U. S. POSTAGE PAID San Franl'isco, Calif, Perrr,it No. 8603 WILL WATTS SECEDE? Mr. & Mrs. Grant Cannon Watts, South Central Los Angeles, a public relations chairman, SNCC field sec­ 4907 Klatte Road .., colony of the poor trapped in a right­ retary Clifford Vaughs. Cincinnati, Ohio 45244 wing city that recently denied it even a The Alliance is a broad coalition of Ne­ 20¢ hospital, may pull out of Los Angeles al­ gro organizations, ranging from the black together. nationalists to the NAACP. It was cre­ THE If it does, it will join more than 70 ated after the freeing of the policeman other cities, such as Santa Monica, that who killed Leonard Deadwyler. It was have. disincorporated themselves. The felt that a riot would erupt if the com­ JULY name suggested for the independent Watts munity did nothing to stop police bru­ 1966 is FREEDOM CITY. tality. "Another riot would have caused VOL. 2 MOVEMENT This plan came last month from a Negro meaningless deaths," says Vaughs. "I !':-IO,6 Published by organization called the Temporary Al­ don't mind dying for a political purpose, The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee of California liance of Local Organizations, or TALO. but I don't want to die for nothing. It $204. _ The spokesman for this move is TALO's was clear that the courts and the inves­ tigating commissions were only going to whitewash the cops and infuriate the people. We had to take action." !,_~licing the Cops' FIELD WORKERS BOYCOTT The first, and major project of TALO was the Citizens Area Patrol (CAP). This is a fleet of cars and drivers who follow the Los Angeles Police in the Watts area. DI GIORGIO RIGGED ELECTION Their cars carry two-way radios supplied by SNCC. Within minutes after a call is made into the CAP central, a car with a FOR TERMS OF SCHENLEY CONTRAC·T SEE PAGE 6 photographer and often a tape recorder can be on the scene of an arrest or police On F rid a y, June 24, the ·action. .;l." .~, "The purpose of CAP is to observe the NFWA again 'proved that it police and protect the community," says has the support of the ma­ ·Vaughs. "It has given the residents of jority of farm workers in its Watts a new security. Unfortunately the police don't understand that the purpose battle with DiGiorgio. This of the Patrol is to prevent situations that was demonstrated by the will lead to riots. They harass the driv­ ers with tickets, stopping them, running boycott by field workers and them off the road." other DiGiorgio employees The CAP has been a rallying point for of the' 'election" at DiGior­ the community. Ghetto residents have felt the oppression of the police most gio's Sierra Vista and Bo­ [ sharply. One of the most forceful ideas rrego Springs ranches. ~ behind the creation of Freedom City is .that it would have its own police force, and the "occupying army" of the LAPD At Borrego Springs, near San Diego, would no longer have the power of terror out of 219 eligible voters (eligibility de­ over the community. termined . by DiGiorgio) only 84 voted. . .' I There were 732 "eligible" voters at both Freedom City ranches. Of these, 347 refused to vote There are many obstacles, practical and 41 cast blank ballots. Of the 385 votes and legal, in the way of the secession. cast, the Teamsters received 281: 60were THIS BUSLOAD OF FlEW WORKERS. one of many, refused to get out when driven 271, 543 signatures, almost one out of L.lL l.lv u.ulOll. i',rOd1 W.L~ !-'h.:i..cl line dcroSS to the D1 GlOl:giO pv·• .ufl~ pi"..."'. ."1. :"V)"'u nil" "ac", ",;,"~. every four voters in Los Angeles city the road from the polling place it was by DiGiorgio several weeks earlier. picket lines around the Sierra Vista ranch must be placed on a petition to disincor­ not difficult to see which workers sup­ (Many of the students refused to par - shouted the slogan "No voten viernes" porate. 25% of the property owners in IJorted the boycott. ticipate and some actively aided the boy- to the workers in the field. On the picket the area must agree. Various city com­ cott). lines were some 65 student volunteers in missions must approve. field Workers Boycott :r'he refusal of the NFWA to participate Delano for a week of orientation before The move has received wide support. The first truck load of field workers in the company election was based on 8 .going to work at boycott centers around Assemblyman Mervin Dymally, John set a pattern which was to be repeated months of experience in dealing with Di- the country. Many of them felt that par- Pratt, executive director of the Southern all morning. As the truck neared the Giorgio under strike conditions. The union ticipating in the picket lines was the most California Council on Church and Race; turn into the station a hastily made charged that the election was fraudulent valuable experience of the entire program; Mrs. Yvonne Brathwaite, De m 0 c rat i c red NFWA banner appeared on a stick since the procedure, set by the company, . their enthusiasm was certainly shared by nominee in the 63rd Assembly District; .held by one of the workers. The truck, did not permit strikers to vote. Eligibili- the strikers• 'and Norman Houston, president of the instead of turning, continued down the ty was controlled by the company. . In addition to leafleting and picketing, LA central NAACP branch, are among road and left the ranch accompanied by The unioq pointed out that its organizers the NFWA and AWOC filed suit in S.F. the supportel"s of the idea, along with loud shouts of approval from the pickets. were barred from the camps on ranch Superior Court seeking an injunction for- the TALO coalition. Those on the truck answered with "Viva property, while ranch supervisors openly bidding DiGiorgio to put their names on "For a generation we have vainly pro­ la huelga." solicited for the Teamsters. The morning the ballot. The injunction was granted. The tested against a system and a society Throughout the morning the bus and after the elections were announced, leaf- company ballot asked two questions: Did which have held us in de facto slavery," .truck loads of field workers brought in to lets appeared urging the workers to vote the worker want a union? If so, which 'says the public statement that announced vote remained seated or walked to the for the Teamsters and presenting a vague union? Thefarm workers clearly answered the drive for Freedom City. "We have ·.rope which separated the pickets from set of proposals. Workers reported that these two questions without ever touch-; been exploited by the majority of society. DiGiorgio property. During the 11 hours the leaflet was being distributed by the ing the ballots. We fear the police and the criminal of polling the strikers stood in the hot ranch supervi::3ry permnnel. There is no doubt that the election has equally. Our votes are overwhelmed by sun and sang and cheered as their com­ .The NFWA replied with a leaflet list- - served to sharpen and polarize the con- the majority of the electorate, a sub- paneros refused to participate in the ing the major points of the Schenley con- flict in Delano. Father Desmond, asked CONTINUED PAGE 6, COLUMN Z "free and open" election. tract-signed the same day that DiGiorgio by DiGiorgio to 0 b s e r v e at Borrego Approximately 30 field workers voted. announced its private election. Springs, refused to sign a statement that The rest of the voters were office work­ the election was fair. DI GIORGIO BOYCOTT ers, carpenters, plumbers, shed men, NFWA Injunction The election was supported by Bishop and some of the high-school students hired On Wednesday and Thursday the roving Willenger of the Fresno-Monterey diocese MARCH who, in a statement on June 17, launched On Saturday, July 9, at 11 a thinly veiled attack on the recognition of the NFWA as the legitimate bargaining A.M., there will be a march agent for farm workers by Schenley and up Market Street in San Christian Brothers. There was increased outside support Francisco in support of the for the Delano strikers, demonstrated by DiGiorgio boycott. The De­ the student volunteers and by the vigil lano March will start at outside the home of Rev. Moore, an "im­ partial" observer at Sierra Vista. This Drum and Market and end in vigil was joined by Negroes from Bakers­ the Civic Center plaza. field, led by their pastor, Rev. Stacy. Their support was mobilized by two SNCC Cesar C h a v e z and a organizers in Bakersfield, Marshall Ganz group of striking far m­ and Richard Flowers. Rev. Moore, a Negro workers from Delano will who claimed at the Delano Senate hear­ ings that Delano had the best race re-' lead the march. It is ex­ lations in America (a phrase used by Sen. pected that the speeches Eastland to describe Sunflower County will be brief: marchers will MissisSippi), did not refuse to sign the •'fair election" statement. go to neighboring markets DELANO NEEDS FOOD to picket. The strikers in Delano are in desperate JOIN CESAR CHAVEZ need of food for the strike-kitchen. Send staples: four, coffee, rice, meat. In San ON JULY 9 IN THE MARCH DOLORES HUERTA, NFWA vice-president on picket line. Sign rc_",,:; "i\FWA Francisco, contact the NFWA office ­ UP MARKET STREET! Says DON'T VOTE IN FALSE: ELECTIONS," Photo: Gerhard Gschiedle 285-0213. ~. DATELINE SACRAMENTO 111 ...... 111 ...... JEROME SAMPSON URBAN RENEWAL HARRY BRILL Kennedys and Issues ABULLDOZER'IS THE REDEVELOPMENT

The political pundits of the Capitol and common denominator of appeal - to put AGENCY'S BEST FRIEND the rest of the state, to say nothing of the public opinion at all times ahead of the SAN FRANCISCO -- Our self-styled city scavengers are on the move again. The national commentators, are having a fine public interest. For myself, I reject that Redevelopment Agency and its director, Justin Herman, intend to clean up the MISSION. old time explaining and interpreting the view of politics and I urge you to reject Right now the project is in the planning phase. But if the Agency keeps getting the results of the Primary elections;'and pro­ that view of broadcasting." green light from the Board of Supervisors there will be massive eviction of low in­ come tenants. r jecting these into the November elections. Candidate Reagan and Governor Brown However, they approach the problem they might both profitably spend a Sunday Whether it's clearance or rehabilitation, the Mission tenants are in trouble. all seem to come up with the same tired morning, away from their public rela­ Over half the poor residents will be forced to pack their bags and move elsewhere answer: reactionaries are gaining strength tions and campaign advisers - even as a result of bulldozer activities. But what happens to them under rehabilitation? in both of the major parties. From such away from church -to ponder the mean­ The Agency's brand of rehabilitation is not just good old local code enforcement. "wisdom" the lines of the Brown-Regal1 ing of this idea, and to decide what they It means much more. Buildings must conform to higher Federal standards. Whether fight are being drawn and the lesser can­ will say on such subjects as the Supreme you're rich or poor, for example, you probably don't reside in a place which meets didates shake their heads and try to figure Court decision on Proposition 14, the up-to-date earthquake standards. That's okay with the city, but not with the Federal out what this means for them. Watts uprising and freedom of speech Government. The result - no matter what the pro­ for Berkeley students. There's a string of items which the local code doesn't demand and the federal code cess of interpretation - is that practical­ All the candidates could take a little does. That's why rehabilitation im,der urban renewal in San Francisco averages be­ ly all of the candidates struggle with time of to review the newspaper accounts tween $4,000 and $5,000 for each apartment in the building. Who foots the bill in might and main to pre-erhpt the center of of Bobby Kennedy's visit to Delano, his the long run? You guessed it - the tenants. the political spectrum, jostling for posi­ instruction to the Kern County Deputy Urban renewal continues to reduce the net supply of low cost housing in the e:ltire tion by the avoidance of positionsl This Sheriffs on the meaning of the Constitu­ city. A battle against poverty must therefore be a fight against urban renewal. futile struggle Wierdly has the effect of tion, and the speeches he gave recently moving the center to the right - as the on human rights in Africa. politicos outdo each other in playing Incidentally, the unanswered question safe. of significance in California politics is Under these circumstances the alter­ whether Speaker Unruh is still close to natives open to liberals - and radicals ­ the Kennedys, and if he is how 'he can are to either ignore the campaigns ,or to keep his sanity by putting his views and seek ways of challenging the candidates on theirs in separate compartments. Maybe some of the issues they are evading. the sharp Speaker also should be en­ For such challenges it seems generally couraged to read SchleSinger's book. lf helpful to look at the life and works of he did it would be interesting to see if President Kennedy, and then at some of after the reading he still advised the the current activities of his political Governor to concentrate on soliciting only heir, Bobby Kennedy. the votes of "moderates." Arthur Schlesinger's book "A 11-I0US­ But the Schlesinger book may be dis­ AND DAYS is loaded with ideas which missed by hard-nosed politicians as aca­ seem relevant as today's political scene demic stuff. They are less likely to dis­ in California. For example, after com­ miss direct appeals from constituents who menting on Kennedy's tough and principled ask their views on farm labor, civil role with big steel after it attempted rights and liberties, health education, to increase steelprices, Schlesinger says, housing and welfare issues. "Wilson, Roosevelt and Truman won world And if their non-moderate constituents confidence in part because their domes­ don't like their response on these is­ tic policies had esta01lshed them as cri­ sues they may well ask "why should •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• tics, and not the instruments of Ameri-' these officials and this so-called "lead­ Mark Comfort, organizer of the Oakland Direct Action can Business ... Kennedy left the world ership" retain or obtain public office Committee and a major spokesman for Oakland Negroes, no doubt he was equally independent of when they fail to tell us clearly what has been sent to jail by a vindictive court. The "Com­ the American business community. they hope to do with it"? It would be instructive to apply this So in the spirit of the Kennedys, the mittee of Just People to Help Gloria Comfort Free Mark idea to the relationship between Gov­ California political campaign could take Comfort" is circulating a petition for his release. ernor Brown and the grape growersl on new meaning, and even become sig­ Schlesinger continues his appraisal nificant., There' is "no inherent reason We urge our readers to make up"aridcirculate a petition when he quotes President Kellnedy talk­ '. why thi;:;t year's~ poJ.;itiYs in ~he Golden reading:, of - ". ' , ing to a group of broadcasters - "Will State needs to' become blurred over by ON JUNE 9th, MARK ·COMFORT ~ WAS SENT TO' JAIL the politicians desire for re-election ­ smog and fog from the frightened can­ and the broadcasters desire for ratings didates. They need such help from the FOR SIX MONTHS, ON CHARGES ARISING· FROM, A ,- cause both to flatter the every public voters and they should certainly get what DEMONSTRATION AGAINST HIRING DISCRIMINATION whim and prejudice - to seek the lowest they needl AT THE OAKLANDTRIBUNE. WE THE UNDERSIGNED CALL ON GOVERNOR BROWN TO COMMUTE MARK Et Tu, Jerry? It seems in vogue these cept maybe in Latin America. And in days for liberals to begin to jump on the New York City, where a genUine liberal COMFORT'S SENTENCE IMMEDIATELY SO THAT HE Bobby band-wagon. They tell us about all (not a radical, mind you), Ted Weiss, is MAY BE RELEASED. those great Bobby speeches. But where taking on machine liberal Leonard Farb- ,por more information,' contact Gloria Comfort at 6914 has Bobby been in the real blood and guts stein, Kennedy is busy with another race. of politics? As Attorney General, he We're even raising the question of whe- Lockwood, Oakland, LO 9-9723. Checks should be made refused to enforce civil rights legislation ther Kennedy should be supported in 1968 ouOt to' Mark Comfdrt Defense Fund. in the South, but Vigorously prosecuted or whether the Democratic Party is hope- civil rights workers in the Albany, G{!or- lessly a war party. What we're asking is gia Rabinowitz case. When he recently that there be more than a few speeches had a chance to fight for poor peoples' before the liberals open their arms to a interests in the Syracuse, New York OEO new messiah. fight, he was nowhere to be heard -ex- -11-IE MOVEMENT ...... ( .

THE MOVEMENT is published monthly by the staff of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Com­ mittee of California. Delegates Call White House Conference

EDITORIAL OFFICE: "A Publicity Stunt" 449 14th Street, San Francisco, California BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA - The re­ like, Dr. Sullivan replied, "I was in the task force." cent "White House Conference on Civil Education group. It was scheduled to hist AIR~TIGHT CONFERENCE ----- EDITORIAL GROUP: Rights" was an effort "to recreate the an hour and a half, but for'the first hour .Another delegate from the Bay Area Terence Cannon Brooks Penney PreSident's domestic image, damaged by and ten minutes some consultant told us r~port. was John Miller, vice-president of the Mike Sharon Frank Cieciorka his emphasis on spending for the war in what was in the It was an insult Berkeley Board of Education, In a press Gerhard Gscheidle Ellen Estrin Vietnam - it was a publicity stunt:' to our intelligence: we had read the report release Mr. Miller said, "The Adminis­ Bob Novick Elly Isaksen This statement was made, not by a Ne­ before. With 20 minutes to go, the chair­ tration acted as if the Civil Rights Act gro militant, but by the Berkeley Super­ man allowed us to make comments, but did not exist. lf the President really LOS ANGELES COMMITTEE: intendent of Schools, Dr. Neil V.Sulli­ there were 100 or more people. Only wanted to know what we think and what BoL Niemann Karen Koonin van, a delegate to the Conference. five could speak, with much of the dme we want, he didn't find out." "When we got there we were ,given taken by the consultants defending th~ir Both' men agreed that the Conference LOS ANGELES ADDRESS: ground rules, but they were subsequent­ recommendations. There was one more was •'overstructured -and air-tight, cen­ afterno~n: P.O. Box 117 ly changed because of the SNCC boy­ session in the in order to sored against controversy0" "I've never 308 Westwood Plaza cott," Dr. Sullivan told11-IE MO VEMENT 0 speak we had to sign up for 2 minutes. seen so many people with press badges Los Angeles 24, California "Initially the delegates weren't going to Many who signed up didn't even get to at any conference I've attended," said get to talk at all, but t,he SNCC stand speak. The White House does not seem Sullivan. .,At lunch there were more SUBSCRIPTIONS: forced the President's people to allow to be aware that minority people can people with press badges than delegates, $1 per year, individual copies the delegates to talk." and want to speak for themselves:' but only one I knew was a press man ­ $3 per hundred per month, TOLD TO GET OUT ------The question of Vietnam kept coming from a Southern newspaper. All the bulk subscriptions. "At the opening session Vice-President up and getting slapped down. "I was others were members of the Democra­ Humphrey spoke last: after the dele­ one of those w\lo wanted to talk about tic National Committee." gates rose to applaud him they were told The opinions expressed in signed ar­ Vietnam," said Dr. Sullivan, "because "There is a grass-roots movement by the chairman that they could leave ticles and columns do not necessarily re­ the war is bleeding from our schools in America that is about to turn this since they were already standing. It was flect the opinions of SNCC or THE MOVE­ the funds we need, even lunch money country upside down," said Dr. Sullivan. a clever move - the delegates who had MENT. Nor do we necessarily support all for the children. We were not able to "The White House Conference complete­ questions about the ground rules or about actions or organizations on which we re­ relate the war to these problems, It ly missed that point." port. important issues couldn't ask them." was prestructured by the Chairman Asked what the discussion groups were who was appointed by the President's ATENT CITY IN ALAMEDA'S WHITE DISTRICT in their hands the peopJp. went home for Before they arrived Saturday afternoon, a while. the Fire Department soaked the lawn of felt at home and began to rove the the park and the public swimming pool neighborhood as if it were theirs was closed down: it was. There was a march through this white Estuary Project itself is set-offfrom the community on Sunday afternoon to the rest of the city, and surrounded by Ala-· Mayor's house, who, of course, was not meda Naval Air Base. Before the demon­ home. About 200 people marched, most­ stration few residents of the island city ly families from the projects with a few knew it existed. -upporters from around the Bay Area. All around the project you can see During the days the park was like a preparations for the War in Vietnam: a summer camp for the children, who had ship being outfitted in a dry dock, planes a real playground : swings, ping pong constantly flying over head on training tables, a ball field, and a swimming pool. missions, rows and rows of bomb and There was only make-shift stuff back in torpedo containers ready to be filled. the project. By Monday morning the kids . The project was only supposed to be . After two marches to the City Council temporary. The bUildings are made of meeting, the Mayor •'put the eviction press board on the outside and plaster notices in limbo" until units in the 5 board or plywood on the inside separated

- acres that are not scheduledfor immediate by studs. You can put your foot easily On Saturday, June 18th, about 25 Negro Pt'oto: Lynn Phipps demolition are fixed for the 18 families. through the shoddy walls, and in many of families from the Esturay Public Housing of an upper class white neighborhood. They He also said the vacancy coming up on the buildings, even those in which people project of Alameda City pitched tents in were protesting the impending eviction of the AHA would be filled by a "responsible still live, there are gaping holes in the the city's Franklin Park in the middle 18 families from the project. Negro". With this short range victory walls.

Background of the Tent-In ALAMEDA CITY WANTS TO POCKET $3 MILLION ITGOT FROM POOR ALAMEDA, CALIFORNIA - Over $3 In the January 19th 1966 meeting of the between the proposed Alameda-Oakland million has accumulatedin the' 'reserves" AHA, Fike, lawyer for the tenants of Es­ Landgrab Tube and the newly proposed Bay Bridge of the Alameda Housing Authority (AHA) tuary project asked Zecher: "You're tak­ This land has some other interesting from Hunter's Point. In an editorial of the since it took control of the World War II ing no expense to assist these people in aspects. Recently, Moscini and Cristofi Alameda Sun, June 2,1966, it was reported temporary . ~ousing around the Alameda relocating and feel this is unnecessary?" completed a land deal with the Navy, that the City Engineer Mark Hanna con­ Naval Air Station. To which Zecher replied: "It is not our in which they traded 35 acres of the 40 firmed that everyone has known since the Over $1 million is deposited in the obligation." acres of the Estuary Project for the Savo mid-fifties that the tube would open on the local Wells Fargo Bank managed by Fred In early 1964 the. Citizen's Committee Island Project in Berkeley. They retained five acres. Zecher, Chairman of the AHA. for Low - Income Housing was formed 5 acres of the Estuary Project, promis"­ According to the Alameda Sun, when within the Alameda Branch of the NAACP ing that they will rehabilitate the build­ $3 Million Steal Zecher was askedat a January, 1966 meet­ for the purpose of securing adequate low­ ings in a year. Here is the present situation: on the 22nd ing of the AHA what would happen to this cost housing for the tenants of Estuary. It has been known, however, by city of June, 1966 the Housing Authority gave $3 million if the AHA were dispanded, he officials and surely Moscini and Cristofi, P~ople replied that the money would go into the Pushing Out that those 5 acres just happen to be one CONTINUED PAGE 6 city's General Fund. At the same time, the AHA began a of the possible sites for the connection There is every indication that the AHA program of intimidation and harassment plans to disband itself by closing down to get people to move out' of the pro­ the Estuary Project and turning formal jects. Mail boxes- were removed. GaI'bage­ control of the two other public housing disposal units were removed. The laun­ ·What Kind of CountlY This Is? projects - Western and Makassar Straits dry services were discontinued. The store - back to the Navy. inside the project was closed. Bus ser­ From a speech by Mrs. Mabel Tatum, Actually, the Navy has kept informal vice into the project was stopped. The President of the Citizen's Committee for Low-Income Housing of Alameda City's control over all the projects: priority in AHA's intimidation was successful. In placing tenants is a part of the original two years the project population dwindled Estuary Public Housing Project. contract with the city: from over 500 families to the present 100 From the Alameda Sun, "The City of families. To Hell with the Alameda Police De­ Alameda's Housing Authority disclaims A year ago the Citizen's Committee partmentl If there's enough of us out all their responsibilities under State and held a demonstration in front of Fred there, they'll earn their next month's Federal Housing Laws. Say their main Zecher's Wells Fargo Bank, climaxing salary. And I mean if we get out there purpose is to manage housing for the 12th their protest with a three-day school and get out there in numbers and let Naval District, and are not a public Hous­ boycott and a sit-in at the AHA office. them see this is the hard core now: ing Authority." The Committee was able to force a one­ those that could leave have, those that had year delay in demolition. the desire to leave have, those that can­ No Relocation not are still here, includin' me. So I say In 1963 the city ciosed one of its pro­ The Churchfront Store to heck with the Alameda Police Depart­ jects (Gibbs); the Navy gave up its priori­ ment. Last winter a San Francisco company, ty on the Estuary project; the AHA be­ lf they come in here and start to take Moscini arid Cristofi, bought the Estuary gan to freeze admittance to Estuary pro­ out anybody or move anybody's furniture, Project land. .ject; and the AHA sent notices to Estuary if I don't see everyone of us standin" This raises a question: how can a profit­ tenants telling them that the project would around like a bunch of soldiers on the making organization obtain this land, when be razed in June 1964. battle front sayin' take it out and we'll the original Navy contract with the AHA The AHA offered no relocation program move it back in, sayin' take it out and said that the land could not be sold to a Photo: Gerhard Gschiedle to the tenants and refused to take any you'll have to come through us. And I profit-making organization? responsibility for relocation even though mean have it hard and heavy. When they the ground, and all of those babies runnin' Answer: Moscini and Cristofi obtained Article 4 of the Slate Housing Authority see that they've got a group of people around and all of those people runnin' up title to the land by using a church as a Law, section 34330 provides: "The Au­ that, as that song says, sayin' in person front organization. The April 28 Alameda with trucks bringin' food ••• and when thority shall have the power to: (a) As­ that we shall not be moved, they are not Sun reports that the church, Zion New they see the people, as they come in, sist in relocating in suitable housing ac­ goin' to run to bulldozers, trucks, or Hope Church of God in Christ, of Oak­ bringin' in some more tents, they're .commodations at rentals within the i l' nothin' else over you. land, is (a) not, listed in the phone book, goin' to say, "We've got to do somethin' means persons of low income who have Now I can't get a house no sooner than (b) not a member of the Oakland Council about this. We can't have this in the city been, or will be deprived of dwellings you can and my husband's in Vietnam. of Churches, which in fact has no r:ecord of Alameda..·• within areas or buildings which have I can't get one here in Alameda unless of such a church, (c) applied for a lic­ Mayor Godfrey went to talkin' about been or will be cleared or demolished. HOPE finds me one in the city of Ala':' ense in the City of Oakland to hold public what Estuary was like. You know how far In connection with any project, an authori­ meda. I can't go over to Western and assemblies in the Fall of 1964 just in he's been in Estuary? He came ridin' ty shall maintain or provide for the main­ live and my husband's over there with the time to become involved in AHA trans­ through here in that ••• what's that he's tenance of tenant placement in which there rest of the men tryin' to protect ••• actions with Moscini and Cristofi, and got? a Continental. I don't even know the shall be recorded lists of untenanted, America. A beautiful world isn't it. Salute (d) has the same lawyer, James D. Had­ name of the car. He rode through there suitable dwellings available to persons of the flag. Justice for all. What kind of field of Hirsch and Hadfield of San Fran­ one time. Or several times he rode low··income and shall furnish such infor­ country is this we are fightin' for? What cisco, as do MosCini and Cristofi. around in here. One time 1 think we got mation to such persons." kind of a country is this, you can't even 'e,m outa that car an' he got in the middle exercise your own rights to live where of one of them courts and when he looked you want to live? What kind 'of country he was surrounded by several people in this is that we as a group of people can't the cour;t. And he just talked. And he just What .the Chairman of the Alameda protect our own rights whether it's legal told 'em. And he just threw his chest out. Housing Authority Said to the Reporter or illegal? It's gotten to the point now He took off his hat. He made jokes. But where we've got to throw the legal part he never once said that he was gonna "You guys go scrapping for the niggers. You're going aside. I'm not sayin' out and grabbin' . provide any of us with any decent hous­ somebody and knockin' 'em down. You ing. And it was our votes that helped put to be getting into' a lot of trouble. And you'd better be don't have to do it that way. You can do him in the seat that he's in now. We were careful that you don't print any of this," said he, ripping it systematically and win that way. Get runnin' around here talkin' about vote, up the reporter's notes. us out in numbers and when all of those vote for Mayor Godfrey, vote for Mayor Alamedans, when I say Alamedans 1 mean Godfrey he's the best man. Vote for Mayor - December 16, 1965 Alameda Sun the ones on the Gold Coast, look out there Godfrey ••• an' he hadn't given you a and they see all those tents laid out on damn bit more than nobody else. A Note From the New SHCC Chainnan power for Negroes in America. "The following sj)(!ech by a white SNCC woY~er indicates "It is imjJo'vtant to note that this speech was given al­ that the so-called new direction in SNCC is not so new after most two and a half years ago - before the 1964 Summer all. I hope SNCC staff and supporters across the cou~try Project. [ have capitalized and 'underlined those sections will give this talk their attention. At a time when SNCC is I think are especially important today. Not one word of the being misinterpreted by the press and misunderstood by speech has been changed or omitted. its friends, it is useful to look into the histo'vy _of the or­ "While there may be some of us who differ with some of ganization and see that we are taking no great departure the views eX~bYessed, it is imjJerative for us to understand from our original direction -- the direction of independent our own historyo" - STOlCEL Y CAR,MICHAEL

IS THERE ACHANGE IN SNCC? By Mike Miller 2 YEARS AGO: A WHITESNCC WORKER TALKS ABOUT BLACK POWER (Author's Note: As Stokely says, some of older generation who were trying to under­ off the streets, out of the public accom­ SHOCKING TO SOME OF THE BORDER us would differ with some of the views ex­ stand how SNCC had happened and inter­ m group review do in fact is reinforce what it is. Be­ Bill, the Economic Opportunity Act, the what we are and define its future motion. cause of these limits, the mc\'ement of Supreme Court Ruling on Reapportion­ We have to understand nationalism in the poor must continue to drift between ment, our system has begun to muddle its positive forms and its importance and demands for reform and total opposition and make hazy the issues we fought so its reality in this community and the worId to the system, becoming neither strictly hard to clarify. So though we under­ community and what people do with it, reformist or totally radical. stand the proposition that man is born namely the white press. We need to spend more energies or­ free and yet everywhere he is in chains, ganizing urban areas. Although SNCC how we begin to define and act on that is Community has gotten all of its experience and the main issue we have to deal with at Community wide action, 1 think, poli­ understanding of the power structure this conference. tically is our most important area. Speak­ and other political forms from organizinp: Photo: Frank Cieoiorka The first thing I need to say is that 'ing of independent or third party politics, in the rural areas of .the southland, the IVANHOE DONALDSON SNCC is very important - its relation­ I think that the black panther party in reality is that 7CJfo of Americans live ship to raising questions and acting on Alabama and Julian Bond's campaign in an urban life. The major conflicts of issues in this country. I think that SNCC interest are taking place in the cities. Atlanta are healthy methods to begin to Now one of the things we can do as a is an odd type of animal, Although almost T~e cities are the political terrain of the­ crack open the system. We understand the group is to review where we've been and invisible to the American public it stands , MFDP and its context of driVing of wedges nation and its power is moving very fast. , probably as the only true independent Our political task then begins with decide on some kind of continUity as to within the establishment. where we're going. I think it's important force in this country at this time and I think the whole question of indepen­ bringing political power to the rural this place in history. However, don'i: south, but confronting the cities confi­ to talk about organiZing in the cities; the dent politics and what it means needs to question then becomes what do 'you or­ misunderstand me. I'm not saying SNCC dently as the place of American life and be defined within this organization' and ganize around and what do you organize is the force that's to bring about free­ its political foundation. we need to go out and build whatever that to do? Do you have people in jail? Do dom. I don't think that at alL But on the definition becomes. 1 think we agree' basis of its radical mystique, other large you bond them out or break them out? that this motion which we've always dope ­ Internationalism The question is legitimate when you talk institutions go into motion around the Smith's campaign in Mississippi in '62 issues we raise and I think that's ade­ And finally is what 1 call the interna­ about raising market system dollars to was independent politics, the King cam­ give back to the market system because quately true in our history. 1 think it's tional level. There's that old quote in paign in Albany was independent politics, of the arrest of your freedom under -the important we understand our history. I'll Souls of Black Folk, where DuBois says, even the A.A. Randel' campaign in Chicago system and using a course that will only just give points of my interpretation. "The problem of the Twentieth Century ,was independent politics given the context is the problem of, the color line and the go so far in the long run. There are in which these independent things took Need Radical Action relation of the lighter to the darker men groups all over the country who I think place. Given another context they can be in Asia and Africa and America and the are willing to do things like hatchet the defined other ways. We feel we're an independent political islands of the sea." And obviously we system through radical confrontation. force. We need to talk about how to define Having white organizers to go into the live exactly what this says. There's a group in called the problems and develop radical actions white community to work, I think is very It seems to me we need to raise the the and their program around issues. In the past we established important, but I think the context in which' questions of why the U,S, is involved is just demolish the buildings downtown. sort of vague concepts of goals: the de­ they go in to work is also very impor­ in the murdering and overthrowing of They have organized programs. They velopment of an interracial democracy tant. I think the White organizer should governments all over the non-white world. kick in store windows downtown. They in this country, of the right of people to go into the White community to teaoh We need to organize protest actions; :both don't pay rent where they are, they participate in decisions that affect their Afro-American history. The White or­ against the war in Vietnam and against raise a whole lot of holocaust. They go lives, the development of black leadership, ganizers have to go into the White com­ the draft. We need to develop programs to jail and serve out their time because pockets of power ..." particularly in the munity to organize the white community to support black resistance in South Afri­ - well, you're at war and when you're deep south, the development of people who around black needs, around black his­ ca, and develop strong coalitions with at war you don't go get your soldiers and are able to move toward these goals with tory, the relative importance of black­ students of the third world. buy them back. You don't compromise well defined programs such as the de­ ness in the world today. That's a level We need to become students of world off of the establishment. mand for integrated public accommoda­ not an entire thing in itself. history, to understand the implications We are very small and very invisible tions, partiCUlarly the right to vote, one Market Economy of the assassination of Malcolm X in its - other groups get definition. If we es­ man one vote. international realm, the frustration of tablish a radical plan of motion, other But recent court actions have all but I ,think we have to begin to talk about the Hungarian.and Spanish revolts, which I groups will take part in that, but we re­ phased these particularproblems out, even the market economy and more visible think are very relevant when you taU: main an independent force. In the Civil though they're visible to us. I mean the ways of community organizing. But we about change in the U.S., the develop­ Rights movement we all compliment each handwriting's on the wall in terms of the cannot begin to talk about changing this ment of political motion in the West other, but I don't think that CORE, SCLC right to vote. In terms of the issues we system without defining it. I define it as Indies which is right off our coast (and or NAACP are prepared to say and do moved around to particularly dramatize the market economy or the market sys­ not just Cuba). How many of us know the kind of things we are prepared to the over-all goals. We may understand tem. I just use that word - the word is what's going on in those other little say and do. But they are prepared to that these things may never really come capitalism. islands right off the coast of thiS coun­ take on pieces of it. about, but in these times it is impos­ The American way of life is embodied try? We must understand the develop­ We really have to begin to understand sible to raise those particular issues in 'in the operation of a market economy, a ment of political theory in Africa and that market system. I don't raise that in this country. market economy means that all elements in China. the context of socialism, but we have to So we have some specific success, but '- labor, land capital - necessary to ,point out those things we really don't the overall brutal nature of the American bring goods to the market are bought and 'Resistance Movement like and debate about the kinds of things community still exists. So I think in this sold similar to that of commodities. Now from today's conversation I've we'd like to see built. We should visual­ new phase we have to zero in on the These so-called commodities are ex­ pulled out a few things that I think. We ly not support them. In Arkansas, Miss­ problem. I would like to suggest that we changed in contractual terms; labor for must begin to think of ourselves as gueril­ issippi, everywhere, we are engaged in act on three levels: (1) nationalism, (2) wages, land for rent, capital for interest las. A lot is to be learned from actions elections because in those communities community wide action, and (3) in­ - for the sole purpose of the financial in other countries in past histories. I think it's the only way we can see to mobilize ternationalism. gain of the parties involved. Inherent in we have to build a resistance movement and make a visual attack of the system I recognize that historically we've al­ thiS arrangement is a conflict of interest in thiS country. It's like living in oc­ through the electoral system, but the ways acted on these levels. All I'm doing bec~use each party tries to maximize his cupied France in World War 11. It wasn't power of the country is not necessarily is redefining our history and redefining gain. 'an outsider - it's French citizens who there. I think you can educate the com­ what I think is our present motion. Al­ Due to the organization of the market tried to bring some semblanCE: of healthi­ munities doing that and maybe you can though I'm going to talk about these levels, system, poverty is systematically pro­ ness to their country, We have to begin mobilize the country doing that but I as defined entities, in reality they over­ duced. Labor is bought and sold on a spor­ to define what the resistance is that and think it's the hidden confrontations that lap. For example: nationalism helps or­ adic basis according to supply and demand. what it is we're trying to do in the coun­ we have to dig out. I might be way off ganize in the black community. Even if every laborer could negotiate try. the key, but I think that's where we are.

Negro Folk Songs and the Freedom Movement

The phrase "Black Consciousness" is used hy ma'f/,y and express himself, he has already made bly of choirs from all churches would with dijjenmt meanings. This essay is taken jrom a that first, important step toward self­ certainly draw a crowd, a big crowd. realization and political development'. This crowd would be ready to hear its proposal made by Alan Lomax and Guy Caraw