DOCSLIB.ORG

Full Thesis of Karma Dorjee Denzongpa.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Full Thesis of Karma Dorjee Denzongpa.Pdf A STUDY OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION OF MEDICO-SPIRITUAL PRACTICES IN SIKKIM AS INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE UNDER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN LAW SUPERVISOR Dr. Sujit Kumar Biswas Assistant Professor Department of Law University of North Bengal Submitted by: Karma Dorjee Denzongpa Registration No: - 740036 University of North Bengal Raja Rammohanpur Dist. Darjeeling Aug. 2018 ABSTRACT Indigenous knowledge has been used since ages by indigenous and local communities in Sikkim and has been the foundation of their existence specially in the key sectors of health. Western science has lately begun looking at Indigenous Knowledge as a basis of new drugs specially since the expenditure of putting new drugs on the market is sky-scraping. The budding phenomenon of bio-piracy makes it evident the somewhat hypocritical outlook of western science to Indigenous Knowledge. Scavenging it on the one hand and claiming patents on all kinds of goods derived from Indigenous Knowledge (neem, turmeric, etc) yet refusing to acknowledge its economic significance and ownership. Despite the growing recognition of Indigenous Knowledge as a valuable source of knowledge, Medico-spiritual healing practice in Sikkim is an acronym in terms of health care service that hardly needs to be expanded nowadays. Sikkim doctrines the indigenous spiritual practice, indigenous traditions related with religion and belief based healing treatment and is a natural centre of traditional healing practice. Medico-spiritual healers and occupational traditional healing therapy acts as alchemists. In this pristine virgin and scenic land of blooming orchids, the majority of the State population are directly dependent upon the traditional medications prescribed by the Medico-spiritual healers for their basic health services and facilities. The understanding of medicinal herbs or floras among the healers is part of their indigenous knowledge which has been snowballed from generation since time immemorial. However, lack of legal knowledge and awareness among the Medico-spiritual healers, due to lack of legal frame within the State is creating problems in the implementation of the Medico-spiritual healing practice. The healing practice has not found a place under Traditional Knowledge Digital Library, despite it being on the verge of extinction as the next generation of healers do not want to follow it and the availability of the medicinal flora is on decline. With a cooperative and positive attitude the concerned authorities of the Government should discharge their respective functions properly in order to curb the problems faced by the Medico-spiritual healers of Sikkim. Much paper work has been done but effective implementation of the same is still at sea. A legal framework for the protection and promotion of Medico-spiritual healing practice is the need of the hour. PREFACE The propagation of Indigenous Knowledge through the mechanism of Intellectual property law shows how urgent the need is for a better understanding of the relationship between Medico-spiritual healers and the concerned authorities in Sikkim, and illustrates some of the dilemmas in which the Sikkimese people find themselves as the need to build some measure of understanding between these two is necessary. It also explains the perspectives of the researcher as they embark on writing this thesis. Medico-spiritual healing practice is considered a pivotal health care service for the treatment of patients from various diseases. It is ironical that Medico-spiritual healer’s who provides health care service to the needy, at the same time is considered vulnerable to the Sikkimese society. This is primarily due to lack of a legal framework both in terms of State and National level to promote and protect this form of traditional healing practice. Therefore, introduction of a proper balanced legal frame work by the concerned authorities to promote and protect the healers would be the foremost criteria for creating a healthy healing environment. What is required is a positive attitude towards the proper implementation of the rules and guidelines, and then only successful management of Medico-spiritual healing practice would be possible. Study of Medico-spiritual healing practice in Sikkim as traditional management of human aliments indicates that the study area is rich in its medicinal plants composition and the associated indigenous knowledge possessed by the healers. The extensive uses of these medicinal plants specify that there is good harmony on the efficiency of their medicinal properties. The traditional medicinal floras are fundamental to the rural cultures. The healers are conversant about the plant life, their distribution, application and conservation. This is further promoted and safeguarded by cultural and spiritual practices. The issues associated with protecting Medico-spiritual healing practice in Sikkim are deeply concerned with the structural inability of State and National law to give the Sikkimese people control of their healing practice, heritage and communities. The absence of legal protection of these healers and there beneficiaries in State and National level is disturbing. As Medico-spiritual healers, they have had more than their share of adversity and tragedy because of the denial of the manifestation of legal protection. The State and National law should embrace and celebrate this universal healing culture and intellectual diversity for the richness and depth this Medico-spiritual healing practice brings to life on earth from a small State of Sikkim. The establishment of concrete legislations and appropriate databases of National recognition for addressing the burning concern of the Medico-spiritual healers in Sikkim for protection of their Traditional Knowledge Intellectual Property rights are some of the steps which are yet to be taken. The grant of Traditional Knowledge Digital Library registrations to Medico-spiritual healing practice prevalent in Sikkim, establishment of patent rights and benefit sharing models are stepping stones towards Traditional Knowledge protection. The modalities for protecting Medico-spiritual healing practice are still emerging and evolving and therefore the measures for doing so is at a flexible stage. The Medico-spiritual healers and there beneficiaries in Sikkim should be aware of Intellectual property right issues because traditional healing medication is a national wealth, which prompted the researcher to undertake the research work with a view to understand the present scenario of Medico- spiritual healing practice in Sikkim. CONTENTS Page No. List of Tables i-iii List of Cases iv-vii Acknowledgement viii-ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1-18 CHAPTER II INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE 19-64 2. I. Concept of Indigenous Knowledge a) Knowledge b) Knowledge is a social construct c) Knowledge is power20 d) Role of knowledge in traditional societies e) Indigenous Knowledge f) Indigenous Knowledge and the purpose of its protection g) Limitations in Intellectual Property laws to protect Indigenous Knowledge 2. II. Indigenous Knowledge as a source for innovation a) Traditional Knowledge innovation with Traditional Knowledge system b) Traditional Knowledge innovation beyond the local context i. Access and benefit sharing legislation c) Intellectual property rights and Traditional Knowledge based innovation i. use of Intellectual Property Rights for innovations with Traditional Knowledge systems 2. III. Connecting Indigenous Knowledge and Intellectual Property through Biological Resources and Benefit Sharing a) Defining resources b) The significance of benefit sharing c) Taking into account all rights d) Medicinal knowledge e) Bio-patents or Bio-piracy? f) Does the Convention on Biological Diversity provide a way forward? CHAPTER III INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS RELATING TO THE PROTECTION OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE 65-121 3. I. United nations Human Rights Conventions and Covenants 3. II. The International Intellectual Property Regime a) Copyright of literary and Artistic works i. The Berne convention for the protection of literary and artistic works, 1986 ii. The International convention for the protection of performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations (Rome Convention, 1961) iii. The world intellectual property organization, 1967 iv. Issues paper prepared by the Australian law reform commission, 1993 b) Patent protection and scientific discoveries i. The Paris convention for the protection of industrial property, 1884 ii. The International convention for the protection of new varieties of plants, 1961 iii. The Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of micro organisms for the purpose of patent procedure, 1977 iv. The Geneva Treaty on the international recording of scientific discoveries, 1978 v. Protection of inventions in the field of biotechnology, 1987 vi. The United Nations convention on biological diversity, 1992 vii. United nations food and agricultural organization and farmer’s rights 3. III. Technology know-how and Trade secrets a) Trade and Industrial design protection 3. IV. International Trade and Aid measures a) The agreement on trade related Intellectual Property, 1994 b) United States bills c) Resolutions of the European parliament d) United nations educational, scientific and cultural organization machinery for recovering cultural property 3. V. Protection of Folklore a) The Tunisian literary and Artistic property
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IGRMS News 2017
    Quarterly Newsletter October-December 2017 Inside 02 03 From The Director Desk FROM THE DIRECTOR’S DESK Page 03 One of the prime iniaves of IGRMS within teachers, parents etc joined together to celebrate EXHIBIT OF THE MONTH this me frame is the iniaon of Tribal Literature cultural diversies of our naon and also to reflect Dongmo - A Traditional Churner used for preparing Goor-goor Tea Page 04 Fesval (TLF Bhopal) which has created enormous their mulfarious talents. Similarly, our Dotara - A Plucked String Instrument Page 05 impact at the naonal level as it has provided an collaborave exhibion on Art and Cra tradion of Aftaba- A Water Container of the Mughal Style Page 06 alternave plaorm primarily for the tribal people Jharkhand added flavor to Jharkhand Fesval EXHIBITIONS of India. This will be an annual event and looking at organized by Government of Madhya Pradesh at Exhibition on “Art & Crafts of Jharkhand” Page 07 the response it has received, we are confident that Bharat Bhawan. Establishment of Interpretaon Exhibition of the India Art Foundations in IGRMS Page 08 this will turn into a mass movement for the Centre at Kairentak village in Manipur with the Renovation of Chakhesang Naga House Page 09 adibasis/tribal populaon of our naon. Annual acve support of legendary boxer, Mary Kom, is WORKSHOPS three days 'Balrang Fesval' in collaboraon with another significant achievement in connecng Pottery Traditions of India – Phase II Page 10 Government of Madhya Pradesh, became a huge people of Manipur and strengthening linkages with Workshop on 'Mridakar’ Page 11 success where average ten thousand students, India's North East region.
    [Show full text]
  • 20 December 2002
    MON ASH UNIVERSITY THESIS ACCEPTED IN SATISFACTION OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ON. n . 20 December 2002 Research Graduate Sc'nool Committee Under the copyright Act 1968, this thesis must be used only under the normal conditions of scholarly fair dealing for the purposes of research, criticism or review. In particular no results or conclusions should be extracted from it, nor should it be copied or closely paraphrased in whole or in part without the written consent of the author. Proper written acknowledgement should be made for any assistance obtained from this thesis. ERRATA p 255 para 2, 3rd line. "Furthermore" for "Furthemore" p 257 para 2, 3rd line: "the Aitons" for "The Aitons" th p xiii para 5,4 line: "compiled" for "complied" p 269 para 1, 1* line: omit "see" nd p xvii para 1, 2 line: "other" for "othr" p 293 para 1, 3rd line: "not" for "nor" rd p xix para 8, 3 line: omit *ull stop after "the late" p 301 para 1, 4th line: "post-modify" for "post-modifier" rd p 5 para 5, 3 line: "bandh is often" for "bandh often" p 306 example (64), 6th line, "3PI" for "3Sg" th p 21 para 1, 4 line: "led" for "lead" p 324 footnote 61, 2nd line: "whether (76) is a case" for "whether (76) a nd p 29 footnote 21, 2 line: omit one "that" case" st p 34 para 2,1 line: substitute a comma for the full stop p 333 para 1, 3rd line: "as is" for "as does" st p 67 para 3,1 line: "contains" for "contain" p 334 para 1, last line: add final full stop p 71 last para, last line: "the" for "The" p 334 para 2, 1st line: "Example" for "Examples"
    [Show full text]
  • Identity Politics and Social Exclusion in India's North-East
    Identity Politics and Social Exclusion in India’s North-East: The Case for Re-distributive Justice N.K.Das• Abstract: This paper examines how various brands of identity politics since the colonial days have served to create the basis of exclusion of groups, resulting in various forms of rifts, often envisaged in binary terms: majority-minority; sons of the soil’-immigrants; local-outsiders; tribal-non-tribal; hills-plains; inter-tribal; and intra-tribal. Given the strategic and sensitive border areas, low level of development, immense cultural diversity, and participatory democratic processes, social exclusion has resulted in perceptions of marginalization, deprivation, and identity losses, all adding to the strong basis of brands of separatist movements in the garb of regionalism, sub-nationalism, and ethnic politics, most often verging on extremism and secession. It is argued that local people’s anxiety for preservation of culture and language, often appearing as ‘narcissist self-awareness’, and their demand of autonomy, cannot be seen unilaterally as dysfunctional for a healthy civil society. Their aspirations should be seen rather as prerequisites for distributive justice, which no nation state can neglect. Colonial Impact and genesis of early ethnic consciousness: Northeast India is a politically vital and strategically vulnerable region of India. Surrounded by five countries, it is connected with the rest of India through a narrow, thirty-kilometre corridor. North-East India, then called Assam, is divided into Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. Diversities in terms of Mongoloid ethnic origins, linguistic variation and religious pluralism characterise the region. This ethnic-linguistic-ecological historical heritage characterizes the pervasiveness of the ethnic populations and Tibeto-Burman languages in northeast.
    [Show full text]
  • Land, People and Politics: Contest Over Tribal Land in Northeast India
    Land, People and Politics Land, PeoPLe and PoLitics: contest oveR tRibaL Land in noRtheast india Editors Walter Fernandes sanjay BarBora North Eastern Social Research Centre International Workgroup for Indigenous Affairs 2008 Land, People and Politics: contest over tribal Land in northeast india Editors: Walter Fernandes and Sanjay Barbora Pages: 178 ISSN: 0105-4503 ISBN: 9788791563409 Language: English Index : 1. Indigenous peoples; 2. Land alienation; Acknowledgements 3. Northeast India; 4. Colonialism Geographical area: Asia Publication date: January 2009 cover design: Kazimuddin Ahmed, Panos South Asia This book is an outcome of collaboration between North Eastern Social Research Centre (NESRC), Panos South Asia and International Published by: North Eastern Social Research Centre 110 Kharghuli Road (1st floor) Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA). It is based on studies on Guwahati 781004 land alienation in different states of the Northeast done by a group of Assam, India researchers in 2005-2006. Some papers that were produced during that Tel. (+91-361) 2602819 study are included in this book while others are new and were written Email: [email protected] Website: www.creighton.edu/CollaborativeMinistry/ or revised for this publication. We are grateful to all the researchers for NESRC the hard work they have put into these papers. The study, as well as the book, was funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) Denmark. The study was coordinated by Artax Shimray. We are grateful Classensgade 11E DK-2100 Copenhagen to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark for financial support for this Denmark book. We are grateful to IWGIA particularly Christian Erni and Christina www.iwgia.org Nilsson for their support.
    [Show full text]
  • Essays on Social Norms and Status of Women in Northeastern India
    Essays on Social Norms and Status of Women in Northeastern India Dissertation zur Erlangung des wirtschafts- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades Doctor rerum politicarum der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg vorgelegt von Sumantra Pal Heidelberg Juli 2020 To her. Acknowledgements In the first place, I thank the person who motivated me to change my research interest from empirical finance to development economics, Arnab Basu. Without meeting him, I might have never decided to start a PhD in development economics and consequently would have never had the chance to thank my supervisor Stefan Klonner. Special thanks to Radu Carciumaru for facilitating my admission process and pre-departure supports from the New Delhi office of the South Asia Institute. I would like to thank my supervisor Stefan Klonner for the continuous support and constant valuable advices. I deeply appreciate the intensive promotion that his PhD can- didates receive from him. Having had the chance and receiving the financial support to participate and present at workshops and conferences along with the possibility to meet an incredible number of brilliant people is something very special. Beyond academic guid- ance, he generously helped me beyond academic matters. I am also grateful to Christiane Schwieren for valuable advice. In particular, I am happy for having shared all the good and challenging moments of the PhD together with Kafeel Sarwar, my office mate, from the first day on. He made my first few days in Heidelberg much smoother than expected, including receiving me when I reached the alien city late in the evening. He has remained my ‘man friday’ throughout the marathon.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethno-Medicinal Plants Used by the Kom Community of Thayong Village
    Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 2018; 4(4): 171-179 Research Article Ethno-medicinal plants used by the Kom community of ISSN: 2454-5023 Thayong village, Manipur J. Ayu. Herb. Med. 2018; 4(4): 171-179 Leivon Edwin Kom1, Kangjam Tilotama1, Thokchom Dheeraj Singh1, AKS Rawat1, DS Thokchom1 © 2018, All rights reserved 1 Ethno-Medicinal Research Centre (EMRC), Foundation for Environment & Economic Development Services (FEEDS), www.ayurvedjournal.com Hengbung, P.O. Kangpokpi – 795 129, Manipur, India Received: 26-07-2018 Accepted: 31-12-2018 ABSTRACT Kom tribe is one among the tribal minority communities living in the state, Manipur. In-spite of many valuable works carried out recently time on ethno-medicinal plants of Manipur, little or few research work on ethno-medicinal plants used by kom tribe has been reported. This present study is an attempt to identify and document medicinal plants used by the Kom community living in the Thayong village of Manipur. The study recorded 58 plant species belonging to 36 families, which are used by the local practitioners as herbal medicine in meeting their basic health care needs. The plants, so used in the treatments are either used individually or in combination with other plants or sometimes mixed with honey or with mishri (rock sugar). Some plant or plant parts are also eaten raw as a vegetable. It is found that, use of these plants in disease treatment is quite effective and promising. This traditional knowledge and preparation methods of herbal medicine have been passed on from their forefathers. Therefore, it is important to document and conserve this relevant and valuable knowledge as they are a rich resource for the development of nutraceuticals and drug development.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Wild Edible Fruits for Kom Tribe in Manipur, India
    Pleione 6(2): 268 - 272. 2012. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy Indigenous wild edible fruits for Kom tribe in Manipur, India Reshma Khatoon, P. K. Singh1, Ajit Kumar Das and B. K. Dutta Department of Ecology and Environmental science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India 1Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, India [Received revised 30.10.2012; Accepted 13.11.2012] Abstract A study recorded 36 species of wild edible fruit plants belonging to 26 families used in various ways by the Kom tribe. This present work is the outcome of 4 field studies carried out in different parts of Kom inhabitant districts- Churachanpur, Chandel, Senapati and Imphal East. The Kom is one of those recognized scheduled tribes of Manipur who has acquired a good knowledge about the uses of wild edible fruits. Record of uses like Phyllanthus acidus (Linnaeus) Roxburgh, Docynia indica (Wallich) Decaisne, Antidesma bunius (Linnaeus) Sprengel, Myrica farquhariana Wallich, etc. is interesting. Most of the 36 species of wild edible fruit plants species reported in this paper form a significant component of the economic life of locals. Key words: wild edible fruit, Kom tribe, Churachandpur, Chandel. INTRODUCTION Manipur lying in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot and ranks in the 8th amongst the 35 biodiversity hotspots recognized by IUCN round the world. This holds immense potential for occurrence and cultivation of wide range of wild edible fruit plants. Manipur is inhabitant by different ethnic groups. Kom tribe belongs to the old Kuki tribe. They are settled in four districts districts of Manipur, - Churachandpur, Chandel, Senapati and Imphal East.
    [Show full text]
  • Tens of Thousands Newly Displaced in North- Eastern and Central States
    INDIA: Tens of thousands newly displaced in north- eastern and central states A profile of the internal displacement situation 9 February, 2006 This Internal Displacement Profile is automatically generated from the online IDP database of the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC). It includes an overview of the internal displacement situation in the country prepared by the IDMC, followed by a compilation of excerpts from relevant reports by a variety of different sources. All headlines as well as the bullet point summaries at the beginning of each chapter were added by the IDMC to facilitate navigation through the Profile. Where dates in brackets are added to headlines, they indicate the publication date of the most recent source used in the respective chapter. The views expressed in the reports compiled in this Profile are not necessarily shared by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. The Profile is also available online at www.internal-displacement.org. About the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, established in 1998 by the Norwegian Refugee Council, is the leading international body monitoring conflict-induced internal displacement worldwide. Through its work, the Centre contributes to improving national and international capacities to protect and assist the millions of people around the globe who have been displaced within their own country as a result of conflicts or human rights violations. At the request of the United Nations, the Geneva-based Centre runs an online database providing comprehensive information and analysis on internal displacement in some 50 countries. Based on its monitoring and data collection activities, the Centre advocates for durable solutions to the plight of the internally displaced in line with international standards.
    [Show full text]
  • Of INDIA Source: Joshua Project Data, 2019 Western Edition Introduction Page I INTRODUCTION & EXPLANATION
    Daily Prayer Guide for all People Groups & Unreached People Groups = LR-UPGs - of INDIA Source: Joshua Project data, www.joshuaproject.net 2019 Western edition Introduction Page i INTRODUCTION & EXPLANATION All Joshua Project people groups & “Least Reached” (LR) / “Unreached People Groups” (UPG) downloaded in August 2018 are included. Joshua Project considers LR & UPG as those people groups who are less than 2 % Evangelical and less than 5 % total Christian. The statistical data for population, percent Christian (all who consider themselves Christian), is Joshua Project computer generated as of August 24, 2018. This prayer guide is good for multiple years (2018, 2019, etc.) as there is little change (approx. 1.4% growth) each year. ** AFTER 2018 MULTIPLY POPULATION FIGURES BY 1.4 % ANNUAL GROWTH EACH YEAR. The JP-LR column lists those people groups which Joshua Project lists as “Least Reached” (LR), indicated by Y = Yes. White rows shows people groups JP lists as “Least Reached” (LR) or UPG, while shaded rows are not considered LR people groups by Joshua Project. For India ISO codes are used for some Indian states as follows: AN = Andeman & Nicobar. JH = Jharkhand OD = Odisha AP = Andhra Pradesh+Telangana JK = Jammu & Kashmir PB = Punjab AR = Arunachal Pradesh KA = Karnataka RJ = Rajasthan AS = Assam KL = Kerala SK = Sikkim BR = Bihar ML = Meghalaya TN = Tamil Nadu CT = Chhattisgarh MH = Maharashtra TR = Tripura DL = Delhi MN = Manipur UT = Uttarakhand GJ = Gujarat MP = Madhya Pradesh UP = Uttar Pradesh HP = Himachal Pradesh MZ = Mizoram WB = West Bengal HR = Haryana NL = Nagaland Introduction Page ii UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUPS IN INDIA AND SOUTH ASIA Mission leaders with Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization (LCWE) meeting in Chicago in 1982 developed this official definition of a PEOPLE GROUP: “a significantly large ethnic / sociological grouping of individuals who perceive themselves to have a common affinity to one another [on the basis of ethnicity, language, tribe, caste, class, religion, occupation, location, or a combination].
    [Show full text]
  • LCSH Section K
    K., Rupert (Fictitious character) Homology theory Ka nanʻʺ (Burmese people) (May Subd Geog) USE Rupert (Fictitious character : Laporte) NT Whitehead groups [DS528.2.K2] K-4 PRR 1361 (Steam locomotive) K. Tzetnik Award in Holocaust Literature UF Ka tūʺ (Burmese people) USE 1361 K4 (Steam locomotive) UF Ka-Tzetnik Award BT Ethnology—Burma K-9 (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) Peras Ḳ. Tseṭniḳ ʾKa nao dialect (May Subd Geog) UF K-Nine (Fictitious character) Peras Ḳatseṭniḳ BT China—Languages K9 (Fictitious character) BT Literary prizes—Israel Hmong language K 37 (Military aircraft) K2 (Pakistan : Mountain) Ka nō (Burmese people) USE Junkers K 37 (Military aircraft) UF Dapsang (Pakistan) USE Tha noʹ (Burmese people) K 98 k (Rifle) Godwin Austen, Mount (Pakistan) Ka Rang (Southeast Asian people) USE Mauser K98k rifle Gogir Feng (Pakistan) USE Sedang (Southeast Asian people) K.A.L. Flight 007 Incident, 1983 Mount Godwin Austen (Pakistan) Ka-taw USE Korean Air Lines Incident, 1983 BT Mountains—Pakistan USE Takraw K.A. Lind Honorary Award Karakoram Range Ka Tawng Luang (Southeast Asian people) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris K2 (Drug) USE Phi Tong Luang (Southeast Asian people) K.A. Linds hederspris USE Synthetic marijuana Kā Tiritiri o te Moana (N.Z.) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris K3 (Pakistan and China : Mountain) USE Southern Alps/Kā Tiritiri o te Moana (N.Z.) K-ABC (Intelligence test) USE Broad Peak (Pakistan and China) Ka-Tu USE Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children K4 (Pakistan and China : Mountain) USE Kha Tahoi K-B Bridge (Palau) USE Gasherbrum II (Pakistan and China) Ka tūʺ (Burmese people) USE Koro-Babeldaod Bridge (Palau) K4 Locomotive #1361 (Steam locomotive) USE Ka nanʻʺ (Burmese people) K-BIT (Intelligence test) USE 1361 K4 (Steam locomotive) Ka-Tzetnik Award USE Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test K5 (Pakistan and China : Mountain) USE K.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical-Comparative Study of the Tani (Mirish) Branch in Tibeto-Burman
    A Historical-Comparative Study of the Tani (Mirish) Branch in Tibeto-Burman t y Tianshin Jackson Sun B.A. (National Taiwan Normal University) 1979 MA. (National Taiwan Normal University) 1982 M A. (University of California at Berkeley) 1990 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA a t BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor James A Matisoff, Chair Professor Ting Pang-hsin Professor Gary Holland 1993 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The dissertation of Tianshin Jackson Sun is approved: >/, ///3 Chair I I Date J ZlaM j ff. tkU os*o t _____________ AftAxk 7.*), /99J Date Date University of California at Berkeley 1993 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table of Contents M aps .......................................................................................................................vii Acknowledgements ...............................................................................................x Chapter I. Introduction ................................................................................ 1 1.0. Preliminaries ............................................................................................1 1.0.1. Objectives and Limitations ......................................................1 1.0.2. Why a New Name? ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A South Asia and the Middle East
    i ! 4 (,:-,: South Asia and the Middle East George van Driem -<a -z South Asia is an ethnolinguistically inordinately complex portion of the planet. The topography of the greater Himalayan region has impeded migrations of peoples throughout prehistory. The result is an intricate patchwork of language phyla and language isolates enmeshed in a geographically complex pattern. Languages of the Altaic and Daic language families have encroached upon the periphery of the Hima­ layan region, whereas the Indian subcontinent is the home of Indo-European, Dravi­ dian, Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic languages. Moreover, South Asia is the home to the language isolates Andamanese, Nahali, Kusunda and Vedda. Burushaski, which was traditionally viewed as a language isolate, but has been shown to be a member of the Karasuk language family, is distantly related to the Yenisseian languages. The Indo-European family tree of Stammbaum has traditionally been emblematic of comparative linguistics. The family tree model is still a valid model of linguistic phy­ logeny, particularly with all of the qualifications and nuances which were already explicitly formulated from the earliest days of historical linguistics and later enhanced in the writings of Junggrammatiker, though these nuances have often been ignored by laymen as well as some linguists. Yet even the Indo-European family tree has come to look less like a tree today and increasingly resembles a bed of flowers sprouting forth from a common primordial substrate, despite the recognition of higher-order branches such as Indo-Iranian, Balto-Slavic and Italo-Celtic. Below family trees will be depicted of the three major language families which are either wholly or largely confined to the Indian subcontinent and the greater Himalayan region, namely Tibeto-Burman, Aus­ troasiatic and Dravidian.
    [Show full text]