PROMOTION OF PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION IN GREEK LIBRARIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EDUCATION OF GREEK LIBRARIANS MARIA SKEPASTIANOU Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Library and Information Sciences University of London School of Library, Archive and Information Studies October 1993 ProQuest Number: 10046016 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10046016 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 To George, Veta, Bourhon and unforgettable Irmaki ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My greatest debt is to my supervisor Mr J.H.St.J, Mcllwaine for his support, guidance and advice leading to the completion of the thesis. I would like to extend my gratitude to Dr I.C. Mcllwaine for her valuable suggestions. I would also like to thank all my colleagues who provided me promptly with information necessary for my research, the Public Benefit Foundation "Alexandros S. Onassis" for financial assistance during the last two years of my research and Mr Aref Makooi for his support when most needed. Finally special thanks to my family for their moral support and encouragement during the course of my studies. ABSTRACT This research concerns the promotion of preservation and conservation in Greek Libraries and the education of Greek librarians on preservation issues. Firstly the problems of the current situation are investigated. Based on a question­ naire survey, the factors which affect Greek library materials have been identified. To further substantiate the results of the questionnaire, a book collection survey was conducted. The study reveals the inadequate housing and environmental conditions of the library collections of the libraries sur­ veyed which results from a lack of awareness concerning pre­ ventive preservation measures, lack of preservation programmes and limited conservation education, limited resources for conservation activities, the weak organisational structure and funding of Greek libraries in general. It concludes that unless the existing situation is reversed, collections will continue to deteriorate resulting in the loss of valuable components of the Greek cultural heritage. The contents of possible preservation policy programmes and the problems of their implementation as such in the Greek library environment are described. To improve the situation the establishment of a National Preservation Committee is proposed which will aim at: a) the increase of awareness and education of both librarians and the general public through relevant courses, b) the promotion of the implementation of preservation policies, c) provision of information services. d) promotion of communication and cooperation at local, national and international level and e) addressing national issues such as use of acid-free paper, translation and use of standards and guidelines, research projects, promotion of the creation of conservation and microfilming centres. An improved syllabus for preservation education of library students in the existing library schools and the creation of a preservation administration course are proposed as means for future improvement of the present situation. CONTENTS Acknowledgements 1 Abstract 2 Contents 4 List of Tables 9 List of Graphic Presentations (Figures) 10 List of Appendices 12 List of Charts 13 List of Maps 13 PART A Introduction 15 1. GREECE 27 1.1 Education 27 1.2 Environment 29 1.3 Economy 32 1.4 Paper Production 33 1.5 Book Production 37 1.6 Libraries 39 1.7 Library Education in Greece 59 1.8 Greek Librarians' Association 68 References 71 2. NATURE, STRUCTURE AND REASONS FOR THE DETERIORATION OF PRINTED MATERIAL. THEIR PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION. 73 2.1 Introduction 73 2.2 Nature and Structure of Printed Material 74 2.3 Reasons for Deterioration 82 2.3.1 Internal Reasons 82 2.3.2 External Reasons 88 2.4 Preservation and Conservation 94 Reference 98 3. PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION EDUCATION IN GREECE 100 3.1 Preservation Education 101 3.1.1 Technological Educational Institutions Library School Departments. 101 3.1.2 University of the Ionian. Archive and Library Studies Dept. 103 3.1.3 Libraries and Preservation Education 105 3.2 Conservation Education 105 3.2.1 Technological Educational Institution. School of Graphic and Art Studies. Department of Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art 106 3.2.2 Cultural Foundation of the National Bank 108 3.2.3 Conservation Workshop in Andros 110 3.2.4 Conservation School in Patmos 112 4 3.2.5 Hellenic Organisation of Small and Medium Sized Industries and Handicrafts 113 3.2.6 Private School of Conservation 114 References 116 4. IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE GREEK LIBRARY MATERIALS. 117 4.1 Introduction 117 4.1.1 Type of Library Materials and Libraries 124 4.1.1.1 Type and Size of Printed Collections 125 4.1.2 Factors Affecting Greek Library Materials 127 4.1.2.1 Printed Material According to Publication Date 127 4.1.2.1.1 Publication Dates and Types of Libraries 127 4.1.2.2.1 Buildings Housing Greek Libraries 130 4.1.2.2.2 Construction Date of Surveyed Libraries 131 4.1.2.2.3 Purpose Built Constructions 132 4.1.2.2.4 Purpose Built Building According to Construction Date 134 4.1.2.2.5 Problems of Purpose Built Constructions 136 4.1.2.2.6 Problems of Non Purpose Built Constructions 136 4.1.2.3 Location of Libraries 137 4.1.2.3.1 Specific Area Location of the Libraries 138 4.1.2.4 Staff in Greek Libraries 139 4.1.2.4.1 Qualified and Unqualified staff 141 4.1.2.5 Hazards 143 4.1.2.5.1 Personal Evaluation of Potential Hazard to the Collections 143 4.1.2.5.2 Other Hazards Indicated by the Respondents 145 4.1.2.6 Bio-deterioration Factors 145 4.1.2.7 Disasters in Greece 146 References 147 5. BOOK COLLECTION SURVEY. 148 5.1 Introduction 148 5.2 Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki. Main Library 151 5.2.1 Publication Dates and Size of Collections 152 5.2.2 Places of Publication 153 5.2.3 Paper Condition 154 5.2.4 Paper Condition and Places of Publication 155 5.2.5 Mould and Pest Stains 156 5.2.6 Covering Material and Cover Condition 157 5.2.7 Other Comments 159 5.3 Public (dimotiki) Library of Thessaloniki 161 5.3.1 Results of the Survey. Closed Stacks 162 5.3.1.1 Publication Dates and Size of Collections 162 5.3.1.2 Places of Publication 163 5.3.1.3 Paper Condition 164 5.3.1.4 Paper Condition and Places of Publication 165 5.3.1.5 Mould and Pest Stains 166 5.3.1.6 Covering Material and Cover Condition 167 5.3.1.7 Other Comments 169 5.3.2 Results of the Survey. Open Stacks 170 5.3.2.1 Publication Dates, Places of Publication and Paper condition 170 5.3.2.2 Covering Material and Cover Condition 171 5.3.2.3 Other Comments 173 5.3.2.4 Total Results on the Paper Condition of the Public Library Survey 173 References 175 6. PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION SITUATION IN GREEK LIBRARIES 176 6.1 Activities on Preservation and Conservation 176 6.2 Reasons Hindering Preservation and Conservation Activities 177 6.3 Current Preservation Activities 183 6.4 Conservation Situation 185 6.5 Conservation & Microfilming Dept, at the Greek National Library 188 References 190 Part A. Summary and Conclusion 191 PART B 7. PRESERVATION POLICY PROGRAMMES. THE PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING THEM IN GREEK LIBRARIES 206 7.1 Preservation Policy Programmes 208 7.1.1 Evaluation of Preservation and Conservation Needs 208 7.1.2 Preventive Measures 210 7.1.2.1 Disaster and Security Plans 212 7.1.2.2 Staff and User Education 213 7.1.3 Collection Management and Development 214 7.1.4 Cooperation 215 7.1.5 Conservation Treatments and Procedures 216 7.1.5.1 Preservation of the Artefact. Conservation Treatments 218 7.1.5.2 Preservation of Intellectual Content. Substitution 222 7.2 Preservation Manager: Duties and Required Qualifications 225 7.3 Preservation Policy Programmes in Greek Libraries: the Problems 227 References 237 8. NATIONAL PRESERVATION COMMITTEE 239 8.1 Establishment, Aims, Priorities and Structure 240 8.1.1 Promotion and Increase of Awareness 246 8.1.2 Education 253 8.1.3 Promotion of Implementation of Preservation Policies 262 8.1.4 Information and Consultancy Services 262 8.1.5 Communication/Cooperation 266 8.1.6 National Issues 268 8.1.7 Economics and Location of the National Preservation Committee 273 References 277 9. PRESERVATION POLICY PROGRAMMES FOR GREEK LIBRARIES. THEIR IMPLEMENTATION AND INTEGRATION 278 9.1 Preservation Policy Programmes for Greek Libraries 278 9.1.1 Evaluation of Preservation and Conservation Needs 278 9.1.2 Preventive Measures 282 9.1.3 Disaster and Security Plans 287 9.1.4 Staff and User Education 291 9.1.5 Collection Development and Management 292 9.1.6 Communication and Cooperation 293 9.1.7 Conservation Treatment in Greek Libraries 294 9.1.7.1 Conservation Service Options 294 9.1.7.2 Substitution Service Options 295 9.1.7.3 Considerations for Conservation and Substitution Services 296 9.2 Implementation and Integration of the Preservation Policy Programmes in Greek Libraries 301 9.2.1 Options for Planning the Preservation Programmes 302 9.3 Preservation Managers in Greek Libraries 308 9.4 Preservation's Position in the Libraries' Organisation 310 9.5 Integration of Preservation Progrsunmes 312 References 315 10.