Evidence That Serotonin Affects Female Sexual Functioning Via Peripheral Mechanisms
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Differential Studies of Ovarian Endometriosis Cells from Endometrium Or Oviduct
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2016; 20: 2769-2772 Differential studies of ovarian endometriosis cells from endometrium or oviduct W. LIU1,2, H.-Y. WANG3 1Reproductive Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui, China 3Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, the West Branch of Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China Abstract. – OBJECTIVE: To study the promi- In most cases, EMT affects ovary and peritone- nent differences between endometriosis (EMT) um, and as a result a plump shape cyst forms in cells derived from ovary, oviduct and endometri- the ovary. The cyst is called ovarian endometrio- um, and to provided new ideas about the patho- sis cyst (aka ovarian chocolate cyst) which usually genesis of endometriosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: contains old blood and is covered by endometrioid From June 2010 1 to June 2015, 210 patients diagnosed with en- epithelium. In 1860, Karl von Rokitansky studied dometriosis were enrolled in our study. Patients the disease and observed retrograde menstruation were treated by laparoscopy or conventional in nearly 90% of child-bearing women, and later surgeries in our hospital. Ovarian chocolate proposed “retrograde menstruation implantation cyst and paired normal ovarian tissues, fimbri- theory”. However, this theory explained endo- ated extremity of fallopian and uterine cavity en- metriosis in the abdominopelvic cavity does not domembrane tissues were collected, prepared 2 and observed by microscope. PCR was used for explain endometriosis outside of enterocelia . Lat- 3 4 amplification of target genes (FMO3 and HOXA9) er on, Iwanoff and Meyer proposed “coelomic and Western blot was used to evaluate FMO3 metaplasia theory” which stipulated that endome- and HOXA9 expression levels. -
Luteal Phase Deficiency: What We Now Know
■ OBGMANAGEMENT BY LAWRENCE ENGMAN, MD, and ANTHONY A. LUCIANO, MD Luteal phase deficiency: What we now know Disagreement about the cause, true incidence, and diagnostic criteria of this condition makes evaluation and management difficult. Here, 2 physicians dissect the data and offer an algorithm of assessment and treatment. espite scanty and controversial sup- difficult to definitively diagnose the deficien- porting evidence, evaluation of cy or determine its incidence. Further, while Dpatients with infertility or recurrent reasonable consensus exists that endometrial pregnancy loss for possible luteal phase defi- biopsy is the most reliable diagnostic tool, ciency (LPD) is firmly established in clinical concerns remain about its timing, repetition, practice. In this article, we examine the data and interpretation. and offer our perspective on the role of LPD in assessing and managing couples with A defect of corpus luteum reproductive disorders (FIGURE 1). progesterone output? PD is defined as endometrial histology Many areas of controversy Linconsistent with the chronological date of lthough observational and retrospective the menstrual cycle, based on the woman’s Astudies have reported a higher incidence of LPD in women with infertility and recurrent KEY POINTS 1-4 pregnancy losses than in fertile controls, no ■ Luteal phase deficiency (LPD), defined as prospective study has confirmed these find- endometrial histology inconsistent with the ings. Furthermore, studies have failed to con- chronological date of the menstrual cycle, may be firm the superiority of any particular therapy. caused by deficient progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum or failure of the endometrium Once considered an important cause of to respond appropriately to ovarian steroids. -
The History of First Generation Antipsychotics
Episode 020: The History and Use of Antipsychotics David Puder, M.D. This PDF is a supplement to the podcast “Psychiatry & Psychotherapy” found on iTunes, Google Play, Stitcher, Overcast, PlayerFM, PodBean, TuneIn, Podtail, Blubrry, Podfanatic In my last post, Dr. Cummings and I talked about what psychopharmacology is, how medicine works in our body, and what factors affect medicine absorption rates. In the latest podcast, Dr. Cummings and I talked about antipsychotics, the particular branch of psychopharmacology that deals with medicines that treat psychotic experiences and other mental disorders, such as: ● Schizophrenia ● Severe depression ● Severe anxiety ● Bipolar disorder ● Psychosis exhibiting hallucinations and delusions The History of First Generation Antipsychotics The use of antipsychotics as medication began in 1933 in France. The research around developing antihistamines evolved into the introduction of promethazine. This drug produced sedative side effects, so doctors started prescribing it before surgeries as a calming agent. Eventually, a doctor studied the derivatives of promethazine, altered it, and developed chlorpromazine. It was mostly used as a pre-surgery anti-anxiety pill, until psychiatrists took note of the calming effect of the drug and began prescribing it to their patients. Prior to chlorpromazine, the options for treating psychotic patients were electroconvulsive therapy, hydrotherapy, and putting patients in an insulin coma. None of those are antipsychotic in nature. When two psychiatrists, Dr. Delay and Dr. Deniker, gave 38 psychotic patients a test round of chlorpromazine, they noticed the patients were calmer, and also less Copyright: David Puder, M.D., 2019, Please share this without changing any of the content. Episode 020: The History and Use of Antipsychotics David Puder, M.D. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness Et Al
USOO6264,917B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 24, 2001 (54) TARGETED ULTRASOUND CONTRAST 5,733,572 3/1998 Unger et al.. AGENTS 5,780,010 7/1998 Lanza et al. 5,846,517 12/1998 Unger .................................. 424/9.52 (75) Inventors: Jo Klaveness; Pál Rongved; Dagfinn 5,849,727 12/1998 Porter et al. ......................... 514/156 Lovhaug, all of Oslo (NO) 5,910,300 6/1999 Tournier et al. .................... 424/9.34 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo (NO) 2 145 SOS 4/1994 (CA). (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 19 626 530 1/1998 (DE). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 O 727 225 8/1996 (EP). U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO91/15244 10/1991 (WO). WO 93/20802 10/1993 (WO). WO 94/07539 4/1994 (WO). (21) Appl. No.: 08/958,993 WO 94/28873 12/1994 (WO). WO 94/28874 12/1994 (WO). (22) Filed: Oct. 28, 1997 WO95/03356 2/1995 (WO). WO95/03357 2/1995 (WO). Related U.S. Application Data WO95/07072 3/1995 (WO). (60) Provisional application No. 60/049.264, filed on Jun. 7, WO95/15118 6/1995 (WO). 1997, provisional application No. 60/049,265, filed on Jun. WO 96/39149 12/1996 (WO). 7, 1997, and provisional application No. 60/049.268, filed WO 96/40277 12/1996 (WO). on Jun. 7, 1997. WO 96/40285 12/1996 (WO). (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WO 96/41647 12/1996 (WO). -
Prohibited Substances List
Prohibited Substances List This is the Equine Prohibited Substances List that was voted in at the FEI General Assembly in November 2009 alongside the new Equine Anti-Doping and Controlled Medication Regulations(EADCMR). Neither the List nor the EADCM Regulations are in current usage. Both come into effect on 1 January 2010. The current list of FEI prohibited substances remains in effect until 31 December 2009 and can be found at Annex II Vet Regs (11th edition) Changes in this List : Shaded row means that either removed or allowed at certain limits only SUBSTANCE ACTIVITY Banned Substances 1 Acebutolol Beta blocker 2 Acefylline Bronchodilator 3 Acemetacin NSAID 4 Acenocoumarol Anticoagulant 5 Acetanilid Analgesic/anti-pyretic 6 Acetohexamide Pancreatic stimulant 7 Acetominophen (Paracetamol) Analgesic/anti-pyretic 8 Acetophenazine Antipsychotic 9 Acetylmorphine Narcotic 10 Adinazolam Anxiolytic 11 Adiphenine Anti-spasmodic 12 Adrafinil Stimulant 13 Adrenaline Stimulant 14 Adrenochrome Haemostatic 15 Alclofenac NSAID 16 Alcuronium Muscle relaxant 17 Aldosterone Hormone 18 Alfentanil Narcotic 19 Allopurinol Xanthine oxidase inhibitor (anti-hyperuricaemia) 20 Almotriptan 5 HT agonist (anti-migraine) 21 Alphadolone acetate Neurosteriod 22 Alphaprodine Opiod analgesic 23 Alpidem Anxiolytic 24 Alprazolam Anxiolytic 25 Alprenolol Beta blocker 26 Althesin IV anaesthetic 27 Althiazide Diuretic 28 Altrenogest (in males and gelidngs) Oestrus suppression 29 Alverine Antispasmodic 30 Amantadine Dopaminergic 31 Ambenonium Cholinesterase inhibition 32 Ambucetamide Antispasmodic 33 Amethocaine Local anaesthetic 34 Amfepramone Stimulant 35 Amfetaminil Stimulant 36 Amidephrine Vasoconstrictor 37 Amiloride Diuretic 1 Prohibited Substances List This is the Equine Prohibited Substances List that was voted in at the FEI General Assembly in November 2009 alongside the new Equine Anti-Doping and Controlled Medication Regulations(EADCMR). -
Serotonin and Thermoregulation Physiologic and Pharmacologic Aspects of Control Revealed by Intravenous M-CPP in Normal Human Subjects Paul]
~!''"~! f'('-'t)•V( ~1.t, .. !LSI \'ILR Serotonin and Thermoregulation Physiologic and Pharmacologic Aspects of Control Revealed by Intravenous m-CPP in Normal Human Subjects Paul]. Schwartz, M.D., Thomas A. Wehr, M.D., Norman E. Rosenthal, M.D., John]. Bartko, Ph.D., Dan A. Oren, M.D., Christopher Luetke, B.S., and Dennis L. Murphy, M. D. Mcta-c/1lorophenylpipera:i11c (111-CPP), 11 probe of crntml tlze effector mechanism primarily responsible for m-CPP serotonergic function, elevaft's corr /e111perat11re 111 induced core hyperthermia is increased metabolic rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans uia serotoni11 t/1cnnogenesis. Individual differences in the magnitude of receptor-mediated mechanisms. To further characterize t/1c hyperthermia were independent of m-CPP plasma the thermoregulaton1 aspects of this response, ,ue studied nmcentrations but were found to be linearly correlated 16 healthy uolunteers using multiple core and skin with the level of the previous night's core rectal temperature recording sites. Compared tu placebo, temperature minimum and mean. It appears that m-CPP intravenous 111-CPP (0. 08 mgikg) produced statisticaU11 adiuates a mode of metabolic thennogenesis governed by significant bipliasic changes in rectal lt'mperatu re, a noctu mally sensiti'ue proportional control mechanism. characterized by initial hypothermia ( - 0. ()4' Cat 1 The operation of such a proportional controller is minutes) followed by progrrssiz•e Jz11prrt/1em1ia I+ U. l-; (_ clza ractcrized by a set point and a gain, and has been at 90 minutes). 111-CPP also produced s1gnitica11t implicated in the general economy of mammalian energy increases in plasma 11urepimplz rinc I oncc11t ratio11s. -
The Use of Stems in the Selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for Pharmaceutical Substances
WHO/PSM/QSM/2006.3 The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances 2006 Programme on International Nonproprietary Names (INN) Quality Assurance and Safety: Medicines Medicines Policy and Standards The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances FORMER DOCUMENT NUMBER: WHO/PHARM S/NOM 15 © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. -
Drug and Medication Classification Schedule
KENTUCKY HORSE RACING COMMISSION UNIFORM DRUG, MEDICATION, AND SUBSTANCE CLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE KHRC 8-020-1 (11/2018) Class A drugs, medications, and substances are those (1) that have the highest potential to influence performance in the equine athlete, regardless of their approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or (2) that lack approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration but have pharmacologic effects similar to certain Class B drugs, medications, or substances that are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Acecarbromal Bolasterone Cimaterol Divalproex Fluanisone Acetophenazine Boldione Citalopram Dixyrazine Fludiazepam Adinazolam Brimondine Cllibucaine Donepezil Flunitrazepam Alcuronium Bromazepam Clobazam Dopamine Fluopromazine Alfentanil Bromfenac Clocapramine Doxacurium Fluoresone Almotriptan Bromisovalum Clomethiazole Doxapram Fluoxetine Alphaprodine Bromocriptine Clomipramine Doxazosin Flupenthixol Alpidem Bromperidol Clonazepam Doxefazepam Flupirtine Alprazolam Brotizolam Clorazepate Doxepin Flurazepam Alprenolol Bufexamac Clormecaine Droperidol Fluspirilene Althesin Bupivacaine Clostebol Duloxetine Flutoprazepam Aminorex Buprenorphine Clothiapine Eletriptan Fluvoxamine Amisulpride Buspirone Clotiazepam Enalapril Formebolone Amitriptyline Bupropion Cloxazolam Enciprazine Fosinopril Amobarbital Butabartital Clozapine Endorphins Furzabol Amoxapine Butacaine Cobratoxin Enkephalins Galantamine Amperozide Butalbital Cocaine Ephedrine Gallamine Amphetamine Butanilicaine Codeine -
The Woman with Postmenopausal Bleeding
THEME Gynaecological malignancies The woman with postmenopausal bleeding Alison H Brand MD, FRCS(C), FRANZCOG, CGO, BACKGROUND is a certified gynaecological Postmenopausal bleeding is a common complaint from women seen in general practice. oncologist, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales. OBJECTIVE [email protected]. This article outlines a general approach to such patients and discusses the diagnostic possibilities and their edu.au management. DISCUSSION The most common cause of postmenopausal bleeding is atrophic vaginitis or endometritis. However, as 10% of women with postmenopausal bleeding will be found to have endometrial cancer, all patients must be properly assessed to rule out the diagnosis of malignancy. Most women with endometrial cancer will be diagnosed with early stage disease when the prognosis is excellent as postmenopausal bleeding is an early warning sign that leads women to seek medical advice. Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is defined as bleeding • cancer of the uterus, cervix, or vagina (Table 1). that occurs after 1 year of amenorrhea in a woman Endometrial or vaginal atrophy is the most common cause who is not receiving hormone therapy (HT). Women of PMB but more sinister causes of the bleeding such on continuous progesterone and oestrogen hormone as carcinoma must first be ruled out. Patients at risk for therapy can expect to have irregular vaginal bleeding, endometrial cancer are those who are obese, diabetic and/ especially for the first 6 months. This bleeding should or hypertensive, nulliparous, on exogenous oestrogens cease after 1 year. Women on oestrogen and cyclical (including tamoxifen) or those who experience late progesterone should have a regular withdrawal bleeding menopause1 (Table 2). -
Gynecologic Pathology Grossing Guidelines Specimen Type
Gynecologic Pathology Grossing Guidelines Specimen Type: TOTAL HYSTERECTOMY and SALPINGO-OOPHRECTOMY (for TUMOR) Gross Template: Labeled with the patient’s name (***), medical record number (***), designated “***”, and received [fresh/in formalin] is a *** gram [intact/previously incised/disrupted] [total/ supracervical hysterectomy/ total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy, hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy]. The uterus weighs [***grams] and measures *** cm (cornu-cornu) x *** cm (fundus-lower uterine segment) x *** cm (anterior - posterior). The cervix measures *** cm in length x *** cm in diameter. The endometrial cavity measures *** cm in length, up to *** cm wide. The endometrium measures *** cm in average thickness. The myometrium ranges from *** to *** cm in thickness. The right ovary measures *** x *** x *** cm. The left ovary measures *** x *** x *** cm. The right fallopian tube measures *** cm in length [with/without] fimbriae x *** cm in diameter, with a *** cm average luminal diameter. The left fallopian tube measures *** cm in length [with/without] fimbriae x *** cm in diameter, with a *** cm average luminal diameter. The serosa is [pink, smooth, glistening, unremarkable/has adhesions]. The endometrium is tan-red and remarkable for [describe lesion- location (fundus, corpus, lower uterine segment); size (***x***cm in area); color; consistency; configuration (solid, papillary, exophytic, polypoid)]. Sectioning reveals the mass has a [describe cut surface-solid, cystic, etc.]. The mass extends [less than/ greater than] 50% into the myometrium (the mass involves *** cm of the wall where the wall measures *** cm in thickness, in the [location]). The mass [does/does not] involve the lower uterine segement and measures *** cm from the cervical mucosa. The myometrium is [tan-yellow, remarkable for trabeculations, cysts, leiyomoma- (location, size)]. -
Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization
No. 31874 Multilateral Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organ ization (with final act, annexes and protocol). Concluded at Marrakesh on 15 April 1994 Authentic texts: English, French and Spanish. Registered by the Director-General of the World Trade Organization, acting on behalf of the Parties, on 1 June 1995. Multilat ral Accord de Marrakech instituant l©Organisation mondiale du commerce (avec acte final, annexes et protocole). Conclu Marrakech le 15 avril 1994 Textes authentiques : anglais, français et espagnol. Enregistré par le Directeur général de l'Organisation mondiale du com merce, agissant au nom des Parties, le 1er juin 1995. Vol. 1867, 1-31874 4_________United Nations — Treaty Series • Nations Unies — Recueil des Traités 1995 Table of contents Table des matières Indice [Volume 1867] FINAL ACT EMBODYING THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS ACTE FINAL REPRENANT LES RESULTATS DES NEGOCIATIONS COMMERCIALES MULTILATERALES DU CYCLE D©URUGUAY ACTA FINAL EN QUE SE INCORPOR N LOS RESULTADOS DE LA RONDA URUGUAY DE NEGOCIACIONES COMERCIALES MULTILATERALES SIGNATURES - SIGNATURES - FIRMAS MINISTERIAL DECISIONS, DECLARATIONS AND UNDERSTANDING DECISIONS, DECLARATIONS ET MEMORANDUM D©ACCORD MINISTERIELS DECISIONES, DECLARACIONES Y ENTEND MIENTO MINISTERIALES MARRAKESH AGREEMENT ESTABLISHING THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION ACCORD DE MARRAKECH INSTITUANT L©ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU COMMERCE ACUERDO DE MARRAKECH POR EL QUE SE ESTABLECE LA ORGANIZACI N MUND1AL DEL COMERCIO ANNEX 1 ANNEXE 1 ANEXO 1 ANNEX -
The Uterus and the Endometrium Common and Unusual Pathologies
The uterus and the endometrium Common and unusual pathologies Dr Anne Marie Coady Consultant Radiologist Head of Obstetric and Gynaecological Ultrasound HEY WACH Lecture outline Normal • Unusual Pathologies • Definitions – Asherman’s – Flexion – Osseous metaplasia – Version – Post ablation syndrome • Normal appearances – Uterus • Not covering congenital uterine – Cervix malformations • Dimensions Pathologies • Uterine – Adenomyosis – Fibroids • Endometrial – Polyps – Hyperplasia – Cancer To be avoided at all costs • Do not describe every uterus with two endometrial cavities as a bicornuate uterus • Do not use “malignancy cannot be excluded” as a blanket term to describe a mass that you cannot categorize • Do not use “ectopic cannot be excluded” just because you cannot determine the site of the pregnancy 2 Endometrial cavities Lecture outline • Definitions • Unusual Pathologies – Flexion – Asherman’s – Version – Osseous metaplasia • Normal appearances – Post ablation syndrome – Uterus – Cervix • Not covering congenital uterine • Dimensions malformations • Pathologies • Uterine – Adenomyosis – Fibroids • Endometrial – Polyps – Hyperplasia – Cancer Anteflexed Definitions 2 terms are described to the orientation of the uterus in the pelvis Flexion Version Flexion is the bending of the uterus on itself and the angle that the uterus makes in the mid sagittal plane with the cervix i.e. the angle between the isthmus: cervix/lower segment and the fundus Anteflexed < 180 degrees Retroflexed > 180 degrees Retroflexed Definitions 2 terms are described