Revision of North American with new taxa and synonyms Jae-Cheon Sohn Department of Science Education, Gongju National University of Education, Chungnam, Republic of Korea

Introduction Ypsolopha is the type genus of sensu Kyrki (1990) which is sometimes treated as a distinct group of Plutellidae. Ypsolopha has more than 120 Y. aleutianella Y. angelicella Y. arizonella Y. barberella described species worldwide, with the greatest diversity in and East ; 34 species have been recorded from the Nearctic (Walsingham, 1881, 1889; Beutenmüller, 1889; Busck, 1903, 1906; Kearfott, 1907; Y. barberella (form flavistrigella) Y. cervella Y. cervella (form subsylvella) Y. cockerella Braun, 1925; Meyrick, 1927; Powell, 1967; Heppner, 1982). However, the taxonomic resolution of Ypsolopha in the North America still remains incomplete. Our revision of the North American Ypsolopha revealed nine new species, six new synonyms and one resurrected Y. delicatella Y. dentella Y. dorsimaculella Y. falciferella species. As a result, we suggest a new estimate of Ypsolopha species diversity in North America to consist of more than 37 species.

Y. gerdanella Y. leptaula Y. lyonothymnae Y. nella

Ypsolopha Latreille, 1796

Y. querciella Y. rubrella Y. schwarziella Y. senex

Laterial view of head of Y. laorum (after Robinson et al., 1994) Y. striatella Y. sublucella Y. undulatella Y. ustella

Resting posture of Y. blandella

Y. vinterella Y. walsinghamiella

2) New Species of Ypsolopha from North America A total of nine new species have been recognized (eight of them shown here).

Male and female of Y. contractella,

Wing venation of Y. vittella (modified from Moriuti, 1977)

Materials & Methods n. sp. A (from Arizona) n. sp. B (from Texas) n. sp. C (from Texas) n. sp. D (from California) Dried specimens were obtained from the following institutes. BMNH – the Natural History Museum, London, UK

MCZ – the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, n. sp. E (from Texas) n. sp. F (from Arizona) n. sp. G (from California) n. sp. H (from Arizona) Cambridge, USA MSU – the Mississippi Entomological Museum, Mississippi State 3) Specific topics remaining to be solved in future study University, Starkville, USA. UCB – the Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, - What would be biological factors underlying three distinctive forms of Y. dentiferella? Berkeley, USA USNM – the U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA Dissections of the genitalia were prepared following

Clarke (1941), except chlorazol black was used for Y. dentiferella Yellow form of canariella auct. Brown form of canariella auct. frustella auct. staining. Terminology follows Klots (1970) for genitalia and Forbes (1948) for wing venation. - How many species are there in Y. oliviella and unipunctella complex?

Taxonomy 1) An updated checklist of the previously described North American Ypsolopha

A total of 28 species have been recognized in this study. All type specimens of the species Typical form of Y. oliviella Typical form of Y. unipunctella A variant from Arizona except two, Y. dentella and Y. elongata have been examined. All known or new synonyms and revised statuses are shown in the list.

Ypsolopha aleutianella (Beutenmuller, 1889) Ypsolopha angelicella (Busck, 1903) = Cerostoma maculatella Busck, 1906, n. syn. Ypsolopha arizonella (Busck, 1903) Ypsolopha barberella (Busck, 1903) = Cerostoma flavistrigella Busck, 1906, n. syn. Ypsolopha cervella (Walsingham, 1881) = Cerostoma subsylvella Walsingham, 1889 = Cerostoma electropa Meyrick, 1914, n. syn. Ypsolopha cockerella (Busck, 1903) = Melitonympha heteraula Meyrick, 1927 Ypsolopha delicatella (Busck, 1903) (Fabricius, 1775) = Ypsolopha xylostella (nec Linnaeus, 1758): Bruand, [1851] = Ypsolophus harnatus Fabricius, 1798 Ypsolopha dentiferella (Walsingham, 1881) = Cerostoma canariella Walsingham, 1881, n. syn. = Cerostoma frustella Walsingham, 1881, n. syn. - What would be the true identity of Y. elongata described by Braun (1925)? Ypsolopha dorsimaculella (Kearfott, 1907), stat. rev. Ypsolopha elongata (Braun, 1925) - Why is species diversity of Ypsolopha concentrated in the Western USA? Ypsolopha falciferella (Walsingham, 1881) - Utilization of molecular approaches to resolve species complexes and = Cerostoma ordinalis Meyrick, 1914 Ypsolopha gerdanella (Busck, 1903) recognize monophyletic subgroups Ypsolopha leptaula (Meyrick, 1927) Ypsolopha lyonothmnae (Powell, 1967) Ypsolopha nella (Busck, 1903) Acknowledgements Ypsolopha oliviella (Busck, 1903) I thank to Dr. Charles Mitter (University of Maryland, USA) and other Ypsolopha querciella (Busck, 1903) Ypsolopha rubrella (Dyar, 1902) collaborators of the Leptree project consortium for their support of our Ypsolopha schwarziella (Busck, 1903) research and to Dr. Donald Davis (U.S. National Museum of Natural History, = Ypsolopha buscki Heppner, 1982, n. syn. Washington DC, USA) for his helps during my works in the museum. This work = Cerostoma manella (nec Möschler, 1890): Busck, 1903 Ypsolopha senex (Walsingham, 1889) was supported by the “World Monograph” subprogram in the ‘Flora and Fauna = Cerostoma koebelella Dyar, 1900 of Korea program (Level V: 3rd year) of the National Institution of Biological Ypsolopha striatella (Busck, 1903) Resources grants. Ypsolopha sublucella (Walsingham, 1881) Ypsolopha undulatella (Busck, 1906) References Ypsolopha unicipunctella (Busck, 1903) Beutenmüller, W. M., 1889. Two new species of Tineidae from the Aleutian Islands. Can. Ento. 21: 27. Braun, A. F., 1925. Microlepidoptera of Northern Utah. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 51: 183-226. (Clerk, 1759) Busck, A., 1903. Notes on the Cerostoma group of Yponomeutidae, with descriptions of new North American species. Jour. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 11: 45-59 = Tinea radiatella Donovan, 1794 Busck, A., 1906. Description of American of the genus Cerostoma. Entomol. News 17: 96-99 Clarke, J. F. C., 1941. The preparation of slides of the genitalia of . Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 36: 149-161. = Pluteloptera ochrella Chambers, 1880 Forbes, W. T. M., 1948. Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States, Pt. II. Mem. Conell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stn. 274: 128-175. Ypsolopha vintrella (Busck, 1906) Heppner, J. B., 1982. Change of name of a North American Ypsolopha (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 84(3): 602. Kearfott, W. D., 1907. New Micro-Lepidoptera. Can. Ent. 39: 211-212. Ypsolopha walsinghamiella (Busck, 1903) Klots, A. B., 1970. Lepidoptera. In Tuxen, S. L. (ed.). Taxonomist’s Glossary of Genitalia in . Munksgaard. = Cerostoma instabilella (nec Mann, 1866): Walsingham, 1882 Kyrki, J., 1990. Tentative reclassification of holarctic Yponomeutoidea (Lepidoptera). Nota lepid. 13(1): 28-42. Meyrick, E., 1927. Exotic Microlepidoptera, Vol. 3. Taylor & Francis, London. Powell, J., 1967. A previously undescribed reared from Catalina Ironwood on Santa Cruz Island, California. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 43(3): 220-227. Walsingham, T., 1881. On some North-American Tineidae. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1881: 301-325. Walsingham, T., 1889. Steps towards a revision of Chambers’s index, with notes and descriptions of new species. Ins. Life 1: 287-291.