Landscaping: Flowering Annuals for Wyoming Karen L

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Landscaping: Flowering Annuals for Wyoming Karen L. Panter Extension Horticulture Specialist Department of Plant Sciences University of Wyoming

B-1170 February 2006 Cooperative Extension Service Author Karen L. Panter, University of Wyoming Extension Horticulture Specialist, Department of Plant Sciences, P.O. Box 3354, Laramie, WY 82071-3354 Layout and Design: Jenna Norfolk, Agricultural Communications and Technology Intern

Issued in furtherance of cooperative extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Glen Whipple, director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071. Persons seeking admission, employment, or access to programs of the University of Wyoming shall be con- sidered without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, age, political belief, veteran status, sexual orientation, and marital or familial status. Persons with disabilities who require alterna- tive means for communication or program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact their local UW CES Office. To file a complaint, write the UW Employment Practices/Affirmative Action Office, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Dept. 3434, Laramie, WY 82071. or bright splashes of color all summer, Fnothing beats annuals. Though many are technically perennials that simply won’t survive cold Wyoming winters, many are truly “annual.” The botanical definition of an annual plant is one that germinates from seed; grows and develops; forms flowers, fruits, and seeds; and then dies all in one growing season. True annuals include sunflowers while others, like impatiens, are perennial in their native Central America but are treated as annuals here. Annuals are highly important in Wyo- Soil and bed preparation ming gardens and landscapes because of Even though annuals are only in the their diversity in foliage color and texture, ground for one growing season, pre-plant flower color and size, and adaptability. An- soil preparation is still important. Most nual blossoms are quite colorful and plants annual flowers grow best in moderately will bloom all growing season. There are fertile, well-drained soil. Wyoming soils are hundreds of species and cultivars available, often low in organic matter, nitrogen and, most of which will thrive in Wyoming. sometimes, available phosphorus. Some Annual flower gardens require planning have poor drainage and high soluble salts. and care. An annual garden, by its very na- These problems need to be corrected be- ture, is very different from a perennial gar- fore planting. The work involved in proper den. Annuals bloom all summer long and soil preparation will pay dividends every must be replanted each spring and cleaned year. out each fall. Have a soil test done. Contact the local Wyoming’s climate can be stressful for county office of the University of Wyoming many plants. Low rainfall, low humidity, Cooperative Extension Service (UW CES) high wind, and high solar radiation, not for assistance. A test will report the soil to mention late frosts in spring and early texture, organic matter percentage, avail- frosts in fall, can make gardening with an- able phosphorus and nitrogen, pH, soluble nuals a challenge. A short growing season salt level, and lime content. Recommen- often limits plant growth. Plus, local soils dations will be included for fertilizer ap- almost always need improvement to sup- plications, if needed, along with other soil port gardens used each year for annuals. modifications. Most Wyoming soils are heavy clay, but occasionally sandy types occur. The best method for improving either clay or sandy soils is to add good quality organic matter. This can be well-aged compost, peat moss, or any clean, well-composted organic material. The usual recommendation is to add

1 a layer 2 to 3 inches thick on the top of the Always purchase plants with proper garden bed and then spade or till it in to a labels on them. Labeling should include depth of about 6 inches. With annual gar- a plant’s Latin name, one or more com- dens, this should be done each year. Never mon names, picture, height and width at add sand as a soil amendment. Fertilization maturity, planting spacing, exposure needs, may or may not be necessary, depending fertilizer needs, water requirements, and upon the results of the soil test. any other important information specific to that plant. If a label is not present, choose something else. The vast majority of flowering annuals are not cold tolerant, so wait to plant them until after the last local frost date (see side- bar). Carefully remove each plant from its container or cell pack and plant it no deep- er than it was in the original pot or pack. Circling roots can be gently unwound and root-bound roots can be loosened. Lightly firm the soil around the plant. After planting is complete, water each plant carefully Planting and thoroughly. This does two things: it provides water for the plant in its new Even with annual flowers, it is helpful home, and it settles the soil in around the to have a plan drawn up before plants are root system, minimizing air pockets. purchased. A bit of planning on paper may be beneficial. Always consider the mature height, spread, flower color, water needs, Watering and light requirements of plants. Mass Regular irrigation is recommended for planting groups of plants of one species the best performance of many flowering and color will produce an eye-catching dis- annuals. This is especially important for the play. first week or two as the plant is becoming When purchasing plant material, buy established in the garden. There are no from reputable retailers. Make sure the hard and fast rules of thumb for irrigating plants have been properly cared for by annuals simply because of their great diver- the retailer. Foliage should be healthy and sity. If in doubt, follow instructions on the green; check for signs of insect or disease label or carefully dig down 4 to 6 inches in damage. Also look to see if the roots are the flower bed to determine how dry the healthy and white and that the plant is soil is. If it is moist on top, wait another rooted to the bottom of the container or day. If it is dry all the way down, it is time cell pack. Look for signs of stress including to water thoroughly. Infrequent, thorough, leaf tip burning or wilting, which may indi- deep watering is always preferred over fre- cate inadequate watering. quent, shallow irrigations. Try to water in the morning; watering at night leaves foliage wet which can foster disease develop- ment.

It is helpful to plant annuals with similar An excellent option is drip irrigation. Many water requirements together in “zones.” types are available today that will afford Those requiring little additional water thorough coverage with little evaporation, should be planted together, those requir- however, a drip system requires mainte- ing moderate moisture should be in the nance as emitters will sometimes clog. Re- same zone, and those with high water re- placement is usually necessary after a few quirements should be in their own zone. years because the tubing will break down This makes it much easier to water plants over time with Wyoming’s high solar radia- according to their needs, especially if an tion and rapid temperature fluctuations. automated system is used. Soaker hoses are another good option. Watering can be accomplished in sev- These can be hidden under mulch and may eral ways. Hand watering is probably the last somewhat longer than drip hoses. most inefficient, but many municipalities Mulching require this method during periods of Using mulches during the growing drought. The reason is gardeners won’t ac- season will slow the loss of water, prevent cidentally forget to turn the sprinkler off if soil drying and cracking, reduce weak they are the sprinkler. plant growth, prevent soil splashing, and provide a neat and well-kept appearance. Many kinds of mulch are available including organic types such as bark chunks, pine needles, ground corn cobs, wood chips, or compost. Organic mulches are beneficial Setting a hose and sprinkler out for a in that they return nutrients to the soil as specified amount of time is also acceptable they break down. Be aware that some, like but can lead to over- or under-irrigation. pine needles or any small organic matter, Automatic sprinkler systems set up for may blow away in high winds. Mulch must turf areas may also work, but care must be allow water and oxygen to penetrate into taken to make sure the garden area is cov- the soil below, and it should decompose ered. Unfortunately, this type of watering slowly. A layer 2 inches thick is ideal. is usually on a schedule rather than based on plant needs. Learn how to set or reset the timer as needed throughout the growing season.

There are disadvantages to organic mulches. In some locations in Wyoming, the soil may stay too cool under mulch. With cool soil, root growth may be inhibited which in turn limits shoot growth. This may be a Fertilizing problem particularly with annual vegetable Annuals differ widely in their fertiliza- crops that may then mature too late in the tion needs. The label on a plant should growing season. If cool soils are a problem, state the fertilizer needs of the plant in wait until the sun has warmed the soil in the container. A soil test will provide the late spring to apply mulch. Also, certain information necessary to determine if the pests like slugs may hide in some mulches. flower bed needs any nutrients. If fertil- Inorganic mulches are also available izer is needed, there are many acceptable but are not as highly recommended. These types on the market. Always read and fol- are permanent unless moved, will not low label directions and be careful not to decompose, and may impede water and over fertilize. Too much fertilizer leads to oxygen penetration into the root zone spindly, weak, tender plant growth that will underneath. Inorganic mulches include not hold up in Wyoming’s climate. Also, crushed rock, marble chips, and various too much fertilizer is known to contribute sizes of gravel. Plastics are not recom- to downstream pollution and algal blooms. mended because they do not allow water If in doubt, don’t fertilize or at least use or oxygen to penetrate to plant roots. Even minimal amounts. landscape fabrics are not recommended by some landscapers. Although they do allow water and oxygen to penetrate into the soil Some of the types available in retail and also minimize weed problems early on, stores include liquid or dry concentrates, fabrics make it difficult to plant or replant. liquid ready-to-use, granular, and slow Their purpose is often defeated as soil and release. Dry or liquid mix-your-own kinds other organic matter builds up on top, tend to be the least expensive and are the leading to weed problems later. easiest to over apply. More is definitely not better. Slow release types are more expensive but generally one application in the spring is sufficient to last the growing season. Many organic fertilizers are available but tend to be lower in nutrient content. Manures and composts can be used. Ma- nure, if not aged properly, can be very high in soluble salts, leading to burned plant roots. Composts decompose, and an additional nitrogen source may be required for annual plants to thrive. This is because microbes decomposing the organic matter can easily use up any available soil nitrogen leaving little to none for the plants.

Simply by scouting and monitoring the plants in a garden frequently, one can find many insect pests and begin proper treatments. Be aware many insects in the Staking garden are actually beneficial. Few of them Few annuals will require staking. If create problems for annuals. For this rea- needed for taller plants, use stakes 6 to 12 son, proper identification of an insect is inches shorter than the full-grown stems. crucial and remedies may or may not be Use several stakes around the plants. Al- warranted. Contact a local UW CES office ways use soft cotton cord, jute, or wide for insect diagnostic assistance. plastic, and never wire. Tie one end of the Diseases in the annual flower garden cord to a stake and then surround the plant can be minimized by proper watering, fer- until it is encircled by the cord, thus hold- tilizing, spacing, plant selection, and sanita- ing up the plant. tion. Occasional outbreaks of diseases can frequently be managed through changes Pests in watering or other cultural practices. There are many types of diseases caused by Weeds can be managed by starting fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Viruses can- with clean soil and weed-free plant mate- not be managed other than by removing rial and organic matter. Regular cultivation and destroying an affected plant. Any sus- and hand weeding will usually be needed pected plant disease should be checked by through the growing season. Using a a knowledgeable diagnostician. Contact a good layer of mulch often minimizes weed local UW CES office for further diagnostic problems, as does placing plants close to- help. Never compost diseased plant materi- gether. Both of these strategies minimize als because the causal organisms may not sunlight penetration to weed seeds, which, be killed by the process. Fall clean-up in turn, keeps them from germinating and growing. Sometimes using mulches such as straw, manure, and hay can aggravate weed problems because weed seeds are often found in them. If possible, avoid using these materials if weeds are a problem. Insect pests can sometimes gather in large enough numbers to injure flowering annuals. In a well-watered and well-tended garden, some insects may thrive. The best defense is actually a good offense – keep- ing annuals healthy in the first place. Plants are like people in this respect. If they are stressed by too much or too little water, fertilizer, sun, or shade, they are much more susceptible to injury from insects and diseases. For this reason, proper fertilizing, watering, and spacing are very important. Removing annual plants after fall dieback

helps to minimize disease and insect prob- The trick to container gardening is to lems for the following season. Sometimes, use good, clean, soilless growing media insects and diseases over-winter on plant (also avoid sand). These potting mixes are parts left in the garden. By removing these lightweight, already clean, and many pro- in the fall, the chances of re-infection the vide starter fertilizers to jump start plant next growing season will be less. If the an- growth. Always use containers with drain- nuals were healthy, they can be composted age holes in the bottom, and never put after removal from the garden. anything over the drainage hole (clay pot shard, layer of gravel, etc.) as these actually decrease drainage and may lead to root rotting problems. Plants in a container of any sort will dry out quicker than plants in the ground, so attention to watering is crucial. A hanging basket in a sunny location will need water every day. Fertilizing may or may not need to be done, depending on the plant material. An easy way to fertilize container- ized plants is to use a slow-release, granular fertilizer. If applied at planting time in the Winter care spring, these are usually sufficient to carry the plants through the growing season. Winter care for annual beds? Definitely. Hydrophilic gels are frequently sold Clean out the plants after dieback in the as products that will increase a container’s fall. Then add another layer of mulch. It ability to hold water. Studies have shown will help keep the soil underneath moist mixed results, often showing no difference during the winter and will also minimize in days between waterings between media temperature fluctuations. Plus, it will be containing gels and media with no gels in- there in the spring when new annuals are corporated. They can be expensive and are ready to be planted. hard to work with, especially when they are wet. They also have a tendency to break down over time, especially with high levels Annuals in containers of fertility or salts in irrigation water. Annuals work beautifully in many types of containers, from large Grecian urns to Suggested flowering annuals hanging baskets. Many retail garden cen- The following table includes annual ters sell ready-to-go container gardens full flowering plants that survive and thrive in of assorted flowering annuals. Hanging Wyoming. It is divided into two sections baskets are also available in many different – one for warmer, lower elevations and one sizes, many with several varieties of plants for cooler and higher elevations. in them. Changing container collections during the season can lend new and excit- ing visual appeal.

Moderate Regular Moderate Regular Regular Regular Regular Water Regular Regular Moderate Regular Sun, part shade Sun Sun Part shade Sun Part shade Sun, part shade Exposure Exposure Sun, part shade Sun, part shade Sun Sun, part shade White, pink, rose Range from white through red Blue, white, pink Purple, blue, indigo, white depending on Various plant habit Range from white, blue, purple, scarlet Flower color Blue, pink, white White, pink, rose, apricot purple, yellow, Red, bronze Red and green blotched White with yellow/ blue or yellow/purple center 1’-2’ 10” 18” 1’ 2’ 10”-18” Spread 1’ 1’ 8” 18” 18” 1’-2’ 6”-1’ 1’ 1’-2’ Some trailing, some mounding 8”-3’ Height 6”-2’ 6’ 6”-1’ 1’-4’ 2’ Apocynaceae Begoniaceae Asteraceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae Family Asteraceae Malvaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Asteraceae China aster, annual China aster, aster Madagascar periwinkle, rose periwinkle Fibrous-rooted begonia, wax begonia, wax plant Swan River daisy Browallia, amethyst sapphire flower, flower Million bells, calibrachoa Common name Flossflower, ageratum Hollyhock Garden alternanthera, joyweed Joseph’s coat, amaranth blue African daisy, arctotis eyed daisy,

iberidifolia Venidium Venidium ) )

, (biennial) ) Vinca rosea Vinca A. venusta Brachycome Catharanthus roseus ( Begonia semperflorens- cultorum Brachyscome ( Browallia speciosa Calibrachoa officinalis Callistephus chinensis Latin name Ageratum houstonianum Alcea rosea Alternanthera tenella Amaranthus tricolor stoechadifolia Arctotis ( fastuosum Table 1. Annuals for warmer areas, including lower elevations in Wyoming. Table

Water Moderate Regular Regular Regular Little Moderate Regular Regular Moderate Moderate Regular Moderate Regular Regular Exposure Exposure Sun Sun Part shade Sun, part shade Sun Sun Sun, part shade Sun, part shade Sun, part shade Sun Sun, part shade Sun Sun, part shade Sun Flower color Pink, orange, red, purple gold, yellow, White, rose, red, purple cherry, Grown for colored foliage Foliage plant orange, Yellow, maroon, bronze, red orange-yellow Yellow, Orange-red colors and Various flower forms Rose pink Yellow Blue, pink, white, rose red gold Red, yellow, coral, Cream, yellow, orange, red White, cream, yellow, orange, apricot, salmon, red, rose, purple, green lavender, Spread 6”-18” 4’-5’ 1’-2’ 12”-18” 12”-18” 18”-30” 1’ 1’-3’ 20” 18” 1’ 1’ 12” 12” Height 6”-3’ 4’-6’ 1’-2’ 18”-24” 18”-3’ 18”-7’ 1’ 1’-7’ 10” 1’ 1’-3’ 18”-2’ 18” 3’-6’ Family Amaranthaceae Capparidaceae Lamiaceae Agavaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Lythraceae Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae Asteraceae Gentianaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Iridaceae Spike, dracaena Annual tickseed, calliopsis Cosmos Cigar plant, cigar flower Garden dahlia Twinspur daisy, Dahlberg golden fleece Lisianthus Annual gaillardia, blanket flower daisy, Transvaal gerbera daisy Gladiola Common name Cockscomb Cleome, spider flower Coleus ) )

G. ( C. ( ) ) hybrids hybridus hybrids ) x Solenostemon Thymophylla tenuiloba Lisianthus russellianus Latin name Celosia Cleome hasslerana spinosa Coleus ( scutellariodes indivisa Cordyline tinctoria Coreopsis Cosmos sulphureus Cuphea ignea Dahlia Diascia barberae Dyssodia tenuiloba ( Eustoma grandiflorum ( pulchella Gaillardia drummondi Gerbera jamesonii Gladiolus

Little Regular Moderate Regular Regular Regular Water Moderate Regular Moderate Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Sun Sun, part shade Sun Sun, part shade Sun Exposure Exposure Sun, part shade Sun Sun Sun, part shade Sun, part shade Part shade Part shade, shade Sun Sun Purple, white White, pink, violet Blue, lavender, rose, Blue, lavender, peach, purple, yellow, white Blue, violet, white All colors but yellow and blue Grown for chartreuse to purple foliage pink, Blue, lavender, red, white White, pink, rose pink Flower color White, pink, red, purple red, White, yellow, bicolors orange, red, Yellow, pink, white Violet, purple, blue, white rose,pink, White, lilac, red foliage; Variegated flowers white, orange, red, pink, purple, lavender 1’ 9”-18” 1’ 1’ 1’-2’ 3’ 1’ 3’-6’ Spread 12” 1’-2’ 1’ 12”-18” 6”-8” 1’-2’ 1’ 18”-3’ 6” 3’-6’ 18” Height 1’-2’ 2’-10’ 2’-3’ 18”-2’ 8”-30” 1’-2’ 1’-2’ Vine 6’-15’ vine Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Plumbaginaceae Lobeliaceae Malvaceae Family Amaranthaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Boraginaceae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Sweet alyssum Money plant, silver dollar plant Annual statice Lobelia, edging lobelia Annual mallow Common name Gomphrena, globe amaranth Sunflower Strawflower Common heliotrope Garden balsam, rose balsam New Guinea impatiens Busy Lizzie, impatiens Sweet potato vine Morning glory ) I. ) (

L. ( ) New Guinea ) Alyssum maritimum Convolvulus purpureus Lobularia maritima ( Lunaria annua biennis Lobelia erinus Lavatera trimestris Limonium sinuatum Latin name globosa Gomphrena Helianthus annuus Helichrysum bracteatum Heliotropum arborescens Impatiens balsamina Impatiens hybrids Impatiens wallerana walleriana Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea purpurea (

Moderate Regular Regular Regular Regular Moderate Water Regular Little Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Exposure Exposure Part shade, shade Sun Sun, part shade Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun, part shade Red, reddish orange, purple, pink yellow, Pastels except blue and orange White, red, pink, orange, yellow White, cream, yellow, White, cream, yellow, reds, blues, purples, bicolors Flower color Cream, rose, orange, scarlet, brown yellow, White, red, pink, yellow White, pink, red, green Blue to violet White, pink, rose, red, orange, violet White, pink, rose, red, lavender Coppery pink, purple White, pink, lilac, red White, pink, red, purple lavender, White, rose 1’ 18” Various, Various, some trailing 10”-12” Spread 1’ 3’ 1’ 6”-12” 2’ 2’-4’ 3’ 2’-3’ 2’ 1’-3’ 2’-3’ 6”-18” 6” Various, Various, some trailing Height 1’ 3’ 1’-4’ 6”-12” 2’ 18” 3’ 2’-3’ 2’ 1’-3’ Solanaceae Portulacaceae Solanaceae Polemoniaceae Family Scrophulariaceae Nyctaginaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Poaceae Rubiaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Painted tongue Rose moss, moss rose, portulaca, sun plant Petunia Annual phlox, Drummond phlox Common name Monkey flower Four o’clock Flowering tobacco, ornamental tobacco Nierembergia, cupflower Zonal geranium, seed geranium Ivy geranium Purple fountain grass Star clusters, pentas Martha Washington Martha Washington or Regal geranium Scented geranium ) hortorum N. x scented x ( hybridus hybrida x P. ruppelii P. ( ) x Salpiglossis sinuata Phlox drummondii Portulaca grandiflora Pentas lanceolata Petunia Latin name Mimulus Mirabilis jalapa Nicotiana alata Nierembergia hippomanica caerulea Pelargonium domesticum Pelargonium peltatum Pelargonium Pelargonium types Pennisetum setaceum rubrum

10 Water Regular Little Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Regular Regular Regular Regular Moderate Regular Regular Exposure Exposure Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun, part shade Sun Sun, part shade Sun, part shade Sun Sun Sun Flower color White, red, salmon, pink, purple Yellow orange Yellow, White, rose, salmon, purple Mauve gold, Cream, yellow, orange orange, gold, Yellow, maroon orange White, yellow, Gold, orange, yellow White, lavender orange, White, yellow, red, maroon White, pink, red, purple, blue orange White, yellow, White, pink, salmon, rose, red, yellow, orange, lavender, purple Spread 1’-2’ 2’-3’ 18” 1’ 3’ 2’ 6”-18” 3’ 3’ 1’ 18”, some trailing 18”-3’ 16” 1’-2’ Height 1’-3’ 1’-2’ 6” 2’ 6” 2’-3’ 6”-18” Vine 4’ 1’ 18”, some trailing 6”-12” 16” 1’-4’ Family Lamiaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Dipsacaceae Goodeniaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Acanthaceae Asteraceae Scrophulariaceae Tropaeolaceae Verbenaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Common name Scarlet sage, red salvia Lavender cotton Creeping zinnia, trailing sanvitalia Annual pincushion flower Scaevola African marigold, Aztec marigold French marigold Black-eyed Susan vine, clock vine Mexican sunflower, tithonia Wishbone flower, torenia Nasturtium, Indian cress Garden verbena Compact zinnia Common zinnia hybrida x Latin name Salvia splendens Santolina chamaecyparissus Sanvitalia procumbens Scabiosa atropurpurea Scaevola erecta Tagetes patula Tagetes alata Thunbergia rotundifolia Tithonia fournieri Torenia majus Tropaeolum Verbena Zinnia angustifolia Zinnia elegans

11 Regular Moderate Little Regular Water Regular Regular Moderate Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Moderate Sun, part shade Sun Sun Part shade Exposure Sun Sun, part shade Sun Sun, part shade Sun Sun Sun, part shade Sun Sun Sun White, yellow, pink, White, yellow, orange, red lavender, White, pink, roses, crimson, salmon, lilac Flower color Wide range available Green, red, purple Cream, apricot, yellow White, blue Pink, lavender White, pink, blue White, pink, red, rose, purple, bicolor White, pink, red White, pink, red White, yellow, orange White, yellow, orange Sepals white, red, or pink; petals white, purple, pink, red 1’-3’ Varies with Varies plant form 9” Spread 6”-2’ 1’-2’ 12”-18” 1’-2’ 6”-12” 1’ 1’ 1’ 6”-10” 4”-12” 12”-18” 12”-15” 6”-12” Some upright, some trailing Height 6”-3’ 1’-2’ 1’-2’ 1’-2’ 6”-24” 1’-2’ 18” 1’ 6”-24” 4”-12” 8”-24” Verbenaceae Onagraceae Brassicaceae Family Scrophulariaceae Brassicaceae Asteraceae Campanulaceae Onagraceae Boraginaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Asteraceae Papaveraceae Lantana Fuchsia, lady’s eardrops Globe candytuft, annual candytuft Common name Snapdragon Flowering kale, ornamental kale Calendula, pot marigold Canterbury bells Godetia Chinese forget- me-not Sweet William Annual carnation, clove pink China pinks, annual pinks cape daisy, African marigold California poppy C. ( ) hybrida x Lantana Iberis umbellata Latin name Antirrhinum majus Brassica oleraceae Calendula officinalis Campanula medium grandiflora Clarkia amoena Cynoglossum amabile Dianthus barbatus Dianthus caryophyllus Dianthus chinensis Dimorphotheca sinuata Eschscholzia californica Fuchsia Table 2. Annuals for cooler areas, including higher elevations in Wyoming. Table

12 Regular Regular Moderate Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Moderate Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Sun, part shade Sun, part shade Sun, part shade Sun Sun Part shade, shade Part shade Sun Part shade, shade Sun Sun, part shade Sun Part shade Sun Grown for variegated foliage, flowers blue White, blue, red, apricot, rose, yellow, purple White, blue, purple White, yellow, lavender White, cream, pink, red, blue yellow, White, pink, rose, lilac, purple Grown for gray foliage, flowers yellow White, pink, red, blue, purple White, cream, salmon, rose, blue, purple, scarlet White, pink, red, purple, lavender, cream blue, yellow, Green Blue All but green White, pink, purple 9”-12” 2’-3’ to Trailing 4’ Various 1’ 2’-3’ 1’-2’ 18” 3’ 10”-16” 10” 2’ 1’ 1’-2’ 6”-10” Trailing 1’-2’ 6” 4”-20” Various 18” 2’-3’ 1’-2’ 5’ or more 1’-3’ 1’-2’ 6”-12” 18” Apocynaceae Violaceae Scrophulariaceae Primulaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Brassicaceae Lamiaceae Boraginaceae Scrophulariaceae Asteraceae Vinca vine Pansy Bacopa Annual primrose Poor man’s orchid, butterfly flower Dusty miller Cineraria Stokes aster Annual sweet pea Stock, gillyflower Bells-of-Ireland, Irish bells Forget-me-not Nemesia African daisy )

, )

hybridus wittrockiana x x Centaurea maritima Centaurea Dimorphotheca barberae Vinca major Vinca Viola Stokesia laevis Sutera cordata Primula Schizanthus pinnatus Senecio cineraria ( Cineraria maritima Senecio Lathyrus odoratus Matthiola incana Moluccella laevis Myosotis sylvatica Nemesia strumosa Osteospermum barberae (