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GIPE-004092-Contents.Pdf (1.284Mb) --- -··-- \ ---- I i I ! . ~ f I I ~ lI . f .. IN D l A IN 1922-23 A Statement prepared for presentation to Parliament iii accordance with the requirements of the 26th Section of the Government of India Act · (5 & 6 .Ceo. V, Cha~~ 61) .· • r < ' BY L. F. RUSHBROOK WILLIAMS All Sour. Collese O:ttlortl Director of Public Information Government of India I I I I I I CAWO'l'l:A SVl'ID.JNTINDIN'l' OOVIBNllENT PB1N1'IN01 DfDIA 1928 Agents for the Sale of Books Published by the Superintendent of Government Printing, India, Calcutta. IN EUROPE. '()onstable & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester W. Thacker & Co., 9, Oreed Lane, London, B.O. 1 Square, London, W.o. T. l'isher Unwin, Ltd., 1, Adelphi Terrace. Kegan Pa.'ll, Trench, Trftbner & Co., GS·f•, London, W.o. 0arter Lane, E.O., anll 811, New Oxfonl Wheldon and Wesley, Ltd., II, 8, and 4, .Aithlll' St.reet, London, W.0. ' Street, New Oxford S~ .• london, W, C. 2, Bast and West Ltd., 8, Victoria Street, london, ;serna.rd Qna.rltch, 11, Grafton Street, New S. W.l• .Bond Street, London, W. B. H. Blackwell, 60 & 51, Broad Street, 0 :dord. P. S. King & Sons, 9 & '• Great Smith Street, Westminster, London, S.W. Deighton, Bell & Co., Ltd., Cambridge. ·S:, S. King & Co., 66, CornhiD, D.O., and II, Pall OUver and Boyd, Tweedd.ale Conrt, Edinburgh, M.aU, London, W. B. l'onsonby, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin. Grlndlav & Co., 64,, hrliament Street, London, Ernest Leroux, 118. :&ue lklnaparte, Parla. s.w. Martlnus Nljholf, The Hague, Holland. i..uaac & eo., •o, Great :&~ell Street, JA;ndon, Otto Ham.aaowtts, Lelllll!l. W.O. Fl:ledlinder and Solm, Berlln. IN INDIA AND CEYLON. Thacker Splok & Co., Calcutta and Simla.. Tile Standard :Boo'ltstall, Karacbl, llawalplndl Newmu & Co., Ltd., Calcutta. and Hurree. :&. C&mbray & Co., Calcutta. Maugaldae Hark!SAndaa. Burat. · 8. X. Lahlrl & Oo., Calcutta. Karca.nl1ae Narandas & Bona, Burat. A. ll. Wheeler & Oo., .Allahabad, Calcntts and .8, BanerJee & Co., Calcutta. Bombay, . The Indian School Supply DepOt, SOD, Bow N, B. lllathur, Supdt., Nuir Kanun Hlod Preu, Bazar Street, CSJcujta, and 226, Nawabpur, Allahabad. Dacca. Hunshl Beet& Bam, Hanaglug Proprietor, Indian Buttelworth . & Oo. (IniJia), Ltd., CSJcutta. Army Book DepOt, Juhl, Cawnpore. Ba1 Sahib M. Golab Blugb .t Bona, .Uolld-l·Am Bal. M. 0. Sarear Bahadur and Sons, 110/llAo Press, Lahore and Allahabad, Harrison Boad, CSJcntta. _.. RD.tnt. Kllahna & Sona, Lahore. The Weldon Library, 57, Park Street, We&to Oxford Book and Stationery <o., Delhi. Oalcutta. Bupdt., American Baptist 11111Sion PreM, Standard Literature Company, Limited, Calcutta. Rangoon. La.J Chand & Sons, Calcutta. Proprietor, BanllOOII Times Prell, Rangoon, The Modem Pablis~inll Houae, Ltd., 70, Sparks Aeaoolatlon Press, Calcutta. Street, Rangoon. · The International lluddhlat · Book Depot, 1, Manager, The" Bltavada," Nagpur. · Cha.ndney Chowk, lat Lane, Calcutt!'. s. c. Talukdar, Proprietor, Btodenl.t .t Oo., Higginbotham & Oo., Madras. Ooooh Behar. v. Kalyanaratna Iyer & Oo., Madras. A.. M.. & l. Ferguson, ee,.lon. G. A. Natesa.n & Co~ :Madrall. Manager, Bdo4'.1.tle>oal Book DepOta, Nagpnr and Jubbulpore.• B. Murthy & Co., Madras. Manager of the Imperial Book DepOt, 118, Thompson & Oo., :Hadraa. Chandney Chowk Street, Delhi.• Temple & Oo., llladraa. Manager, " Tbe A.gra Medical Hall and eo. 1'. ll. :&ama Iyer & Oo., llladraa. operative Aesoclatlon, Ltd." (Succ:esson Vas & Co., Madras. to A. John & Oo., A.gr&).• Supdt., Baeellol.lssloo Book and Tract Depo~l· B. lL Qopalakrlshna Kone, Madura, tDI'f, )lanptore.• Thacker & Oo., Ltd., Bombay. p, Varadachary & Oo., H&di'ILI.• 1), :B. Taraporevala, Sons & Oo., Bombay, Bam Dayal A.garwala, 184, Kt.tra, Allahabad. • Hrs. B.adhabal Atmaram Bagoon, .Bombay, D.o. Anand & Soua, Pesbawar.• Bander Pandurang, Bombay. Manllflt'r, Newal ltlabore l'nlel, Lucknow.• Gop'tl Narayan & Co., Bombay. Maung I.o Gale,l'roprletor, Law .Book DepOt, '&a'\o':::~ Govlnd & Son, Xalbadevl, Mandalay.• Proprietor, New Kltabkhaoa, l'oooa. • Times of t:e.flon C'o. Lt l.t • Agenii far the sale of LefiJI.IUftl Depal'tlllent pabllcatkml ool1. t ;Agenla tor the eall of Arch'IIOlo;lcal publlcatlo~ onlf, PREFATORY NOTE. The task of p~eparing this report for presentation to Parliament has been entrusted by Government of India to Professor L. F. Rushbrook Williams, O.B.E., and it is now presented under· authority and with general approval of Secretary of St~te for India but it mu~t not be understood. that approval either of the Secretary of State or of the. Government of India extends to every particular expression of opinion. FOREWORD. HE period covered by this Statement presents a striking T contrast with its immediate predecessor. From the economic standpoint, the year 1922-23 witnessed a gradual return to more normal conditions. Harvests were good ; prices on the down-grade ; and wages steady. The improved economic conditions were reflected in the politics of the period. .A13 the failure of the Non-Co-operation pro­ gramme to achieve its appointed ends became patent, wild and unreflecting.enthusiasm gradually yielded to a more sober spirit. The process was aided by the contrast, which grew daily more marked, between the sterility in positive achievement of Mr. Gandhi's movement, and the steady tale of fruitful activities which stood to the credit of the new constitution. In the ranks of the Non­ Co-operators the opinion gained ground that the Legislatures were exercising a great and growing influence upon the Executive; thlt a continued boycott of these bodies would condemn the par.ty practising it to political extinQtion. The result has been a split in the Congress ranks between those who recognised the failure of their original programme, and those whose reason was still held captive by the power of Mr. Gandhi's pe:rSonal prestige. Time will show whetb.er the former group will enter the Legislatures in sufficient numbers to exercise a decisive influence upon the course·of the Reforms; and whether they will employ des~ruc­ tively or constructively such power as they may possess. For while on the one hand the general atmosphere of responsible sobriety which characterises the Reformed Councils may be expected to modify the ac­ tivities of those who enter them for the fi.rat.time ; on the other, the work· ing of the new constitution has abundantly revealed the necessity for much give-and-take between the Legislature and the .Executive if dead· locks are to. be avoided. Indeed the somewhat halting operation, at least in certain directions, of the ma_,chinery set up by the Montagu­ Chelmsford Reforms has served to stimulate a demand, by no means confined to the Left Wing, for further constitutional advance, which seems likely, after no long time, to become a dominant feature in Indian politics. · · L. F. RUSHBROOK WILLIAMS. CONTENTS. PAOli. ll'OBEWORD • .. ,. .. iii NorB • vii Ltsr OJ' MAPs. DIAGBA.MS A.10) GBA.J'BIOA.L CBA.BTS i:a: ClwTBB CoBTDIT8 . xi CHAPTER L ltrTEBIUi'IOlfA.L BBLM'lOlfS '. 1 CHAPTER IL TBB BUBDE1f OJ' Clmu8lllP 52 CHAPTER IlL TBB EcOirOIIIO BTBtrC'l'UBB • 102 CJIAPTEB IV. PBOBLEHS OJ' PBooBBI!S 192 CJIAPTEB v. TllE POLil'JOAL RBCOBD . 252 APPENDIX L Sou:RCJts . 301 APPENDIX n. IDs EXOBLLDO'Y 'l'BJl VICD0!"8 SP.BJWS: 306 CONTENTS. P.&ol!l APPENDIX m. THB FisCAL COMMISSION'S REPORT .. • 314 APPENDIX IV. NATIONAL LIBERAL FEDERATION RESOLUTIONS •. • 319 37T:a: INDIAN NATIONAL CoNGRESs 'REsoLUTIONS • 321 APPENDIX VI.. SBOBETARY OF STATE'S DESl'ATOll ON TllE REFORMS • 321) APPENDIX VIt INOliCAPB Co~rniTTEE's REPORT • • 32T (SUMMARY). NOTE. Except where otherwise mentioned a. pound sterling is equivalent to fifteen rupees. To minimise confusion the rupee figures are also given in important statistics. Three crores (30 million) rupees may thus be • taken as equivalent of £2 million sterling; and three lakhs (300,000) rupees are equBtl to £20,000. List of Maps, Diagrams and Graphical Charts. Opposite Page. 1. Raids on the North-West Frontier Province 1919-20 to 1921-22 41 2. The voters of British India 53 I '3. How each Rupee of Revenue was made up in India 1921-22 • 107 4. How each Rupee of Revenue was spent in India 1921-22 108 .5. Variations in the shares of the principal articles in the Import and Export trade of British India • , , . • • . · • 120 fl. Variations in the shares of the principal cou~tries hi the Import and· Ex· port trade of British India , , , • , , • , 126 '7. Yield of principal orops from 1912-13 to 1921·22 , 150 8. Ra.ilwa.y Development, 1872 178 9. Railway Development, 1922 178 10. Development.of goods and passenger traffic during the last fifty years • 180 11. Railway receipts and expenditure on State-owned lines in India 1921-22 181 12. Growth of postal traffio sinoe 1880-81 187 13. Existing and proposed telephone truclt systems • 189 14. Famine relief operations in 1922 .· 192 15. Rainfall June to November 1922 ,· 193 16. Rainfall ohart of India for 1922 , 193 17. Strikes in the Bombay Presidency, 1921-22 , 209 18. Progress of Co-operative Movement in India, 1907 211 19. Totals of literates and illiterates : British India , 234 Internatiollal Relations. PAGE. PAGE• lndta and the Commonwealth 1 Struggles and Triumph · of East and West 2 Turkish Nationalism 26 Indians Abroad • • • 2 Turkey and the Allies , 27 Indians in the Dominions and The Lausanne Conference 27 in the Colonies 3 The KhaJ.iafate Vatioanised 28 The Imperial Conference 4 Prospects of Peace • · 2S South Africa . • 5 Bolshevik Intrigue • • 2S Indian Feeling Stirred . • 6 The New Afghanistan • 2t Attitude of the Government 7 Britain and Afghanistan • 3(} Mr. Sastri's Mission 7 Mischief-Makers • , .
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