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Your Visit to the Your Visit to the ... D--l:£T 1140 IT by Harold Bellamy When you arrive in downtown De­ tance north of the river, east of Star, Casino and Cinex are still iden­ troit, you are immediately aware that Woodward Avenue at Monroe. The tifiable in the facades of the "Mon­ its street pattern is different than district included Detroit's first movie roe Block,'' a historical frontage. most cities. Rather than streets run­ theatre, the Casino, which opened The Columbia also existed in the ning at right angles to each other on March 3, 1906. Others to follow Monroe Block but was demolished forming square blocks, there is a ra­ were the Cinex, Star, Columbia and and replaced in 1956 by a two-story dial system of streets interconnecting National, to name just a few of the commercial building. The Columbia a series of circular parks. Detroit's dozen nickelodeon and movie houses is noteworthy because it was the first theatre district was formed which concentrated in this area. most formidable of the movie houses around one of these parks named Only the National remains intact as a in the district. Designed by C. How­ Campus Martius, just a short dis- reminder of that era. Less intact, the ard Crane, it had seating for over 1,000 people and had facilities for Lobby Grand Staircase . The windows on the upper level afford patrons a view of the Grand Lobby from the second balcony level. (AlfredJ. ButtlerPhoto) full stage presentations. Moreover, it featured a symphony orchestra to ac­ company silent films and presented Professor Anton Dailey at Detroit's first theatre organ, two years before New York had a similar instrument. The Columbia was the forerunner of another major phase of movie enter­ tainment and in Detroit, the creation of a new theatre district. Starting in 1917 with the construc­ tion of the Madison Theatre, this new district was located around Grand Circus Park several blocks north of the first district. This the­ atre district was to be very different and significant, as it ushered in the "movie palace" -era in Detroit. These large movie palaces became the focus of an ornately decorative style of architecture wherein audi­ ences of from 3000 to 5000 people could revel not only in the fantasy of the environment but in the elaborate presentations of orchestra, vaude­ ville, choreography, theatre organ and big-name entertainment in addi­ tion to the film presentation. Responsible for the start of this new phenomenon were two individu­ als who were to become famous in this new, large-scale entertainment mode; John Kunsky, the entrepre­ neur (owner of the Casino) and C. Howard Crane, the architect (de­ signer of the Columbia). Together, their efforts transformed the Grand Circus Park area so radically that it became locally known as "Kunsky Circle .'' In time, eight movie palaces graced the Grand Circus area, capa­ ble of accommodating more than 24,000 patrons. The largest of these was C. Howard Crane's mammoth Fox Theatre. The demand for the­ atres was so great that C. Howard Crane became responsible for the de­ sign of over fifty theatres in the city. At Grand Circus Park, he designed the Madison, Adams, Capitol (now Grand Circus), State (now Palms), United Artists and the Fox, all of MAY/JUNE 1982 which are still in existence, although Rudolph Wurlitzer Company and for special events. The organ is a some operate on a sporadic basis. M. P. Moller Inc. built the equally 4/24 Moller and is used regularly in Added to the group was Percival formidable pipe organs to provide concert. Periera's Oriental Theatre (later the great sound to fill these Fox The Brooklyn Fox: Designed by Downtown) and George L. Rapp's Theatres. C. Howard Crane and Kenneth Michigan Theatre. Unfortunately, First, the Atlanta Fox: Last of the Franzheim, it was opened August 31, the Oriental was destroyed and the Foxes, it was designed by Marye, 1928, and had 4,060 seats. The the­ Michigan, a true theatre gem, now Alger Vinour and opened December atre has been demolished (demolition exists as one of the most glamorous 25, 1929. It has 4,504 seats. Rescued date not available). The organ was a parking structures anywhere in the from demolition, the theatre is now 4/36 Wurlitzer-Fox Special. The or­ world. Of historical interest is the operating viably as a music hall and gan was split up for parts and the fact that the Michigan occupies the site of Henry Ford's early home and the tiny shop in which he built his first automobile in 1896. Of the group of eight theatres, the only theatre organs to survive in their original setting are the two still lo­ cated in the Fox Theatre. The fate of the others is varied and is generally believed to be as follows: the United Artists organ, a 3/17 Wurlitzer Model 260 Special, is now currently performing in a Detroit area pizza parlor, the Pied Piper Pizza and Pipes in the Universal Mall at Twelve Mile Road and Dequindre in War­ ren, Michigan; the Oriental, 2½/10 Wurlitzer, is believed to have been destroyed with the theatre; the Madi­ son, a 3/34 Hillgreen-Lane, was split up for parts some of which remain; the Adams, a 3/28 Hillgreen-Lane, was split up for parts going to several parties; the Grand Circus, a 4/20 Publix No. 1 Wurlitzer, was first moved to a local skating rink, and after several ownerships much of it, including the console, is now located in the Paramount Theatre in Oak­ land, California; the Michigan, a 5/28 Wurlitzer, is now located in a private residence in Wisconsin (in a huge basement complete with lift); the Palms, a 4/20 Publix No. 1 Wur­ litzer, is now located in the Oral Roberts University Chapel in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In order to better relate our visit to the Fox and to assist in appreciating its position in the movie palace era, it may be of value to briefly ref er to the four other major movie palaces which were built by William Fox and to describe their status along with the large theatre organs which were de­ signed to perform in them. To com­ pete with other marvels such as the Chicago Theatre and the Paramount and Roxy Theatres in New York, William Fox built his wonders in At­ lanta, Brooklyn, San Francisco, St. Louis and Detroit. To compliment these major movie palaces, the MAY/JUNE 1982 Fall 1982 opening. The organ is a 4/36 Wurlitzer-Fox Special which has been maintained and is played frequently. Now for the fifth Fox palace, the Detroit Fox! Designed by C. How­ ard Crane, it opened on September 21, 1928. It has operated continu­ ously since that time as a movie the­ atre with occasional special shows. In recent years, it was not able to sus­ tain first-run movie presentations and its economic viability was there­ fore in jeopardy. The theatre, how­ ever, has been temporarily rescued from a closure and possible destruc­ tion. On the verge of tax foreclosure a few years ago, a reprieve was made possible through a re-purchase agreement. The house has been recarpeted and the seats have been refurbished. In addition, much repair work has been done and maintenance is again a practice. Unfortunately, because of poor economic conditions and the generally negative position of the movie industry in large cities, the prospect for continuing with first­ run features is not bright. The new owner is working hard at seeking a solution for continuing the use of the theatre. He has recognized the need and value of maintaining the organs and has permitted the programming of special shows and concerts in or­ der to provide funds for that pur­ pose. Prior to his involvement, the organ was, for the most part, only minimally maintained because of the lack of funds. The organs' restora­ tion has been accomplished by a ded­ icated group who titled themselves "Friends of The Fox." Recently, the group has reorganized as "Down­ town Theatre Enthusiasts." They are enduring the usual problems as­ sociated with organs, such as repair­ ing the 50-hp blowers after a very heavy rain put them under six feet of console is now in the Cardinal Music The St. Louis Fox: Designed by C. water. This required slow baking to Palace family restaurant in Fort Howard Crane, it is almost an exact dry them out. Wayne, Indiana. replica of the Detroit Fox. It opened Let us now take a closer look at the The San Francisco Fox: Designed January 30, 1929, and had 5,035 Detroit Fox. This grand movie pal­ by Thomas Lamb, it opened June 28, seats. The theatre operated complete ace with its 5,042 seats is second only 1929, with 4,651 seats. After a fare­ with theatre organ use before film in size to New York's Radio City well concert on February 16, 1963, presentations and closing intermis­ Music Hall. As already noted, the with many celebrities in attendance, sion into the early 1970s when organ theatre and adjoining office building demolition of the Fox began on Feb­ participation was dropped. The were designed by Detroit architect, ruary 28 and was completed on Au­ theatre continued with films until C. Howard Crane and Associates. gust 12, 1963. Everett Nourse was the March 1, 1978, when it closed. The Except for minor details, the same organist at the farewell. The organ, a theatre has been purchased by the design was utilized in the St.
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