A Nation Goes Online a Nation Goes Online Table of Contents
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Esnet: Advanced NETWORKING for SCIENCE
ENERGY SCIENCES NETWORK ESnet: Advanced NETWORKING for SCIENCE Researchers around the world using advanced computing for scientific discovery are connected via the DOE-operated Energy Sciences Network (ESnet). By providing a reliable, high-performance communications infrastructure, ESnet facilitates the large-scale, collaborative science endeavors fundamental to Office of Science missions. Energy Sciences Network tive science. These include: sharing of massive In many ways, the dramatic achievements of 21st amounts of data, supporting thousands of collab- century scientific discovery—often involving orators worldwide, distributed data processing enormous data handling and remote collabora- and data management, distributed simulation, tion requirements—have been made possible by visualization, and computational steering, and accompanying accomplishments in high-per- collaboration with the U.S. and international formance networking. As increasingly advanced research and education (R&E) communities. supercomputers and experimental research facil- To ensure that ESnet continues to meet the ities have provided researchers with powerful requirements of the major science disciplines a tools with unprecedented capabilities, advance- new approach and a new architecture are being ments in networks connecting scientists to these developed. This new architecture includes ele- tools have made these research facilities available ments supporting multiple, high-speed national to broader communities and helped build greater backbones with different characteristics—redun- collaboration within these communities. The dancy, quality of service, and circuit oriented DOE Office of Science (SC) operates the Energy services—all the while allowing interoperation of Sciences Network (ESnet). Established in 1985, these elements with the other major national and ESnet currently connects tens of thousands of international networks supporting science. -
THE INGHAM COUNTY NE.WS Section 2 and Diu Ll, I Gue11h 'Lhnl'u Tl Good Hally Is 'Mnlhi!L''• Lltllll Hpitl· Wny Lo Do If You Lceep Pu Ttlng CJ',' Something Orr, Mr
' I INGHAM COUNTY Ninety-second No, 42 THE Year~ MASON, MICHIGAN. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1951 3 Sections - 20 Pagc11 Hunters Shoot FIREWORKS AND SWORD-PLAY, TOO /~ Charity Dri~e Rice Oparates a Squash Ranch Halloween Program ~Q Council Names More Birds as Leaders· Start Is Growing Bigger ··-~-· I Ralph Hall as Pressure Eases Mn~on f{lwllnlnn~ rtl'e piilllnJl "'1'11" r1rrh J'iH'> WPifl slrlllorl 19 11onwwhr••r. nrounrl !11400 into the yenrs ngn I o MIJlplnnt the dnngrl On Canvassing Monday Opening Reduces pol In Hlflfl'e 1he enmtnlllllty'~ hlg g-rHI Hnllowccn pur•! y. llUH nnrl <'OII~Iy horscplny whlclt Prcssm·e on Pheasrmts, then wrrs lhl' Halloween c11stom Chief of Police AI n meeting 'I~IC~r!ny nl~rht Red Fenthe1· Campaign Hags Show Big I ncreasc thry s.11rl that the rutnunl party B11smcss mrn nnd Yotlnl:"stcl s Is Opened Out-County G1·oup Insurance Proglfllll flnH' hPCil showing- KlgnA of pctci have r•cnchcrl an implleri agree Tu Haisc Local Quotas Fcwcr huntc1s, mole buds rng- rml, Tlw flrrll:"rnrn outhnorl Jnr ment lhnt Halloween fun wlll be May Be Offered Employeoa and Ideal weather marked the this yr1n Hlinulrl 1 cvivc it In n big' cnntlnt•d to Athletic field uml lh,ll Instead of Sick Leaves wny, ·they dcclr11 cd the! o will he no sonpmg ol wln fi1 st three days of the bird sea· The pn 1ty will he IJCid the nlll'ht clows or trlrolt nncl lrel\t Rllll! son, Consc1 vat1on Officer of Wcdnnlldny, Octobc1 3t, nt Waltc1 Mutchler 1cportcd. -
1117 M. Stahl Obsoletes Rfcs: 1062, 1020, 997, 990, 960, 943, M
Network Working Group S. Romano Request for Comments: 1117 M. Stahl Obsoletes RFCs: 1062, 1020, 997, 990, 960, 943, M. Recker 923, 900, 870, 820, 790, 776, 770, 762, SRI-NIC 758, 755, 750, 739, 604, 503, 433, 349 August 1989 Obsoletes IENs: 127, 117, 93 INTERNET NUMBERS Status of this Memo This memo is an official status report on the network numbers and the autonomous system numbers used in the Internet community. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Introduction This Network Working Group Request for Comments documents the currently assigned network numbers and gateway autonomous systems. This RFC will be updated periodically, and in any case current information can be obtained from Hostmaster at the DDN Network Information Center (NIC). Hostmaster DDN Network Information Center SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, California 94025 Phone: 1-800-235-3155 Network mail: [email protected] Most of the protocols used in the Internet are documented in the RFC series of notes. Some of the items listed are undocumented. Further information on protocols can be found in the memo "Official Internet Protocols" [40]. The more prominent and more generally used are documented in the "DDN Protocol Handbook" [17] prepared by the NIC. Other collections of older or obsolete protocols are contained in the "Internet Protocol Transition Workbook" [18], or in the "ARPANET Protocol Transition Handbook" [19]. For further information on ordering the complete 1985 DDN Protocol Handbook, contact the Hostmaster. Also, the Internet Activities Board (IAB) publishes the "IAB Official Protocol Standards" [52], which describes the state of standardization of protocols used in the Internet. -
The Early Years of Academic Computing: L a Memoir by Douglas S
03 G A The Early Years of Academic Computing: L A Memoir by Douglas S. Gale E This is from a collection of reflections/memoirs concerning the early years of academic comput- ing, emphasizing the period when Cornell developed its own decentralized computing environ- ments and networking became a national strategic goal. ©2016 Henrietta Gale Initial Release: April 2016 (Increment 01) Second Release: April 2017 (Increments 02-04) Published by The Internet-First University Press Copy editor and proofreader: Dianne Ferriss The entire incremental book is openly available at http://hdl.handle.net/1813/36810 Books and Articles Collection – http://ecommons.library.cornell.edu/handle/1813/63 The Internet-First University Press – http://ecommons.library.cornell.edu/handle/1813/62 C. Memoir by Douglas S. Gale Preface and Introduction Bill Arms and Ken King have chronicled much of the early history of academic computing. Accordingly, I have tried to focus my contribution to The Early Years of Academic Computing on topics less covered by King and Arms. My contribution is organized into four chronological periods, roughly spanning the last 50 years of the 20th century, and each has an organizational theme: career transitions, the microcomputer revolution, the networking revolution, and the changing role of academic computing and networking. The theme of the first period -- career transitions -- will consider where the early practitioners of academic computing came from. Computer Science was first recognized as an academic discipline in 1962, and the early years of academic computing were led by people who had received their academic training in other disciplines. Many, if not most, came from the community of computer users and early adopters. -
Current Affairs 2013- January International
Current Affairs 2013- January International The Fourth Meeting of ASEAN and India Tourism Minister was held in Vientiane, Lao PDR on 21 January, in conjunction with the ASEAN Tourism Forum 2013. The Meeting was jointly co-chaired by Union Tourism Minister K.Chiranjeevi and Prof. Dr. Bosengkham Vongdara, Minister of Information, Culture and Tourism, Lao PDR. Both the Ministers signed the Protocol to amend the Memorandum of Understanding between ASEAN and India on Strengthening Tourism Cooperation, which would further strengthen the tourism collaboration between ASEAN and Indian national tourism organisations. The main objective of this Protocol is to amend the MoU to protect and safeguard the rights and interests of the parties with respect to national security, national and public interest or public order, protection of intellectual property rights, confidentiality and secrecy of documents, information and data. Both the Ministers welcomed the adoption of the Vision Statement of the ASEAN-India Commemorative Summit held on 20 December 2012 in New Delhi, India, particularly on enhancing the ASEAN Connectivity through supporting the implementation of the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity. The Ministers also supported the close collaboration of ASEAN and India to enhance air, sea and land connectivity within ASEAN and between ASEAN and India through ASEAN-India connectivity project. In further promoting tourism exchange between ASEAN and India, the Ministers agreed to launch the ASEAN-India tourism website (www.indiaasean.org) as a platform to jointly promote tourism destinations, sharing basic information about ASEAN Member States and India and a visitor guide. The Russian Navy on 20 January, has begun its biggest war games in the high seas in decades that will include manoeuvres off the shores of Syria. -
Annual Report
2015 Annual Report ANNUAL 2015 REPORT CONTENTS i Letter from the President 4 ii NYSERNet Names New President 6 iii NYSERNet Members Institutions 8 iv Membership Update 9 v Data Center 10 vi VMWare Quilt Project 11 vii Working Groups 12 viii Education Services 13 ix iGlass 14 x Network 16 xi Internet Services 17 xii Board Members 18 xiii Our Staff 19 xiv Human Face of Research 20 LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT Dear Colleagues, I am pleased to present to you NYSERNet’s 2015 Annual Report. Through more than three decades, NYSERNet’s members have addressed the education and research community’s networking and other technology needs together, with trust in each other guiding us through every transition. This spring inaugurates more change, as City. The terrible attack of Sept. 11, 2001, we welcome a new president and I will step complicated achievement of that goal, made down from that position to focus on the it more essential, and taught a sobering research community’s work and needs. lesson concerning the importance of communication and the need to harden the By itself, working with NYSERNet’s infrastructure that supports it. We invested extraordinary Board and staff to support in a wounded New York City, deploying fiber and building what today has become a global exchange point at “ These two ventures formed pieces 32 Avenue of the Americas. In the process, we forged partnerships in a puzzle that, when assembled, that have proved deep and durable. benefited all of New York and beyond.” Despite inherent risks, and a perception that New York City the collective missions of our members institutions might principally benefit, for the past 18 years has been a privilege NYSERNet’s Board unanimously supported beyond my imagining. -
Remarks on the Anniversary of the Merit Computer Network
Remarks on the Anniversary of the Merit Computer Network James J. Duderstadt President Emeritus and University Professor of Science and Engineering Ann Arbor November 16, 2006 2 Introduction Happy 40th Anniversary!!! • It is an honor to be able to participate in this celebration and well-deserved recognition of the extraordinary impact Merit has had on our state, the nation, and, indeed, the world. • • It is also great to see so many of those responsible for its achievements present…and still ticking! • • Actually, I arrived at Michigan about the same time that Merit was launched, and my career has been not only heavily influenced by at times interwoven with Merit’s. • • Hence, I thought it might be appropriate to take a quick nostalgia trip through these years, commenting on various aspects of Merit’s history from a personal perspective as a user, occasional defender, and strong admirer of the Merit Network. • • Before dredging up what my failing memory has to offer, let me stay in the present mode for just a moment to mention an experience I had just last week. Salzburg Seminar • Just arrived back from Salzburg, where I led a week long session of 45 higher education leaders from 25 nations and all five continents on a discussion of the changing needs and nature of higher education in the face of o rapidly changing demographics o globalization o and the knowledge economy • Whether in developed nations in Europe, Asia, or North America or in developing nations elsewhere, there is a growing recognition of two imperatives o “massification” of teriary education o lifelong learning 3 • And everywhere there is also a recognition that the scaffolding for this effort will be provided by cyberinfrastructure–or as the rest of the world calls it, ICT–information and communications technology. -
CANHEIT 2011 DI Presentation
11-12-10 The New National Dream: A Vision for Digital Infrastructure in Canada Jonathan Schaeffer Rick Bunt University of Alberta University of Saskatchewan State of DI in Canada Today • DI is fundamental to contemporary research in almost all fields • No longer solely the sciences and engineering, but rapidly expanding into humanities and social sciences • DI is increasingly complex (and very expensive) • No university can provide everything their researchers need to be successful 1 11-12-10 State of DI in Canada Today • Our national organizations (CANARIE, Compute Canada) do good jobs on their respective pieces • Problems: • Policy gap, fragmented approaches, overlapping jurisdictions, multiple voices, inconsistent funding, focus is on equipment rather than people, … What’s Missing • A national vision for DI • A coordinated approach • A single locus of responsibility • Public policy • Funding to sustain success 2 11-12-10 Compute Canada National organization for high performance computing WestGrid (British Columbia, CLUMEQ (Quebec) Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba) RQCHP (Quebec) SHARCNET (Ontario) ACEnet (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward SciNet (Ontario) Island, Newfoundland and Labrador) HPCVL (Ontario) Compute Canada: Today CFI funding in 2002 was for half of the consortia Money has run out and the facilities are dated CFI funding in 2006 (National Platforms Fund) was for the other half All the money will be spent by the end of 2011 No new CFI NPF program on the horizon 3 11-12-10 Compute Canada: Plans September: -
The HOPI Project
The HOPI Project Rick Summerhill Associate Director, Backbone Network Infrastructure, Internet2 JET Roadmap Workshop Jefferson Lab Newport News, VA April 13, 2004 Outline Resources • Abilene • NLR • Experimental MAN LAN Facility • RONs The HOPI Project – Hybrid Optical and Packet Infrastructure • Architectures based on availability of optical infrastructure –Based on dark fiber acquisitions at the national, regional, local level 4/16/2004 2 Abilene Particulars Performance • 6.2 gpbs single flows across Abilene • Consistent 9.5 gbps traffic patterns during SC2003 from Phoenix • The performance is good, but we need to look to the future Agreement with Qwest ends in 2.5 years • How should we go forward? 4/16/2004 3 NLR Summary Largest higher-ed owned/managed optical networking & research facility in the world • ~10,000 route-miles of dark fiber • Four 10-Gbps λ’s provisioned at outset – One allocated to Internet2 – One an experimental IP network – One a national scale Ethernet – One a spare and quick start An experimental platform for research • Research committee integral in NLR governance • Advance reservation of λ capacity for research • Experimental support center 4/16/2004 4 NLR footprint and physical layer topology – Phase 1 SEA 4 1/0 POR BOI 4 4/0 /03 OGD CHI 11 4 /04 CLE 3/0 SVL 7 DEN 4 PIT 8/0 4 WDC 2/0 KAN RAL LAX 4 6/0 ATL 4 SAN 8/0 15808 Terminal JAC 15808 OADM 15808 Regen Fiber route Leased waves Note: California (SAN-LAX-SVL) routes shown are part of CalREN; NLR is adding waves to CalREN systems. -
Illuminating Diverse Research
An nren case study by illuminating diverse research It’s not easy to read when it’s dim; you need a bright light to see properly. The same is true for scanning the details of microscopic objects – the brighter the light the better, and the Canadian Light Source (CLS) in Saskatoon is one of the brightest light sources around. As a national research facility, CLS produces intense beams of X-ray, ultraviolet, and infrared light for research in a highly diverse set of fields: biomedicine, palaeontology, chemistry, anthropology, material science, biology, quantum research, and agriculture, to name a few. The light from CLS is one million times brighter than the sun and enables many scientific experiments to be run simultaneously. But capturing the giant amounts data created by these experiments has always been a challenge. Hard drive history Diverse discoveries Many CLS experiments create huge multi-dimension The exploration and big data science of CLS is being data sets of samples under study by capturing high- used to watch precisely how batteries chemically react, resolution views of an object at high speed. For example, helping improve their performance as well as reduce 3D imaging. This, as well as many other CLS datasets their failure rate. It’s examining the body’s reaction to – were too large to be effectively transferred over a cystic fibrosis in ways that are simply not possible with network. The precious experimental data would be placed a standard X-ray clinic. It’s helping probe the boundaries on hard drives and shipped back to the researcher’s home institution or tucked in someone’s carry-on luggage. -
The Internet ! Based on Slides Originally Published by Thomas J
15-292 History of Computing The Internet ! Based on slides originally published by Thomas J. Cortina in 2004 for a course at Stony Brook University. Revised in 2013 by Thomas J. Cortina for a computing history course at Carnegie Mellon University. A Vision of Connecting the World – the Memex l Proposed by Vannevar Bush l first published in the essay "As We May Think" in Atlantic Monthly in 1945 and subsequently in Life Magazine. l "a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility" l also indicated the idea that would become hypertext l Bush’s work was influential on all Internet pioneers The Memex The Impetus to Act l 1957 - U.S.S.R. launches Sputnik I into space l 1958 - U.S. Department of Defense responds by creating ARPA l Advanced Research Projects Agency l “mission is to maintain the technological superiority of the U.S. military” l “sponsoring revolutionary, high-payoff research that bridges the gap between fundamental discoveries and their military use.” l Name changed to DARPA (Defense) in 1972 ARPANET l The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the world's first operational packet switching network. l Project launched in 1968. l Required development of IMPs (Interface Message Processors) by Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) l IMPs would connect to each other over leased digital lines l IMPs would act as the interface to each individual host machine l Used packet switching concepts published by Leonard Kleinrock, most famous for his subsequent books on queuing theory Early work Baran (L) and Davies (R) l Paul Baran began working at the RAND corporation on secure communications technologies in 1959 l goal to enable a military communications network to withstand a nuclear attack. -
Features of the Internet History the Norwegian Contribution to the Development PAAL SPILLING and YNGVAR LUNDH
Features of the Internet history The Norwegian contribution to the development PAAL SPILLING AND YNGVAR LUNDH This article provides a short historical and personal view on the development of packet-switching, computer communications and Internet technology, from its inception around 1969 until the full- fledged Internet became operational in 1983. In the early 1990s, the internet backbone at that time, the National Science Foundation network – NSFNET, was opened up for commercial purposes. At that time there were already several operators providing commercial services outside the internet. This presentation is based on the authors’ participation during parts of the development and on literature Paal Spilling is studies. This provides a setting in which the Norwegian participation and contribution may be better professor at the understood. Department of informatics, Univ. of Oslo and University 1 Introduction Defense (DOD). It is uncertain when DoD really Graduate Center The concept of computer networking started in the standardized on the entire protocol suite built around at Kjeller early 1960s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- TCP/IP, since for several years they also followed the ogy (MIT) with the vision of an “On-line community ISO standards track. of people”. Computers should facilitate communica- tions between people and be a support for human The development of the Internet, as we know it today, decision processes. In 1961 an MIT PhD thesis by went through three phases. The first one was the Leonard Kleinrock introduced some of the earliest research and development phase, sponsored and theoretical results on queuing networks. Around the supervised by ARPA. Research groups that actively same time a series of Rand Corporation papers, contributed to the development process and many mainly authored by Paul Baran, sketched a hypotheti- who explored its potential for resource sharing were cal system for communication while under attack that permitted to connect to and use the network.