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Ba'ath Propaganda During the Iran-Iraq War Jennie Matuschak [email protected]
Bucknell University Bucknell Digital Commons Honors Theses Student Theses Spring 2019 Nationalism and Multi-Dimensional Identities: Ba'ath Propaganda During the Iran-Iraq War Jennie Matuschak [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses Part of the International Relations Commons, and the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons Recommended Citation Matuschak, Jennie, "Nationalism and Multi-Dimensional Identities: Ba'ath Propaganda During the Iran-Iraq War" (2019). Honors Theses. 486. https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses/486 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. iii Acknowledgments My first thanks is to my advisor, Mehmet Döşemeci. Without taking your class my freshman year, I probably would not have become a history major, which has changed my outlook on the world. Time will tell whether this is good or bad, but for now I am appreciative of your guidance. Also, thank you to my second advisor, Beeta Baghoolizadeh, who dealt with draft after draft and provided my thesis with the critiques it needed to stand strongly on its own. Thank you to my friends for your support and loyalty over the past four years, which have pushed me to become the best version of myself. Most importantly, I value the distractions when I needed a break from hanging out with Saddam. Special shout-out to Andrew Raisner for painstakingly reading and editing everything I’ve written, starting from my proposal all the way to the final piece. -
MIDDLE EAST WATCH OVERVIEW Human Rights Developments The
MIDDLE EAST WATCH OVERVIEW Human Rights Developments The political earthquake that shook the Middle East on September 13, when Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) signed an interim self-government accord, may have marked the beginning of the end of the forty-five-year-old Arab-Israeli conflict. In the medium term, it may also come to mark a parallel improvement in human rights conditionsCnot just in the Israeli-occupied territories, but in those frontline states that have long used the conflict as a pretext for violations of the fundamental rights of their own peoples. Such aspirations could, equally, prove to be mere wishful thinking: human rights per se figured little in the interstate negotiations that took place during 1993, and few officials from any party to the talks, including the United States, publicly articulated concern for human rights. Under prodding, PLO Chairman Yassir Arafat was one of those who did, after the signing; but, misgivings persisted as to whether the PLO was truly committed to a future in which respect for human rights and a pluralistic democracy would be realized. In counterpoint, there were no early signs of an Israeli reassessment of long-established abusive policies and practices in the occupied territories. Welcome though the Israel-PLO agreement was as an augury of peace, in the region as a wholeCfrom the Maghreb states of North Africa to IranCthe accord was overshadowed by a broader conflict with pervasive implications for human rights: a contest for power, ideological domination, and control over social behavior between insurgent Islamists and established regimes, themselves often of little popular legitimacy and a secular, pro-Western cast. -
Shut the War Down!
workers.org Workers and oppressed peoples of the world unite! AUGUST 25, 2005 VOL. 47, NO. 33 50¢ No refuge for Bush as Madre de soldado ultimado en Irak confronta a Bush 12 El Pentágono gasta $500 millones en tropas en África 12 Anti-war activists From Black Teamsters’ Caucus: Farrakhan to address occupy Crawford By Dustin Langley Black labor Langley from Crawford While the events of the past few weeks have proven By Chris Silvera Aug. 17—People have converged here from all over—I just spoke to that the Pentagon is not capable even of successfully Chair of the Teamsters someone who drove overnight from Atlanta. Everybody’s walking occupying the Green Zone in Baghdad, as of Aug. 16 National Black Caucus around with so much enthusiasm. It’s a tangible feeling that we’re at the the anti-war movement in this country has success- center of something—of a movement that can really grow and stop the The Teamsters National Black fully occupied Crawford, Texas, the home of President war. I’ll be sending updates to Workers World. Visit www.workers.org. Caucus is an organization of Black George W. Bush. trade unionists fighting to defeat This remarkable development, which has given the discrimination inside and outside U.S. anti-war movement a new burst of vitality, is due of the International Brotherhood of largely to the efforts of Cindy Sheehan. Teamsters. We believe in educating Sheehan is from Vacaville, Calif. Her son Casey Sheehan was and activating the rank and file. killed in Baghdad’s Sadr City on April 4, 2004. -
Huge Beirut Rally Rebuffs 'Gucci Revolution'
workers.org Workers and oppressed peoples of the world unite! MARCH 17, 2005 VOL. 47, NO. 9 50¢ •EEUU amenaza a presidente venezolano Lebanese reject •Tribunal: ‘No pena de muerte para jóvenes’ 12 U.S. intervention FIGHT FOR EMPIRE? Recruiting takes Huge Beirut rally rebuffs ‘Gucci revolution’ nose dive 3 By Fred Goldstein to the demands by the Bush administration and its allies and stooges that Syria remove its troops from Lebanon and that The Lebanese people converged on Beirut from all the poor Hezbollah be disarmed. areas of the country on March 6 in a massive anti-imperialist, Reuters of March 8, referring to a speech by Hezbollah leader anti-Zionist showing. They gave a resounding rebuff to efforts Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah, reported that “Nasrallah said no one by the Bush administration to isolate Syria, attack Hezbollah and in Lebanon feared the United States, whose troops left Beirut in set the stage for expanding its war for “regime change” in the 1984”—a few months after a car bombing which killed 241 Middle East to Damascus. Marines at their headquarters in Beirut. “We have defeated them WOMEN’S Organizers said 1 million demonstrated. Even the most mod- in the past and if they come again we will defeat them again,” he HISTORY erate estimate by the big business press was half a million. is reported to have said. Overhead panning of the demonstration by video cameras show- Placards at the rally, according to the AP, said “Syria & MONTH ing it overflowing Riyadh Solh Square in central Beirut for as far Lebanon brothers forever,” “America is the source of terrorism,” as the eye could see in all directions. -
Leadership Style and Diversionary
Syracuse University SURFACE Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Political Science - Dissertations Affairs 2011 Leadership Style And Diversionary Theory Of Foreign Policy: The Use Of Diversionary Strategies By Middle Eastern Leaders During And In The Immediate Aftermath Of The Gulf War Kilic Bugra Kanat Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/psc_etd Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Kanat, Kilic Bugra, "Leadership Style And Diversionary Theory Of Foreign Policy: The Use Of Diversionary Strategies By Middle Eastern Leaders During And In The Immediate Aftermath Of The Gulf War" (2011). Political Science - Dissertations. 104. https://surface.syr.edu/psc_etd/104 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract The diversionary theory of war is one of the most speculated about and debated theories in foreign policy literature. The theory argues that government leaders who are confronted with public antagonism over domestic economic, social, and political problems sometimes start wars to divert their populaces‘ attention from domestic problems and therefore to survive politically. Numerous foreign policy conflicts have been interpreted as being diversionary in nature and it has been commonplace for analysts to examine the domestic politics and problems of countries that engage in international conflict. Specifically, the use of force by US Presidents against external actors, such as U.S. President George H.W. Bush‘s operation against Grenada and the First Gulf War, and U.S. -
Cogjm.Vol-5 Num-2.Pdf (4.524Mb)
WORDS FROM THE WISE TO OPEN THE WORLD SOCIAL State of FORUM week before the World Economic Forum Disunion convened in Davos to discuss how to further SEE YOU IN THE STREETS A the control of transnational capital over the NUMBER OF NEW ORLEANS world, people from every part of the globe gathered FEBRUARY 2007 VOL. 5 NO. 2 in Nairobi under the banner, “Another World Is RESIDENTS PERCENT OF THOSE Possible” and because of this said Desmond Tutu, that have not returned who have not returned “God is smiling.” after Hurricane Katrina: that are African The World Social Forum began with a march 175,000 American: from Kibera (the largest slum in Africa) to Uhuru 80 A MOMENTMOMENT FROMFROM (peace) Park. Simultaneously, the ecumenical AMOUNT THAT platform was holding a service in front of the LOUISIANA NUMBER OF AN UNSEEN REVOLUTION Anglican, Basilica. Dispelling the capitalist myth was told it owed FEMA ADDITIONAL that greed and competition should be the operating for aid after Hurricanes MILITARY POLICE principles of social order, Archbishop Desmond Katrina and Rita: TROOPS Tutu declared, “We are made for interdependence 3,700,000,000 being sent to New and partnership. Each according to their ability, Orleans: each according to their need. We are made for NUMBER OF US 300 sharing.” HELICOPTERS “There can be no human being who exists on that have been shot NUMBER OF US his own…That we are bound to one another is the down in the last three TROOPS fundamental reality of our being….The only way weeks in Iraq: that have been killed we can ever be free is together. -
The Ba'th Party in Iraq: from Its Beginning Through Today
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1993-12 The Ba'th Party in Iraq: from its beginning through today Cabana, Joel L. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39665 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA AD-A276 153 ~TC T'-7'CTE S•,AR 0 11994 S"'•THESIS THE BA'TH PARTY IN IRAQ: FROM ITS BEGINNING THROUGH TODAY by Joel L. Cabana December 1993 Thesis Advisor: Ralph H. Magnus Second Reader: Kanil T. Said Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 94-06643 - 2• R 068 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE form Approved ,~or~aI OMB NO 0704-0ie8 PNX ow i~ngDW,•aeA for this colloc'uoo of ml/oenatiort ,s "i,ritlgdlq 1o ever&"l~ i hour per respo)nse. inc4ludin t"• tirrf/ ltO reviewing instructios, searching eqwvfing dat|al 10.rc Silow:;• and mai4ntaiin the data needed. and coring tin and reviewing the ci'linoft of *focqlOna- Send commients re~rtdig th~tslovitat"q estionte or &nv olne, #%we(t Of lZi ,~ont~o of nfm4( , *•llh! v•t~n ~ N ,Wc this for~e o oh•O , ur*.trs rtv Clit, 0'rectOrate vof infoitnotO O,rotno era , tiona I l Dnd ,. ii is iteltrTion 04..S "h.y. Suite 14. 47lo n. 9Vr•i , PO214 the OUf O ie f Management and Budgt I'iaPrwoki d01 .on Project (004-014) Washington. OC 20503 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 12. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED 11993 December Masters Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE S. FUNDING NUMBERS The Ba'th Party in Iraq: From Its Beginning Through Today 16. -
October 2007 in This Pa111phlet
.:/~ . Special Supplement $2 Internationalist Why We Fight for workers strikes Against the war (/) c (1) ~ 0 (Q (Q fill) Defeat U.S. Imperialist War and the Bosses' VVar "At Home"! Break with the Democrats - For a Class-Struggle Workers Party! An Internationalist Group Pamphlet October 2007 In this pa111phlet... Internationalist Group - League for the Fourth International Why We Fight for Workers Strikes Against the War (and the Trotskyism and One of a series of Opportunists Don't) ............................... 3 Internationalist Group Trade-Union Struggle British Antiwar Train Drivers class readings. Stop Arms .............................................. 6 Includes articles from Lenin and Trotsky on Oakland Dock Workers Honor Picket, trade-union struggle, Shut Down War Cargo Shipper ......... 7 articles from The Internationalist, plus a Protest Against Racist Cop Attack series of articles from on Bay Area Longshore Workers ........ 9 the 1970s on Mumia Abu-Jamal: Communist and Trotskyist work in the Beaten on the Docks .......................... 10 trade unions. Internationalist Group Class Readings ILWU Dock Workers Under Attack ....... 11 December 2005 S2 US$2 SL Rejects Calls for Labor Strikes Against Imperialist War Moves ........ 14 Order from/make checks payable to: Mundial Publications, Box 3321, Church Street Station, New York, New York 10008, U.S.A. ILWU: Defense Victory in Neptune Jade Picket Case ................ 17 Visit the League for the Fourth International/ Strike to Defend ILWU Union Gains Under Attack! ....................................... 21 Internationalist Group on the Internet Bush Uses Slave Labor Law Against http://www. internationalist. org West Coast Dock Workers ................. 24 Now available on our site: • Founding Statement of the Mobilize International Labor Action Internationalist Group to Defend the ILWU! .......................... -
1 the Human Cost of US Interventions in Iraq
The Human Cost of U.S. Interventions in Iraq: A History From the 1960s Through the Post-9/11 Wars Zainab Saleh1 October 13, 2020 The United States government has justified decades of intervention in Iraq in a variety of ways, the most recent of which is the current “war on terrorism.” All of these interventions have had devastating costs and consequences for Iraqis. Since the 1960s, the U.S. has treated Iraq as essential to its own economic and geopolitical interests; Iraqi arms purchases have bolstered the American military-industrial complex and stable access to Middle East oil has secured U.S. dominance in the global economy. As the U.S. has pursued these interests in Iraq, U.S. interventions have reshaped the Iraqi social, political, and cultural landscape. While the role the United States has played in Iraq since the 1960s is beginning to receive some scholarly attention, it remains widely unknown to the American public. Iraqis have lived in the shadow of U.S. interventions for decades, whereby the United States has attempted to control events and resources in the Gulf region. In 1958, the fall of the Iraqi monarchy brought an end to British influence in Iraq and the emergence of the United States as a major player in Iraqi affairs. In 1963, under the pretext of protecting the region from a communist threat, the Central Intelligence Agency backed the Ba‘th coup, an Arab nationalist party, after Iraq nationalized most of its oil fields. During the 1980s, the United States supported Saddam Hussein’s regime and prolonged the Iran-Iraq War in order to safeguard its national interests in the region, which entailed weakening Iran after the Islamic Revolution in 1979 to prevent it from posing a threat to U.S. -
Utah Miners Protest Boss Plan to Hire Replacements for Unionists
AUSTRALIA $1.50 · CANADA $1.50 · FRANCE 1.00 EURO · ICELAND KR100 · NEW ZEALAND $2.00 · SWEDEN KR10 · UK £.50 · U.S. $1.00 INSIDE How Red Army under Stalin's command stood by while Nazis slaughtered Poles — PAGES 6–7 A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF WORKING PEOPLE VOL. 69/NO. 13 APRIL 4, 2005 Utah miners protest boss plan to Schiavo case: Most oppose hire replacements for unionists gov’t intrusion BY JOEL BRITTON AND GUILLERMO into right ESQUIVEL PRICE, Utah—“Protest the il- legal fi rings by Co-Op mine.” to privacy “We want our jobs back.” BY KARL BUTTS “Kingstons: You can run but TAMPA, Florida—U.S. Congress met you can’t hide.” in an emergency session March 20 to pass “Cockroaches: We know where legislation aimed at determining the medi- your hiding hole is.” cal care of a single individual. Three days “Honk for support!” before the vote, with the demagogic claim These were some of the signs that the aim of the bill was to guarantee that in English and Spanish that Co- a “culture of life must extend to individu- Op miners held up at an informa- als with disabilities,” U.S. president George tional picket line March 23 as coal Bush gave his backing to the legislation, trucks and passenger vehicles titled “A bill to provide for the relief of the drove by on busy Ridge Road a parents of Theresa Marie Schiavo.” few miles south of Price. The measure aims to take the decision- The weather was cold, with making power over the fate of Terri Schiavo, freezing rain giving way to hail, a Florida woman who has been in what and fi nally sunshine as a dozen doctors describe as a “persistent vegetative miners and supporters pressed Militant photos by Terri Moss state” for 15 years, out of the hands of her their case to get their jobs back Miners fi ghting to win UMWA spouse and legal guardian, Michael Schiavo. -
By Wayne Price
The U.S. Deserves to Lose in Iraq but Should We A New York anarchist takes a long look at the US occupation of Iraq, the resistance to “Support the Iraqi Resistance”? that occupation and where anarchists should focus their energies. Includes a look M A US Anarchist’s Opinion on the Iraqi War M at what the rest of the left is saying and what the historical anarchist position towards wars of national liberation have been M za la B a o b o k a s Z MM “ K “ n ! o e w e l r ed F ge be is the Key to by Wayne Price The U.S. Deserves to Lose in Iraq M Page 28 The U.S. Deserves to Lose in Iraq but Should We “Support the Iraqi Resistance”? M A US Anarchist’s Opinion on the Iraqi War M by Wayne Price Related Link: www.utopianmag.com Front cover graphic by Mike Flugennock from http://sinkers.org/stage/?m=200507 Debate on this text can be found online at: www.anarkismo.net/article/1016 M Zabalaza Books M “Knowledge is the Key to be Free! “ Post: Postnet Suite 47, Private Bag X1, Fordsburg, South Africa, 2033 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.zabalaza.net Wayne Price M Page 27 M Anarchists Oppose all Forms of Oppression To most modern anarchists, anarchism is not just against capitalism, but also against all forms of domination and oppression. Capitalism (the capital/labour relationship) does not stand alone. It is intertwined with other forms of oppres- sion: gender, racial, sexual freedom, sexual orientation, age, physical disabilities, ecological, and so on. -
Justice for the Jena 6! Drop the Charges Now!
· AUSTRALIA $1.50 · CANADA $1.50 · FRANCE 1.00 EURO · NEW ZEALAND $1.50 · SWEDEN KR10 · UK £.50 · U.S. $1.00 INSIDE March on Washington protests Iraq war — PAGE 3 A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF WORKING PEOPLE VOL. 71/NO. 36 October 1, 2007 Justice for the Jena 6! Minnesota meat packers Drop the charges now! rally to defend union We stand with the thousands march- ing in Jena, Louisiana, and in solidarity NLRB calls decertification election actions across the country on September 20 to demand justice for the Jena Six. These six Black youths face felony charges with possible decades-long prison terms because they stood up to racists who hung nooses at their high school. Far from an “innocent prank,” EDITORIAL nooses are aimed at terrorizing Blacks and anyone else who gets “out of line” in capitalist society. They recall decades Militant/Tom Baumann September 19 picket line outside Dakota Premium Foods preceded rally backing meat of legal and extralegal violence—from packers there defending their union from a company decertification drive. Klan lynchings to cop riots. The harsh prison sentences hang- BY REBECCA WILLIAMSON Premium Foods beef slaughterhouse ing over the heads of the Six are all SOUTH ST. PAUL, Minnesota, here. The plant is organized by the too familiar for millions of working September 16—The National Labor United Food and Commercial Workers Relations Board (NLRB) announced (UFCW) Local 789. The Daily Town Talk/Tia Owens-Powers people caught up in the capitalist “jus- July 31 march through Jena, Louisiana, de- tice” system.