Vector Within-Host Feeding Preference Mediates Transmission of a Heterogeneously Distributed Pathogen
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Evidence for Noncirculative Transmission of Pierce's Disease Bacterium by Sharpshooter Leafhoppers
Vector Relations Evidence for Noncirculative Transmission of Pierce's Disease Bacterium by Sharpshooter Leafhoppers Alexander H. Purcell and Allan Finlay Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 94720. The California Table Grape Commission and the Napa Valley Viticultural Research Fund supported this work in part. We thank Dennis Larsen for technical assistance. Accepted for publication 10 October 1978. ABSTRACT PURCELL, A. H., and A. H. FINLAY. 1979. Evidence for noncirculative transmission of Pierce's disease bacterium by sharpshooter leafhoppers. Phytopathology 69:393-395. Half of the leafhoppers (Graphocephalaatropunctata) allowed acquisi- which was in close agreement with estimates for which no latent period was tion access on grapevines affected with Pierce's disease (PD) became assumed. Neither G. atropunctatanor Draeculacephalaminerva retained infective within 2.0 hr, and there was no significant increase inacquisition infectivity after molting. The loss of infectivity after molting and lack of a beyond 24 hr. The median inoculation access period was 3.9 hr. Three of 34 latent period suggest a noncirculative mechanism of transmission of the P[) (9%) insects transmitted after I hr each for acquisition and for inoculation, bacterium by leafhoppers. Additional key words: Hordnia, Graphocephala, Draeculacephala,lucerne dwarf, alfalfa dwarf, almond leaf scorch, rickettsia-like bacteria, stylet-borne. Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevines usually is lethal to grapevines Princeton, NJ 08540) 25% WP in water at recommended rates and (Vitis vinifera); periodically it has caused serious losses to the held in a heated greenhouse. Symptoms of PD normally appeared California grape industry and it has precluded successful after 10-14 wk. Grapevines without symptoms of PD for 22-25 wk production of bunch grapes in the southeastern USA (5). -
The Leafhoppers of Minnesota
Technical Bulletin 155 June 1942 The Leafhoppers of Minnesota Homoptera: Cicadellidae JOHN T. MEDLER Division of Entomology and Economic Zoology University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station The Leafhoppers of Minnesota Homoptera: Cicadellidae JOHN T. MEDLER Division of Entomology and Economic Zoology University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Accepted for publication June 19, 1942 CONTENTS Page Introduction 3 Acknowledgments 3 Sources of material 4 Systematic treatment 4 Eurymelinae 6 Macropsinae 12 Agalliinae 22 Bythoscopinae 25 Penthimiinae 26 Gyponinae 26 Ledrinae 31 Amblycephalinae 31 Evacanthinae 37 Aphrodinae 38 Dorydiinae 40 Jassinae 43 Athysaninae 43 Balcluthinae 120 Cicadellinae 122 Literature cited 163 Plates 171 Index of plant names 190 Index of leafhopper names 190 2M-6-42 The Leafhoppers of Minnesota John T. Medler INTRODUCTION HIS bulletin attempts to present as accurate and complete a T guide to the leafhoppers of Minnesota as possible within the limits of the material available for study. It is realized that cer- tain groups could not be treated completely because of the lack of available material. Nevertheless, it is hoped that in its present form this treatise will serve as a convenient and useful manual for the systematic and economic worker concerned with the forms of the upper Mississippi Valley. In all cases a reference to the original description of the species and genus is given. Keys are included for the separation of species, genera, and supergeneric groups. In addition to the keys a brief diagnostic description of the important characters of each species is given. Extended descriptions or long lists of references have been omitted since citations to this literature are available from other sources if ac- tually needed (Van Duzee, 1917). -
EPPO Reporting Service
ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ET MEDITERRANEENNE PLANT PROTECTION POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service NO. 09 PARIS, 2014-09-01 CONTENTS _______________________________________________________________________ Pests & Diseases 2014/158 - New additions to the EPPO A1 and A2 Lists 2014/159 - PQR - the EPPO database on quarantine pests: new update 2014/160 - EPPO Global Database has just been launched (https://gd.eppo.int/) 2014/161 - Megacopta cribraria is an emerging pest of soybean in the USA: addition to the EPPO Alert List 2014/162 - Interception of Callidiellum villosulum in Malta 2014/163 - A new disease of coast live oaks (Quercus agrifolia) in California (US) is associated with Geosmithia pallida and Pseudopityophthorus pubipennis 2014/164 - First report of Globodera pallida in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2014/165 - First report of Xanthomonas fragariae in Mexico 2014/166 - Studies on olive (Olea europaea) as a host of Xylella fastidiosa in California (US) 2014/167 - First reports of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in Guadeloupe and Martinique 2014/168 - Tomato apical stunt viroid detected on tomatoes in Italy 2014/169 - Survey on Potato spindle tuber viroid and Tomato apical stunt viroid in ornamental plants in Croatia. 2014/170 - First report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 in Jordan 2014/171 - New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List CONTENTS ___________________________________________________________________________ Invasive Plants 2014/172 -
The Leafhopper Vectors of Phytopathogenic Viruses (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) Taxonomy, Biology, and Virus Transmission
/«' THE LEAFHOPPER VECTORS OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC VIRUSES (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) TAXONOMY, BIOLOGY, AND VIRUS TRANSMISSION Technical Bulletin No. 1382 Agricultural Research Service UMTED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals gave valuable assistance in the preparation of this work, for which I am deeply grateful. I am especially indebted to Miss Julianne Rolfe for dissecting and preparing numerous specimens for study and for recording data from the literature on the subject matter. Sincere appreciation is expressed to James P. Kramer, U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., for providing the bulk of material for study, for allowing access to type speci- mens, and for many helpful suggestions. I am also grateful to William J. Knight, British Museum (Natural History), London, for loan of valuable specimens, for comparing type material, and for giving much useful information regarding the taxonomy of many important species. I am also grateful to the following persons who allowed me to examine and study type specimens: René Beique, Laval Univer- sity, Ste. Foy, Quebec; George W. Byers, University of Kansas, Lawrence; Dwight M. DeLong and Paul H. Freytag, Ohio State University, Columbus; Jean L. LaiFoon, Iowa State University, Ames; and S. L. Tuxen, Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Co- penhagen, Denmark. To the following individuals who provided additional valuable material for study, I give my sincere thanks: E. W. Anthon, Tree Fruit Experiment Station, Wenatchee, Wash.; L. M. Black, Uni- versity of Illinois, Urbana; W. E. China, British Museum (Natu- ral History), London; L. N. Chiykowski, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa ; G. H. L. Dicker, East Mailing Research Sta- tion, Kent, England; J. -
Crop Profile for Grapes (Wine) in California
Crop Profile for Grapes (Wine) in California Prepared: November 1999 Revised: February 2002 General Production Information ● Production. California produces 90% of the grapes grown in the United States and 7.7 % of grapes grown in the world (5,6). California is ranked number one in production of wine, table, and raisin grapes in the United States. California supplies 81% of the nation's crushed grape production (5). California produces 52% of the grape concentrate produced in the United States (5). ● Estimated bearing grape acreage in California in 2000 was 955,000 acres, of which 568,000 (59.5%) were wine grapes. In addition, in 2000 production from approximately 37,000 acres of Thompson Seedless, which is a raisin variety, were crushed for wine and concentrate. Non-bearing wine grape acreages was estimated at 110,000 acres. About 42% of the bearing wine grape acreage is in the southern San Joaquin Valley, 18% is in the northern interior Sacramento Valley, Delta and Foothills), 22% is on the North Coast and 17% is on the Central and South Coast. Organic growing acreage accounts for about 1.5% of the total grape growing acreage, though this acreage is increasing (California Certified Organic Farmers, personal communication). ● Ranking. Grapes (wine, table and raisin) are California's number one-ranked crop in dollar value, and the number two- ranked commodity in dollar value, following dairy production. In 2000, California’s wine grape crush was 3,951,185 tons, valued at about $2 billion. ● Varieties. Chardonnay accounted for 16.5% of the crush, followed by Thompson Seedless with 12.4%, French Colombard with 11%, Zinfandel with 10.2%, Cabernet Sauvignon with 9.1%, Merlot with 7.7%, Chenin Blanc with 3.8%, Rubired with 3.4%, Barbera with 3%, Grenache with 2.8% and all other varieties with 20.1% ● Growing Regions. -
Auchenorrhyncha Monitoring and Proposal of Management Measures for Potential Pests on Peach Orchards in Beira Interior Region
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL Auchenorrhyncha monitoring and proposal of management measures for potential pests on peach orchards in Beira Interior region Patrícia Monteiro Nascimento Mestrado em Biologia Humana e Ambiente Dissertação orientada por: Prof. Doutora Maria Teresa Rebelo (FCUL) 2020 Agradecimentos/ Acknowledgments ▪ à Professora Teresa Rebelo pela orientação, constante disponibilidade e boa disposição, por esclarecer as minhas dúvidas e por todas as sugestões, conselhos e revisões da tese; ▪ à Mestre Carina Neto por toda a ajuda na identificação dos insectos, pelos conselhos dados e por esclarecer as minhas dúvidas; ▪ a Joaquim Martins Duarte & Filhos, Lda por ter permitido a colocação das placas nos seus pomares para a amostragem e construção do presente trabalho; ▪ à Engenheira Anabela Barateiro pela recolha e envio de amostras, disponibilização de informação dos pomares e dados meteorológicos da região; ▪ ao Professor José Pereira Coutinho pelo envio de amostras e disponibilização de fotografias dos pomares e informação; ▪ à Unidade de Microscopia da FCUL que faz parte da Plataforma Portuguesa de Bioimaging (PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122) por ter disponibilizado o equipamento necessário para a aquisição de imagens dos insectos; ▪ à minha mãe, por toda a paciência, carinho, compreensão e apoio incondicional; ▪ às minhas amigas Inês Alves, Margarida Castelão e Catarina Ramos pela partilha da fase académica, pela companhia e pelas visitas, e à minha amiga Joana Cotrim por todo o apoio, paciência e companhia ao longo desta etapa. i Abstract The Auchenorrhyncha suborder comprises several species considered to be pests of economically important crops whether as a result of the direct damage caused by their feeding process or through some species ability to act as vectors for plant pathogens such as viruses and phytoplasmas. -
Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report
Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4 -
Homologies of the Head of Membracoidea Based on Nymphal Morphology with Notes on Other Groups of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera)
Eur. J. Entomol. 107: 597–613, 2010 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1571 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Homologies of the head of Membracoidea based on nymphal morphology with notes on other groups of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera) DMITRY A. DMITRIEV Illinois Natural History Survey, Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Hemiptera, Membracoidea, Cicadellidae, Cicadoidea, Cercopoidea, Fulgoroidea, head, morphology, ground plan Abstract. The ground plan and comparative morphology of the nymphal head of Membracoidea are presented with particular emphasis on the position of the clypeus, frons, epistomal suture, and ecdysial line. Differences in interpretation of the head structures in Auchenorrhyncha are discussed. Membracoidea head may vary more extensively than heads in any other group of insects. It is often modified by the development of an anterior carina, which apparently was gained and lost multiple times within Membracoidea. The main modifications of the head of Membracoidea and comparison of those changes with the head of other superfamilies of Auchenorrhyncha are described. INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS The general morphology of the insect head is relatively Dried and pinned specimens were studied under an Olympus well studied (Ferris, 1942, 1943, 1944; Cook, 1944; SZX12 microscope with SZX-DA drawing tube attachment. DuPorte, 1946; Snodgrass, 1947; Matsuda, 1965; Detailed study of internal structures and boundaries of sclerites Kukalová-Peck, 1985, 1987, 1991, 1992, 2008). There is based on examination of exuviae and specimens cleared in are also a few papers in which the hemipteran head is 5% KOH. -
A Review of LEAFHOPPERS of the GENUS DRAECULACEPHALA1
2 8 2 5 2 8 2 5 1.0 :; 11111 . 11111 . 1.0 :: 11111 . 11111 . I~ ~p.2 2.2 1~~1F2 I 2 W II 11>3 • a.: I~ .E m~ IIol 40 W I~ .0 :f:'" 9... I '" " I " 1.1 ...&;a.~t. 1.1 ...LoLa .. -- -- -- I -111111.25 111111.4 111111.6 111111.25 111111.4 111111.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATION.1L BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A NATIONAL aUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A 'C, REPEREN(~: ~ " DO NOT LOAN ; .. " ", A Review of ," ;.; LEAFHOPPERS \ , " , of the ~ ."!, GENUS .• DRAECULACEPHAL~A ~ 10 m ~ ~ c-. :''!j ""<A' .. C .;; " ,;, .. :2" ) i; ~ 1). '" 1" .... t:: -3 ..~ --'" l" te· d.... ? 0:c.c ,.hi t' ~ ~,.,... ~ '"'4 • Technical Bulletin No. 1198 Agricultul'al Research Service UNI, ~D STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE , l~ , (, • PREFACE This rf,'\'il'''" waf; Hlldertakl'll ill an efIort t'o prodUCl' a pmC'tieal ('Ia:;siiit'atinil fo[' the slll'des of tlw illlJ)ortllut and taxollolllielllly ditfieuJt genus nrllcCII/(I cell/I/l/II, The hasis (,f the work is pl'imarily 1I10l'phologi<:al, althollgh the llleager iliolngiCII I inforlllation 1I\'a ilabll' hllli ht'l'n lll.k('n into account. ~L'here is II gl'('a t Il('ed for :ulditi(lnal biological work, The n'('ent works of i\lillier on:;·I) and '1"I'ediani (lU;-H) (see Litemture Cited) '~lIlphasizc the 1.11.'1'<1 for cxpc;-illlental e\'iden('l' regar<iillg the litahilit,\' of often lu;nol' ditT('n'II('ps 11:;1'(\ h,\- tllX()(UlInistl-! for <lb;tillj.ruishinj.r ,;;pPI'ips, ~'he ditIl'I'I'lIl'I'S db;tillgllishillg" sppdl's of I)n/('('/I/II ('cP/w/(I are admittedlY slight., all(1 it i~ fretIllelltl~' dillipIII. -
Genome Sequence and Molecular
GENOME SEQUENCE AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Homalodisca coagulata virus-1, A NOVEL VIRUS DISCOVERED IN THE GLASSY- WINGED SHARPSHOOTER (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) By LAURA E. HUNNICUTT A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2005 Copyright 2005 by Laura E. Hunnicutt ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many people without whom effecting this thesis and the research described herein would not have been possible. I would first like to take the opportunity to thank my supervisory chair, Dr. Ron Cave. Dr. Cave was instrumental not only as an excellent instructor but also as a constant source of direction, support, and encouragement over the past two years. I would also like to thank the supplementary members of my committee including Dr. Chuck Powell for his approachability and insight regarding my thesis research as well as his adept critical review of the resultant journal manuscripts. I would like to extend a special thanks to Dr. Wayne Hunter who generously apportioned CRIS funds to finance this project and exposed me to a remarkably creative way of viewing science and scientific discovery. I am very appreciative to my colleagues at the USDA ARS U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory (Ft. Pierce, Florida) for providing an educational, and often entertaining, work environment. I would like to thank Matt Hentz for help with insect collection, Dr. Phat Dang for help with EST sequencing, Dr. Bob Shatters for helpful discussions pertaining to general molecular biology concepts/theorems, and Dr. Laura Boykin for providing critical assistance with phylogenetic analyses on this and other works. -
Almendra Paxtian, Lizeth.Pdf (1.973Mb)
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA AGRARIA ANTONIO NARRO SUBDIRECCIÓN DE POSGRADO Parasitismo, dinámica poblacional e identificación taxonómica y molecular de vectores potenciales de Xylella fastidiosa y Candidatus Phytoplasma sp. con énfasis en Cicadellidae en Parras, Coahuila, México. Tesis Que presenta Lizeth Almendra Paxtian como requisito parcial para obtener el Grado de DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS EN PARASITOLOGÍA AGRÍCOLA Saltillo, Coahuila, México Diciembre 2020 i Parasitismo, dinámica poblacional e identificación taxonómica y moleculvectores potenciales de Xylella fastidiosa y Candidatus Phytoplasma sp. con énfasis en Cicadellidae en Parras, Coahuila, México Tesis Elaborada por LIZETH ALMENDRA PAXTIAN como requisito parcial para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias en Parasitología Agrícola con la supervisión y aprobación del Comité de Asesoría Dr. Oswaldo García Martínez Asesor Principal Dr.Asesor: Sergio René Sánchez Peña Dra. Yisa María Ochoa Fuentes Asesor Asesora Dr. Oscar Ángel Sánchez Flores Dr. José Ángel Villarreal Quintanilla Asesor Asesor Dr. Marcelino Cabrera De la Fuente Subdirector de Postgrado UAAAN Saltillo, Coahuila Diciembre 2020 ii AGRADECIMIENTOS A la amada y divina presencia YO SOY, por su continúa asistencia en mi vida. A la Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, por darme todo el conocimiento y fortaleza para mi formación profesional. Al Dr. Oswaldo García Martínez, por todo su apoyo incondicional y su amistad y. asesoría para realizar esta investigación. Al Dr. Sergio René Sánchez Peña, por su increíble amistad, asesoría y disponibilidad de tiempo. A la Dra. Yisa María Ochoa Fuentes por su gran apoyo durante toda mi estancia en la universidad y asesoría para realizar esta investigación, Al Dr. Oscar Ángel Sánchez Flores por su amistad colaboración y asesoría por su colaboración y asesoría Al Dr. -
Context-Dependent Transmission of a Generalist Plant Pathogen: Host Species and Pathogen Strain Mediate Insect Vector Competence
DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00847.x Blackwell Publishing Ltd Context-dependent transmission of a generalist plant pathogen: host species and pathogen strain mediate insect vector competence João R. S. Lopes1, Matthew P. Daugherty2 & Rodrigo P. P. Almeida3* 1Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Zoology, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil, 2Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA, and 3Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Accepted: 23 February 2009 Key words: disease ecology, vector-borne, Pierce’s disease, sharpshooter, Xylella fastidiosa, transmission efficiency, grape, almond, alfalfa, Homalodisca vitripennis, Draeculacephala minerva, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Abstract The specificity of pathogen–vector–host interactions is an important element of disease epidemiology. For generalist pathogens, different pathogen strains, vector species, or host species may all contribute to variability in disease incidence. One such pathogen is Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., a xylem-limited bacterium that infects dozens of crop, ornamental, and native plants in the USA. This pathogen also has a diverse vector complex and multiple biologically distinct strains. We studied the implications of diversity in this pathogen–vector–host system, by quantifying variability in transmission efficiency of different X. fastidiosa strains (isolates from almond and grape genetic groups) for different host plants (grape, almond, and alfalfa) by two of the most important vectors in California: glassy-winged sharpshooter [Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar)] and green sharpshooter (Draeculacephala minerva Ball) (both Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Transmission of isolates of the almond strain by H. vitripennis did not differ significantly, whereas transmission varied significantly among isolates from the grape strain (15–90%).