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.. IN D l A IN 1922-23
A Statement prepared for presentation to Parliament iii accordance with the requirements of the 26th Section of the Government of India Act · (5 & 6 .Ceo. V, Cha~~ 61) .·
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BY L. F. RUSHBROOK WILLIAMS All Sour. Collese O:ttlortl Director of Public Information Government of India
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SVl'ID.JNTINDIN'l' OOVIBNllENT PB1N1'IN01 DfDIA 1928 Agents for the Sale of Books Published by the Superintendent of Government Printing, India, Calcutta.
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• Agenii far the sale of LefiJI.IUftl Depal'tlllent pabllcatkml ool1. t ;Agenla tor the eall of Arch'IIOlo;lcal publlcatlo~ onlf, PREFATORY NOTE.
The task of p~eparing this report for presentation to Parliament has been entrusted by Government of India to Professor L. F. Rushbrook Williams, O.B.E., and it is now presented under· authority and with general approval of Secretary of St~te for India but it mu~t not be understood. that approval either of the Secretary of State or of the. Government of India extends to every particular expression of opinion. FOREWORD.
HE period covered by this Statement presents a striking T contrast with its immediate predecessor. From the economic standpoint, the year 1922-23 witnessed a gradual return to more normal conditions. Harvests were good ; prices on the down-grade ; and wages steady. The improved economic conditions were reflected in the politics of the period. .A13 the failure of the Non-Co-operation pro gramme to achieve its appointed ends became patent, wild and unreflecting.enthusiasm gradually yielded to a more sober spirit. The process was aided by the contrast, which grew daily more marked, between the sterility in positive achievement of Mr. Gandhi's movement, and the steady tale of fruitful activities which stood to the credit of the new constitution. In the ranks of the Non Co-operators the opinion gained ground that the Legislatures were exercising a great and growing influence upon the Executive; thlt a continued boycott of these bodies would condemn the par.ty practising it to political extinQtion. The result has been a split in the Congress ranks between those who recognised the failure of their original programme, and those whose reason was still held captive by the power of Mr. Gandhi's pe:rSonal prestige. Time will show whetb.er the former group will enter the Legislatures in sufficient numbers to exercise a decisive influence upon the course·of the Reforms; and whether they will employ des~ruc tively or constructively such power as they may possess. For while on the one hand the general atmosphere of responsible sobriety which characterises the Reformed Councils may be expected to modify the ac tivities of those who enter them for the fi.rat.time ; on the other, the work· ing of the new constitution has abundantly revealed the necessity for much give-and-take between the Legislature and the .Executive if dead· locks are to. be avoided. Indeed the somewhat halting operation, at least in certain directions, of the ma_,chinery set up by the Montagu Chelmsford Reforms has served to stimulate a demand, by no means confined to the Left Wing, for further constitutional advance, which seems likely, after no long time, to become a dominant feature in Indian politics. · ·
L. F. RUSHBROOK WILLIAMS. CONTENTS.
PAOli. ll'OBEWORD • .. ,. .. iii NorB • vii
Ltsr OJ' MAPs. DIAGBA.MS A.10) GBA.J'BIOA.L CBA.BTS i:a: ClwTBB CoBTDIT8 . xi
CHAPTER L ltrTEBIUi'IOlfA.L BBLM'lOlfS '. 1
CHAPTER IL
TBB BUBDE1f OJ' Clmu8lllP 52
CHAPTER IlL
TBB EcOirOIIIO BTBtrC'l'UBB • 102
CJIAPTEB IV.
PBOBLEHS OJ' PBooBBI!S 192
CJIAPTEB v. TllE POLil'JOAL RBCOBD . 252
APPENDIX L Sou:RCJts . 301
APPENDIX n. IDs EXOBLLDO'Y 'l'BJl VICD0!"8 SP.BJWS: 306 CONTENTS. P.&ol!l APPENDIX m. THB FisCAL COMMISSION'S REPORT .. • 314
APPENDIX IV.
NATIONAL LIBERAL FEDERATION RESOLUTIONS •. • 319
37T:a: INDIAN NATIONAL CoNGRESs 'REsoLUTIONS • 321
APPENDIX VI..
SBOBETARY OF STATE'S DESl'ATOll ON TllE REFORMS • 321)
APPENDIX VIt
INOliCAPB Co~rniTTEE's REPORT • • 32T (SUMMARY). NOTE.
Except where otherwise mentioned a. pound sterling is equivalent to fifteen rupees. To minimise confusion the rupee figures are also given in important statistics. Three crores (30 million) rupees may thus be • taken as equivalent of £2 million sterling; and three lakhs (300,000) rupees are equBtl to £20,000. List of Maps, Diagrams and Graphical Charts. Opposite Page. 1. Raids on the North-West Frontier Province 1919-20 to 1921-22 41 2. The voters of British India 53 I '3. How each Rupee of Revenue was made up in India 1921-22 • 107 4. How each Rupee of Revenue was spent in India 1921-22 108 .5. Variations in the shares of the principal articles in the Import and Export trade of British India • , , . • • . . · • 120 fl. Variations in the shares of the principal cou~tries hi the Import and· Ex· port trade of British India , , , • , , • , 126 '7. Yield of principal orops from 1912-13 to 1921·22 , 150 8. Ra.ilwa.y Development, 1872 178 9. Railway Development, 1922 178 10. Development.of goods and passenger traffic during the last fifty years • 180 11. Railway receipts and expenditure on State-owned lines in India 1921-22 181 12. Growth of postal traffio sinoe 1880-81 187 13. Existing and proposed telephone truclt systems • 189 14. Famine relief operations in 1922 .· 192 15. Rainfall June to November 1922 ,· 193 16. Rainfall ohart of India for 1922 , 193 17. Strikes in the Bombay Presidency, 1921-22 , 209 18. Progress of Co-operative Movement in India, 1907 211 19. Totals of literates and illiterates : British India , 234 Internatiollal Relations.
PAGE. PAGE• lndta and the Commonwealth 1 Struggles and Triumph · of East and West 2 Turkish Nationalism 26 Indians Abroad • • • 2 Turkey and the Allies , 27 Indians in the Dominions and The Lausanne Conference 27 in the Colonies 3 The KhaJ.iafate Vatioanised 28 The Imperial Conference 4 Prospects of Peace • · 2S South Africa . • 5 Bolshevik Intrigue • • 2S Indian Feeling Stirred . • 6 The New Afghanistan • 2t Attitude of the Government 7 Britain and Afghanistan • 3(} Mr. Sastri's Mission 7 Mischief-Makers • , . 31 Its Results 9 The Borderland: Tribal Terri• Australia 9 toties • • • 31 New Zealand. 9 The Border in 1922. · 32 Canada. . . • • 10 The Yusufzais 33- Indians and Mandated. Territories 11 The Khyber • 33 Kenya 12 The Kurram • 34 Uganda 14 Waziristan 34 Tanganyika 15 Past Difficulties 35- Emigration • , • 15 Their Slow Solution 35- Powers of the Indian Legisla· Guerilla Warfare 36· ture . 16 Recent Development · 37 Their Employment 16 Baluchistan 38- In~. Overseas and Public Easier Conditions 39' 0p1Dlon , , 17 The Persian Border • • 40· India's Naval Defence 19 The North West Frontier Province 40• An Indian Navy .• 19 What Raiding Means 41 India's Defence by Land 20 Public Indignation • • • 43 North Eastern Frontier 20 The Enquiry Committee • • 43 North-West Frontier • 21 Public Interest in Border Policy. 44· Central . Asia and the Llamic Decision of Government • • 4& Renaissance • • • . 21 The Foreign Secretary's An· Soviet Exploitation • , 22 nouncement 45- Reaction against Russian Ty- The " Forward " and the ranny. , 23 " Close-Border " Policies 46· Enver Pasha , , , • 23 Results Anticipated 46 Russia and the British Empire. 24 National Defence . 48 Mustapha Kemal Pasha • , 24 Indianisation 48 Turkey and Russia • • 25 The Territorials 49 The Near Eastern Imbroglio 25 Economies 50· CHAPTER D. The Burden of Citizenship. The Reformed Constitution 52 Official Control and Popular Dyarchy • • 54 Apathy • ' , 57' The Central Government 55 Municipalities and Boards l.n LocalSelf..Covernment • • 56 India. • • 58 Indigenous and Imported Ele- Work of Municipa.lities • 58 ments 56 District Boa.rda • · 5S.. ( xi :rii)
The Burden of Citizenship-conttl.
PAGB. PAOB. :iN'ew era iu Local Self..COvemment 59 Communal Riota 80 Local SeH-Govemment as a Brigandage • 80 Transferred subject 60 .Anarchy • • 81 United Provinces 60 )ails • • • 81 The Punjab • 61 The Jails Committee • • 82 Bihar and Orissa 61 Action npon the Recommen- Bengal • 61 dations 83 Experimenta • • • • 61 Reclamation 83 Revival of Panchayat System • 62 " Political Prisoners " 85 Village SeH-Govemment : Some Their Treatment 85 difticulties • • 62 Difficulties • • • • 86 ·Civic Improvement • • 63 Proviuc:iall.egislatures • • 86 -General Tendencies of tbe period 64: The United Provinces Legislative Non-co-operators enter Local Council • • • 88 Bodies • • 64: General Attitude 1922 88 ·Communal Divisions 65 Legislative activity 1922 • 88 Financial Stringency • • 65 Resolutions • • • 89 Distribution of Expenditure 66 Mistrust of Executive Officials , 90 United Provinces • 66 Appointment of Committees 90 The Punjab • • • 67 The Punjab legislative Coaoci1 91 North-West Frontier Province 68 Changing conditions 91 Bombay 69 Questions • 92 Madras. 69 Resolutions 92 Bengal • 70 The Central LegisLature 93 Bihar and Orissa 71 Budget Session 1922 94. Central Provinces 72 Political Resolutions 9-i Assam • • 72 Constitutional Advance • 95 :Law and Order • 73 Finance . 95 The Police • . • 73 Indianir.ation 95 Economy fer.ttU Efficiency 73 The Budget 96 Peculiar Difficulties . 'i -i Legislation 96 Popular Apathy 75 Simla Session 1922 • 97 Non-Co-operation 76 Resolutions 97 Police and Public '17 Legislation • • 98 Dacoity 78 Delhi Session 1923 • 99 · U.npleasant Duties • 79 Stormy Atmosphere 100 CHAPTER m. Economic Structure. •General Ccmditiona of lndiau The y._.,1922-23 112 F'111811Ce • • • • 102 Budgettings and Actuals • 112 Omtrslisation and Devolution • 103 Government's Eft'orta at Provincial Contributions • 104: Retrenchment 113 Provincial Stringency 104: The Budget of 1923-24 114 Investigations • 105 NeteSSity for Balancing the Promise for the Future • 106 Budget . • I 15 ·F"JDIUICfll of the Central CoYerD• Budget balanood by oerti- meat • • 107 fic.a.tion • 116 Budget of 1922-23 11!8 Prelll'nt position and future Deficib and Debt · 108 Prospects • 116 Demands for Retl"''nchment 109 Loans • • 117 "llae lochcape Committee . 109 Indian Banking • • . • 118 Insistence on Economy • 110 The Imperial Bank • • 118 The Retrenchment Report 110 India and the Investment Habit I I 9 ( xili )
Economic Structure-contd.
PAGB. PAGB•• Trade io 1921-ZZ 120 New developments • 141 Imports • 120 Exhibitions • • • • 14:t. L Cotton • 120 Co-operation between Central 2. Machinery 121 and local Departments of 3. Sugar • 121 Industries • • • • 142 4. hon and Steel 122 Prov:iueial Departments of IDdiJioo 5. Railway Plant 122 tries • 143.. 6. Wheat • 122 Madras. •. 143 '1. Coal 122 Bombay 144 S. Hardware 122 Bengal • . • 146 9. Mineral Oils 123 United Provinces 146 10. Motor Cars 123 The Punjab • 146 11. Silk and LiqOIUS 123 Bihar & Oriaaa 146 £sports • 123 Central Provinces • 147 L Jute 123 Indian Agriculture • • • 148- 2. Cotton • 123 Progress and Conservatism • 148 3. Hides and Skins 124 The Departments of Agri.caltare 149-· 4. Oil Beede : 124 Their Work. 149 5. Tea • • • 125 . Rice 149 6. Food Grains and Flour • 123 Wheat • 150 7. Miscellaneous • 125 Sugar • 151 Directioa of Trade 12G Cotton . 152. Some Comparisons • • 126 Jute • 153.- Other British Possessions 127 Indigo • 154:. Japan • • 127 Tobacco 154 United States. 128 Vegetable Oils. etc•. 155· Germany • 128 Rubber. Coffee and Tea 155 Balance of Trade 128 Fruit 156. The Calendar Year l92Z 128 l!'odder . • 157 Gradual Return towards Soil Surveys • 157 Normalcy • · • 129 Cr<>f Pests • , , 157 Summary for 1922-23 130 Agricnltural Engineering. 158· TheTariff • • 130 Cattle • • • 159 The Fiscal Commission 131 Influence of Sentiment 159 Recommendations • l(Jl Cattle Diseaf!es 160 The Minute of Dissent 132 Veterinsry Work • 161 Reception of the Report • 132 Tractor Cnltivation 161 Attitude of Government • 133 Demonstration 162 The new policy 133 Irrigation • 163; Thefuture .• 134 :Methods • • • • 164 Indian Shipping 134 Irrigation under the Reforms • 165 The State and IDdustries • • 135 Irrigation in 1921-22 • • • 166· The Department of Industries Sarda Kichha and 8arda and Labour • • .• 136 Canals ,• 166 Central and Local Shares in Sutlej Valley Canals. 168· Industrial development • 136 Sukkur Barrage and Canals Some aetivities of the Depart. Project • 169 meot of ludustries • • • 136 Future Programme 169 Purchal!e of Stores , • , 137 Forests • •. • 170 The Indian Stores Department. 137 Destruction of forests 170 Railway Stores • , • 138 Forestation and P~pnla; Surplus Stores • • 138 Misconception ,• 171 Printing • • • 138 In Madras , • • 171 Revision of !lining Rules 139 In the United Provinces , 172 Steam boilers • 139 Forests pay • 172 Patents Protection • 139 Hopefulsigns 173· Salt 140 Forest Engineering 173 ( xiv
Economic Structute-concld.
PAGB. PAGB. <.Exploitation • 173 Rehabilitation and Deprecia- Minor Industries 174: tion • • • 182 Research 174 The Railway Board 182 fisheries 175 State mr8UII Company Bengal 175 Management • , 183 Madras. 176 Overcrowding • • 183 Bombay 176 The Third Class Passenger 184: Punjab. • 176 Railway Risk Notes 185 <:ommtmications 177 Railway Stores 185 Roads • • • 178 lndia.nization • 185 Deterioration of Roads' • 178 Technical Training • 186 twlways • • • 178 Post Offices • • 187 Financial Difficulties 179 Mail Runners 187 Traffic in 1921-22 179 Public Utilities 188 Passengers 179 Fillllonoial Results 188 Goods • • • • • 179 Telegraph Branch 188' Railways and the public • • 180 Wireless 189 The Acworth Committes's ?l?phones 189 recommendation • 181 AVJation • • • 190 'The Five-year Programme 181 Its Possibilities in India 190 CHAPTER IV. Problems of Progress. "The Year 1922 • 192 The Factories Act 207 The Bengal Floods 192 Mines Bill • • • 207 :'Foodstuffs situation in 1921-22 , 193 Workmen's Compensation 207 Wheat • 193 Trades Uniens • 203 Rice • • 194: Strikes • 209 Export and Scarcity 194: International Labour ~ 210 Town verms country 194 India.' a Place 210 .COSt of living in 1922 • 195 The Co-operative Movement 211 The condition of the masses 196 Recent Obstacles • • 211 Indirect evidence of growing Present State of the Move- prosperity • , 196 ment , • 212 Direct evidence of growing Bombay • • 212 prosperity • 197 Co-operative Banking 213 Madras • • 197 Madras. • 214 Bombay • • • 197 United Provinces 214 Indian poverty; some causes 198 Punjab • 215 India. not organized for Biharand Orissa. 215 wealth • 199 Bengal • 216 Thriftlessness. 199 Central Provinces 217 Prejudice and Ignorance 200 Sanitation 217 Consumers and Producers 200 Difficulties • • . 218 Religious sentiment 201 Sanitation a Transferred Uneconomic Diet • 201 Subject 219 IA.wakenin, of the Maues 202 Financial Stringency and its The Town Dwellers. 203 effects 220 The Middle Classes • 204 Infantile Mortality • 221 The Town Labollref 204 Social Reform • 221 oCharaoteristic of Industrial Labour 204 Caste • • • 222 Welfare Work 205 The Depressed Classes 222 State Investigation 206 Self-Help • • • 222 .Legislation • 206 St11t.e and Vohmt4ry Effort 223 XV ).
Problems of Progress-c()ntd.
P4GE. PAGE. Future Prospects • 224 Secondary .Education 237 Social Reform and Political Present Deficiencies 237 Movements 225 Future developments. 238 Nagpnr 225 Universities old and new , 238 Gaya. • • 225 Transfer of Education s Unfavour"' Criminal Tribes 225 able Circumstances 239 The Parda. System 226 Fina.ncial stringency 24:0 Other Topics . 226 Provincial revenues and Drink and Drugs . 227 educational estimates • • 240 Non-co-opera.tion and tern· Provincial :per capita (lduoa. , perance .• . 228 tiona.l ex;penditure . .241 Government's position 228 Economy p.nd efficiency , 241 Drugs , 229 Two requisites • . 242 Opium . . . 230 Co-operation , 242 Opium in India. . 230 Compulsion , 242 Government Control 230 Non-co-operation • 24:3 The Indian States 231 Na.tiona.l Education 244 Progress . • 231 Its failure . , , 244 Export of Opium • 232 Education provinoialised- · Rigid Control • • 232 some Tendencies , • 245 The League of Nations • • 232 Centralisa.tion and decen~ Implications of Educational Pro" tr~~
PAGE. PAGE'. Notably in the Punjab • • 273 Muharram Riots • • • 28'1 Where Sikh troubles had been The Civil Disobedience En· serious , • • 274 quifr. • • • • 287 4:. La.ok of Leadership and Council-entry or Boycott Y 288· Confused counsels • 275 Opposing Parties • • 288 Discouragement and Un· The Gaya Congress . . 289' certainty • • • • 275 Congress dominated by Signs of Discomfiture 276 Gandhism , • • • 290 Disunion • • . • 277 Congress-Khila.fat-Swaraj party 290' Mr. Gandhi's Dead-Hand 278 The Programme of Mr. C. R. The Services 278 Das • • · 291 The old Position 279 The two Parties • • 291 The New • ., 279 National Liberal Federation 29% The O'Donnell Circular • 280 The Delhi Semon 1923 • 29l The " Steel Frame " Speech 280 The Royal Commission. The Effects of the Speeoh , 281 Reforms Despatch 293 Punjab Situation . . 281 Fiscal Policy • • 293 The Guru-ka-Bagh Aiiair 282 Railway Management 294 The Simla Session . • 283 Racial Distinctions 294 The " Princes' Protection Bill " 284 The Finance Bill 294 First Exercise of Power of The Salt Tax 295 Certification , • 284 Certification and its Results 295 Condition of Non•co•operation 285 Mn. Besant's Conference 296 Communal Dissensions • ,, 285 Fresh CommUDB.l Disseuion 297 Hindu-Muslim Unity Suffers • 286 Mr. Gandhi'& Success or The Turkiah Victories , 286 Fa.illl!e t 298 INDEX
PAGE. PAGE~ A Afghan Minister at the Court of St. James • 31).· Abdur Razak, Haji • 31,36 Afghan Officials • as· . ., Abdul Majid, Effendi • 28 Afghan Students • • • 29 · Abdullai Mahsuds • 35,38 Afghan War of 1919 • 35, 38, 39, 41 Abdur Rahman, Amir • • 34,45 Afghanistan • 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 3S,. Abdur Rahman Khel • 36 34, 38, 44, 45, 46, ao-- Achilles 24 Amir of • • • 23, 28 : Act(s)- Invasion of India by 107 Banana Industry Preservation • 9 Treaty between Great Britain Bihar and Orissa Municipal 61 and • · • 29·• Bihar and Orissa Village Ad· Afghans • • 23 . miuistration • • 61,71 Afiume.Kara-Hissar · 25, 26. Bounties • • 8 Africa, South-West II Central Provinces Local Self Africans • · 8 ; Government . 72 Afridis • 33, 34 Children's, Bengal 83 Agra • • • • 89, 166, 298 Children's, Madras • • 83 Agrioultural Associa.tions · 162, 163-: Crimiual Law Amendment 267 Agricultural Departments • 150, 151, Devolution 67 152, _153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, .. Electoral. • • 10 160, 161, 162, 163, 211 Government of India. • 52, 53, Demonstrations by • · 162, 163 254, 284, 293, 297 Central and Provincial 149•· Imperia.! Bank of India · 118, 119 work of, • • • • 149 Indian Explosives • • 136 Agricultural Engirieer • 158, 159 . Indian Factories 136, 207, 210 Agriculture • • • 148, 149 Indian Emigration • 16 Agriculture, Deputy Director of 156 . Indian Mines • 100, 136 Ahmed Za.i • .• . • • 36 Indian Petroleum 136 Ahmedabad • • , 144 ·. Indian Wireless Telegraphy Aiyer, Sir Sivaswami , 43, 135- (Shipping) • , 189 Ajmal Khan, Hakim • • 288, 290. Immigration and Reclaimed Ajmer-Merwara, Territorials in oo·· Lands • • • • • 9 Aka.li activities • • , 92. New Zealand Immigratioh Aka.li Jathas 274, 282, 283 Restriction (Amendment) • 9 Akali Sikhs • • . • 79 · Oudh Tenancy • • • 203 Ali Brothers • • · 94, 262, 263, 266 Press • 261, 265, 272, 284, 296 Aligarh University \ • 239 · Punjab District Boards • • 61 Aligarh Muslim University • • 249 · Rowlatt • • • • 273 Alipore, Government Test House at 138 . Seditious Meetings • • 267, 278 All-India. Congress Committee United Provinces Municipalities 60 266, 271, 288 Workmen's Compensation . 208 All-India Industrial Welfare Con. Acworth, Sir William • 181, 183 ference • , • • • 205 . Acworth Committee . . • 183 All-India Maternity and Children's Report of . 181, 182, 183, 184, 185 Welfare League • , • 22l .. Adrianople . . • . • 270 Allahabad • , 50, 88, 89, 288 Adult Education . 246, 247, 248 Allahabad Co-operative Exhibition · 215 · Advisory Committees 283 Alliod powers • • 24, 25, 26, 27 · Afghan Frontier • • . • 46 Foreign Miuist.ers of • 26 . Afghan Government • 30, 31, 39 Allies , , , , • , 286 . Afghan Governor of Southern and Turkey . • . • 27 · Provinces 34 Amanullah, His Majesty the Amir • 29•· ( ..343 ) 344
PAGE, PAGB. ...America 27, 56, 57, 107, 121-28, 196 Ba.rdoli Ta.luk • • 266 199, 217 Baroda • • 148, 159, 163, 212 .American Cotton • 152 Barra.rl Tangi • • • • 37 _Amii of Afghanistan ~8, 29, so Besa.nt, Mrs., Conference of • 296, 297 ..Amir of Bokha.ra. • 22 Belginm 122, 126, 129 ...Anarchy 81 Bena.res • , • 50 ..Anatolia • • • • 26 Bena.res Hindu University • 96 .Angora • • • 24, 271 28, 30 Bengal • , 59, 62, 66, 86, 153, 154, National Government of 24, 25, 26, 159, 161, 206, 209, 239, 240, 241, 263, 28,29 277, 287 .Ansari, Dr. • 289 Co·opera.tion in 216, 217 Armenia. • • • • • 22 Government of 209 _Army, lndia.niza.tion of 48, 49, 294, 296 Fisheries in • 175 See also British Army ; Floods in • • • 192, 193 Indian Army Local Se1f.Government in • • 61 _Arts and Crafts Depot, Lahore 146 Review of Looa.l Self-Government in 70, .Arya. Sama.j • · • • 298 71 ..Asia. Minor • • • 26 Bengal Children's Aot • • 83 _.Asiatic Enquiry Commission 6 Bengal Contribution • • 104:, 105 Asiatics • • • • 2, 8 Bengal!ndustries Department , 145 _Assa.m • 59, 163, 227, 240, 241, 263 Bengal Na.gpur Railway • 180, 186 Legislation in • • . 87 Bengal Provincial Co-operative Review of Local Se1f-Government Federation , • • , 216 in . • • 72,73 Bengal Relief Committee , 193 _Assa.m Bengal Ra.ilwa.y 188 Bengal Social Service League • .227 _.Association( s)- Berar • 140, 277 Imperial Indian ctizenship of Berlin • 30 Bomba.y • • 6 Bha.gini Samaj 2.27 India.n Research Fund 220 Bhamo • • 20 Libera.! • • • • • 225 Bhawalpore . 168, 169 Nationa.l, for supplying Female Bhopal • 212 a.id to the women of India. 221 Bihar , • 63, 154 Transvaal British Indian • 6 Bihar and Orissa. • 59, 87, 149, 155, Young Men's Christian 229, 247 157, 161, 162, 206, 209, 227, 240, 241 Young Women's Christian 249 Compulsory Primary Educa· ...Attock District Board • • • 57 tion Bill , • , 225 ...Aastra.lia. • • . 8, 12, 122, 127, 190 Co-operation in • 215, 216 Commonwealth of · 11 Industries Department • 146, 147 ..Australia, South • 9 Legisla.tion in • , • 87 ..Australia., Western 9 Looa.fSe1f-Government in • • 61 ...Austria·Hnngary • 129 Municipal Aot • • • • 61 ..Aviation • 190 Review of Local Self-Government .Azerba!jan • 22 in • . • • • 71, 72 Village Administration Bill • 60 B Villa.ge Administration Act • 61, 71 Bikaner 168, 169 Baoteriologioa.l Laboratory, Muktosar 161 Bill( e)- Bajpa.i, Mr. G. S. • • • 8 Bihar and Orissa. Compulsory Baluchistan • 31, 38, 39, 40, 46, 156, 192 Primary Education • , .22J Banana. Industry Preservation Aot • 9 Bihar and Orissa Village Ad· Bank of Bengal • 118 ministration • 60 Bank of Bombay 118 Caloutta Municipal • 61 Bank of Madras • 118 Civil Marriage • • 99 Banking, Indian • 118 Finance • • • 294, .295 Bankura. 192 Indian States (Protection a.gai1111t Bannu 41 Disa.~otion) • • 98, .284 Bara. Banki • • 167 Mines • • • , .207,210 .Ba.rdoli . • 268, 270, 276 Police Incitement to Disaffection 98 .. Ba.rdoli Resolutions 270, 271 Prinoos' Protection • 98, 284 345
PAGE. PAGE, Bill(s)-con.ld. Bounties Acts • . 8 Racial Distinctions , • 99 Bray, Mr. Denys . • 45, 46 Sikh Gurdwara.s and Shrines , 93 Brigandage • • • . · 80 United Provinces District Boards 60 Britain and Afghanistan • • so; 31 Workmen's Compensation. 207, 208 British Army, recommendation of Birla., Mr. G. D. . • • 130, 131 the Retrenchment Committee 111 Black Sea. . • • 26 British Citizen . • • 7 Blackett, Sir Basil . 106, 114, 115 British Civil Services • 280, 281 Board of Inland Revenues . 36 British Columbia . • 10 Boards for Secondary and Inter· British Commonwealth 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 19 mediate Education 238 J;>OSition of India in • 1 Boards of Trade • 139 British Connection • . • 257 Bogra • . 192 British Empire 4, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, Bokhara, Amir of 22 171,292 Bokhara, Eastern 23 a.ndRussia. • • . • 24 Bolshevik influence • 26 British Empire Exhibition, 1924 141, 142 Bolshevik intrigue . 28, 29 Advisory Committees . 142 Bolshevik officials . • 22 Commissioner for India 142 Bolsheviks . 23, 24, 28, 29 British Government 3, 189 Bolshevism 22, 291 British Guiana • • 17 and Islam • • • • 23 British Exchequer • 102 Bombay • 12, 50, 58, 62, 63, 84, 86, British Industries Fair, 1922 . 141 112, 153, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, British Minister at the Court · of 163, 189, 190, 200, 20,6, 209, 227, Kabul . • · • • • 30 236,241,263,266,298 British Navy, East Indies Squadron Central Co-operative Institute • 213 of • • · , 19 Condition of masses in • 197, 198 British Parliament 53 Co-operation in • • 212, 213 British possessions , 127 Financial representatives of · 105 British rule • 56, 254 Fisheries in • • • • 176 British Universities 276, 279 Imperial Indian Citizenship As. Budget, 1922-23 • 96, 108 sociation , 6 Budget, 1923-24 • 114-117 Legislation in • • • 87 Bundelkhand 165 Reclamation of Back Bay in • 63 Burdwa.n 192 Review of Local Self-Govern. Bnrhampur • • • , 147 ment in· 69 Burma • 105, 123, 141, 155, 159, 163, Salt from • . • 141 190, 194, 227, 239, 240, 265 School of Tropical Medicine . 220 Legislation in • • 87 Bombay, Baroda. and Central India. Burma, Military Police • 73 Railway • • • , 186 Burma Police • • 73 Bombay Central Co-operative Ins. Burmese Princes, exiled · .• 20 titute • • • , 213 Butler, H. E. Sir Harcourt 146 Bombay Development Directorate 144 Bombay Improvement Trust 63, 205 Bombay Industries Department 144, 145 c Bombay Labour Office . • .195 Bombay Municipal Corporation 18 Calcutta • 50, 58, 63, 175, 189, 190, 266 Bombay Police • , . , 73 Legislation in , • • • 87 Bombay Presidency . 58, 152, 195, Occurrence in Presidency Jail • 86 196, 198, 213 Calcutta Improvement Trust . •63, 206 Bombay Social Service League • 227 Calcutta Municipal Bill 61 Bombay University • 239 Calcutta Port Trust • 182 Border, The, in 1922 • 32, 33 Calcutta Soap Works, Ltd. 127 Border Policy- Calcutta University • 239 Government's decision on • 45,46 Vice-chancellor of • • 243 Public interest in , . 44.45 Calcutta University Commission • 237, Border Tribes • 263 238, 239, 248 BosJ?horus . 26 Calicut • 144 BoUllion, M. Franklin 26 California • 156 PAGE. PA.Gl'!. Canada 8, 10, 123, 125 Chief Inspector of Aircraft to Prime Minister of 10 the Government of India 191 Canal project 169 Children's Courts 84 Cape Province 5 China · • 20, 126, 23~ Carnatio 213 China, Great Wall of 45 Cattle 159, 160 Christian Missionary Societies 223, 229 Cattle diseases 160, 161 Chumbi Valley • • • , 20 Catto, Sir Thomas 109 Churchill, the Rt. Hon'ble Cawnpore- Winston , • • . 12, 13, 14 Leather Working School 146 His Book "East African Journey" 12 Technological Institute 146 Circular, O'Donnell . , , 280 Cecil Rhodes' policy • • • 5 Civic Impro:vements 63, 64 Central Asia • • 21, 22, 23, 24., 29 Civil Aviation 136 Islamic renaissance in 21, 22 Civil Disobedience 264, 267, 278 Central , Co-operative Institute, Civil Disobedience Enquiry Bombay . • 213 Committee 64, 287, 288 Central Government 55 Report of. 276 Central India 78, 79, 231 Civil Marriage Bill 99 Central India Agency 140 Coal . • , 122 Central Legislature 55, 78, 260, 272, Code, Criminal Procedure • 98, 99, 294 280,295 Coffee 155, 156 Budget Session 1922 • • 93, 94 Coimbatore 151 Delhi Session .293, 294, 295 College(s)- Finance • • • 95 .Government Engineering 250, 251 ln,dianization of services • 95, 96 Indian Military, , 265 Legislation by • 96, 97, 98, 99 Colonial Office 4, 14, 15 Political Resolutions in • 94, 95 Colonies • • . • 11 Simla Session . 97, 283, 284 Commander-in-Chief, H.E. the 47, 294 Working of . 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 Commission( a)- Central Provinces. •76, 78, 87, 140, Asiatic Enquiry , • • j} 152, 157, 159, 161, 163, ~65, Calcutta University • 237,238,239,248 227, 228, 240, 241, 277 Fiscal , • • • • 265 Co-operation in. • , 217 Indian Irrigation 164 Industries Department · 147, 148 Public Services 100, 293 LE>.gislation in . • . 87 Committee( a)- Local Self-Government Act 72 Acworth • 181, 182, 183 Review of Local Self-Govern· Advisory • 283 mentin • • • 72 Geddes • 109 Central Provinces and Berar , ; 58,59 Inchcape, . • 294 Central Research Institute 173 Inchcape, Report of • 191 Central Subjects • • • • 53 Jails • 82, 83. Central Wood Working Institute, Press Law 96 United Provinces • • • 146 Railway . • 181, 182 Certification, First exoeroise of Repressive Laws • 96 power of • 284 All-India Congress . 266, 271, 288 Ceylon , • • 15,16, 17,140 Civil Disobedience Enquiry 287, 288 Emigration of unskilled labour Congress • 291 to • 15, 16 Congress, to enquire into Chakdara 33 Moplah rising • • 285, 286 Chamber of Princes 284 Congress Working • 258, 269, 275, 276 Champa . 147 Criminal Procedure Code 266- Chauri Chaura 269 Indian Central Cotton 153 Chefang • 20 Joint Select, of Parliament 261 Chelmsfortl, Lady 221 Khilafat . • • 258, 277, 278 Chelmsford, Lord, , 1, 59, 105, 210' North-West Frontier Province 43, 44 Chemical Research Institute • 137 Provincial Congress • 271, 275 Chenab 168 Retrenchment Committee . 51, 109, Chief Controller, Indian Stores 110, 113, 137 Department 137, 138 Sriromani Gurdwara Prabandhak 274,282 , fAGJ, · Committee(s)-cimtd. Criminal Tribes 225, 226 St&nding, for finance • • 261 Crop pests .• 157, 158 Standing, for public accounts 261 Crown .• 95 Standing Emigration • 16, 17 Crown Colonies • · is Whitley • • • 209 Curzon, Lord , , • • 27, ~8 Commonwealth of Nations • 2 his Policy of Separating North- Communal Riots • • 80 West Frontier Province from Communications • 177, 178 the Punjab , • 43 Comparative politics 247 Customs Revenue 103, 107 Conciliation Boards 209 Conferenoe(s)- All-lndia. Industrial WeHare • 205 Mrs. Besant' s 296, 297 Co-operative 213 Khila.fa.t • • . 263 Dacca. University • 239 Lausanne • • • 27, 28, 287 Dacoity • • • 78, 79 Provincial Finance Members' . • 105 Dadabhoy, Sir M. B. 130 Congress, Indian National 225, 256, 268, Daghista.n • • 22 . 270, 289 Dalal, Mr. Dadiba. • • 109 Leaders . • 287 Das, Mr. C. R. 288, 289, 290, 291 Two parties in . 291, 292 Datta. Khel • . 35 Volunteers • • • • 258 Debts • • 108, 109 Working Committee . ~58, 269,275,276 Deccan • • .165, 192, 198, 213 Congress Committee( e) • • , 291 Declaration of August 20th, 1917 1, 254 to enquire into Moplah rising 285, 286 . 279,281 Congress organisation . • 258 Defence, India's, by land • 20 Local, Central Provinces • 277 Deficits, Causes of 107, 108 Connaught, Duke of • 260 Debra. Dun- Constantine, King • • • 25, 27 Prince of Wales' Royal Indian Constantinople • .24, 25, 26, 28, 270 Military College • • 48 Const&ntinople Government • • 26 Forest Research Institute 174, 175 Contributions, Provincial 104, 105 Devolution Act • • • • 67 Coonoor- Delhi • • 83, 96,159, 190, 271, 272, 275 lnduatrial Institute , 144 Sittings of the Retrenchment Pomological Station • • • 156 Committee , • llO Co-operation, Results of , 260, 261 University • 96, 238, 239 Co-operation Exhibition, A.llahaba.d 215 Department(s)- · Co-operative Conference 213 of Agriculture • 247 Co-operative Department 162 of Commerce • • 136 Co-operative Federation, Bengal of Co·operative Credit '. 24 7 Provincial , • • . 216 of Education , , , , 236 Co-operative movement 211, 212, 213, of Fisheries 175, 176, 177 214, 215, 216, 217 of Industries • • • 158 Co-operative Societies • , • 176 of Over-seas Trade, London 141 Coorg · • • 155 of Public Health • • • 247 Cost of living , • 195, 196 Deputation to H.E. the Viceroy on Cotton • 120, 121, 123, 124, 126 retrenchment • , 110 Cotton growing . 152, 153 Dera Ismail Khan • 37, 41 Cotton Mill Industry • • , 112 Dha.nbad • • 137 Council of State , • 6, 14, 95, 96, 98, Dharna, Doctrine of 253 115, 130, 185, 186, 284, 295 Dir, Nawab of , , 33 Delhi Session, 1923 • . 99, 100, i01 Direotor.Qeneral, Posts and Demands Retrenchment , . 109 Telegraphs • • • 187 on indigenous Mercantile Marine 135 District Boards, Work of • 58, 59 Courts of Enquiry • , 209 Dominion Home Rule • • 256 Coyajee, Mr. J. C. • • 130 Dominion Sta.tua • • • 4, 15, 297 Criminal Law Amendment Act • 267 · Dominions • 8, 10, 11,. 12, 18, 126, 210 Criminal Procedure Code • 98, 99, 294 Over-seas , 292 Committee on • 266 f'el£-Governing • • 1, 2 2B , :. 348
I PAGE. PAGE. Dominions and Colonies--- Europe • •· 56, 107, 193, 199, 217 .Admission of Indians to 4 European Education ·• • • 249 . Indi,ans in • 3, 4 Executive Councillors • 53, 54 Drink , • • • 227 Exhibitions- Drugs • 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233 British Empire 141, 142 Durand Line • • • , 3~, 4 7 Industrial • • 141 ~dap 40 Explosives Act, Indian • 136 Dyarohy • 54 Export trade 107, 108 Dyer, General • 260 Exports 123, 124, 125 Dynamite glyoeriJ?.e 137 F E Factories Act . • 136, 210 East Africa. .14,126 Federated Malay States • 15, 16 Indians in , , • 94,96 Female education. • 248, 249 East African Countries 13 Ferghana . 23 East and West • • • 2 Fiji • • • • • 17 Ea.st Indian Railway 147, 182, 183, Finance Bill • .ll5, 116, 294, 295 188, 209, 293 Finance Department • . 136, 181 Strike on • 94 Finance Member • 105, 106,114, 115 East India Company . • , 103 Finances, Indian . . . 105, 107 East Indies Squadron of the :British History of the year 1922-23 112 Navy • • • 19 General condition of , 102 Eastern Jumna Canal , 167 Finances, Provincial . • 106 Edmiston, Capt. • 37 Financial Conference at Simla 105 Education- , Financial contributions • , 105 Effect of Non-Co-operation on 243, 244 Fiscal Commission 130, 131, 132, European. • • . 248, 249 133, 134, 138, 265 Female ~ 1 248, 249 Fisca.l Commission Report 131, 132 Intermediate • . . 238 Criticisms on • • • 132, 133 Ministers of • 236, 246, 250 Government attitude towards • 133 Muhammadan ~ 249 Minute of dissent , , 131, 132 National • • , • • 244 Fiscal Policy 130, 133, 134, 293, Primary • ~ • • 236, 237 294,296 Provincialised, Some tendencies Fiscal Problem . • 247 in . 245,246 Fisheries 170, 175, 176, 177 Secondary 237, 238 Flour 125 Technical , 250, 251 Fodder • , , . 157 Educational Council • 246 Food, Removal of restrictions on 195 Educa.tional Department • 236 Food grains . • • • 125 Educa.tional Expenditure 240, 241 Foodstuffs, Situation regarding • 193, Educa.tional Progiess • 233, 234 194, 195 Egyptian clover • 157 Forest Department 171, 17~ Electoral Act • • • • 10 Forest Engineering • • . 173 Emigration, Powers of Indian Legis· FoN>st !Wsearoh Institute, Debra lature over • 10 Dun • 174, 175 Emigration Act, Indian . , 16 Forest Service 173 Empire 3, 7, 8, 9, ~o. 14, 17, 94, Forestation 171 254,297 Forests- Tsarist • • • . • 22 Destruction of . • 170 Empire Exhibition, Bet. British Exploitation of 173, 174 Empire Exhibition. Revenue from , , IO!l Enginooring, Schools of. . 250, 251 :Madras. . 171, 172 England 57, 73, 195, 209, 2ll.i, 234, 235 · Punjab • • 172, 173 Investment habit in • 119 United Provincl.'s , • . 172 Paymenta to , · • 102 France , 26, 27, 124, 125, 120, 232 Enver Pasha , 23, 24 InvCiltment habit in • 119 Eslrishahr • 25 FrankJ,in Bouillon agreement 26 PA.Glil. Frontier Government of India- . Indo-Afghan • 29 Efforts at retrenchment 110, 113; 114 North-Eastern • • 20 · Departments of, regrouping of · North-West . • 21,31 subjects dealt with in , • 136 Frontier Constabulary 32, 34,41 Government of India Act • 52, 63, 254, Fruit • · • • 156 284, 293, 297 Fund, Tilak Swaraj 262 Government's policy towards non· · . co·operation • • • 258, 259 Governor • • • • 53 G Governor-General. . 55, 94, 95,' 97 Governor-General in Council • • 16, 62 Gandhi, Mr. • 5, 76, 81, 94, 225, 229, Governor-General's Council . • 297 257, 261, 262, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, Great Britain • 2, 3, 19, 24, 26, 27, 272, 275, 276, 277, 278, 285, 287,289 281 30, 138, 144, 210, 296 Activities of . • 263. Great Britain and India . 130 and Civil Disobedience • 264 Great Indian Peninsula Railway • 183, and the Congress 257, 258 . 186,293 and education . • 244 Great Powers . 26 and Khilafat . • 253, 254 Great Queen, The . . 260 ·and Moplah outbreak 264, 265 Great War . 19, 20, 21, 35, 47 and Non Co-operation . 252, 253 Greece . • . • 25,26 and Reformed Constitution . 260 Royalist party in 25 and Swaraj 255, 256 GreekArmy . 25 Apotheosis of . 256 Greek Fleet , • · • 26 Arrest of • 271, 272 Greek High Commissioner in Difficulties of 26~ 263 Smyrna . • • 26 Followers of • • 277 Greeks . • 24, 25, 26, 27 Miscalculations of • . 268, 269 Gudem Hills 80 Opportunity of . . · 254, 255 Guiana, British . 17 Programme towards local bodies. 64, 65 . Gujarat . . 213, 227 Progress of . . 262 Guru-ka-Bagh 79, 92, 97, 282 on social reform· • 224 Gwalior . • . • • 148 Success or fa.iJure ? 298, 299 Agricultural Department of 159, 163 Zenith of 266, 267 . Gyantse · • . . . . 20 Gandhism . 283, 290 Ganges. . 166, 167 Ganges canal . 167 Gaya. . 147,225 H Gaya Congress • 289, 290 ,.,. Geddes Committee . . . 109 Hague Convention 232,233 · General Administration, Recom. Hailey, Sir Malcolni 294 mcndations of the Retrenchment Hardinge, Lord • · 52 Committee on · · 111 Hardware • • 122 General Staff . • 45 Harrington, General 27 Geological Survey of India 136 Hedjaz · • 28 Georgia : • • 22 Helmand . • • 31, 39 German colonies . 11 Hesla ChandU Railway 180 German dye • }54 Hides and skins . 124 German Engineers . • , 30 High Commissioners- Germany 24, 122, 123, 126, 127, 128, for Dominions • , . 102 129 for India . . • 102, 111, 142 Ghazni 29 for Smyrna, Greek • 26 Gilgit. • • . . 187 Himalayas • . 20 Glycerine, see Dynamite glycerine Hindley, Mr. C. D. M. , 182 Golden age • • • . · 289 Hindustan . • ''. cv ,. 21, 170 Gorakhpur . . 186 His Majesty's Government . 1, 3, 4, 15, Gour, Dr. H. S. . • . . 99 98, 138, 2,61, 270, 280, 297 . Government Central Press, Calcutta 139 Holberton, Sir E. 130 Gqvemment En~eering Colle~es 260, 261 Holy Pl~ces ~ ~ 279 350
P!GI. PAOI. Home charges 103 Indian National Congress 225,256, Home Member , • 97, 99,294 268,270 Hosha.ngaba.d • 147 Indian Navy • , 19, 20 House of Commons 1, 281 Indian Petroleum Aot 136 Hydera.ba.d • 163, 192, 212 Indian Railways • • • • 96 Indian Research Fund Association. 220 Indian States 140, 166, 212, 284 I Agricultural Engineering in • 159 (Protection against disaffection) Illiteracy, Problem of • 234, 235 Bill , 98, 284 Imperial Bacteriological Labor&.• Opium in , • 231 ·tory, Muktesar • • 161 India.n State Railways. , 100 Imperial Bank of India. 118, 119 Indian Storee Department 137, 138 Branches of • . 119, 120 Indian Territorial Force • 49, 50 Imperial Bank of India Act 118, 119 India.n Trade Commissioner . 141, 142 Imperial citizenship • • 3 Indian Wireless Telegraphy (Ship· Imperial Conferences • 3, 4, 5, 8, 95 ing) Act • • • • • · 189 · Imperial Department of Agricul- Indians- ture, Pusa. • . . • 149 abroad • . • 2, 3, 96 Imperial Indian Citizenship Asso- and mandated territories • 11,. 12 ciation of Bombay • , , 6,18 in the Dominions and Colonies 3, 4 Imperial Secretariat 266 Nautical training of • 135 Imports • • 120, 121, 122, 123 over-seas . , • , 292 Inchoa.pe, Lord • 51, 109, 110 over-seas and public opinion ·• 17, 18 Inohcape Committee 109; 110, 113, India's defence by land. • 20 139, 294 India's Naval Defenca • . • U,lD Report of. 191 Indigo growing • 154 India- Indo-Afghan Frontier 29 and the Commonwealth , 1 Indus • • • • 169 Invasion by Afghanista.n , 107 Industrial and Chemical Services • 143 Municipalities and Boards in 58, 59 Industrial Banks • 100 India Office • • 110, 111 Industrial Commission, Indian 135, 137, Maintenance oha.rge of 102 143, 174, 175 Indian Army • • 47, 48, 188 Report of • • 185 Indianiza.tion of .• 48, 49 Industrial development. 136 Reduction in • • • • 50, 51 Industrial exhibitions • • 141 Indian Central Cotton Committee , 153 Industrial Institute at Coonoor 144: Indian Civil Service • • , 279 Industries- Indian Civil Veterinary Department 161 And the State • • • 135, 136 Indian Explosives Aot • • • 136 Co-operation between the central Indian Factories Act , 136, 207 and provincial departments Indian Finances • • 105, 107 of • • • • 142, 143 Gilnera.l conditions of • 102 Provincial departments of • 143, 14:4, Indian fiscal problem • , 24:7 145, 146, 147, 148 Indian Industrial Commission 135, Industries and Labour, Activities of 137, 143 the Department of • 136, 137, 138,139 Indian Industries 96 Infantile mortality • • 221 Indian Irrigation Commission • 164 Imies, The Hon'ble Mr. C. A. 134 Indian Legislature 14, 16, 18, 47, International Labour • • • 210 55, 181, 184 International Labour Conference 206,210 Powers of, over emigration 16 International Labour Office • , 1, 210 Resolution in , • • 97, 98 International Labour Organization. 210 September seasion • • 105 Interna.tional Opium Convention . 231 Bee also Central Lgisla.ture. Investment habit in India., Engla.nd Indian Mercantile Marine 134, 135 and Fra.noe 119 Committe e on • 135 Iron and Steel • • 122 Indian Meteorological Department 191 Irriga.tion • • , 136, 163, 164 Indian Military College 265 Future programme of 169 :mdian Mines Ao' 136 lnsJleotor.Genera.l ot , l67 :atn
PAGI. PA.Glll. lrrigation-oontd. K.ha.jni : • . • a6 Revenue from • 103 K.halifa • . • • • . 28 Triennial review of • 163 K.halifate, Vaticanization of ·, 28, '297 Under the Reforms • , 165, 166 Khan of Khiva • . 22 Irrigation methods • • 164, 165 Kha.ndesh • 212 Irrigation · and Reclaimed Lands Kharaghoda 144 Act • • • 9 Kha.ra.gpur • 186 Islam a.nd Bolshevism • 23 Kha.rots • • • • 39 Islamic renaissance in Central Khassad.U.rs , 31, 35, 36, 37, 38, 46, 47 Asia • • • 21,22 Khewra Salt Mine • ; . 141 Italian prospectors • 30 Khilafat • 28, 257, 264, 266, 270, 271, ' Italy • 27, 124, 129 276, 288, 290 Punjab and Swaraj , • • 255 Khila.fa.t Committee · 258, 277, 278 J Khilafa.t Conference • · • 263 Khila.fat Movement .253, 254, 261 Jackson's Hybrid Coffee 155 Khila.fat Propaganda. • · 286 Jagatia • 148 Khila.fat Raj • • · 264 Jails • • • 81, 82 Khiva, Khan of • • • • · 22 Jails Committee • • • • 82, 83 Khyber • ; • • • 33, 34 Action on the recommendations IGng, His Ma.jesty the, Indian and of • • 83 European subjects'of. 99 Jala.l K.hel • • 36, 37 King Hussein • • 28 Jatnalpur • • 186 King's Commissions • 47,48 Jamia.t-ul-Ulema . • • • 290 Kisan Sa.bhas • 202 Ja.mnada.s Dwarkadas, Mr. 130, 131,260 IGstna district , • so Jamshedpur- · Koha.t 41 Metallurgical Inspectorate • 138 Korea 126 Tata. Iron and Steel Co. • , 209 Kotkai 46 Ja.ndola • • • • 38, 46. Ktimaun. 172 Japan , 123, 124, 126, 127,198,232 Kurnool 192 Java 121 Kurram' • 34 Jela.laba.d • 29 Kurra.m Militia , 34 Jha.nsi • • • • • 186 Kurram Valley , 34 Joint Select Committee (Parliamen- tary) .104, 105, 261 Jute • 123, 126 L Jute Growing lfi3, 154 Labour- Industrial 204, 205 Legislation 206, 207 K Welfare work • , 205,206 Labour .Office, Bombay, , 195 }(abul , 30,31 Lao • ·• , •• 125 Kaira. 144 La.dha.' t'· • .' 35, 36 Ka.meneft • • • 24 Lahore'' .. • • , • · 190 Kampala., township of • 15 Lahore Arts and Crafts Depot 146 Kampala Scheme 15 Land Revenue 103 Kanchrapa.ra • 186 La.ndi Khana • • • 33 }(anda.har • • , • • 29, 31 Lausanne Conference • • 27, 28, 287 Kandahar Province, Governor of • 31 La.w and Order • · 73 Karachi . • 189, 190, 263 Leafield • • • • • 189 Karanpura Coa.lfields , • 180 League of Nations lll5, 210, 232, 233 Kashmir 163, 190 Leather Trades Institute, Madras • 144 Kelat • • • . 40 Leather .Worldrig ~oh,gols, Cawn· Kenya . , 4, 12, 13, 14 pore • . • c • , 146 Governor of • 14 Legisla.tive Assembly 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 43, Indians in . • 12, 13, 14 45, 55, 56, 95, 96, 98, 105, 130,137. Keynes, Prof. J. M. • 130 141, 153,181,182, 185, 195, 207,.208, l\had .~ ' '·'" PAGE. PAGB. Legisla.tiV'e Assembly-contt:Z. Madras-oontd. ·Delhi Session, 1923 . • 99, 100, 101 High Court • • 208 Demands Retrenchment • • 109 Leather Trades Institute , 144 Discussion on N.-W. F. Province 43 Legislative Council • 239 On indigenous Mercantile Marine 135 Police • • • 73 On Salt Tax • • • • 115 Presidency , 151, 154, 192, 231 Legislative Councils • 8, 106, 169, 233 Trades School . 144 Legislature • • 278, 279, 287 University • • 239 Legislature, Central · 107, 139 Mahants , 274, 281, 282, 283 September Session • 105 Maharo.shtra 277, 278, 288 Leh • • 187 Mahaswa • • 212 Lenin 29 Mahsud country • • . 35,46 Lho.ssa. • • 20 Mahsuds • • 34, 35, 36, 37,46 Liberal Association • • • 225 Malabar • 81, 94, 264, 265, 286 Liberal Party • 267, 268, 269, :281, 2~5 Malabar rising 285 Policy of • 257 Malaya • 17 Lillooah •• 187 Government of 17 Liquors • • • • • 123 Malkana Raj puts 298 Lloyd George, Mr. 97, 280, 281, 284, 287 Malta . 28 Loans • , • , 117,118 Malwa • . • • . 231 Local Bodies and Non-Co-Opera. Mandated territories and Indians • 11.12 t10n , , , 64,65 1\fanpur Parganna 159 Local Self Government . . 56, 57 Mant, Mr. R. A. . 130 Experiment in • · • . . 61, 62 lllanzai . • 46 Lord Ripon's Resolution on . 57 lllarha tta Leaders. 277 New era in , , . • • 59, 60 Marhatta Nationalists • 258 Review of provincial activities Marine- in • 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 Indian 111eroantile 134,135 London , , , 30, 155 Royal Indian 19 India's commitments j.n 102 1\fartial Law 94 Loralai , , 39 Masses- Lower Ganges Canal • 166 Awakening of • • 202,203 Luoknow •. •. 89, 186, 278 Condition of . .195, 196, 197, 198 Central Emporium • 145 Some causes of poverty of. 198, 199 School of Arts and Crafts •. 145 200, 201, 202 Technical School 146 Mauritius • 17, 121 Lucknow University 239 Government of • • • 17 Luxury Taxes 107 Meerut Leather Working School , 146 Meeting of Prime Ministers and Re. presentatives of United Kingdom, Dominions and India 7, 8 Machinery •. . • . . 121 Mekran . 40 Mo.drllS. •• 50, 54, 58, 59, 80, 84,86, 154, Governor of • • • 40 155, 156, 157' 158, 162, 165, 166, Mercantile Marine, Indian 134, 135 . . 169, 189, 223, 227, 241,263 Committee on • 135 Condition of mo.sses in 197 Mesopotamia • • 156 Co-operation in.. • • . 214 llleston Committee • • 103, 104 Department of Industries • 143, 144 Metallurgical Inapectorate,Jamshedpur 1:18 Fisheries in . 17 6 Meteorology • • , . 1311 Forests in • • • 171, 172 Mian Gul of Swat.. , 33 Legislation .in • • . • 87 Middle Ellllt 21, 22, 32 Review of Local Self-Government lllidua pore • • 192 in ' • • • . . 69,70 Military Police • • 20, 73 Statistical branch of the Depart. MiU lnclustrv, Cotton 112 ment of Agriculture • • 197 Milner, Lord IIi and Southern Marhatta Rail· lllineral Oils • • 123 way , • 186 llline.s Act. Indian. . 100, 136 Children's Act • 83 :Mines and Geology School . 137 Contributions • 105 :Mines Bill • , • 207, 210 PAGE. FAOE. Mining Rules, Revision of . ~ 139 Nationill Education , , , 244 Ministers, Inclian . • 53, 54, 272, 279 National Liberal Federation • 292, 293 Ministers of Educa.tion . 236, 246, 250 National Pact , 24 Minor Industries . , 174 National Volunteers 258,267 Moghwl Emperors 170 Nationalists 277 1\fohnlands • , • 34 Nauru · • , ' 11 1\Iohurrmli. riot~! · , 287, 297 Nautical College • . • • i~ Mongmao , : , . , . .20 Nava1 Defence, India's • 18, 19 1\Iontagu, The Right :tlon'ble E. S. 1, 272 Navy, Indian • 19, 20 Resignatioo of • • . . . 94 Nawab of Dir • 33 Montagu-Chelmaford Reforms 43, 52, 55, Near East • • • 24, 27 56, 103, 130, 136,· 239, 259, 277, 292 Near Eastern imbroglio 25 1\Iontagu-Chelmsford Report • 254 · Near Eastern situation • • 97 Mookerjee, Sir Rajendra. . 109 Nehru, Panclit Motilal .288, 289, 290 Moplah rebellion . 264, 286 Newfounclland •, 4 l\Ioplahs • . • 285 New Guinea. • • 11 1\Iorley-l\Iinto Reforms • • • 254 New Zealand · , • 4, 8, 9, 12, 139 1\loscow 22, 23, 29, 30 New Zcala.nd Government • • 9 1\Iosul • 27 New Zealand Immigration Restric- Motor car . 123 tion (Amendment) Act • . • 9 Motor cycle 123 Non-Brahmin Party in Madras l\Ioulmein • . 189 Council • • 54 Mudania • . • 27, 28, 287 Non-co-operation . . 76 Muhammadan Education . . 249 and temperance , • 228, 220 l\1uktesar Imperial Bacteriological Causes of decline of • 272, 273, 274, 275 Laboratory . 161 Conclition of • • • 285 Mullagori • 34 Effect of, on education 243, 244 1\lultan . 67, 297 Effect of, on Police • • • 76 Multan Riots , • • 80, 92, 297 Government's policy towards 258, 259 Municipal franchise in Natal . 5 movement • 94 Municipalities, Work o£ . . 58 Origin of • 252, 253 Municipalities aild Boards in Inclia li!l, 59 Results of. • • • 261, 262 Murray, Sir Alexander • 109 N on-co-operatol'll and local boclies , 64, 65 Muse .• . • • 20 North Eastern Frontier· , • 20 Muslim Universit.y, Aligarh • . 249 North Hsenwi Shan State • 20 Mussalmans, Unpopularity of Russia North-West Frontier • • • 21, 31 with . • • . . 23,24 North-West Frontier Proble!ll • 263 Mustn.pha Kemal Pasha 24, 25, 28, 286 North West Frontier Province 40, 41, 43, Muttra • .• • • !!98 44, 156; 240, 241, 286 Mysore . . • • 212 Raiding in • • , • 41, 42, 43 l\iysore Agricultural Department 163 Review of. Local Self-Government in • • • 68, 69 N Territorials in • · • 50 Nagpur . .• .. 225, 292 North-We~tern Railway • 186 , Centrall\Jnsewn 147 Northern India • • , 140, 141 , Univen01itv 239 Northern India Salt Revt~nue De· Nankano, Sahib •• . • 274 partment • , 140 Narottam Mornrjee, Mr. 130, 131 Northrrn Shan StnteB • 20 Natal. • . • • 5, 127 Nyassnlnnd 14 Indian Congress • II Politiral franchiRe in 5 0 Ordinances. • . (l Rural Dealers' Licensing Ordi· O'Donnell Circular 280 nance • • . 6 O'Dwyet·, Sir Michael· ,c rr. • 200 Nation-building Departments • 104: Oilseeds 124, 125 National Association for supplying Opinm- female medical aid to the women .Export of. • , 232 of lnclia • • 221 Government Control of 23()11 National Defence • 47, 48 Revenue from , ·. , ·lOS PA.Ol!l. • PAiUII. ·Orakzais • , • , 34 Prince of Walrs' RoyalJbdian Mili- Ora.nge River Province, Asiatic Im- tary College, Debra Dun , • 48 migrationin , 5 Princes' Protection Bill. 98,284 Ordinances, Natal 6 Printing • • • • 138, 139 Oudh • , • 167! Printing Press (Government), Oudh Tenancy Act , • 203 Calcutta. , • • • . 139 Overseas Trade, Department of, Problem of illiteracy 234, 235 London • • • 141 Proclamations, Royal 281 Oxford 189 Protection, Scheme of • • . 130 Provincial Congress Committee 271, 275 p Provincial contributions • 104, 105 Provincial Finances • . 104, 106 Panchayat System, Revival of • 62 Provincial Legislative Councils 242, 245, Paris . , , , • 26, 27, 30 272 Parliament. • • 52 Working of 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 Passport Regulations . , • 9 Provincialsubjects • . . 53 Patents proteetion 139, 140 Public Health Departments, Local. 219 Patbans • • 36,46 Public opinion and In PAGE. Racial Distinctions Bill. 99 Reformed constitution-contd. Rae Bareli • 167 And ?lfr. Gandhi 26(). Rahimtoola, Sir Ibrahim . 130, 131 Reformed Councile • • • 29(). Raiding in North-West Frontier Reforms, Montagu-Chelm.Sford 2, 52, 53, Province • 41, 42, 43 101, 103, 105, 106, 130, 136, 272, 279. Railway Board 1S2 281,297 Railway Committee • • 1S1, 182 Achievements of 265,266 Railway plant, etc. • • • 122 Reforms, Morley-Minto 254 Railway Services, India.niza.tion of 1S5, 186 Reforms Despatch 29a Railway stores • • • 13S, 1S5 Reforms Scheme • 2S1 Railway Stores Committee • . 13S Regulations, Passport • · • .9 Railways • . • 17S, 179,1SO, 181 Released Prisoners' Aid Societies 841 Railways, Central Advisory Council 1S5' Report(s)- And the Public • • 1SO, 1S1 Acworth • • • • 1S4 Bengal Nagpur 180, 186 Civil Disobedience Enguiry 276 East Indian • 1S2, 183, 293 Monta.gu·Chelmsford · • 254 Great Indian Peninsula. 1S3, 293 Repressive Legislation . , 265 Income during 1922-23 113 Reserved Subjects 53 Management of. • 294 Resolution, Reciprocity 3 Overcrowding on • • . 1S3, 184 Responsible Government • 1, 2, a Recommendations of the. Re- Retrenchment. • • • • 109 trenchment Committee • 111 Retrenchment, deputation to H. E. Revenue from • , 103 the Viceroy • • • • 110 State va. Company management 182, 1S3 Retrenchment Committee 51, 109, 110, Talchar Coal-fields • • 1SO 113,137 Third class passengers 184, 185 Reportof • • , 110, 111, 136 Rajgopalaoharia.r, Mr. • 289 Revenue, centralization of 103 Rajputa.na, Salt from • 140, 141 Reverse Councils • 95 Ra.jsha.hi • • • 192 Rhodes, Sir C. W. 13(). Raila Ram, Rai Ba.hadur 193 Rhodesia. • · • • 14 Rampa Sub-Division • • SO Rice, Situation regarding 194 Rangaoha.riar, Rao Ba.hadur T. • 44 Rice growing- Rangoon • · 50, 58, 63, 1S9, 190, 239 in Bengal 149, 150 Ranjit Singh, Maharaja. 275 in Burma. • • 149 Rates Tribunal • • 182 in Central Provinces , 149, 150 Rawlinson, Lord • 48 in Madras Presidency 150 see alBo Commander-in-Chief. Riots, Communal so Raza • • SO Ripon, Lord • • 57,60 Razma.k 37, 3S, 46, 47 Robertson, Sir Benjamin 5 Razmak Pass 37 Robin Hood · 78 Razmak Road 37 Rogers, Sir Leonard 220 Reading, Lady • • · • • 221 Rohilkhand 167 Scheme for training Indian Rome 30 Nurses and La P.a.G:m. PA.GB. Russian' Consula.tes 29 S~ Aiyar, Mr. T. V. • 130; 131 Russian Federation 22 Seve. S&dan, Poona 206,221,227, 247, 249 Russian Turkistan • • • 22 Sevres, Treaty of 25, 203, 261, 270 Russian tyranny, reaction against , 23 Shaftal • • . • • 157 ~nsso-Afghan Treaty • • • 29 Shahjui • • • • • Sl, 39 Shan States, North Hsenwi • · 20 North ~ • • ·• 20 Shla • • • • 253 s Shipping, Indian • • • 134, 135 Sikh Empire • • • • 275 Salt • • • • • • 140 Sikh Gurdwaraa and Shrines Bill 93 Salt Revenue Department, Northern Sikh Soldier • . • 1$ India • • • • •. 140 Sikhs • 34, 274 Salt tax • . • 115, 295 Sikhs, Aka.li •. 79 Salvation Army • • . 226 Silk .•. · · ,. .• . 123 Samald&.ll, MJ.:. La.Iubhe.i .. • 135 Simla • · • · ,. • . . • 97, 283 Se.marth, Mr. N. M. 12, 4.4, 266, 294: Simla Financial Conference , ~ : .105 .Sambhar,NewSaltWorkeat. 141 Sind 140, 141, .165, 166, 169. Samoa, Westem • 11 Sistan • • . 31 Samsun • • • . 26 Smuts, General • • • 5 Sandemann, Sir Robert . , 38, 46 Smyrna • 24, 26, 27, 270 Sandhurst • • • • • 265 Social Reform • 221, 222, 223, 224 &ndh111'11t, Royal Military College ~ 48 and Political Movement 225 • Sangroba • • . • . • •. 34. Social Service League 247 Sanitation • • 217, 218, 219, 220, ·221 Bengal ~ • 227 Sanitation, Difficulties of. 218, 219 · Bombay • 227 Sapru, Sir Tej Ba.hadur 294, 296 Societies- Sara.rogha. • • 46 Christian Missionary . . 223, 229 Sarda. • 166, 167 J;>oona Seva Sadin 206,221,227, 247, 249 Canal • • • 15!, 166 Servants of India 205, 227 Ganges Jumna.Feeder 167 Soil Surveys . • • • . 157 Kichha. Canal • • 166 South Africa 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, 127, 139, Kichha Feeder • 166, 167 252 Oudh Canal 167 Commission to enquire into Sa.rhad • • •40 Aei&tios trading and holding Bassoon, Mr. E. D. • • • . 295 Iandin • • • • 6 Sa.'ltri, the Rt. Ron. Srinivasa 8, 9, 10, 292 H. E the Governor Geners.l of • 6 Mission of . 7, 8, 10, ll Unionof. • • · 11 Saugor • • 147 South African Government ll, 6 Savannah grass • 174 South America • 123 Sawekai • • • . 38 South Indian States 155 School of Engineering , • 200, 251 South West Africa 11 School of Tropical Medicine, Soviet • • 291 Bombay •· ·• , . • • 220 Soviet Esploitation • 22 School of Tropical Medicine and Soviet Government • 24, 28 Hygiene • • • 220 Soviet Russia 22 Secondary Education • 237, 23S Govemuient of • 22 Secretariat, Imperial • • • 266 Spinchilla • • 35, 36 Secretary of State for India • 26, 52, 94, Srinagar • • • • • 190 105, 130, 137, 165, 167, 168, 169, 182, Sriromoni Gurdwara Prabandhak 189, 293 Committee • • • 274, 282 Seditious Meetings Act 267, 278 Standing Immigration Committee • 16, 17 Self-Governing Dominions . 3, 4, 5 Standing Finance Committee. • 142 Senegal • • • . 125 Statuts Book 261, 272 Servants of India Society • 205, 227 Steem Boilers 139 Services • 278, 279, 280, 281 Sterling loan • 118 British Civil 280, 281 Stores, Government- Indian Civil • • • 279 payment for • l 02 Indiani1.ation of 278, 279, 280. 281 purchase of 137, 138 357 . ~~, ~&· Stores Committee; • • • 137 Tobacco growing • • • 154, 155 :Stores Department, Tochi. • ·. • • 36, 37, 38, 46, 47 JJU Indian Stores Department. Tochi Wazira ·-' 38 .Stores . Pure• Department. Tolstoy, Count • · • • 252 United Provinces 145 Town dwellers • • . 203, 204 ,Straits, The ·• • 26 Tractor cultivation 161, 162 Straits Settlements , • • 15,. 16 Trade- • . Migration of unskilled labour to ·• 15 Balance of • 128, 129, 130 .Strikes. • , • , . 209, 210 Direction of • 125, 126, 127, 128 . Sugar • • • 121 In 1921-22 • • • 120 Cultivation of • 151, 152 Commissioner, Indian • 141, 142 Bureau. Pusa. ~ . • • 151 Convention with Afghanistan 30 Research Institute- , . • .-· · 151 School, Madras. · 144 .Su~ Barrage .·• • · :. • · 169 Unions • , • 208 .SulemanKhel ofNimgrahar. • 34,39 Trans-Caucasia • 22 'Sultan,; T.urkish ·•. 28 Transferred subjects . , 53 -,Sunni • · · • • • 252 Transvaal • • • 5 -Surplus Stores Organization • 138 British Indian Association 6 SJt!;lej • . • • 168 Provincial Court 5 Valley Canal • • • • 168 Treasury Bills _109 .Swaraj · • 255, 263, 265, 268, 290 Treaty- Flag 64 Between _ Great Britain and Party • • .290 . Afghanistan • 29 Swat, Mian Gul of 33 Russo-Afghan. • • . • • 29 Treaty of Sevres • 253, 261, 270 Triple boycott .. 256 T Tsarist Empire . 22 Turi • • • • 34 'Ta.lchar Coalfields Railway • ISO Turkey 23, 24, 28, 129, 232, Tanganyika • • , 14, 15 263,270 Position of Indians in • 14, 15 And the Allies • - • 21,27 'Tanur • 176 and Russia • 25 Tarift, the • , • • • 130 Turkish Armies , 27 Tariff Board , 131; 132, 134, 293 Turkish Empire • 297 'Tata Iron and Steel Co., Jamshed •. Turkish Government • 28 pur .• • 209 Turkish Nationalist Forces , , 26 'Taxes, on luxuries • 107 Turkish Nationalists, Struggle and Tea • • • 125, 155, 156 trimnph of • • • 26, 27 'Technical Education • • 250, 251 Turkish Settlement ·, ' 286 'Technological Institute, United Turkish Sultan , 28 · Provinces, Cawnpore • 146 Turkish Victories 286 'Teheran • • • • 30, 34 Turkistan , , 22 Telegraph Branch , 188, 189 Turkista.n, Russian 22 'Telegraph Department, recom- mendations of the Retrench- ment Committee • • • 111 u '" a!ao Posts and Telegraphs Department Uganda • • • 13, 14, 15 'Telephones • • . 189, 190 Position of Indians in • 14, 15 Te~tor!&l Force.. . • • · .47, 296 Under Secretary of State for India 281 'Temtonal orgarusat1on ; • 265 Union Government • • 5, 6, 7 Test House (Government), Alipore • 138 United Kingdom • 98, 121, 122, Third International 24 123, 124, 125, 126, 127' 132, 139, Thrace • •. 26 r 196 Eastern • 27 United Provinces • 62, 86, 78, 79, Ottoman • 270 140, 141, 157, 158, 162, 165, 166, Tibet • • • , 20 209, 227, 236, 240, 241, 263, 269 Tilak, late Mr. B. G. 258, 277 Central Wood Working Institute 146 'Tilak Swaraj Fund 262 Co-operation in .- 214, 215 358 P.a.os. United ProvinCflSo-(IOnfd. p·.:&GB., Department of Ind118tries 141i, 146 1 · DiStrict Boards Bill • • 60 Wadhwan , 298 Forests in • • • , 172 Wales • • • • 73, 234 Legislation in • • · • • 87 Wales, His. Royal Highness the Legislative CoUDcll, Achieve- . Prince of 260, 265, 266, 269, 272 mente of • • 88, 89, 90, 91 Wana. , 36, 38,47 Local SeU Government in • 60 IWana Fort;. 31 Minor Industries in • 174 Wana. line • , 36 Municipe.lities Ac\l • 60 Wana. Wa.zirs • 35, 38 Police • • • • • 73 War • • 222, 280 Release of political prisonem in 86 Wazirs • • 31, 34, 35, 37, 39' Review of LOcal Self-Government Wa?iristan • 31, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41i, 46, 47 in • • • • • 66, 67 Central • • 35 Stores Purchase Deparliment 141i Expenditure on • • • 51 Sugar Cultivation • · · •. · 151 Military expenditure for • 113, 114 Technological Institute 146 Norlihern , • • • 35 Territorials in • 49 Recent developments in • . 37, 38 Weaving Schools • • 146 Weaving BChoola, United Provinces 14(); United States, Bee America. • Webb, Sir Montagu 130, 295 Univemities 238, 239 Western Australia 9 British • 279 Indians in • • 8 University-. Western Jumna Canal • 167 Aligarh .., 239 Western Samoa. • U Aligarh Muslim 249 Wheat • • • • 122 Bombay • 239 Sitnation regarding • 193, 195 Calcutta • 239 in Central Provinces • • • 150 Dacca · 239 in Norlih-West Frontier Province 150, 'Delhi 239 151 Luoknow 239 in the PUDjab • 150 . Madras • 239 in Pnsa • • • 150 · Nagpur • 239 in United Provinces • 150 . Punjab • 239 White Australia Policy (. Univemity extension • 247 I White Slaw Traffic 100 Upland region of Natal 5 Whitley Committee • 209 I Wmdsor, Royal Honse of 260 I Winterton, LOrd • 281 i Wireless • • 189 v 1 Wool, Raw" • • • • 125 Working Committee. Congress 275,276 Venizelos • • 25 Workmen's Compensation Act • 208 Versailles, Treaty of • • 210 Workmen's Compensation Bill 207, 208 Veterinary work • • • • 161 World War , 1, 254 Viceroy, His Excellency the • 97, 100, 116, 181, 284, 295 Certification by • • • 100 y receives deputation on the neces· , 1 sity of retrenchment 110 ! Y. M. C. A. • • • 229, 247 ViceroY's Commission • • • 47 i Young Women's Christian A.saocia- Vija.ya.ra.gha.va.oharya., Diwa.n tion. • • • • • (249 Ba.ha.dur T. • , , • 142 ! Ynsafza.ia • • • • • 33 Village SeU.Govemment, difficul. I ties of • • • • , 62, 63 i Vincent, The Hon'ble Sir William 94:, 294: 1 Viza.gapa.ta.m • • • • SO z Volonteer movement • • 266, 268 .• Volunteer organizations 268, 269, 278 Zakha Khel Afridia 33 Volunteers, Congress . • • 258 Zanzibar 126 National • ' , 258, 267 Zhob • 39 ~ . . CALCUTI'At : pJilli'J.'ID 8t' BUPM'. OOV1'. PJIDI'l'INO, tlfDlA, 8, RASTINill.! I'TRF.'ET. l(I '