Revisiting the Constraints to Pakistan's
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Transport and Communications
Chapter 14 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS A well functioning Transport and communication I. TRANSPORT system is a critical pre-requisite for a country’s i. Road Transport development. Investment in the infrastructure directly affects economic growth through many Road transport is the backbone of Pakistan’s changes such as allowing producers to find the transport system, accounting for 90 percent of best markets for their goods, reducing national passenger traffic and 96 percent of freight transportation time and cost and generating movement. Over the past ten years, road traffic – employment opportunity. In addition, efficient both passenger and freight – has grown much transport and communication systems also have faster than the country’s economic growth. The network effects and allow adoption of latest 10,849 km long National Highway and Motorway production techniques such as just-in time network contributes 4.2 percent of the total road manufacturing. network. They carry 90 percent of Pakistan’s total traffic. Infrastructure development has been a priority area for Pakistan as evidenced by a number of Pakistan, with about 156 million people, has a projects completed or in progress. Major reasonably developed transport system. However, infrastructure projects completed during the last when compared with other developed and seven years include: Islamabad-Lahore Motorway developing countries, the road density of Pakistan (M-2), Makran Costal Highway, Nauttal-Sibi is low. This fact is documented in Fig-14.1. A section including Sibi Bypass, Dera Allah Yar- commonly used indicator for development of the Nauttal Section, Khajuri-Bewata Section N-70, road system is road density (total length of road / Kohat Tunnel and Access Roads, Mansehar-Naran total area), which is often used as an index of Section, Karachi Northern Bypass, Qazi Ahmed & prosperity, economic activity and development. -
Here a Causal Relationship? Contemporary Economics, 9(1), 45–60
Bibliography on Corruption and Anticorruption Professor Matthew C. Stephenson Harvard Law School http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/mstephenson/ March 2021 Aaken, A., & Voigt, S. (2011). Do individual disclosure rules for parliamentarians improve government effectiveness? Economics of Governance, 12(4), 301–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-011-0100-8 Aaronson, S. A. (2011a). Does the WTO Help Member States Clean Up? Available at SSRN 1922190. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1922190 Aaronson, S. A. (2011b). Limited partnership: Business, government, civil society, and the public in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Public Administration and Development, 31(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.588 Aaronson, S. A., & Abouharb, M. R. (2014). Corruption, Conflicts of Interest and the WTO. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 183–197). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507 Abbas Drebee, H., & Azam Abdul-Razak, N. (2020). The Impact of Corruption on Agriculture Sector in Iraq: Econometrics Approach. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 553(1), 12019-. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/553/1/012019 Abbink, K., Dasgupta, U., Gangadharan, L., & Jain, T. (2014). Letting the briber go free: An experiment on mitigating harassment bribes. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS, 111(Journal Article), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.12.012 Abbink, Klaus. (2004). Staff rotation as an anti-corruption policy: An experimental study. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), 887–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.10.008 Abbink, Klaus. -
Privatization of PTCL and Its Positive and Negative Impacts on Economy
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 10, October-2018 1473 ISSN 2229-5518 Privatization of PTCL and Its Positive and Negative Impacts on Economy and Society of Pakistan Tariq Naseer Sulehria Department of Telecommunication, Institute of Communication Technologies Islamabad. Abstract In this research work positive& negative impacts of Privatization of PTCL on economy and society of Pakistan are analyzed. Privatization process of PTCL started in early 90 and completed in 2006. Objectives behind the Privatization of PTCL were the improvement in economy of the country with the reduction in loans, stability in GDP and currency and improvement in performance of company with the increase in Profit and revenue of the company. It has found that privatization of PTCL has more negative impacts as compare to positive impacts on economy & society of Pakistan. Analysis shown that set objectives have not achieved, targets were not met, and expectations were not fulfilled with the privatization of PTCL. It was a profit earning company and was contributing a huge amount (billions of profit per year) to national treasury. It had provided an honorable employment to the big number of nationals of country. It was constructing a part of National assets. Such profit earning organizations may not have privatized. If there were some pitfalls, they should be removed rather than throwing away of such profiting & valuable National asset. However such sick units be identified which have gone in loss, have lost their integrity and no chances of their improvement/revival. These units be privatized with certain SOPs & transparency. Keywords. IJSER PTCL, Privatization, Positive & Negative impacts, Impacts on loans, GDP and currency, Performance of company, economy of country Introduction Policy was finalized in 2000. -
Economic Growth, Exports and Imports in Pakistan: Granger Causality Analysis
ECONOMIC GROWTH, EXPORTS AND IMPORTS IN PAKISTAN: GRANGER CAUSALITY ANALYSIS Majeed A. Hussain, American University in the Emirates, UAE-Dubai Pakistan’s economy has been in a turbulent phase during the last two decades. Prior to 9/11, the Pakistani economy was in its worst condition ever. The country was going to default on its debt and was about to be declared a pariah state. The significant economic gains the country has achieved since 2002, which the government takes credit for, were a result of the impact of international post 9/11 developments. During Musharraf’s era, the economic situation only appeared to be improving, because of favorable terms granted to Pakistan in the light of 9/11. These consisted of export incentives, such as greater market access to the EU, debt rescheduling, and one-time incentives, such as US grants and Saudi investments. This paper is to examine the Granger Causality between economic growth (GDP), exports and imports in Pakistan over the period 1976-2011. Granger causality and co-integration tests were employed in the empirical analysis, using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillip Perron (PP) tests. The variables proved to be integrated of the order I (1) at first difference. The Johansen and Juselius Cointegration test was used to determine the presence or otherwise of a cointegration vector in the variables. Both Trace and Max-Eigen values indicated no cointegration at 5% level of significance, indicating that the variables do not have a long-run relationship. To determine the causality between the variables at least in the short run, the Granger causality test was carried out. -
Executive Summary PES 01-06-2020
OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMY Global Economic Review The world changed dramatically during the fiscal year FY2020; an attempt to amend Hong Kong’s extradition law triggered the worst crisis in the Asia’s biggest financial center since its handover to China in 1997. In August 2019, Indian government abolished decades-old laws that gave autonomy to the Indian-held Kashmir, leading to a suspension of trade between the two rival nuclear states: India and Pakistan. United Kingdom’s exit from EU, which was mutually agreed, changed EU forever, also deepening the Euro crisis . Trade war between the US and China, which started in July 2018 , rumbled on in FY2020 and oil prices crashed drastically on the back of increased supplies and lowering demands due to the global economic slowdown. While the world players were trying to balance of above disruptions, a novel virus, (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China, and WHO on March 11 declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Since then, the virus has engulfed the entire world, disrupting the supply chains and paralyzing the continents. The pandemic is not only inflicting unprecedented damage to human lives but it has also taken a heavy toll on global economic activity. In particular, various necessary measures to control the spread has brought much of the global economic activity to a halt. Consequently, countries are now facing multiple crises—a health crisis, a financial crisis, and a collapse in commodity prices. On one hand, the pandemic has put the whole world in a Lockdown and changed the dynamics of ongoing and future economic activities, while on the other, the pandemic wiped out any mentionable economic performance of any economy. -
Does Corruption Impede Economic Growth in Pakistan?
Economic Modelling 35 (2013) 622–633 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Economic Modelling journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecmod Does corruption impede economic growth in Pakistan? Abdul Farooq a,b,⁎, Muhammad Shahbaz a,b, Mohamed Arouri c, Frédéric Teulon d a Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan b School of Social Sciences National College of Business Administration & Economics, 40/E-1, Gulberg III, Lahore 54660, Pakistan c EDHEC Business School, France d IPAG Business School, IPAG — Lab, France article info abstract Article history: The present study reinvestigates the impact of corruption on economic growth by incorporating financial Accepted 16 August 2013 development and trade openness in growth model in case of Pakistan. We have used time series data over the period of 1987–2009. We have applied structural break unit root test to test the integrating order of Keywords: the variables. The structural break cointegration has also been applied to examine the long run relation- Corruption ship between the variables. Growth The long run relationship between the variables is validated in case of Pakistan. We find that corruption Pakistan impedes economic growth. Financial development adds in economic growth. Trade openness stimulates economic growth. The causality analysis has exposed the feedback effect between corruption and eco- nomic growth and same inference is drawn for trade openness and corruption. Trade openness and eco- nomic growth are interdependent. Financial development Granger causes economic growth implying supply-side hypothesis in case of Pakistan. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction obstacle to economic and social development. -
INCLUSIVE WEALTH of PAKISTAN: the Case for Investing in Natural Capital and Restoration Report Director: Pushpam Kumar, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi
INCLUSIVE WEALTH OF PAKISTAN: The Case for Investing in Natural Capital and Restoration Report Director: Pushpam Kumar, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi Authors: Shunsuke Managi, Urban Institute at Kyushu University Moinul Islam, Urban Institute at Kyushu University Bingqi Zhang, Urban Institute at Kyushu University Amelia Holmes, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi Muhammad Khurshid, former DG, South Asia Cooperative Environment Programme Reviewers: Jamil Ahmad, United Nations Environment Programme, New York Barney Dickson, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi Andrea Hinwood, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi Paulo Augusto Lourenço Dias Nunes, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome Susan Mutebi-Richards, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi Unai Pascual, Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3) , Spain Doreen Robinson, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi Ashbindu Singh, Environmental Pulse Institute, Washington, D.C. Francesco Tubiello, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome Data collection and support by Aysha Rabia, B.S. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Northampton, UK. Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Design: Viola Kup, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi © 2021 United Nations Environment Programme Inclusive Wealth of Pakistan: The Case for Investing in Natural Capital and Restoration ISBN No: 978-92-807-3866-7 Job No: DEP/2364/NA This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. -
Fighting Governmental Corruption in Pakistan: an Evaluation of Anti-Corruption Strategies
Fighting Governmental Corruption in Pakistan: An Evaluation of Anti-Corruption Strategies Noor Ulain* 1 Fiaz Hussain**2 https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.20.3.2 UDK 343.352(549.1) 328.185:343.85(549.1) Preliminary scientific report / prethodno znanstveno priopćenje Received / primljeno: 4. 11. 2019. Accepted / prihvaćeno: 12. 6. 2020. Anti-corruption efforts are required where corruption pre- vails and Pakistan is a developing country that is facing the menace of corruption to a considerable degree. According to Transparency International’s Corruption Perception In- dex (CPI) for 2019, Pakistan is ranked as 120th out of 180 countries. With this in view, this study aims to ascertain the opinion of policy professionals working at various policy in- stitutes in Pakistan regarding the effectiveness of 26 different anti-corruption strategies by means of a self-administered Noor Ulain, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan (Sveučilište nacio- nalne obrane,∗ Islamabad, Pakistan, e-mail: [email protected]). ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-458X Fiaz Hussain, Assistant Professor, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan∗∗ (docentica, Žensko sveučilište Fatima Jinnah, Rawalpindi, Pakistan e-mail: fiazhus- [email protected]). ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-477X. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND COMPARATIVE CROATIAN Ulain, N. & Hussain, F. (2020). Fighting Governmental Corruption in Pakistan: An Evaluation... HKJU-CCPA, 20(3), 439–468 440 questionnaire. The results show slight differences between the mean scores for anti-corruption strategies, depicting a certain level of effectiveness for each strategy. Harsher pun- ishments for corrupt persons and legal protection for whis- tleblowers informing about persons involved in corruption are the strategies that had the highest mean scores of 4.07 and 4.04 respectively. -
Corruption and Police Legitimacy in Lahore, Pakistan
Jonathan Jackson, Muhammad Asif, Ben Bradford and Muhammad Zakria Zakar Corruption and police legitimacy in Lahore, Pakistan Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Jackson, Jonathan, Asif, Muhammad, Bradford, Ben and Zakar, Muhammad Zakria (2014) Corruption and police legitimacy in Lahore, Pakistan. British Journal of Criminology, ISSN 0007- 0955 (In Press) © 2014 Oxford University Press This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/58642/ Available in LSE Research Online: August 2014 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Title: Corruption and Police Legitimacy in Lahore, Pakistan Jonathan Jackson*, Department of Methodology and Mannheim Centre for Criminology, London School of Economics & Political Science, UK Muhammad Asif, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Ben Bradford, Centre for Criminology, University of Oxford, UK Muhammad Zakria Zakar, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan In press at British Journal of Criminology Running Head: Police Corruption in Pakistan *Dr Jonathan Jackson, Department of Methodology and Mannheim Centre for Criminology, London School of Economics & Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom. -
A Study on “Ruling Authorities of Pakistan Versus Some Foreign Authorities Regarding Corruption”
Indonesian Journal of Creative Counseling Volume 1 Number 2 (2021) pp. 72-80 ISSN Online: 2775-9199 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47679/ijcc.v1i2.133 A Study on “Ruling Authorities of Pakistan versus Some Foreign Authorities Regarding Corruption” M.Tariq Mahmood1, Abdul Quddus Suhaib1 1Department of Islamic Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This article is written on the real issue of the society which is prevailing mostly in the developing countries. In this article the role of authorities of these developing countries is compared with the role of some foreign countries authorities. In this article, solution of corruption is presented with the practical example of foreign authorities by which they controlled this problem in their country. But, in the case of Pakistan, this situation is quite different because its authorities are also indulged .Being an Islamic state; the corruption is increasing day by day which is also a question mark for our ruling authorities as well as for the followers of Islam. In short, this article presents a saga of increasing corruption in Pakistan. Keywords: Ruling Authority; the poor; the rich; Corruption; foreign; Dominant culture How to Cite: Mahmood, M.T. & Suhaib, A.Q. (2021). A Study on “Ruling Authorities of Pakistan versus Some Foreign Authorities Regarding Corruption”. Indonesian Journal of Creative Counseling, 1(2), 72-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47679/ijcc.v1i2.133 Received : 5-7-2021. Published : 19-8-2021 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Website: https://ukinstitute.org/journals/ijcc INTRODUC TION Now-a-days every developing country is indulged in the problem of corruption. -
Mapping Exercise of Corruption and Governance Measurement Tools in Asia and Caucasus Countries
Corruption and Governance Measurement Tools in Asia and Caucasus countries – February, 2005 Mapping exercise of Corruption and Governance Measurement Tools In Asia and Caucasus countries Policy and Research Department1 Transparency International Secretariat Table of contents: Part I: Background and methodology p.1 Part II: Mapping the tools (listed by type) p.2 A. Single Country Tools A.1 Opinion Surveys on Perceptions and Experiences of Corruption p.2 A.2 Public Sector Diagnostics p.19 A.3 Sectoral Surveys p.23 A.4 Press Monitoring p.26 B. Multi Country Tools p.28 B.1 Opinion Surveys p.28 B.2 Public Sector Diagnostic p.31 B.3 Private Sector Environment Surveys p.32 B.4 Democracy and Governance Cross Country Indicators p.36 Summary p.40 Appendix (attached): Matrix of the tools (listed per country) Part I: Background and methodology The purpose of the study Following on from the report on Local Corruption Diagnostics and Measurement Tools in Africa, carried out by Transparency International for the U4 in February 2004, DFID has requested that TI identify and present the international, national and local tools that measure corruption and related phenomenon in Asia and the Caucasus. DFID has expressed interest in the following key focus countries for this exercise: Armenia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Moldova, Nepal, China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand and Vietnam. For Pakistan and India, special attention will be given to the tools assessing the provinces of Punjab, Orissa and West Bengal. Methodology of the study (including coverage and contents)2 The mapping covers a range of tools in 16 countries from the Asia and Caucasus region. -
Contextualising Corruption in Pakistan
A-PDF Split DEMO : Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermark Social Science and Policy Bulletin, Volume 2, No. 1 Contextualising Corruption in Pakistan* By Asad Sayeed society persists amongst Pakistanis as well as outsiders even after 62 years of the country's existence. The obvious question is why in spite of so much concern for so long, has Pakistan failed to effectively reduce corruption? Is it because of lack of effective anti- corruption strategies? If that is so, then it must be ascertained why international or regional best practice cannot be adopted. After all, in some areas, most notably those related to weaponization and warfare, international best practice has been adopted. Or are we to understand iscourse on corruption has lately consumed urban D that corruption is not the cause but the symptom of Pakistanis more than perhaps any other national issue socio-political tensions that Pakistan as a nation-state in the recent past. In fact there is a discernible pattern has been unable to resolve over the years? over the years where concerns about corruption dominate discourse for some time and then other issues One can only attempt to answer the above questions seamlessly take over public imagination. Meanwhile once we discern the nature of corruption prevalent in corrupt practices continue in one form or the other, Pakistan along with the form and substance of anti- only to raise their head again. corruption strategies adopted to combat the problem. Therefore, this article first lays out the contours of It is useful to note that corruption was mentioned as corruption in Pakistan by classifying it into three broad one of the ailments afflicting territories constituting categories for analysis and then provides a brief history Pakistan by the founder of the country, Mohammad Ali of existing anti-corruption laws and strategies in the Jinnah, in his first address to the Constituent Assembly country.