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The History of the Internet Began with the Development of Electronic Computers in the 1950S

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The History of the Internet Began with the Development of Electronic Computers in the 1950S The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. The public was first introduced to the concepts that would lead to the Internet when a message was sent over the ARPANet from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), after the second piece of network equipment was installed at Stanford Research Institute (SRI). Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks. In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was standardized, and consequently, the concept of a world-wide network of interconnected TCP/IP networks, called the Internet, was introduced. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) developed the Computer Science Network (CSNET) and again in 1986 when NSFNET provided access to supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. The Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic. Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. The research and education community continues to develop and use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS), Internet2, and National LambdaRail. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10- Gbit/s, or more. The Internet's takeover over the global communication landscape was almost instant in historical terms: it only communicated 1% of the information flowing through two-way telecommunications networks in the year 1993, already 51% by 2000, and more than 97% of the telecommunicated information by 2007.[1] Today the Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information, commerce, entertainment, and social networking Sejarah Internet dimulai dengan pengembangan komputer elektronik di tahun 1950-an. Masyarakat pertama kali diperkenalkan dengan konsep-konsep yang akan mengarah ke Internet ketika sebuah pesan dikirim melalui ARPANet dari laboratorium ilmu komputer Profesor Leonard Kleinrock di University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), setelah bagian kedua dari peralatan jaringan yang dipasang di Stanford Research Institute (SRI). Packet switched jaringan seperti ARPANET, Mark I di NPL di Inggris, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, dan Telenet, yang dikembangkan pada 1960-an dan awal 1970-an menggunakan berbagai protokol. ARPANET khususnya menyebabkan pengembangan protokol untuk internetworking, di mana beberapa jaringan yang terpisah bisa bergabung bersama dalam jaringan dari jaringan. Pada tahun 1982, Internet protocol suite (TCP / IP) adalah standar, dan akibatnya, konsep jaringan seluruh dunia dari saling berhubungan TCP / IP jaringan, yang disebut Internet, diperkenalkan. Akses ke ARPANET diperluas pada tahun 1981 ketika National Science Foundation (NSF) mengembangkan Ilmu Komputer Jaringan (CSNET) dan lagi pada tahun 1986 ketika NSFNET menyediakan akses ke situs superkomputer di Amerika Serikat dari organisasi penelitian dan pendidikan. Penyedia layanan Internet komersial (ISP) mulai muncul pada 1980-an dan awal 1990-an. ARPANET dinonaktifkan pada tahun 1990. Internet itu dikomersialkan pada 1995 ketika NSFNET telah dinonaktifkan, menghilangkan pembatasan terakhir pada penggunaan Internet untuk membawa lalu lintas komersial. Sejak pertengahan 1990-an, Internet telah membawa dampak revolusioner pada budaya dan perdagangan, termasuk bangkitnya dekat-instan komunikasi melalui surat elektronik, pesan instan, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "panggilan telepon", video dua-arah interaktif panggilan, dan World Wide Web dengan forum diskusi nya, blog, jejaring sosial, dan situs belanja online. Komunitas riset dan pendidikan terus mengembangkan dan menggunakan jaringan canggih seperti Jaringan Backbone sangat tinggi NSF kecepatan Layanan (vBNS), Internet2, dan National LambdaRail. Peningkatan jumlah data yang ditransmisikan pada kecepatan yang lebih tinggi dan lebih tinggi melalui jaringan fiber optic beroperasi pada 1-Gbit / s, 10-Gbit / s, atau lebih. Pengambilalihan Internet atas lanskap komunikasi global hampir instan dalam sejarah: hanya dikomunikasikan 1% dari informasi yang mengalir melalui dua arah jaringan telekomunikasi di tahun 1993, sudah 51% pada tahun 2000, dan lebih dari 97% dari informasi telecommunicated pada tahun 2007 [1]. Saat ini internet terus berkembang, didorong oleh jumlah semakin besar informasi online, perdagangan, hiburan, dan jaringan sosial .
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