A Review of the Literature Relevant to the Monitoring of Regulated Plant Health Pests in Europe

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Review of the Literature Relevant to the Monitoring of Regulated Plant Health Pests in Europe 13_EWG_ISPM6_2015_Sep Agenda item 4.2 Appendix C to Supporting Publications 2014-EN-676 Appendix C to the final report on: Plant health surveys for the EU territory: an analysis of data quality and methodologies and the resulting uncertainties for pest risk assessment (PERSEUS) CFP/EFSA/PLH/2010/01 available online at http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/doc/676e.pdf A Review of the Literature Relevant to the Monitoring of Regulated Plant Health Pests in Europe Work Package 1. November 2013 Howard Bell1, Maureen Wakefield1, Roy Macarthur1, Jonathan Stein1, Debbie Collins1, Andy Hart1, Alain Roques2, Sylvie Augustin2, Annie Yart2, Christelle Péré2, Gritta Schrader3, Claudia Wendt3, Andrea Battisti4, Massimo Faccoli4, Lorenzo Marini4, Edoardo Petrucco Toffolo4 1 The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, UK 2 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avenue de la Pomme de Pin, Orléans, France 3 Julius Kühn-Institut, 27 Erwin-Baur-Str, Quedlinburg, Germany 4 Universita Degli Studi di Padova (UPAD), Via 8 Febbraio 1848 No. 2, 35100, Padova, Italy DISCLAIMER The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). In accordance with Article 36 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, this task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a grant agreement between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s). The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It cannot be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. 13_EWG_ISPM6_2015_Sep Agenda item 4.2 Review of surveying methodologies for European regulated pests Contents Acleris spp. (non-European) ................................................................................................................. 8 Aculops fuchsiae Keifer ...................................................................................................................... 10 Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire ............................................................................................................. 11 Aleurocanthus spp. ............................................................................................................................. 14 Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler ....................................................................................................... 16 Amauromyza maculosa (Malloch) ..................................................................................................... 24 Anastrepha fracterculus (Wiedemann) .............................................................................................. 25 Anastrepha ludens (Loew).................................................................................................................. 28 Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) ......................................................................................................... 31 Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) ............................................................................................................. 34 Andean potato latent tymovirus ........................................................................................................ 37 Andean potato mottle comovirus ...................................................................................................... 39 Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller ........................................................................................... 41 Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse) ...................................................................................................... 43 Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) ........................................................................................................ 45 Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) .......................................................................................... 49 Anoplophora malasiaca (Thomson) ................................................................................................... 52 Anthonomus bisignifer Schenkling ..................................................................................................... 54 Anthonomus grandis Boheman.......................................................................................................... 55 Anthonomus quadrigibbus Say .......................................................................................................... 58 Anthonomus signatus Say .................................................................................................................. 59 Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) ............................................................................................................. 61 Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie ........................................................................................................ 63 Apiosporina morbosa (Schweinitz) von Arx ....................................................................................... 66 Apple proliferation phytoplasma (Phytoplasma mali Seemüller & Schneider) ................................. 68 Apricot chlorotic leafroll phytoplasma ............................................................................................... 71 Arabis mosaic nepovirus .................................................................................................................... 73 Arceuthobium spp. (non-European) ................................................................................................... 80 Arracacha virus B oca strain ............................................................................................................... 82 Arrhenodes minutes (Drury) ............................................................................................................... 84 Aschistonyx eppoi Inouye ................................................................................................................... 85 Atropellis spp. ..................................................................................................................................... 86 Bean golden mosaic bigeminivirus .................................................................................................... 88 Beet curly top virus (non-European isolates) ..................................................................................... 90 Beet leaf curl virus.............................................................................................................................. 92 Beet necrotic yellow vein virus .......................................................................................................... 93 Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (European / non-European populations) .............................................. 95 Black raspberry latent ilarvirus (BRLV) ............................................................................................. 101 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle................................................................. 102 Cadang cadang viroid ....................................................................................................................... 106 Carneocephala fulgida Nottingham ................................................................................................. 108 Carposina niponensis (Walsigham) .................................................................................................. 109 Cephalcia lariciphila (Wachtl) .......................................................................................................... 112 Ceratocystis spp. .............................................................................................................................. 114 2 | P a g e 13_EWG_ISPM6_2015_Sep Agenda item 4.2 Review of surveying methodologies for European regulated pests Cercospora pini-densiflorae (Hori & Nambu) Deighton ................................................................... 120 Cherry leaf roll virus (in Rubus) ........................................................................................................ 121 Cherry rasp leaf virus ....................................................................................................................... 122 Choristoneura spp. (non-European) ................................................................................................. 124 Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus ............................................................................................... 129 Chrysanthemum stunt viroid ............................................................................................................ 131 Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Dietel ...................................................................................................... 133 Ciborinia camelliae Kohn .................................................................................................................. 135 Circulifer haematoceps (Mulsant & Rey) .......................................................................................... 137 Circulifer tenellus (Baker) ................................................................................................................. 139 Citrus greening bacterium (Liberibacter africanus Jagoueix, Bové & Garnier) ...............................
Recommended publications
  • Integration of Entomopathogenic Fungi Into IPM Programs: Studies Involving Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) Affecting Horticultural Crops
    insects Review Integration of Entomopathogenic Fungi into IPM Programs: Studies Involving Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) Affecting Horticultural Crops Kim Khuy Khun 1,2,* , Bree A. L. Wilson 2, Mark M. Stevens 3,4, Ruth K. Huwer 5 and Gavin J. Ash 2 1 Faculty of Agronomy, Royal University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 2696, Dangkor District, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 2 Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia; [email protected] (B.A.L.W.); [email protected] (G.J.A.) 3 NSW Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, Yanco, New South Wales 2703, Australia; [email protected] 4 Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia 5 NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, Wollongbar, New South Wales 2477, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +61-46-9731208 Received: 7 September 2020; Accepted: 21 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020 Simple Summary: Horticultural crops are vulnerable to attack by many different weevil species. Fungal entomopathogens provide an attractive alternative to synthetic insecticides for weevil control because they pose a lesser risk to human health and the environment. This review summarises the available data on the performance of these entomopathogens when used against weevils in horticultural crops. We integrate these data with information on weevil biology, grouping species based on how their developmental stages utilise habitats in or on their hostplants, or in the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States
    Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States September 1993 OTA-F-565 NTIS order #PB94-107679 GPO stock #052-003-01347-9 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States, OTA-F-565 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 1993). For Sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office ii Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop, SSOP. Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN O-1 6-042075-X Foreword on-indigenous species (NIS)-----those species found beyond their natural ranges—are part and parcel of the U.S. landscape. Many are highly beneficial. Almost all U.S. crops and domesticated animals, many sport fish and aquiculture species, numerous horticultural plants, and most biologicalN control organisms have origins outside the country. A large number of NIS, however, cause significant economic, environmental, and health damage. These harmful species are the focus of this study. The total number of harmful NIS and their cumulative impacts are creating a growing burden for the country. We cannot completely stop the tide of new harmful introductions. Perfect screening, detection, and control are technically impossible and will remain so for the foreseeable future. Nevertheless, the Federal and State policies designed to protect us from the worst species are not safeguarding our national interests in important areas. These conclusions have a number of policy implications. First, the Nation has no real national policy on harmful introductions; the current system is piecemeal, lacking adequate rigor and comprehensiveness. Second, many Federal and State statutes, regulations, and programs are not keeping pace with new and spreading non-indigenous pests.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Health Карантин Растений
    КАРАНТИН РАСТЕНИЙ СЕНТЯБРЬ НАУКА И ПРАКТИКА 3/25/2018 РУССКО-АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЬ ПРОЛИФЕРАЦИИ ЯБЛОНИ CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA MALI стр. 4 ФИТОСАНИТАРНЫЙ РИСК РАСТИТЕЛЬНОЯДНЫХ КЛЕЩЕЙ (ARACHNIDA: ACARIFORMES) стр. 13 ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯ РАКА КАРТОФЕЛЯ SYNCHYTRIUM ENDOBIOTICUM С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ МЕТОДОВ ДИАГНОСТИКИ стр. 27 ДИАГНОСТИКА НЕПОВИРУСА КОЛЬЦЕВОЙ ПЯТНИСТОСТИ ТОМАТА (ToRSV) МЕТОДОМ КЛАССИЧЕСКОЙ ПЦР стр. 41 CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA MALI APPLE PROLIFERATION PATHOGEN page 9 PHYTOSANITARY RISK OF HERBIVOROUS MITES (ARACHNIDA: ACARIFORMES) page 20 IDENTIFICATION OF THE AGENT OF POTATO WART DISEASE SYNCHYTRIUM ENDOBIOTICUM USING MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC METHODS page 35 TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS DIAGNOSIS (ToRSV) USING CONVENTIONAL PCR page 46 RUSSIAN-ENGLISH JOURNAL PLANT HEALTH SEPTEMBER ISSN 2306-9767 ISSN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 3/25/2018 «КАРАНТИН РАСТЕНИЙ. НАУКА И ПРАКТИКА» ДВУЯЗЫЧНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ №3 (25) 2018 г. Главный редактор: Мартин Уорд — РЕДАКЦИЯ: А.Я. Сапожников, Генеральный директор ЕОКЗР Волкова Е.М. — кандидат директор ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» биологических наук, Ханну Кукконен — директор заведующая лабораторией Шеф-редактор: подразделения фитосанитарного сорных растений Светлана Зиновьева, надзора, EVIRA (Финляндия) начальник отдела по связям Волков О.Г. — начальник с общественностью Сагитов А.О. — доктор отдела биометода и СМИ ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» биологических наук, Кулинич О.А. — доктор Генеральный директор ТОО биологических наук, Выпускающий редактор: «Казахский НИИ защиты начальник отдела лесного карантина Ольга Лесных и карантина растений» e-mail: [email protected] Приходько Ю.Н. — кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, Сорока С.В. — кандидат Редакционная коллегия начальник научно-методического сельскохозяйственных наук, журнала «Карантин растений. отдела фитопатологии директор РУП «Институт Наука и практика»: защиты растений» НАН Скрипка О.В. — кандидат Швабаускене Ю.А. — заместитель Республики Беларусь биологических наук, ведущий Руководителя Россельхознадзора научный сотрудник лаборатории Джалилов Ф.С.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Production Study of the Population of the Pine Caterpillar
    Production Study of the Population of the Pine Caterpillar Title (Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler) Author(s) Kikuzawa, Kihachiro; Furuno, Tooshu Citation 京都大学農学部演習林報告 (1971), 42: 16-26 Issue Date 1971-03-25 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/191500 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University 16 Production Study of the Population of the Pine Caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler) Kihachiro KIKUZAWA* and Tooshu FURUNO** マツカ レハ幼虫個体群の生物生産の研究 菊 沢 喜 八 郎*・ 古 野 東 洲** CONTENTS Résumé 16 I . Metabolism of Individual Larva V Pi 17 II. Estimation of population Density Introduction 17 III. production of population Material And Method 18 Discussion 24 Results 19 Literature 26 RESUME Productivity of a pine caterpillar population was investigated in the present study. The changes in larval density of the pine caterpillar population were estimated by the fecal-pellets counting method and by the direct counting method at a pine stand in a nursery. The food consumption, assimilation, respiration and growth were also mea- sured in the laboratory. The total food consumption, assimilation, respiration and growth of the population were calculated utilizing the individual values and population density. An individual larva consumed about 14.0g of pine needles over one growing season. From which 11.2g was defecated as feces, and the rest 2.8g was assimilated. 2.3g, or eighty per cent of the assimilated matter was used for respiration and 0.5g was used for growth of larval body weight. Larval density was estimated at about 63 individuals per square meter in September 1967, which decreased to about 6 individuals per square meter in July 1968 (at the time of pupation).
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Biology and Ecology
    STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE CABBAGE MOTH, MAMESTRA BRASSICAE L. (LEPIDOPTERA : NOCTUIDAE) by AQUILES MONTAGNE Ingeniero Agronomo (Venezuela) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London and the Diploma of Imperial College Department of Zoology and Applied Entomology, Imperial College Field Station, Silwood Park, Ascot Berkshire September 1977 TABLE OF CONTENT Page ABSTRACT ' GENERAL INTRODUCTION 2 SECTION 1 THE BIOLOGY OF M. brassicae 5 1.1 Introduction 5 1.2 General Description of the Stages 6 1.3 Life History and Habits 8 1.4 Laboratory Studies on the Effect of Temperature on the Development and Survival of the Immature Stages 25 1.4.1 Materials and methods 25 1.4.2 Results and discussion 26 1.5 Laboratory Studies on Longevity and Fecundity 36 1.5.1 Materials and methods 36 1.5.2 Results and discussion 37 1.5.2.1 Longevity 37 1.5.2.2 Fecundity and Fertility 38 ' 1.6 Section General Discussion 47 SECTION 2 STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF LARVAL DENSITY ON M. 50 brassicae 2.1 Introduction 50 2.2 Review of Literature 50 2.3 Material and Methods 59 ii Table of Contents (Continued) Page 2.4 Results and Discussion 60 2.4.1 Colour variations in larval stage 60 2.4.1.1 Larval colour types 60 2.4.1.2 The colour of larvae reared at various densities 62 2.4.2 The pattern of larval and pupal development 66 2.4.2.1 The duration of larval development 66 2.4.2.2 The pattern of larval growth 71 2.4.2.3 The duration of prepupal and pupal periods 72 2.4.2.4 Larval and pupal mortality 75 2.4.2.5 Sex ratio
    [Show full text]
  • Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe in Taylor Park, Colorado Report for the Taylor Park Environmental Assessment
    Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe in Taylor Park, Colorado Report for the Taylor Park Environmental Assessment Jim Worrall, Ph.D. Gunnison Service Center Forest Health Protection Rocky Mountain Region USDA Forest Service 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 2 2. DESCRIPTION, DISTRIBUTION, HOSTS ..................................................................................... 2 3. LIFE CYCLE....................................................................................................................................... 3 4. SCOPE OF TREATMENTS RELATIVE TO INFESTED AREA ................................................. 4 5. IMPACTS ON TREES AND FORESTS ........................................................................................... 4 5.1 TREE GROWTH AND LONGEVITY .................................................................................................... 4 5.2 EFFECTS OF DWARF MISTLETOE ON FOREST DYNAMICS ............................................................... 6 5.3 RATE OF SPREAD AND INTENSIFICATION ........................................................................................ 6 6. IMPACTS OF DWARF MISTLETOES ON ANIMALS ................................................................ 6 6.1 DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF VERTEBRATES ............................................................................ 7 6.2 EFFECT OF MISTLETOE-CAUSED SNAGS ON VERTEBRATES ............................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Researchcommons.Waikato.Ac.Nz
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Commons@Waikato http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Identifying Host Species of Dactylanthus taylorii using DNA Barcoding A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Biological Sciences at The University of Waikato by Cassarndra Marie Parker _________ The University of Waikato 2015 Acknowledgements: This thesis wouldn't have been possible without the support of many people. Firstly, my supervisors Dr Chrissen Gemmill and Dr Avi Holzapfel - your professional expertise, advice, and patience were invaluable. From pitching the idea in 2012 to reading through drafts in the final fortnight, I've been humbled to work with such dedicated and accomplished scientists. Special mention also goes to Thomas Emmitt, David Mudge, Steven Miller, the Auckland Zoo horticulture team and Kevin.
    [Show full text]
  • Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains
    United States Department of Agriculture Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains Forest Rocky Mountain General Technical Service Research Station Report RMRS-GTR-335 November 2016 Bergdahl, Aaron D.; Hill, Alison, tech. coords. 2016. Diseases of trees in the Great Plains. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-335. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 229 p. Abstract Hosts, distribution, symptoms and signs, disease cycle, and management strategies are described for 84 hardwood and 32 conifer diseases in 56 chapters. Color illustrations are provided to aid in accurate diagnosis. A glossary of technical terms and indexes to hosts and pathogens also are included. Keywords: Tree diseases, forest pathology, Great Plains, forest and tree health, windbreaks. Cover photos by: James A. Walla (top left), Laurie J. Stepanek (top right), David Leatherman (middle left), Aaron D. Bergdahl (middle right), James T. Blodgett (bottom left) and Laurie J. Stepanek (bottom right). To learn more about RMRS publications or search our online titles: www.fs.fed.us/rm/publications www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/ Background This technical report provides a guide to assist arborists, landowners, woody plant pest management specialists, foresters, and plant pathologists in the diagnosis and control of tree diseases encountered in the Great Plains. It contains 56 chapters on tree diseases prepared by 27 authors, and emphasizes disease situations as observed in the 10 states of the Great Plains: Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The need for an updated tree disease guide for the Great Plains has been recog- nized for some time and an account of the history of this publication is provided here.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and Evolutionary Correlates of Novel Secondary Sexual Structures
    Zootaxa 3729 (1): 001–062 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3729.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CA0C1355-FF3E-4C67-8F48-544B2166AF2A ZOOTAXA 3729 Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures JASON J. DOMBROSKIE1,2,3 & FELIX A. H. SPERLING2 1Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY, USA, 14853-2601. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2E9 3Corresponding author Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J. Brown: 2 Sept. 2013; published: 25 Oct. 2013 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 JASON J. DOMBROSKIE & FELIX A. H. SPERLING Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures (Zootaxa 3729) 62 pp.; 30 cm. 25 Oct. 2013 ISBN 978-1-77557-288-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-289-3 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2013 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2013 Magnolia Press 2 · Zootaxa 3729 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press DOMBROSKIE & SPERLING Table of contents Abstract . 3 Material and methods . 6 Results . 18 Discussion . 23 Conclusions . 33 Acknowledgements . 33 Literature cited . 34 APPENDIX 1. 38 APPENDIX 2. 44 Additional References for Appendices 1 & 2 . 49 APPENDIX 3. 51 APPENDIX 4. 52 APPENDIX 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Juzwik, Jennifer
    The Proceedings of the 2nd National Oak Wilt Symposium Edited by: Ronald F. Billings David N. Appel Sponsored by International Society of Arboriculture – Texas Chapter Cooperators Texas Forest Service Texas AgriLife Extension Service The Nature Conservancy of Texas Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection 2009 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND OCCURRENCE OF OAK WILT IN MIDWESTERN, MIDDLE, AND SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES Jennifer Juzwik USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 1561 Lindig Avenue St. Paul, MN 55108 Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT In Midwestern, Middle, and South Atlantic states, the oak wilt fungus (Ceratocystis fagacearum) is transmitted from diseased to healthy oaks below ground via root grafts and above ground via insect vectors. Recent studies have identified insect species in the family Nitidulidae that likely account for the majority of above-ground transmission during spring in several Midwestern states based on frequencies of fungus-contaminated beetles dispersing in oak stands and visiting fresh wounds. Other investigations have utilized quantitative and spatial data to predict root-graft spread in red oak stands. Although the disease is widely distributed in the regions, disease severity ranges from low to high among the regions and within states of the Midwestern region. Knowledge of spread frequencies and relationships between disease spread/severity and various physiographic factors is important in the development of tools for effective disease management. Key words: Ceratocystis fagacearum, disease spread, Nitidulidae New oak wilt infection centers (= foci) are the result of above-ground transmission of the pathogen (Ceratocystis fagacearum (Bretz) Hunt) by animal vectors, primarily insects. Outward expansion of foci from the initial infection(s) occur below ground when fungal propagules move through vascular root connections between a diseased and a nearby healthy oak.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Tothia Fuscella</I>
    ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/118.203 Volume 118, pp. 203–211 October–December 2011 Epitypification, morphology, and phylogeny of Tothia fuscella Haixia Wu1, Walter M. Jaklitsch2, Hermann Voglmayr2 & Kevin D. Hyde1, 3, 4* 1 International Fungal Research and Development Centre, Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Cultivation & Utilization, State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650224, PR China 2 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty Centre of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Wien, Austria 3 School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 4 Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia *Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — The holotype of Tothia fuscella has been re-examined and is re-described and illustrated. An identical fresh specimen from Austria is used to designate an epitype with herbarium material and a living culture. Sequence analyses show T. fuscella to be most closely related to Venturiaceae and not Microthyriaceae, to which it was previously referred. Key words — Dothideomycetes, molecular phylogeny, taxonomy Introduction We have been re-describing and illustrating the generic types of Dothideomycetes (Zhang et al. 2008, 2009, Wu et al. 2010, 2011, Li et al. 2011) and have tried where possible to obtain fresh specimens for epitypification and use molecular analyses to provide a natural classification. Our previous studies of genera in the Microthyriaceae, a poorly known family within the Dothideomycetes, have resulted in several advances (Wu et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory and Review of Quantitative Models for Spread of Plant Pests for Use in Pest Risk Assessment for the EU Territory1
    EFSA supporting publication 2015:EN-795 EXTERNAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT Inventory and review of quantitative models for spread of plant pests for use in pest risk assessment for the EU territory1 NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology 2 Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK ABSTRACT This report considers the prospects for increasing the use of quantitative models for plant pest spread and dispersal in EFSA Plant Health risk assessments. The agreed major aims were to provide an overview of current modelling approaches and their strengths and weaknesses for risk assessment, and to develop and test a system for risk assessors to select appropriate models for application. First, we conducted an extensive literature review, based on protocols developed for systematic reviews. The review located 468 models for plant pest spread and dispersal and these were entered into a searchable and secure Electronic Model Inventory database. A cluster analysis on how these models were formulated allowed us to identify eight distinct major modelling strategies that were differentiated by the types of pests they were used for and the ways in which they were parameterised and analysed. These strategies varied in their strengths and weaknesses, meaning that no single approach was the most useful for all elements of risk assessment. Therefore we developed a Decision Support Scheme (DSS) to guide model selection. The DSS identifies the most appropriate strategies by weighing up the goals of risk assessment and constraints imposed by lack of data or expertise. Searching and filtering the Electronic Model Inventory then allows the assessor to locate specific models within those strategies that can be applied.
    [Show full text]