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Intensify the Effort in 1964

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Intensify the Effort in 1964 INTENSIFY THE EFFORT IN 1964 Because of our action we have had some victories since I960 but many setbacks. The South's public transportation system is nearer to complete desegregation than any other :areg thanks to the Freedom Rides, which involved both northern and southern students. Their has been some lull in activities in local protest movements in the South since the March On Washington. Many people believe that the Movement is over and that its goals have been achieved - th?sy%re wrong ! The Movement is finding new directions; those involved are increasing in their own understand­ ing of which goals are most important in short-range and long-range terms.fc To illustrate the fact that the Movement is aiming at freedom in all areas, we feel it is necessary to expand our efforts in 1964. As a first step let us move with new and creative methods and techniques of fighting employment bias, of fighting those racists who have a political and economic stronghold on the American scene; and finally, new ways to protest against the unjust system of segregation For example, the Washington D. C. Nonviolent Action Group (NAG), affiliated with Snick, will be holding a massive demonstration on Capital Hill on January 31 demanding jobs for you, expanded home rule, improvement of housing and working conditions for those in the Capital|s ghetto. We hope that all communities across the nation will help us to expand the Movement in 1964 by carrying out the following action of February 1st: (1) organize mass marches on City Hall protesting policeyfeorutality and demanding the right for decent jobs and the right to vote (2) picket local federal buildings for passage of a strong Civil Rights Bill and the right to vote (3)- renew demonstrations in all areas demanding an open city and an open community (4)- organize a one-day boycott of schools to take place between February 1st and February 11. These will also be held in New York City on February 3 and other major cities on February 11 to protest de facto segregation, triple shifts and overcrowded conditions. GROUPS OUTSIDE OF THE SOUTH We know that many of the above suggestions are not applicable for student groups outside of the South. We stress, however, the essential significance of their action in the past and trust that they will again answer the challenge of February 1st, 1964. For example, students outside the South may picket local firms, such as the Holiday Inn Motels, which are in any way related to Southern Firms which segregate. Organize a mass march to the local post office with letters to members of Congress calling for the passing of a strong Civil Rights Bill. Picket local Federal buildings demanding an end to the denial of the right to vote in the South. Organize a mass march, vigil, picket, etc. , at local, state and Federal Employment Buildings demanding that jobs be made available for American youths. We are depending upon Northern and Western groups to use their initiative and creative efforts to make the Movement truly national. ACTIVITIES PRIOR TO FEBRUARY 1 ST We urge that all campuses have activities prior to February 1st: (1) to point out the fact that February 1st in the anniversary of the student movement; (B) to rally interest and support for the anniversary demonstration. This might be done through chapel programs, mass meetings, marches on campuses, and by each student wearing a card saying, "Freedom Day, February 1st" It is absolutely necessary to realize that Press Coverage or Publicity before February will serve only to lessen the impact of that dayfs action. Groups should remembeft however, to notify the press on the day of their action - be sure to emphasize that this is a national demonstration. CONTINUED ACTIVITIES IN FEBRUARY We realize that some colleges will be on mid-semester vacation on February 1st but we urge that some action be started as soon as possible in the second semester, We point out that February 12 (Lincoln's Birthday) and February 23 (Brotherhood Week), are also meaningful dates for our Movement and offer opportunities for activities. Please keep us informed of your plans. WE ASK YOUR COOPERATION IN OUR FEBRUARY 1ST PROGRAM AND ASK THAT YOU REMEMBER IF STUDENTS OF OUR NATION JOIN HANDS WE SHALL OVERCOME The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 6 Raymond St. N. W. Atlanta, Georgia 688-0331 STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE 6 RAYMOND STREET, N.W. ATLANTA 14, GEORGIA February 4, 1964 Chronology of Recent Events in CANTON. MISSISSIPPI The City of Canton is located 25 miles north of Jackson. Its total popu­ lation is 9,707, the Negro population is 6,220. Only 5.9 percent of the voting age Negroes in Madison County are registered to vote, according to the 1961 U.S.Civil Rights Commission Report on Voting. January .21, 1964 - The Canton City Council passed a law making it crimina to distribute literature without a permit from the Mayor and Chief of Police. Two constables and a new • police cruiser were added to law enforcement agencies in Canton. January 22 - George Washington, 50, a' prominent citizen and Treasurer of the Madison County (civil rights) Movement, was arrested. He was charg with "burning trash without a permit," posted $250 bond, and was releas January 23 - Police entered the community center-voter registration offic and seized a list of names taken from a recently circulated petition. James Collier, 28, from Jackson, and Clarence Chinn,</40, from Canton, were charged with violation of the city building code and bond was set at $350 each. Theotus Hewitt,^25, from Canton, was arrested for disturbing the peace and intimidating an officer. Bond was set at $500. That afternoon the three arrestees reported that they had been given th "hot boxJJ—in the county jail that la, tbre heat was turned up until it was stifling hot and they became ill. Hewitt said he had been kicked by police once inside the jail. Between 4:45 and 6:00 P.M. that day, ten voter registration workers wer< arrested bringing the total to 13 in jail. Nine were charged with "distributing leaflets without a permit." They were all arrested while in the vicinity of the voter registration office. At the time they were passing out leaflets urging an already effective boycott aimed at merchants who insist on addressing Negro customers as "boy" or "nigger. The leaflets also encouraged the payment of poll tax to vote. Officials of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) protested the arrests to the U.S.Department of Justice and called for federal protection of civil rights workers. The Justice Department replied that it would have the matter investigated. Those arrested were: Alma Bosley, 21, Plaquemines, La.; Milton Esco, 17 Canton; Peter Hewitt, 17, Canton; Levi Jackson, 15, Canton; Martha Jone 1, Canton; Richard Jewitt, 30, CORE worker, New York, N.Y.; Patricia yers, 18, Canton; Barbara Robinson, 16, Canton; William Veal, 18, Canton; and Joe Lee Watts, 20, Canton. Bond was set at $800 each - an unusually high bond for that offense, with the exception of Joe Lee Watts who was charged with breach of the peace. His bond was set at $500. January 24 - Carole Elaine Merr itt ," 23, SNCC worker from Cincinnati, Ohio was arrested for contributing to the delinquency of a minor, and allege ly causing a minor to distribute material of a "libelous nature." Bond was set at $500. January 25 - Canton police began to stop all incoming and outgoing cars at the Canton city limits. January 28 - 30 to 40 Negroes went to the courthouse to try to register t vote. Only five were admitted. -more- CANTON. MISSISSIPPI Continued / Sylvester Lee Palmer was arrested for disturbing the peace. Canton police followed SNCC and CORE workers as they left a voter regis­ tration meeting at the Pleasant Green Baptist Church. CORE worker George Raymond reported that he had been kicked by a constable of the Sheriff's department when officers stopped him for questioning. Raymond reported that he had been beaten once before by police in Canton Negroes were allowed to sit only on the Negro side of the courtroom during the arraignment hearing. anuary 30 - Six of the rights workers were removed from the Madison Co. jail and taken to the Jackson city jail. SNCC spokesmen believe this move was made under a new law recently passed by the Mississippi State Legislature which facilitates exchange of jail space and riot protec­ tion between cities in that state. Police halted operation of.all Negro taxicabs, claiming their permits were faulty. The gas pumps of a filling station owned by George Washington (see above) were removed by the AMOCO representative. SNCC workers interpret this act as "further reprisal against Mr. Washington's civil rights activities." y Henry Cooper, 45, owner of the Tolliver Cafe - where voter registration workers sometimes congregate - was arrested. Charges are unknown. It is believed that bond was set at $1,000. Two SNCC workers were present in the cafe at the time. abruary 3 - All of the rights workers were found guilty and convicted in the Canton city court. Carole Merritt was convicted of contributing to the delinquency of a minor and "publishing libel." She was sentenced to $500 fine and six months in jail on each charge. Bond was set at $1,000,property or surety. The minor in question testified in court that Carole had given her leaflets to be passed out. She stated that she did not distribute them however. Workers observing the trial reported that the minor was "barely able" to identify Miss Merritt.
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