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Chinese Privatization: Between Plan and Market
CHINESE PRIVATIZATION: BETWEEN PLAN AND MARKET LAN CAO* I INTRODUCTION Since 1978, when China adopted its open-door policy and allowed its economy to be exposed to the international market, it has adhered to what Deng Xiaoping called "socialism with Chinese characteristics."1 As a result, it has produced an economy with one of the most rapid growth rates in the world by steadfastly embarking on a developmental strategy of gradual, market-oriented measures while simultaneously remaining nominally socialistic. As I discuss in this article, this strategy of reformthe mere adoption of a market economy while retaining a socialist ownership baseshould similarly be characterized as "privatization with Chinese characteristics,"2 even though it departs markedly from the more orthodox strategy most commonly associated with the term "privatization," at least as that term has been conventionally understood in the context of emerging market or transitional economies. The Russian experience of privatization, for example, represents the more dominant and more favored approach to privatizationcertainly from the point of view of the West and its advisersand is characterized by immediate privatization of the state sector, including the swift and unequivocal transfer of assets from the publicly owned state enterprises to private hands. On the other hand, "privatization with Chinese characteristics" emphasizes not the immediate privatization of the state sector but rather the retention of the state sector with the Copyright © 2001 by Lan Cao This article is also available at http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/63LCPCao. * Professor of Law, College of William and Mary Marshall-Wythe School of Law. At the time the article was written, the author was Professor of Law at Brooklyn Law School. -
"Functional Socialism'' and "Functional Capitalism" : the "Socialist Market Economy" in China
"Functional Socialism'' and "Functional Capitalism" : The "Socialist Market Economy" in China 著者 Takeshita Koshi journal or Kansai University review of economics publication title volume 18 page range 1-25 year 2016-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10112/00017203 Kansai University Review of Economics No.18 (March 2016), pp.1-25 ^Tunctional Socialism'' and ^Tunctional Capitalism — The "Socialist Market Economy" in China — Koshi Takeshita Based on a framework that conceives of ownership (property rights) as "a bundle of rights," We propose four types of ownership system, build concept models of "functional socialism" and "func tional capitalism," and then try to clarify the reality of Chinas "socialist market economy" We reached the following conclusions. First, we schematize the correspondence between "functional socialism" and "functional capi talism." Second, we show that a process of land ownership reform and state-owned enterprises reform corresponded with a schema of "functional capitalism." Third, we found that the ownership structure of the "socialist market economy" in China is now sepa rated into three different sets of rights regarding ownership (prop erty rights). Finally, we show that the reality of the "socialist market economy" is not a free market, but a market controlled by the Communist Party. Keywords: market socialism, state capitalism, property rights approach, land owner ship reform, reform of SOEs (state-owned enterprises) 1. Introduction: analytical viewpoint^^ Following the remarkable rise of Chinas economy, there has been an increase in discussion about the diverse forms that capitalism can take.^^However, when one considers that China calls its own system a "socialist market economy," one may wonder if it is better to think about the multiple forms that socialism can take. -
Report on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Report on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development German Voluntary National Review to the HLPF 2021 1 German Voluntary National Review to the HLPF 2021 All states are called upon to take swifter and more ambitious action to implement the Agenda. With the update to the German Sustainable Development Strategy [adopted in March 2021], the German Government therefore aims to pick up the pace on the path to greater sustainability, both at home and in international cooperation. [...] If we are to achieve the goals of the German Sustainable Development Strategy and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, we must embark on a truly demanding transformation of key areas such as energy, the circular economy, housing, transport, food and agriculture. In Germany we plan to advance the transformation process by updating our German Sustainable Development Strategy and by harnessing education, research and innovation. (Federal Chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel in her foreword to the updated German Sustainable Development Strategy) German Voluntary National Review to the HLPF 2021 3 4 Content 1. Key messages 7 1.1 The twofold challenge: Pandemic response and the transition to sustainable development for a better and green recovery 8 1.2 Main areas of transition, unhalted by the pandemic response, within the leitmotifs of the 2030 Agenda: People, planet, prosperity, peace and partnership 9 1.3 Joint action; global responsibility; peace and security 14 2. Institutional and procedural aspects 17 3. Important changes 23 4. Pursuit -
1How Do We Compare Economies?
1 How Do We Compare Economies? As mankind approaches the end of the millennium, the twin crises of authoritarianism and socialist central planning have left only one competitor standing in the ring as an ideology of potentially uni- versal validity: liberal democracy, the doctrine of individual freedom and popular sovereignty. In its economic manifestation, liberalism is the recognition of the right of free economic activity and economic exchange based on private property and markets. —Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man, 1992 INTRODUCTION We have witnessed a profound transformation of the world political and economic order since 1989, the ultimate outcome of which is difficult to foresee. The former Soviet Union (FSU)1 broke up, its empire of satellite states dissolved, and most of the former constituent parts are trying to fulfill Fukyama’s prophecy quoted above. In his view, the end of the Cold War means the convergence of the entire world on the American model of political econ- omy and the end of any significant competition between alternative forms of political or economic systems. Has this prophecy come true? We think not. Certainly during the second half of the 1990s, the economic boom in the United States pushed it forward as a role model that many coun- tries sought and still seek to emulate. But with the outbreak of financial crises in many parts of the globe and the bursting of the American stock market bubble in March 2000, its eco- nomic problems such as continuing poverty and inequality loom large. Furthermore, it is now clear that the problems in the FSU are deeply rooted, with the transitions in various former Soviet republics stalled. -
Socialist Planning
Socialist Planning Socialist planning played an enormous role in the economic and political history of the twentieth century. Beginning in the USSR it spread round the world. It influenced economic institutions and economic policy in countries as varied as Bulgaria, USA, China, Japan, India, Poland and France. How did it work? What were its weaknesses and strengths? What is its legacy for the twenty-first century? Now in its third edition, this textbook is fully updated to cover the findings of the period since the collapse of the USSR. It provides an overview of socialist planning, explains the underlying theory and its limitations, looks at its implementation in various sectors of the economy, and places developments in their historical context. A new chap- ter analyses how planning worked in the defence–industry complex. This book is an ideal text for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in comparative economic systems and twentieth-century economic history. michael ellman is Emeritus Professor in the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands. He is the author, co- author and editor of numerous books and articles on the Soviet and Russian economies, on transition economics, and on Soviet economic and political history. In 1998, he was awarded the Kondratieff prize for his ‘contributions to the development of the social sciences’. Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.122.253.212 on Sat Jan 10 18:08:28 GMT 2015. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139871341 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2015 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.122.253.212 on Sat Jan 10 18:08:28 GMT 2015. -
Market Socialism As a Distinct Socioeconomic Formation Internal to the Modern Mode of Production
New Proposals: Journal of Marxism and Interdisciplinary Inquiry Vol. 5, No. 2 (May 2012) Pp. 20-50 Market Socialism as a Distinct Socioeconomic Formation Internal to the Modern Mode of Production Alberto Gabriele UNCTAD Francesco Schettino University of Rome ABSTRACT: This paper argues that, during the present historical period, only one mode of production is sustainable, which we call the modern mode of production. Nevertheless, there can be (both in theory and in practice) enough differences among the specific forms of modern mode of production prevailing in different countries to justify the identification of distinct socioeconomic formations, one of them being market socialism. In its present stage of evolution, market socialism in China and Vietnam allows for a rapid development of productive forces, but it is seriously flawed from other points of view. We argue that the development of a radically reformed and improved form of market social- ism is far from being an inevitable historical necessity, but constitutes a theoretically plausible and auspicable possibility. KEYWORDS: Marx, Marxism, Mode of Production, Socioeconomic Formation, Socialism, Communism, China, Vietnam Introduction o our view, the correct interpretation of the the most advanced mode of production, capitalism, presently existing market socialism system (MS) was still prevailing only in a few countries. Yet, Marx Tin China and Vietnam requires a new and partly confidently predicted that, thanks to its intrinsic modified utilization of one of Marx’s fundamental superiority and to its inbuilt tendency towards inces- categories, that of mode of production. According to sant expansion, capitalism would eventually embrace Marx, different Modes of Production (MPs) and dif- the whole world. -
Shut the War Down!
workers.org Workers and oppressed peoples of the world unite! AUGUST 25, 2005 VOL. 47, NO. 33 50¢ No refuge for Bush as Madre de soldado ultimado en Irak confronta a Bush 12 El Pentágono gasta $500 millones en tropas en África 12 Anti-war activists From Black Teamsters’ Caucus: Farrakhan to address occupy Crawford By Dustin Langley Black labor Langley from Crawford While the events of the past few weeks have proven By Chris Silvera Aug. 17—People have converged here from all over—I just spoke to that the Pentagon is not capable even of successfully Chair of the Teamsters someone who drove overnight from Atlanta. Everybody’s walking occupying the Green Zone in Baghdad, as of Aug. 16 National Black Caucus around with so much enthusiasm. It’s a tangible feeling that we’re at the the anti-war movement in this country has success- center of something—of a movement that can really grow and stop the The Teamsters National Black fully occupied Crawford, Texas, the home of President war. I’ll be sending updates to Workers World. Visit www.workers.org. Caucus is an organization of Black George W. Bush. trade unionists fighting to defeat This remarkable development, which has given the discrimination inside and outside U.S. anti-war movement a new burst of vitality, is due of the International Brotherhood of largely to the efforts of Cindy Sheehan. Teamsters. We believe in educating Sheehan is from Vacaville, Calif. Her son Casey Sheehan was and activating the rank and file. killed in Baghdad’s Sadr City on April 4, 2004. -
Socialist Political Economy with Chinese Characteristics in a New
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/2516-1652.htm Socialist Socialist political economy with political Chinese characteristics in a economy new era Yinxing Hong 259 Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Received 18 October 2020 Revised 18 October 2020 Abstract Accepted 18 October 2020 Purpose – The socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics reflects the characteristics of ushering into a new era, and the research object thereof shifts to productive forces. Emancipating and developing productive forces and achieving common prosperity become the main theme. Wealth supersedes value as the fundamental category of economic analysis. Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical system of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics cannot proceed from transcendental theories but is problem-oriented. Leading problems involve development stages and research-level problems. Findings – The economic operation analysis is subject to the goal of optimal allocation of resources with micro-level analysis focused on efficiency and macro-level analysis focused on economic growth and macroeconomic stability also known as economic security. The economic development analysis explores the laws of development and related development concepts in compliance with laws of productive forces. The new development concepts i.e. the innovative coordinated green open and shared development drive the innovation of development theory in political economy. Originality/value – Accordingly, the political economy cannot study the system only, but also needs to study the problems of economic operation and economic development. Therefore, the theoretical system of the political economy tends to encompass three major parts, namely economic system, economic operation and economic development (including foreign economy). -
Huge Beirut Rally Rebuffs 'Gucci Revolution'
workers.org Workers and oppressed peoples of the world unite! MARCH 17, 2005 VOL. 47, NO. 9 50¢ •EEUU amenaza a presidente venezolano Lebanese reject •Tribunal: ‘No pena de muerte para jóvenes’ 12 U.S. intervention FIGHT FOR EMPIRE? Recruiting takes Huge Beirut rally rebuffs ‘Gucci revolution’ nose dive 3 By Fred Goldstein to the demands by the Bush administration and its allies and stooges that Syria remove its troops from Lebanon and that The Lebanese people converged on Beirut from all the poor Hezbollah be disarmed. areas of the country on March 6 in a massive anti-imperialist, Reuters of March 8, referring to a speech by Hezbollah leader anti-Zionist showing. They gave a resounding rebuff to efforts Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah, reported that “Nasrallah said no one by the Bush administration to isolate Syria, attack Hezbollah and in Lebanon feared the United States, whose troops left Beirut in set the stage for expanding its war for “regime change” in the 1984”—a few months after a car bombing which killed 241 Middle East to Damascus. Marines at their headquarters in Beirut. “We have defeated them WOMEN’S Organizers said 1 million demonstrated. Even the most mod- in the past and if they come again we will defeat them again,” he HISTORY erate estimate by the big business press was half a million. is reported to have said. Overhead panning of the demonstration by video cameras show- Placards at the rally, according to the AP, said “Syria & MONTH ing it overflowing Riyadh Solh Square in central Beirut for as far Lebanon brothers forever,” “America is the source of terrorism,” as the eye could see in all directions. -
Development of Biogas Technologies in Ukraine and Germany: Regulatory and Legal Framework, Status and Prospects
Supported by: According to the Resolution of German Bundestag Development of Biogas Technologies in Ukraine and Germany: Regulatory and Legal Framework, Status and Prospects Kyiv‐Gülzow‐2013 The publication was prepared by: Scientific Engineering Center “Biomass”, Ukraine and Bioenergy Association of Ukraine in cooperation with Center for Economic Studies, Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting, Ukraine and Agency for Renewable Resources (Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V./ FNR), Germany Under the initiative of the Agency for Renewable Resources Financing: The Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection of Germany (Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz / BMELV) within the project framework МОЕ 08‐01 “Promoting the use of renewable resources in the Ukraine with a focus on biomass for energy” Authors: Scientific Engineering Center “Biomass”, Bioenergy Association of Ukraine: Georgii Geletukha Petro Kucheruk Yuri Matveev Center for Economic Studies, Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting: Dmytro Naumenko Publisher: Agency for Renewable Resources (FNR) Editorial: Scientific Engineering Center “Biomass” Design and printing: Energy. Oil & Gas The brochure is available in electronic form on the Russian and English languages at UABio web‐site: www.uabio.org and FNR web‐sites: www.bio‐prom.net and www.mediathek.fnr.de © All rights reserved None part of this publication may be reproduced or used without the publisher permission CONTENT 4 Abbreviations 4 Energy Measurement Units 5 Introduction 6 1. Development of Bioenergy in Germany 7 1.1. General Information 7 1.1.1. RES and Biomass 9 1.1.2. Main Players 10 1.2. Regulatory and Legal Framework for the Development of the Energy Sector 10 1.2.1. -
The Impact of Nazi Economic Policies on German Food Consumtion, 1933-38
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Spoerer, Mark; Streb, Jochen Working Paper Guns and butter - but no margarine: The impact of Nazi economic policies on German food consumtion, 1933-38 FZID Discussion Paper, No. 23-2010 Provided in Cooperation with: University of Hohenheim, Center for Research on Innovation and Services (FZID) Suggested Citation: Spoerer, Mark; Streb, Jochen (2010) : Guns and butter - but no margarine: The impact of Nazi economic policies on German food consumtion, 1933-38, FZID Discussion Paper, No. 23-2010, Universität Hohenheim, Forschungszentrum Innovation und Dienstleistung (FZID), Stuttgart, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-5310 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/44969 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. -
'Bring Troops Home Now!'
workers.org Workers and oppressed peoples of the world unite! OCT. 6, 2005 VOL. 47, NO. 39 50¢ Líder sindical asesinado FBI terror attack en Colombia 12 Monopolio imperialista de la tecnología 12 in Puerto Rico Snipers gun down independence hero, provoking anti-colonial outcry By Tom Soto Rosado and himself, leaving one FBI agent San Juan, Puerto Rico wounded. iHONOR ROSA PARKSi On Sept. 23, as hundreds of workers and Rosado speaks to media DEC. 1 STRIKE their families were participating in the annual Elma Beatriz Rosado addressed the media against racism, poverty pro-independence commemoration known on Sept. 26. As she did, the body of her hus- and war 10 as “El Grito de Lares,” agents of the Federal band was being viewed by thousands of sup- Bureau of Investigation descended on the porters gathered at the Ateneo town of Hormigueros in western Puerto Rico Puertorriqueño (Puerto Rican Literary and fired the shots that killed Puerto Rican lib- Society) and later at the Colegio de Abogados eration hero Filiberto Ojeda Ríos. (College of Attorneys) in San Juan. HURRICANE RITA El Grito de Lares—The Cry of Lares—marks “My husband Filiberto, fearing for my life, Evacuation plan the historic 1868 uprising carried out by peas- urged me to leave,” Rosado said. “He yelled ants and workers against Spanish colonial out to the agents, ‘Someone is coming out, 3 stuck in traffic rule. This rebellion is considered the birth of someone is coming out.’ We kissed and the Puerto Rican nation. hugged. ... When I finally came out of the FBI agents armed with helicopters, military house ..