Android Operating System Documentation
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Mara Phones New Deck
Introduction Private and Confidential Disclaimer The material in this presentation has been prepared by Mara Corporation Limited and contains general background information about the Company’s current activities as at the date of this presentation. This information is given in summary form and does not purport to be complete. The document is being made available for information purposes only. No reliance may be placed for any purpose whatsoever on the completeness, accuracy or fairness of the information contained in this document. No representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is given by or on behalf of the Company or any of its affiliates or any of their respective directors, officers or employees or any other person as to the accuracy or completeness of the information or opinions contained in this document and, save in the case of fraud, no liability whatsoever is accepted by the Company or any of its affiliates or their respective directors, officers or employees or any other person for any loss howsoever arising, directly or indirectly, from any use of such information or opinions or otherwise arising in connection therewith. This document (and its contents) are confidential and is being made available on the basis that the recipients keep confidential any information contained herein or otherwise made available, whether orally or in writing, in connection with the Company. Such information may not be reproduced, disclosed, redistributed or passed on, directly or indirectly, to any other person (unless he or she is affiliated with or is a paid advisor to the recipient and has agreed to comply with these restrictions on redistribution) or published, in whole or in part, for any purpose without the prior written consent of Mara. -
Android (Operating System) 1 Android (Operating System)
Android (operating system) 1 Android (operating system) Android Home screen displayed by Samsung Nexus S with Google running Android 2.3 "Gingerbread" Company / developer Google Inc., Open Handset Alliance [1] Programmed in C (core), C++ (some third-party libraries), Java (UI) Working state Current [2] Source model Free and open source software (3.0 is currently in closed development) Initial release 21 October 2008 Latest stable release Tablets: [3] 3.0.1 (Honeycomb) Phones: [3] 2.3.3 (Gingerbread) / 24 February 2011 [4] Supported platforms ARM, MIPS, Power, x86 Kernel type Monolithic, modified Linux kernel Default user interface Graphical [5] License Apache 2.0, Linux kernel patches are under GPL v2 Official website [www.android.com www.android.com] Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications.[6] [7] Google Inc. purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc., in 2005.[8] Android's mobile operating system is based on a modified version of the Linux kernel. Google and other members of the Open Handset Alliance collaborated on Android's development and release.[9] [10] The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android.[11] The Android operating system is the world's best-selling Smartphone platform.[12] [13] Android has a large community of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the functionality of the devices. There are currently over 150,000 apps available for Android.[14] [15] Android Market is the online app store run by Google, though apps can also be downloaded from third-party sites. -
1 an Activist's Guide to Informati- on Security
1 / 34 1 An Activist's Guide to Informati- on Security This guide aims to be a concise overview on information se- curity for anyone in emancipatory struggles against struc- tures of power. It represents assembled knowledge and best practices from personal experience, conversations with hackers and fellow activists, hacker conferences, and university cour- ses on computer security and cryptography. Nonetheless, the best security is sharing skills with trusted people. If you have any corrections, questions or additions, please contact us 1 (email: activist-security riseup net). Our perspec- tive is mostly from western countries, we especially welcome additions about repression and tactics in other places of the world. 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Security Culture 5 Physical Security 6 Traditional Communication 6.1 Face to Face Communication 6.2 Letters 6.3 (Mobile) Phones ◦ Mobile phones themselves are identifiable! ◦ Location Tracking 2 / 34 ◦ Room Surveillance / “Silent Calls” 7 Digital Base Security 7.1 Encryption and Passwords 7.2 Choose Your Computing Device (Integrity) ◦ Smartphones ◦ Laptops and Desktop Computers 7.3 Storage Encryption (Confidentiality) ◦ Encrypt Your Home Folder ◦ Encrypt The Whole System ◦ Use an Encrypted Container ◦ Android and iOS ◦ Limitations 7.4 Backup your Data (Availability) 8 Internet Services 8.1 A Word about Web Browsers 8.2 Anonymity 8.3 Email 8.4 Mailing Lists 8.5 Messengers / Chat 8.6 Jabber / XMPP 8.6 Voice / Video Chat 8.7 Blogs, Websites and Social Media 9 Wrapping it Up 9.1 TL;DR: 9.2 Example Setups 3 / 34 3 Introduction Technological progress has made it next to impossible to de- fend against a sufficiently powerful attacker (a scary exam- ple 2). -
Android Operating System
Software Engineering ISSN: 2229-4007 & ISSN: 2229-4015, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012, pp.-10-13. Available online at http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.php?id=76 ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM NIMODIA C. AND DESHMUKH H.R. Babasaheb Naik College of Engineering, Pusad, MS, India. *Corresponding Author: Email- [email protected], [email protected] Received: February 21, 2012; Accepted: March 15, 2012 Abstract- Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Android, an open source mobile device platform based on the Linux operating system. It has application Framework,enhanced graphics, integrated web browser, relational database, media support, LibWebCore web browser, wide variety of connectivity and much more applications. Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model. Architecture of Android consist of Applications. Linux kernel, libraries, application framework, Android Runtime. All applications are written using the Java programming language. Android mobile phone platform is going to be more secure than Apple’s iPhone or any other device in the long run. Keywords- 3G, Dalvik Virtual Machine, EGPRS, LiMo, Open Handset Alliance, SQLite, WCDMA/HSUPA Citation: Nimodia C. and Deshmukh H.R. (2012) Android Operating System. Software Engineering, ISSN: 2229-4007 & ISSN: 2229-4015, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp.-10-13. Copyright: Copyright©2012 Nimodia C. and Deshmukh H.R. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
History and Evolution of the Android OS
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector CHAPTER 1 History and Evolution of the Android OS I’m going to destroy Android, because it’s a stolen product. I’m willing to go thermonuclear war on this. —Steve Jobs, Apple Inc. Android, Inc. started with a clear mission by its creators. According to Andy Rubin, one of Android’s founders, Android Inc. was to develop “smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner’s location and preferences.” Rubin further stated, “If people are smart, that information starts getting aggregated into consumer products.” The year was 2003 and the location was Palo Alto, California. This was the year Android was born. While Android, Inc. started operations secretly, today the entire world knows about Android. It is no secret that Android is an operating system (OS) for modern day smartphones, tablets, and soon-to-be laptops, but what exactly does that mean? What did Android used to look like? How has it gotten where it is today? All of these questions and more will be answered in this brief chapter. Origins Android first appeared on the technology radar in 2005 when Google, the multibillion- dollar technology company, purchased Android, Inc. At the time, not much was known about Android and what Google intended on doing with it. Information was sparse until 2007, when Google announced the world’s first truly open platform for mobile devices. The First Distribution of Android On November 5, 2007, a press release from the Open Handset Alliance set the stage for the future of the Android platform. -
Tutorial: Setup for Android Development
Tutorial: Setup for Android Development Adam C. Champion, Ph.D. CSE 5236: Mobile Application Development Autumn 2019 Based on material from C. Horstmann [1], J. Bloch [2], C. Collins et al. [4], M.L. Sichitiu (NCSU), V. Janjic (Imperial College London), CSE 2221 (OSU), and other sources 1 Outline • Getting Started • Android Programming 2 Getting Started (1) • Need to install Java Development Kit (JDK) (not Java Runtime Environment (JRE)) to write Android programs • Download JDK for your OS: https://adoptopenjdk.net/ * • Alternatively, for OS X, Linux: – OS X: Install Homebrew (http://brew.sh) via Terminal, – Linux: • Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk • Fedora/CentOS: yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel * Why OpenJDK 8? Oracle changed Java licensing (commercial use costs $$$); Android SDK tools require version 8. 3 Getting Started (2) • After installing JDK, download Android SDK from http://developer.android.com • Simplest: download and install Android Studio bundle (including Android SDK) for your OS • Alternative: brew cask install android- studio (Mac/Homebrew) • We’ll use Android Studio with SDK included (easiest) 4 Install! 5 Getting Started (3) • Install Android Studio directly (Windows, Mac); unzip to directory android-studio, then run ./android-studio/bin/studio64.sh (Linux) 6 Getting Started (4) • Strongly recommend testing Android Studio menu → Preferences… or with real Android device File → Settings… – Android emulator: slow – Faster emulator: Genymotion [14], [15] – Install USB drivers for your Android device! • Bring up Android SDK Manager – Install Android 5.x–8.x APIs, Google support repository, Google Play services – Don’t worry about non-x86 Now you’re ready for Android development! system images 7 Outline • Getting Started • Android Programming 8 Introduction to Android • Popular mobile device Mobile OS Market Share OS: 73% of worldwide Worldwide (Jul. -
Tackling Runtime-Based Obfuscation in Android with TIRO
Tackling runtime-based obfuscation in Android with TIRO Michelle Y. Wong and David Lie University of Toronto Abstract analysis as well for efficiency and greater code cover- age [1,2, 12]. As a result, malware authors have increas- Obfuscation is used in malware to hide malicious activ- ingly turned to obfuscation to hide their actions and con- ity from manual or automatic program analysis. On the fuse both static and dynamic analysis tools. The presence Android platform, malware has had a history of using ob- of obfuscation does not indicate malicious intent in and fuscation techniques such as Java reflection, code pack- of itself, as many legitimate applications employ code ing and value encryption. However, more recent mal- obfuscation to protect intellectual property. However, be- ware has turned to employing obfuscation that subverts cause of its prevalence among malware, it is crucial that the integrity of the Android runtime (ART or Dalvik), a malware analyzers have the ability to deobfuscate An- technique we call runtime-based obfuscation. Once sub- droid applications in order to determine if an application verted, the runtime no longer follows the normally ex- is indeed malicious or not. pected rules of code execution and method invocation, There exist a variety of obfuscation techniques on the raising the difficulty of deobfuscating and analyzing mal- Android platform. Many common techniques, such as ware that use these techniques. Java reflection, value encryption, dynamically decrypt- In this work, we propose TIRO, a deobfuscation ing and loading code, and calling native methods have framework for Android using an approach of Target- been identified and discussed in the literature [11,22,26]. -
The Future Going Back in Time to Abuse Android's
Back To The Future Going Back In Time To Abuse Android’s JIT !1 $ whoami • Benjamin Watson • Director of Security Research @VerSprite Security • Android • @rotlogix !2 Agenda • Inspiration and Overview • Android 4.4.4 JIT Internals & Abuse • Android 7.1.1 JIT Internals & Abuse • Android Oreo • Tools • Future Challenges • Conclusion !3 Back To The Future Going Back In Time To Abuse Android’s JIT !4 Making Android Malware Great The First Time !5 On The Shoulders Of Giants !6 On the Shoulders of Giants @mattifestation @rwincey !7 Shellcode Execution in .NET using MSIL- Based JIT Overwrite • @mattifestation discovered the CPBLK opcode, which is effectively the MSIL equivalent to memcpy • He used to this opcode to overwrite a JIT’ed .NET method with shellcode • https://www.exploit-monday.com/2013/04/ MSILbasedShellcodeExec.html !8 Java Shellcode Execution • @rwincey uses the Unsafe API to overwrite a JIT’ed Java method with shellcode • https://www.slideshare.net/RyanWincey/java- shellcodeoffice !9 On the Shoulders of Giants • After absorbing Matt and Ryan’s research, I was left with one question … “ Is this also possible in Android? “ … !10 Motivation • These techniques discussed today are post-exploitation in nature • We already have installed a malicious application or gain code execution in Java through an arbitrary application • Our goal is to execute shellcode in memory entirely through Java without loading additional shared-libraries, or utilizing JNI !11 Motivation • This means that a simple “application” can have a self- contained solution -
Race Detection for Android Applications
Race Detection for Android Applications Pallavi Maiya Aditya Kanade Rupak Majumdar Indian Institute of Science Indian Institute of Science MPI-SWS [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract asynchronous tasks to each other. Asynchronous tasks running on the same thread may themselves be reordered non-deterministically Programming environments for smartphones expose a concur- subject to certain rules. While the model can effectively hide laten- rency model that combines multi-threading and asynchronous event- cies, enabling innovative features, programming is complex and pro- based dispatch. While this enables the development of efficient and grams can have many subtle bugs due to non-determinism. feature-rich applications, unforeseen thread interleavings coupled In this paper, we formalize the concurrency semantics of the An- with non-deterministic reorderings of asynchronous tasks can lead droid programming model. Coming up with this formalization re- to subtle concurrency errors in the applications. quired a thorough study of the Android framework and a careful In this paper, we formalize the concurrency semantics of the An- mapping of execution scenarios in Android to more formal execu- happens-before droid programming model. We further define the tion traces. We view an Android application as comprising multi- relation for Android applications, and develop a dynamic race de- ple asynchronous tasks that are executed on one or more threads. tection technique based on this relation. Our relation generalizes An asynchronous task, once started on a thread, runs to completion the so far independently studied happens-before relations for multi- and can make both synchronous and asynchronous procedure calls. -
A Research on Android Technology with New Version Naugat(7.0,7.1)
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 19, Issue 2, Ver. I (Mar.-Apr. 2017), PP 65-77 www.iosrjournals.org A Research On Android Technology With New Version Naugat(7.0,7.1) Nikhil M. Dongre , Tejas S. Agrawal, Ass.prof. Sagar D. Pande (Dept. CSE, Student of PRPCOE, SantGadge baba Amravati University, [email protected] contact no: 8408895842) (Dept. CSE, Student of PRMCEAM, SantGadge baba Amravati University, [email protected] contact no: 9146951658) (Dept. CSE, Assistant professor of PRPCOE, SantGadge baba Amravati University, [email protected], contact no:9405352824) Abstract: Android “Naugat” (codenamed Android N in development) is the seventh major version of Android Operating System called Android 7.0. It was first released as a Android Beta Program build on March 9 , 2016 with factory images for current Nexus devices, which allows supported devices to be upgraded directly to the Android Nougat beta via over-the-air update. Nougat is introduced as notable changes to the operating system and its development platform also it includes the ability to display multiple apps on-screen at once in a split- screen view with the support for inline replies to notifications, as well as an OpenJDK-based Java environment and support for the Vulkan graphics rendering API, and "seamless" system updates on supported devices. Keywords: jellybean, kitkat, lollipop, marshmallow, naugat I. Introduction This research has been done to give you the best details toward the exciting new frontier of open source mobile development. Android is the newest mobile device operating system, and this is one of the first research to help the average programmer become a fearless Android developer. -
Mirror for Android™ Faqs
Handout Mirror for Android™ FAQs What is Mirror for Android™? Mirror for Android™ is a method of using your Android smartphone or tablet on your Tobii Dynavox I13/I16 device. It can be used to make phone calls, send and receive text messages. How do I start Mirror for Android? Mirror for Android™ can be started from Snap Core First. Go to Dashboard > Gaze Interaction > Launch Mirror for Android™. What are the telephone requirements for Mirror for Android™? Mirror for Android™ requires Android 5.0 or newer. Developer options and USB debugging must be enabled on the Android device. How do I turn on developer options and USB debugging on my device? You can unlock the Developer options on any Android smartphone or tablet by locating the Build number in your Settings menu and tapping it multiple times. However, the exact location of the build number may differ depending on your phone’s manufacturer. Here are a few common examples. • If using stock Android, go to Settings > About phone > Build number • On a Samsung Galaxy device, go to Settings > About device > Build number • On an HTC device, go to Settings > About > Software information > More > Build number • On an LG device, go to Settings > System > About phone > Software info > Build number Tap Build number seven times. After the first few taps, you should see the steps counting down until you unlock the developer options. Once activated, you will see a message that reads, “You are now a developer!” Go back to Settings, where you’ll find a Developer options entry in the menu. -
All About Tablets What Is a Tablet?
All About Tablets What is a tablet? A tablet is any portable device with a touch screen that allows for mobile computing. It differs from a Smart Phone in that it does not have phone functionality. Otherwise, it can be nearly identical. An eReader is a type of tablet designed primarily for reading eBooks, and may or may not have the same advanced functionalities as a tablet. Things you can do with a tablet Most tablets have: Internet web browsing Calendar/Clock Email mp3/Music Playing Camera (Picture/Video) Some Androids and iPads allow for a keyboard/mouse to be connected, for easier use. Some also have a 3g (or 4g) antenna built-in, which allows for cell phone data access to the internet in areas where there is no WiFi available (this requires a subscription to use). Things you CAN’T do with a tablet Tablets cannot run or install traditional programs, like what a computer uses. Tablets only run “apps”. You cannot install a program or game unless it is available as an app. Not all tablets have apps. Some third-party tablets (that are neither Androids nor iPads) do not have an “App Store”, and only run the apps they come with. Tablets cannot connect to a printer. Some advanced printers allow for printing from Android or iPads, but not many do. Even if it has a USB port, you cannot just plug a USB device into a tablet unless the tablet supports it. Types of Tablets/Operating Systems Apple iOS: Used by all Apple devices, including iPhone, iPad, and even iPod Android OS: The most commonly used OS.