, Grid these cell sites – CO2 emission exceeds 6 million metric tons a year – Energy accounts for ~25% of network opex for telcos • As mobile services expand to remote rural areas, enormity of this problem grows 4 Power consumption breakup Core network Radio access network Mobile devices 0.1 W x 7 B = 0.7 GW 2 kW x 5M = 10 GW 10 kW x 10K = 0.1 GW *Reference: Mid-size thermal plant output 0.5 GW Source: Peng Mobicomm 2011 Base station energy consumption 1500 W 60 W Signal processing 150 W 1000 W 100 W Air conditioning Power amplifier (PA) 200 W (10-20% efficiency) Power conversion 150 W Transmit power Circuit power Efficiency of PA Spectral Efficiency: bps/Hz (Shannon) Transmit power Distance Bandwidth Cellular Standard Spectral efficiency Noise power 1G (AMPS) 0.46 Spectral density 2G (GSM) 1.3 3G (WCDMA) 2.6 4G (LTE) 4.26 Energy Efficiency: Bits per Joule 1 Km 2 Km EE versus SE for PA efficiency of 20% Current status Source: IEEE Wireless Comm. -
Cat® B15 Smartphone User Manual Please Read Before Proceeding Safety Precautions
Cat® B15 Smartphone User manual Please Read Before Proceeding Safety Precautions Please read the safety precautions carefully to ensure the correct use of your mobile phone. Despite the nature of this rugged device, avoid hitting, throwing, dropping, crushing, bending and puncturing, your mobile phone. Avoid using your mobile phone in a damp environment, such as the bathroom. Prevent your mobile phone from being intentionally soaked or washed in liquid. Do not switch on your mobile phone when it is prohibited to use phones or when the phone may cause interference or danger. Do not use your mobile phone while driving. Follow any rules or regulations in hospitals and health care facilities. Switch off your mobile phone near medical equipment. Switch off your mobile phone in aircraft. The phone may cause interference to control equipment of the aircraft. Switch off your mobile phone near high-precision electronic devices. The phone may affect the performance of these devices. Do not attempt to disassemble your mobile phone or its accessories. Only qualified personnel are allowed to service or repair the phone. Do not place your mobile phone or its accessories in containers with a strong electromagnetic field. Do not place magnetic storage media near your mobile phone. Radiation from the phone may erase the information stored on them. Do not put your mobile phone in a high-temperature place or use it in a place with flammable gas such as a gas station. Keep your mobile phone and its accessories away from young children. Do not allow children to use your mobile phone without guidance. -
Get SATA Cell D
US 20100189035A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0189035 A1 Pehrsson et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 29, 2010 (54) SERVICE AREAS IN CS DOMAIN SERVICES (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2007/056278 (75) Inventors: Arne Pehrsson, Huddinge (SE); S371 (c)(1), Magnus Hallenstal, Taby (SE); (2), (4) Date: Feb. 22, 2010 Göran Rune, Linkoping (SE); Jari Publication Classification Vikberg, Jarna (SE); Andreas (51) Int. Cl. Witzel, Herzogenrath (DE) H0474/00 (2009.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ......................................... 370/328; 370/352 Correspondence Address: (57) ABSTRACT ERCSSON INC. 6300 LEGACY DRIVE, M/S EVR1-C-11 The invention provides a method of enabling the service level networks (e.g. CSoLTE or IMS CN) to provide location PLANO, TX 75024 (US) dependent services based on a circuit Switched domain from a service level network to a mobile station communicating (73) Assignee: TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET with a cell in a radio access network that utilises a packet LM ERICSSON (PUBL), Switched domain. The method includes providing cell loca Stockholm (SE) tion information relating to the location of the cell; determin ing a Service Area Identifier based on the cell location infor mation; and providing the Service Area Identifier to the (21) Appl. No.: 12/666,036 service level network. The Service Area Identifier is then used for different location based services and applications in the (22) PCT Filed: Jun. 22, 2007 service level network nodes. Get SATA cell D Send SASA Patent Application Publication Jul. 29, 2010 Sheet 1 of 5 US 2010/O189035 A1 Contro interface Internet, " see Data litterface Operator Services, etc. -
5G INDOOR ROUTER Fx2000e USER GUIDE 2
USER GUIDE Inseego WavemakerTM PRO 5G Indoor Router FX2000e INSEEGO COPYRIGHT STATEMENT © 2021 Inseego Corp. All rights reserved. Complying with all copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), or for any purpose without the expressed written permission of Inseego Corp. SOFTWARE LICENSE Proprietary Rights Provisions: Any software drivers provided with this product are copyrighted by Inseego Corp. and/or Inseego Corp.’s suppliers. Although copyrighted, the software drivers are unpublished and embody valuable trade secrets proprietary to Inseego Corp. and/or Inseego Corp. suppliers. The disassembly, decompilation, and/or Reverse Engineering of the software drivers for any purpose is strictly prohibited by international law. The copying of the software drivers, except for a reasonable number of back-up copies is strictly prohibited by international law. It is forbidden by international law to provide access to the software drivers to any person for any purpose other than processing the internal data for the intended use of the software drivers. U.S. Government Restricted Rights Clause: The software drivers are classified as “Commercial Computing device Software” and the U.S. Government is acquiring only “Restricted Rights” in the software drivers and their Documentation. U.S. Government Export Administration Act Compliance Clause: It is forbidden by US law to export, license or otherwise transfer the software drivers or Derivative Works to any country where such transfer is prohibited by the United States Export Administration Act, or any successor legislation, or in violation of the laws of any other country. -
1G 2G 3G LTE 4G What's Next
What’s Next in the Cellular Evolution & How to Leverage it for New Business As you will come to see, this goal can 2006 only be accomplished by phasing out 3G and reallocating the extra bandwidth to 4G LTE. This task can only be described 2001 as daunting and challenging from not just 2018 our security perspective, but more so from theirs. 1989 Looking for more proof? First, because of demand it is necessary to upgrade all cellular networks on a regular basis. Two 2002 billion people on the planet use cellphones, according to James Katz, professor of com- munication at Rutgers University. In fact, as of 2011 there were more cellphone sub- 1999 scribers in the United States than people, ac- LTE cording to a study, underwritten by CTIA, a trade association representing the wireless 1983 1G 2G 3G 4G communications industry in the U.S., as re- ported by Bridget Kelly, author of “What Is Courtesy of Napco StarLink the Role of the Cell Phone in Communica- tion Today?” Ride the New Wave in Cellular for New RMR Society at large is becoming more mo- bile-oriented because of convenience, busi- There’s undeniably a lot of upside system control, remote video monitoring or ness and personal lifestyles. According to for savvy installing security contractors long-distance doorbells. We as an industry market research firm Statista of New York and fire/life-safety professionals whose are on the small screen to the tune of brand City, the number of smartphone users is billable offerings keep pace with the new relevance and new recurring revenue. -
Handover Parameters Optimisation Techniques in 5G Networks
sensors Article Handover Parameters Optimisation Techniques in 5G Networks Wasan Kadhim Saad 1,2,*, Ibraheem Shayea 2, Bashar J. Hamza 1, Hafizal Mohamad 3, Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh 4 and Waheb A. Jabbar 5,6 1 Engineering Technical College-Najaf, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Najaf 31001, Iraq; [email protected] 2 Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Istanbul 34467, Turkey; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia; hafi[email protected] 4 Department of Computer Engineering and Networks, College of Engineering at Wadi Addawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11991, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 5 Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Malaysia; [email protected] 6 Center for Software Development & Integrated Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The massive growth of mobile users will spread to significant numbers of small cells for the Fifth Generation (5G) mobile network, which will overlap the fourth generation (4G) network. A tremendous increase in handover (HO) scenarios and HO rates will occur. Ensuring stable and reliable connection through the mobility of user equipment (UE) will become a major problem in future mobile networks. This problem will be magnified with the use of suboptimal handover control parameter (HCP) settings, which can be configured manually or automatically. Therefore, Citation: Saad, W.K.; Shayea, I.; the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of different HCP settings on the performance Hamza, B.J.; Mohamad, H.; of 5G network. -
Enhanced Mobility Management Mechanisms for 5G Networks
Enhanced mobility management mechanisms for 5G Networks Akshay Jain ADVERTIMENT La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del r e p o s i t o r i i n s t i t u c i o n a l UPCommons (http://upcommons.upc.edu/tesis) i el repositori cooperatiu TDX ( h t t p : / / w w w . t d x . c a t / ) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei UPCommons o TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a UPCommons (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del repositorio institucional UPCommons (http://upcommons.upc.edu/tesis) y el repositorio cooperativo TDR (http://www.tdx.cat/?locale- attribute=es) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio UPCommons No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a UPCommons (framing). -
Location Provider E-Mail to SMS Address Format
To create an e-mail address for your cell phone number, simply locate your cell phone carrier in the list below and replace the word number with your cell phone number. US and North American Carriers Location Provider E-mail to SMS address format United States Alaska Communications number @msg.acsalaska.com Bluegrass Cellular number @sms.bluecell.com Cincinnati Bell Wireless number @gocbw.com Cricket number @sms.mycricket.com C Spire Wireless number @cspire1.com Edge Wireless number @sms.edgewireless.com General Communications Inc. number @msg.gci.net Qwest Wireless number @qwestmp.com Southern LINC number @page.southernlinc.com Teleflip number @teleflip.com Telus number @msg.telus.com Unicel number @utext.com West Central Wireless number @sms.wcc.net XIT Communications number @sms.xit.net Aruba Setar Mobile number @mas.aw Bermuda Mobility number @ml.bm Canada Aliant number @wirefree.informe.ca Bell Mobility number @txt.bellmobility.ca Fido number @fido.ca MTS Mobility number @text.mtsmobility.com President’s Choice number @mobiletxt.ca Rogers Wireless number @pcs.rogers.com Sasktel Mobility number @pcs.sasktelmobility.com Telus number @msg.telus.com Virgin Mobile Canada number @vmobile.ca Puerto Rico Claro number @vtexto.com International Carriers Location Provider E-mail to SMS address format Argentina Claro number @sms.ctimovil.com.ar Movistar number @sms.movistar.net.ar Nextel TwoWay.11number @nextel.net.ar Australia Telstra number @sms.tim.telstra.com T-Mobile/Optus Zoo number @optusmobile.com.au Austria T-Mobile number @sms.t-mobile.at -
SMS Text Messaging Faqs
Parents and Guardians You can take advantage of our Text Messaging Service Our schools and district utilizes the SchoolMessenger system to deliver text messages, straight to your mobile phone with important information about events, school closings, safety alerts and more.* You can participate in this free service* just by sending a text message of “Y” or “Yes” to our school’s short code number, 67587. You can also opt out of these messages at any time by simply replying to one of our messages with “Stop”. Opt-In from Just send your mobile “Y” or “Yes” phone now to 67587 SchoolMessenger is compliant with the Student Privacy PledgeTM, so you can rest assured that your information is safe and will never be given or sold to anyone. www.KPBSD.org Information about SMS text messaging and Short Codes: SMS stands for Short Message Service and is commonly referred to as a "text message". Most cell phones support this type of text messaging. Our notification provider, SchoolMessenger, uses a true SMS protocol developed by the telecommunications industry specifically for mass text messaging, referred to as “short code” texting. This method is fast, secure and highly reliable because it is strictly regulated by the wireless carriers and only allows access to approved providers. If you’ve ever sent a text vote for a TV show to a number like 46999, you have used short code texting. *Terms and Conditions – Message frequency varies. Standard message and data rates may apply. Reply HELP for help. Text STOP to cancel. Mobile carriers are not liable for delayed or undelivered messages. -
Trusted Connectivity Alliance Recommended 5G SIM: a Definition
Trusted Connectivity Alliance Recommended 5G SIM: A Definition February 2021 1 Copyright © 2021 Trusted Connectivity Alliance ltd. The information contained in this document may be used, disclosed and reproduced without the prior written authorization of Trusted Connectivity Alliance. Readers are advised that Trusted Connectivity Alliance reserves the right to amend and update this document without prior notice. Updated versions will be published on the Trusted Connectivity Alliance website at http://www.trustedconnectivityalliance.org Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Disclaimer Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of any material available for download from the specification pages on Trusted Connectivity Alliance's website may be the subject of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) of third parties, some, but not all, of which are identified below. Trusted Connectivity Alliance shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such IPR, and has made no inquiry into the possible existence of any such IPR. TRUSTED CONNECTIVITY ALLIANCE SPECIFICATIONS ARE OFFERED WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, AND IN PARTICULAR, ANY WARRANTY OF NON- INFRINGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. ANY IMPLEMENTATION OF ANY TRUSTED CONNECTIVITY ALLIANCE SPECIFICATION SHALL BE MADE ENTIRELY AT THE IMPLEMENTER'S OWN RISK, AND NEITHER TRUSTED CONNECTIVITY ALLIANCE, NOR ANY OF ITS MEMBERS OR SUBMITTERS, SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER TO ANY IMPLEMENTER OR THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY -
Information Technology Services Travel Tips for Smartphones
Information Technology Services Travel Tips for Smartphones Reducing charges on your smartphone when travelling outside Canada You can use data services when travelling outside Canada; however cellular data usage is not included by default in plans while roaming and it comes at a premium. Without a travel bundle, when you are outside of Canada, you could incur significant data roaming charges when you use services such as email, web browing and app downloads and services. When you are outside of your Canadian carrier network: . Your smartphone will display a service provider name other than your carrier. You will receive a text message welcoming you abroad. Read the rates sent in a free text message for voice, text and data roaming so there are no surprises on your bill. The advertised rates will be higher than rates of a travel bundle. You will also receive this same message when you have added travel bundle(s), the message will not reflect the lower rates you will have in place. Tips to reduce charges Disable roaming To prevent roaming charges completely when travelling, put your smartphone on Airplane or Flight mode. If you still want your device available for voice calls or texts, turn data roaming off. Email, web browsing and other functions requiring data services will only be available when you are connected to wi-fi. Please note wi-fi may not always function as a substitute for data roaming. Ensure data roaming is disabled if you want to use wi-fi only. If you do not, your smartphone may switch to a mobile network if the wi-fi signal becomes weak or you leave the coverage area, thus potentially incurring excessive data roaming charges.