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The Case of the Czech Language
E-Leader Berlin 2012 Celebrating EUROMOSAIC vs. language policies: the case of the Czech language Božena Bedna říková Dept. of Czech Studies Faculty of Arts Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic and Universita degli Studi di Udine Dipartimento delle Lingue e Letterature Straniere Udine/I, Italy 1. The EU language policy and the European Commission Project EUROMOSAIC The EU has a positive policy towards regional and minority languages which is enshrined in Article 22 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights. It states that “The Union respects cultural, religious and linguistic diversity ”. The European Commision has been providing several projects supporting regional and minority languages, one of them being the NETWORK PROMOTING THE LANGUAGE DIVERSITY. It is a pan-European Network which covers regional, minority, indigenous, cross-border and smaller national languages with the task to promote linguistic diversity in Europe. The main focus is providing information about and easy access to a large network of organisations that can share ideas, information and best practice regarding the promotion of less widely used languages. In 1992, wishing to take stock of the situation of the various language communities in Europe, the Commission initiated a study on minority language groups in the European Union. The purpose of the study, entitled "EUROMOSAIC" (later EROMOSAIC I), was not only to support the regional and minority languages, but also to find out about the different regional and minority languages in existence and to establish their potential for expanding, i. e. for their production and reproduction, and to examine the difficulties, the barriers and the challenges they could encounter in doing so. -
Twenty Years After the Iron Curtain: the Czech Republic in Transition Zdeněk Janík March 25, 2010
Twenty Years after the Iron Curtain: The Czech Republic in Transition Zdeněk Janík March 25, 2010 Assistant Professor at Masaryk University in the Czech Republic n November of last year, the Czech Republic commemorated the fall of the communist regime in I Czechoslovakia, which occurred twenty years prior.1 The twentieth anniversary invites thoughts, many times troubling, on how far the Czechs have advanced on their path from a totalitarian regime to a pluralistic democracy. This lecture summarizes and evaluates the process of democratization of the Czech Republic’s political institutions, its transition from a centrally planned economy to a free market economy, and the transformation of its civil society. Although the political and economic transitions have been largely accomplished, democratization of Czech civil society is a road yet to be successfully traveled. This lecture primarily focuses on why this transformation from a closed to a truly open and autonomous civil society unburdened with the communist past has failed, been incomplete, or faced numerous roadblocks. HISTORY The Czech Republic was formerly the Czechoslovak Republic. It was established in 1918 thanks to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and his strong advocacy for the self-determination of new nations coming out of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after the World War I. Although Czechoslovakia was based on the concept of Czech nationhood, the new nation-state of fifteen-million people was actually multi- ethnic, consisting of people from the Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia), Slovakia, Subcarpathian Ruthenia (today’s Ukraine), and approximately three million ethnic Germans. Since especially the Sudeten Germans did not join Czechoslovakia by means of self-determination, the nation- state endorsed the policy of cultural pluralism, granting recognition to the various ethnicities present on its soil. -
Czech Language Programs and Czech As a Heritage Language in the United States
Czech Language Programs and Czech as a Heritage Language in the United States Simone J. Hrouda, Portland State University, Oregon Introduction Czech language schools and Czech classes exist across the United States because of the efforts of Czech heritage language speakers to preserve the language spoken by their ancestors. These programs provide heritage speakers with the opportunity to further develop and maintain their Czech oral and written skills. Even though the language and culture are vital to the identity of individuals in states such as Nebraska, Texas, and Wisconsin, the importance of sustaining the language is not recognized on a national level. Czech is not considered a critical foreign language, and limited opportunities are available for language courses and scholarship programs. It is up to Czech heritage societies to keep Czech classes alive. Czech is a less commonly taught language (LCTL) in the United States, and locating Czech classes is difficult. However, these challenges and many others do not hinder Czech speakers from learning the Czech language. Though small, there is a Czech-speaking population made up of heritage, non-heritage, and native speakers who are making efforts to keep the Czech language alive. History of the Czech Language in the United States The largest immigration of Czechs to the United States took place between the years 1848 and 1914, when over 350,000 Czechs fled their homeland and established Czech communities across the United States (Thernstorm, 1981). Over time, language attrition and acculturation have led to loss of the Czech language within these communities (Dutkova-Cope, 2006; Eckert, 1987; Hannan, 2003; Vasek, 1996). -
The Impact of the Illyrian Movement on the Croatian Lexicon
Slavistische Beiträge ∙ Band 223 (eBook - Digi20-Retro) George Thomas The Impact of the Illyrian Movement on the Croatian Lexicon Verlag Otto Sagner München ∙ Berlin ∙ Washington D.C. Digitalisiert im Rahmen der Kooperation mit dem DFG-Projekt „Digi20“ der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München. OCR-Bearbeitung und Erstellung des eBooks durch den Verlag Otto Sagner: http://verlag.kubon-sagner.de © bei Verlag Otto Sagner. Eine Verwertung oder Weitergabe der Texte und Abbildungen, insbesondere durch Vervielfältigung, ist ohne vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages unzulässig. «Verlag Otto Sagner» ist ein Imprint der Kubon & Sagner GmbH. George Thomas - 9783954792177 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:08:27AM via free access 00050383 S lavistische B e it r ä g e BEGRÜNDET VON ALOIS SCHMAUS HERAUSGEGEBEN VON HEINRICH KUNSTMANN PETER REHDER • JOSEF SCHRENK REDAKTION PETER REHDER Band 223 VERLAG OTTO SAGNER MÜNCHEN George Thomas - 9783954792177 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:08:27AM via free access 00050383 GEORGE THOMAS THE IMPACT OF THEJLLYRIAN MOVEMENT ON THE CROATIAN LEXICON VERLAG OTTO SAGNER • MÜNCHEN 1988 George Thomas - 9783954792177 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:08:27AM via free access ( B*y«ftecne I Staatsbibliothek l Mönchen ISBN 3-87690-392-0 © Verlag Otto Sagner, München 1988 Abteilung der Firma Kubon & Sagner, GeorgeMünchen Thomas - 9783954792177 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:08:27AM via free access 00050383 FOR MARGARET George Thomas - 9783954792177 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:08:27AM via free access .11 ж ־ י* rs*!! № ri. ur George Thomas - 9783954792177 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:08:27AM via free access 00050383 Preface My original intention was to write a book on caiques in Serbo-Croatian. -
A Supplementary Figures and Tables
A Supplementary figures and tables This Online Appendix provides supplementary material and is for online publication only. A1 Figure A1: Population in the Czech lands (in millions) 10 8 6 4 2 Total population Czechs Germans 0 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 Notes: The figure shows total population of the Czech Republic (Czech lands consisting of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia) between 1921 and 2011 (light gray), and population by self-declared ethnicity (black and dark gray). The German population (dark gray bullets) was almost entirely expelled in 1945 and 1946 and partly replaced by residents mainly from Czech hinterlands and Slovakia. ‘Czechs’ refers to all other non-German residents (black triangles). A2 Figure A2: Demarcation line and pre-existing infrastructure 1930 counties 1938 Sudetenland Main roads and railways Rivers Notes: The maps compare the demarcation line between US and Red Army forces in 1945 Czechoslovakia (red line) to county boundaries as of 1930, Sudetenland as of the Munich Agreement in 1938, main roads and railways, and rivers. A3 Figure A3: Demarcation line between US and Red Army forces in 1945 Czechoslovakia US-liberated Sudetenland Red Army-liberated Sudetenland Notes: The map zooms into Figure 1 in the main text. The red line represents the demarcation line between US and Red Army forces in 1945 Czechoslovakia, which runs from Karlovy Vary over Plzeň to České Budějovice (black dots). Prague is the capital city. The US-liberated regions of Sudetenland are in dark gray, the Red Army-liberated regions are in light gray. Sudetenland was settled by ethnic Germans and annexed by Nazi Germany in October 1938. -
February 2005 Newsletter
The AATSEEL AmericanN EWSLETTERAssociation of Teachers of Slavic & East European Languages Contents Message from the President ...............3 Letter from the Editor ...........................3 AATSEEL Awards .................................4 Special in This Issue: Russian at Work ....................................5 Recent Publications ..............................6 Technology and Language 2004 AATSEEL Awards Learning ...............................................7 Awards ....................................................7 Call for Papers for Member News .......................................8 Everything You Always Wanted to 2005 Annual Know about Grammar But Were Afraid to Ask ......................................9 Conference Summer Language Programs ............................................12 Psychology of Language Learning .............................................15 Graduate Student Forum ...................16 Czech Corner .......................................18 Ukrainian Issues .................................20 Call for Papers .....................................23 Belarusica .............................................27 Employment Opportunities ..............28 Professional Opportunities ...............29 Volume 48 Issue 1 February 2005 AATSEEL NEWSLETTER Vol. 48, Issue 1 February 2005 AATSEEL NEWSLETTER EDITORIAL STAFF AATSEEL POINTS OF CONTACT Editor: BETTY LOU LEAVER President: Assistant Editor: ANNA JACOBSON CATHARINE THEIMER NEPOMNYASHCHY Contributing Editors: VALERY BELYANIN Barnard College [email protected] -
Czech Spoken in Bohemia and Moravia
Journal of the International Phonetic Association http://journals.cambridge.org/IPA Additional services for Journal of the International Phonetic Association: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Czech spoken in Bohemia and Moravia Šárka Šimáčková, Václav Jonáš Podlipský and Kateřina Chládková Journal of the International Phonetic Association / Volume 42 / Issue 02 / August 2012, pp 225 232 DOI: 10.1017/S0025100312000102, Published online: 02 August 2012 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0025100312000102 How to cite this article: Šárka Šimáčková, Václav Jonáš Podlipský and Kateřina Chládková (2012). Czech spoken in Bohemia and Moravia. Journal of the International Phonetic Association,42, pp 225232 doi:10.1017/S0025100312000102 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/IPA, IP address: 46.129.125.143 on 13 Aug 2012 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE IPA Czech spoken in Bohemia and Moravia Sˇarka´ Simˇ a´ckovˇ a´ Department of English and American Studies, Palacky´ University in Olomouc, Czech Republic [email protected] Vaclav´ Jona´sˇ Podlipsky´ Department of English and American Studies, Palacky´ University in Olomouc, Czech Republic [email protected] Katerinaˇ Chladkov´ a´ Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, University of Amsterdam [email protected] As a western Slavic language of the Indo-European family, Czech is closest to Slovak and Polish. It is spoken as a native language by nearly 10 million people in the Czech Republic (Czech Statistical Office n.d.). About two million people living abroad, mostly in the USA, Canada, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, and the UK, claim Czech heritage (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic 2009). -
Young Czechs' Perceptions of the Velvet Divorce and The
YOUNG CZECHS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE VELVET DIVORCE AND THE MODERN CZECH IDENTITY By BRETT RICHARD CHLOUPEK Bachelor of Science in Geography Bachelor of Science in C.I.S. University of Nebraska Kearney Kearney, NE 2005 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE July, 2007 YOUNG CZECHS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE VELVET DIVORCE AND THE MODERN CZECH IDENTITY Thesis Approved: Reuel Hanks Dr. Reuel Hanks (Chair) Dale Lightfoot Dr. Dale Lightfoot Joel Jenswold Dr. Joel Jenswold Dr. A. Gordon Emslie Dean of the Graduate College ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Reuel Hanks for encouraging me to pursue this project. His continued support and challenging insights into my work made this thesis a reality. Thanks go to my other committee members, Dr. Dale Lightfoot and Dr. Joel Jenswold for their invaluable advice, unique expertise, and much needed support throughout the writing of my thesis. A great deal of gratitude is due to the faculties of Charles University in Prague, CZ and Masaryk University in Brno, CZ for helping administer student surveys and donating their valuable time. Thank you to Hana and Ludmila Svobodova for taking care of me over the years and being my family away from home in the Moravské Budejovice. Thanks go to Sylvia Mihalik for being my resident expert on all things Slovak and giving me encouragement. Thank you to my grandmother Edith Weber for maintaining ties with our Czech relatives and taking me back to the ‘old country.’ Thanks to all of my extended family for remembering our heritage and keeping some of its traditions. -
Introduction
introduction Writing a Postwar History The biggest victim of the Stalinization of architecture was housing. [Karel] Teige would have recoiled in horror at the endless drab rows of prefabricated boxes of mass housing proliferating around all the major cities of Czechoslo- vakia. Here was the exact antithesis of his utopia of collective dwelling, resem- bling more the housing barracks of capitalist rent exploitation and greed than the joyful housing developments of a new socialist paradise. The result was one of the most depressing collections of banality in the history of Czech architecture, one that still mars the architectural landscape of this small coun- try and will be difficult—if not impossible—to erase from its map for decades, if not centuries. Eric Dluhosch, 2002 Few building types are as vilified as the socialist housing block. Built by the thousands in Eastern Europe in the decades after World War II, the apartment buildings of the planned economy are notorious for problems such as faulty construction methods, lack of space, nonexistent landscaping, long-term maintenance lapses, and general ugliness. The typical narrative of the con- struction and perceived failure of these blocks, the most iconic of which was the structural panel building (panelový dům or panelák, for short, in Czech), places the blame with a Soviet-imposed system of building that was forced upon the unwilling countries of Eastern Europe after the Communists came to power.1 This shift not only brought neoclassicism and historicism to the region but also ended the idealistic era of avant-garde modernism, which dis- appeared with the arrival of fascism in many European countries but sur- vived in Czechoslovakia through World War II. -
Eight Fragments Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian
EIGHT FRAGMENTS FROM THE WORLD OF MONTENEGRIN LANGUAGES AND SERBIAN, CROATIAN, SERBIAN, CROATIAN, BOSNIAN SERBIAN, CROATIAN, BOSNIAN AND FROM THE WORLD OF MONTENEGRIN EIGHT FRAGMENTS LANGUAGES Pavel Krejčí PAVEL KREJČÍ PAVEL Masaryk University Brno 2018 EIGHT FRAGMENTS FROM THE WORLD OF SERBIAN, CROATIAN, BOSNIAN AND MONTENEGRIN LANGUAGES Selected South Slavonic Studies 1 Pavel Krejčí Masaryk University Brno 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this e-book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of copyright administrator which can be contacted at Masaryk University Press, Žerotínovo náměstí 9, 601 77 Brno. Scientific reviewers: Ass. Prof. Boryan Yanev, Ph.D. (Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”) Roman Madecki, Ph.D. (Masaryk University, Brno) This book was written at Masaryk University as part of the project “Slavistika mezi generacemi: doktorská dílna” number MUNI/A/0956/2017 with the support of the Specific University Research Grant, as provided by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the year 2018. © 2018 Masarykova univerzita ISBN 978-80-210-8992-1 ISBN 978-80-210-8991-4 (paperback) CONTENT ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................. 5 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 1 SOUTH SLAVONIC LANGUAGES (GENERAL OVERVIEW) ............................... 9 CHAPTER 2 SELECTED CZECH HANDBOOKS OF SERBO-CROATIAN -
Droughts in the Czech Lands, 1090–2012 AD Open Access Geoscientific Geoscientific Open Access 1,2 1,2 2,3 4 1,2 5 2,6 R
EGU Journal Logos (RGB) Open Access Open Access Open Access Advances in Annales Nonlinear Processes Geosciences Geophysicae in Geophysics Open Access Open Access Natural Hazards Natural Hazards and Earth System and Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Chemistry Chemistry and Physics and Physics Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Measurement Measurement Techniques Techniques Discussions Open Access Open Access Biogeosciences Biogeosciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Clim. Past, 9, 1985–2002, 2013 Climate www.clim-past.net/9/1985/2013/ Climate doi:10.5194/cp-9-1985-2013 of the Past of the Past © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Discussions Open Access Open Access Earth System Earth System Dynamics Dynamics Discussions Droughts in the Czech Lands, 1090–2012 AD Open Access Geoscientific Geoscientific Open Access 1,2 1,2 2,3 4 1,2 5 2,6 R. Brazdil´ , P. Dobrovolny´ , M. Trnka , O. Kotyza , L. Reznˇ ´ıckovˇ a´ , H. Vala´sekˇ Instrumentation, P. Zahradn´ıcekˇ , and Instrumentation P. Stˇ epˇ anek´ 2,6 Methods and Methods and 1Institute of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 2Global Change Research Centre AV CR,ˇ Brno, Czech Republic Data Systems Data Systems 3Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic Discussions Open Access 4 Open Access Regional Museum, Litomeˇrice,ˇ Czech Republic Geoscientific 5Moravian Land Archives, Brno, Czech Republic Geoscientific 6 Model Development Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Model Development Discussions Correspondence to: R. Brazdil´ ([email protected]) Open Access Received: 29 April 2013 – Published in Clim. Past Discuss.: 8 May 2013 Open Access Revised: 4 July 2013 – Accepted: 8 July 2013 – Published: 20 August 2013 Hydrology and Hydrology and Earth System Earth System Abstract. -
The Czech Language
Diversity, communication and coexistence On a small mother tongue as a barrier to intercultural policies: the czech language Jakub Zouhar University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Abstract The essay will discuss the influence of a small language on intercultural policies in the Czech Republic. The Czech language as the only official language in the Czech Republic can definitely be ranked among small European languages since it numbers only over 11 million native speakers. There is no doubt that the fact must affect the way of thinking of the majority of Czech society. From any intercultural policy’s point of view, the impact on the society might be considered as adverse. It will be argued that the Czech society might face an uphill struggle to become international more significantly than other societies that are historically connected with different cultures across the world. The language, needless to say, plays a key role here. Despite the fact, the Czech society has after all an advantage of all similarly small language groups, i.e. nearly everyone is motivated to become multilingual. You live a new life for every new language you speak (Czech proverb) I It has already been said many times that globalisation is a complex and controversial concept. There is little agreement in the literature on what it is, whether it is or is not taking place, whether it is new or old, and if it is good or bad. The process of intensification of interconnectedness, however, does not come about without certain underlying socioeconomic conditions and policy mechanisms. Globalisation, thus, needs to be understood not merely in terms of greater interconnectedness or of creating a single global economic space but also in terms of the underlying context that has made it possible, as well as the institutional arrangements and policy instruments that serve as mechanisms for promoting it.