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Contribucion Al Conocimiento De Los Cerambycidae Latreille, 1804 De Interes Forestal (1): Morimus Asper (Sulz., 1776) En Galicia

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Contribucion Al Conocimiento De Los Cerambycidae Latreille, 1804 De Interes Forestal (1): Morimus Asper (Sulz., 1776) En Galicia CONGRESO FORESTAL ESPAÑOL - Ll'Jurinzán 1.993. Ponencias y comunicaciones. Tomo III 317 , CONTRIBUCION AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LOS CERAMBYCIDAE LATREILLE, 1804 DE INTERES FORESTAL (1): MORIMUS ASPER (SULZ., 1776) EN GALICIA (COLEOPTERA, POLYPHAGA) , C. López-Vaamonde*, J. J. Pino-Pérez**, A. Martínez-Fernández***, J. C. Fernández­ AbeIleira**** & S. Devesa-Regueiro***** * Museo de Historia Natural "Luís Iglesias". Facultad de Químicas, Campus Universitario sin. 15706-SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA (A Coruña-España) ** Avda. de Vigo 50-1°. 36940-CANGAS DE MORRAZO (Pontevedra-España) *** CI Real 23. 15624-ARES (La Coruña-España) **** CI Sagrada Familia 31-5°. 15007-LA CORUÑA (España) ***** CI La Iglesia 4. 36988-SAN VICENTE DO GROVE (Pontevedra-España) Resumen En este trabajo se comunica la presencia de una nueva especie de cerambícido para Galicia Morimus asper(Sulz., 1776). Se aportan datos de fenología y biología alimentaria (en general, de acuerdo con datos bibliográficos) así como valoraciones de conservación; y su rareza en el Noroeste peninsular. " Se incluye mapa de distribución geográfica galaica en base al sistema de proyección UTM, y dibujo del imago. P. C.: Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Morimus asper, Faunística, Distribución, Galicia Surnmary In this paper is recorded a new species of Cerambycidae in Galicia (NW Spain), Morimus asper(Sulz., 1776). It is provided information on phenology and feeding biology (most of it similar to data from bibliography). We also give informatíon on the species' preservation and its ranty in Nordthwest Iberia. It is included a distribution map in Galicia, according to Utm projection system, and drawing of imagus. K. W.: Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Morimus asper, Faunisti¿s, Distribution, Galicia INTRODUCCION El conocimiento de la biología de esta especie no sólo se refiere a citas de géneros de árboles sobre los que se encuentra la larva, su geonemia o su fenología, como es el caso de gran parte de las especies de esta familia, sino que abarca además aspectos como la puesta, el acoplamiento, la morfología larval y su variación, etc. Es una especie considerada por MENDIZABAL (1943) de interés agrícola pero no 318 • hemos recogido ninguna cita bibliográfica como para calificarla de potencialmente peligrosa para los cultivos forestales. El género Morimus (Serville, 1835) se enmarca dentro de la subfamilia Lamiinae Latreille, 1825, tribu Phrissomini Thomson, 1860 y está representado en la Península Ibérica por una especie: Morimus asper(Sulzer, 1776). En Europa existen 4 especies (DAJOZ, 1976): Morimus asper(Sulzer, 1776), Morimusfunereus Mulsant 1863, Morimus ganglbaueri Reitter, 1894, Morimus verecundus Faldermanu, 1836. DISTRIBUCION Morimus asper(Sulz., 1776) es un elemento faunístico holomediterráneo LATTIN (1967) que presenta una distribución europea con áreas refugiales a lo largo de la región mediterránea septentrional. Asimismo DAJOZ (OP.CIT.) la menciona de Francia meridional, Córcega y Cerdeña, Italia, Yugoslavia, Grecia, Bulgaria, Rumanía y hasta Turquía. Esta especie es propia de las zonas montañosas húmedas VIVES (1984) Y se encuentra repartida por el norte de la Península Ibérica. En 1935 ESPAÑOL la señala de la zona pirenaica: La Vall d' Arán y Lés (LLeida). Presente en Girona, Barcelona, LLeida, Huesca, Vizcaya, Guipúzcoa, Burgos y como localidades más próximas a Galicia Picos de Europa, Asturias, VIVES (OP. CIT.), Asón y Loredo, Cantabria, ROMERO SAMPER (1985) y de los hayedos de Oseja de Sajambre, León, VEIGA Y-SALGADO (1986). PEREZ-MORENO & HE­ RRERA (1987) citan este lamiinae de Navarra. SANCHEZ-ALONSO (1988) la señalan por primera vez para Alava. BAHILLO Y ITURRONDOBEITIA (1990) amplían la presencia de esta especie en Vizcaya. ROMERO SAMPER & BAHILLO (1993) citan la especie de sesenta y tres localidades de las provincias fitogeográficas Orocantábrica y Cantabroatlántica. En Galicia la hemos encontrado presente en contados enclaves montanos húmedos de la provincia Orocantábrica del sector oriental gallego (ver mapa) BIOLOGIA ALIMENTARIA Y ASPECTOS AUTOECOLOGICOS VILLIERS (1978) comenta sobre los adultos: "marchant sur le sol, ou se dépla¡;ant sur les souches, les troncs d'arbres ou les tas de buches, le plus souvent en fin d'apres-midi ou la nuit". La fenología de esta especie para la Peninsula ibérica abarcaría desde la segunda quincena de abril hasta la primera de septiembre presentando el máximo de emergencia de imagos entre finales de julio y primeros de agosto. Sobre la biología alimentaria decir que presenta eurifagia aunque en la Península Ibérica se encuentre preferencialmente sobre.Fagus. Es una especie citada tanto en árboles planocaducifolios como sobre coníferas aciculifolias hecho que acontece con otros cerambícidos como Corymbiafontenayi (Mulsant, 1839), Leptura maculata Poda, 1761, etc. GOUREAU (1844) recogió bajo corteza de Populus larvas de la especie que nos ocupa. PAVAN (1944) cita la especie sobre Castanea. Se ha encontrado sobre coníferas de los géneros Cedrus, Lanx, Picea y Abies (MULSANT, 1863; SCHAEFFER, 1953; HEYROVSKY, 1955; ALLENSPACH, 1973; DAJOZ, op. cit.; SAMA, 1988). MENDIZABAL (1943) trata la especie como cerambícido de "interés agrícola" y lo cita sobre nogal (Juglans regia L.), peral y castaño (Castanea sativa.L.). VILLIERS (OP.CIT.) lo cita como polífago sobre Fagus, Carpinus, Alnus, Salix, Ailanthus, Ulmus, Quercus. Fi­ nalmente destacar las citas de ROMERO SAMPER & BAHILLO (op. cit.) sobre Pinus radiata en Vizcaya, y sobre Quercus faginea en Alava. 319 Los hábitos diurnos y crepusculares son comentados por diversos autores y comprobados por Regueiro González en el hayedo aCidófilo montano (Luzulo henriquesii­ Fagetum sylvaticae Rivas Martínez & cols., 1984), (UTM 29TPH51), de "A Devesa da Rogueira" en el término municipal lucense de O Courel, donde recogió el 30 de julio de 1990, al anochecer, 2 00 Y 1 o de esta especie sobre un tronco caído de Eagus sylvatica L. Se comprobó también la presencia de la especie sobre troncos de Fraxinus excelsior L. en la localidad lucense de Moreda, Folgoso do Courel, en la comuni<iad Omphalodo nitidae­ Coryletum avellanae Amigo inéd., avellaneda que AMIGO (1984) señala de los niveles inferiores del piso montano y vicariante occidental del robledal mixto mesófilo, Polysticho setiferi-Fraxineto excelsioris (R. Tx. & Oberdorfer 1958) Rivas Martínez 1979. El 17 de septiembre de 1989 muestreando las laderas del valle del río "da Vara" (Sierra lucense de Pando) que discurre entre robledales acidófilos montanos orocantábricos de Linario triornithophorae-Quercetum petraeae, capturamos a 1000 m. de altitud 1 o (C. L. Vaamonde leg.) en el interior de un tronco cortado de Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. Este lugar pertenece al término municipal de Cervantes, parroquia de Vilarello, y sus coordenadas UTM son 29TPH74. La morfología externa de los ejemplares gallegos coincide con lo descrito por tantos otros autores para la especie (VILLIERS, op. cit., BAHILLO 1988). Respecto a la genitalia del andropigio nos remitimos a lo ilustrado en los trabajos de PAVAN (1947) y BAHILLO (op. cit.) Los ejemplares se encuentran depositados en las colecciones particulares de los respectivos recolectores (Regueiro Gonz~lez y C. L. Vaamonde). ESTATUS y CONSERV ACION Se continuó el estudio de esta especie en la misma zona y en otras similares de las serranías orientales gallegas, visitándolas durante los años 91 y 92 en los meses de julio y agosto, con resultados infructuosos. La causa de estos bajos niveles poblacionales de la especie puede tener su origen en que las formaciones vegetales. hayedos y robledales acidófilos montanos, no representan el hábitat óptimo para la especie a pesar de existir en ellas las plantas hospedadoras adecuadas y así ROMERO SAMPER & BAHILLO (OP.CIT.) señalan para este cerambícido cierta tendencia por la benignidad climática del piso colino frente al montano así como una distribución preferencial de Morimus asperpor el robledal mixto mesófilo Polysticho setiferi-Fraxineto excelsioris. En consecuencia, y basándonos en que esta especie se encuentra, en estas sierras lucenses, representada por bajos niveles poblacionales, lo cual unido al hecho de que habitan en un área montana de débil permisibilidad antrópica y a su restringida amplitud distributiva hacen recomendable la inclusión de este cerambícido en la lista de coleópteros gallegos a pro­ teger ya elaborada por NOVOA-DOCET (1989), bajo la categoría de riesgo (UICN): vul­ nerable. Con el descubrimiento de esta especie el censo de Cerambycidae Latreille, 1804 cuya presencia en Galicia ha sido confirmada asciende a 70 (GRAELLS, 1858; SEOANE, 1891; CHAPMAN & CHAMPION, 1907; IGLESIAS, 1928; URQUIJO, 1939; IGLESIAS, 1948; BREUNING, 1962; NOTARIO & BARAGAÑO, 1978; VIVES, 1984; ANA MAGAN & MANSILLA, 1988; LOPEZ-VAAMONDE, PINO & DEVESA 1993). I BIBLIOGRAFIA 320 ALLENSPACH, V. (1973). Insecta helvetica. Catalogus 3. Coleoptera Cerambycidae. Schweiz. Entomol. Gessels. Zurich. 216 p. AMIGO, J. (1984). Estudio de los matorrales y bosques de la Sierra de Caurel (Lugo). Tesis doctoral (inéd.). Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. ANA MAGAN, 1:. & MANSILLA, P. (1988). Primeras observaciones de la presencia de la Phoracantha semipunctata (F., 1775) en Galicia. Comunicación interna. Revista Montes. BAHILLO (1988). Estudio faunístico sobre los Cerambycidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) de la provincia de Vicaya. Tesina de Licenciatura (inédita). Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología Animal y Genética. Universidad del País Vasco. BAHILLO y ITURRONDOBEITIA (1990). Contribuición
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