Choosing Inscriptions Making Font for 'Armazuli' Aramaic Objectives Mark up of the Texts and Linked Data New Photo Document
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Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots
Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Russell, James R. Forthcoming. Armenian secret and invented languages and argots. Proceedings of the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9938150 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP 1 ARMENIAN SECRET AND INVENTED LANGUAGES AND ARGOTS. By James R. Russell, Harvard University. Светлой памяти Карена Никитича Юзбашяна посвящается это исследование. CONTENTS: Preface 1. Secret languages and argots 2. Philosophical and hypothetical languages 3. The St. Petersburg Manuscript 4. The Argot of the Felt-Beaters 5. Appendices: 1. Description of St. Petersburg MS A 29 2. Glossary of the Ṙuštuni language 3. Glossary of the argot of the Felt-Beaters of Moks 4. Texts in the “Third Script” of MS A 29 List of Plates Bibliography PREFACE Much of the research for this article was undertaken in Armenia and Russia in June and July 2011 and was funded by a generous O’Neill grant through the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard. For their eager assistance and boundless hospitality I am grateful to numerous friends and colleagues who made my visit pleasant and successful. For their generous assistance in Erevan and St. -
Georgian Country and Culture Guide
Georgian Country and Culture Guide მშვიდობის კორპუსი საქართველოში Peace Corps Georgia 2017 Forward What you have in your hands right now is the collaborate effort of numerous Peace Corps Volunteers and staff, who researched, wrote and edited the entire book. The process began in the fall of 2011, when the Language and Cross-Culture component of Peace Corps Georgia launched a Georgian Country and Culture Guide project and PCVs from different regions volunteered to do research and gather information on their specific areas. After the initial information was gathered, the arduous process of merging the researched information began. Extensive editing followed and this is the end result. The book is accompanied by a CD with Georgian music and dance audio and video files. We hope that this book is both informative and useful for you during your service. Sincerely, The Culture Book Team Initial Researchers/Writers Culture Sara Bushman (Director Programming and Training, PC Staff, 2010-11) History Jack Brands (G11), Samantha Oliver (G10) Adjara Jen Geerlings (G10), Emily New (G10) Guria Michelle Anderl (G11), Goodloe Harman (G11), Conor Hartnett (G11), Kaitlin Schaefer (G10) Imereti Caitlin Lowery (G11) Kakheti Jack Brands (G11), Jana Price (G11), Danielle Roe (G10) Kvemo Kartli Anastasia Skoybedo (G11), Chase Johnson (G11) Samstkhe-Javakheti Sam Harris (G10) Tbilisi Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Workplace Culture Kimberly Tramel (G11), Shannon Knudsen (G11), Tami Timmer (G11), Connie Ross (G11) Compilers/Final Editors Jack Brands (G11) Caitlin Lowery (G11) Conor Hartnett (G11) Emily New (G10) Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Compilers of Audio and Video Files Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Irakli Elizbarashvili (IT Specialist, PC Staff) Revised and updated by Tea Sakvarelidze (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator) and Kakha Gordadze (Training Manager). -
Petit Manuel Unix®
Août 2010 Petit Manuel Unix® Jacques MADELAINE Département d’informatique Université de CAEN 14032 CAEN CEDEX La première édition de ce manuel décrivait SMX un Unix développé à l’INRIA pour la machine française SM90, la deuxième édition une adaptation pour SPIX, un Unix pour SM90 basé sur System V et développé par Bull. Il a été ensuite modifié et corrigé pour SunOS l’Unix de Sun Microsystems, puis pour Solaris. La cinquième version a été adaptée pour tenir compte des particularités du système GNU-Linux. Un chapitre supplémentaire dédié aux accès réseau a été ensuite ajouté. Rappelons que presque toutes les commandes décrites vont fonctionner comme indiqué sur tout système Unix commercial (Solaris, HP-UX, AIX, ...) ou libre (Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, ...). Mes remerciements à Sara Aubry pour sa relecture attentive etàFrançois Girault pour avoir fourni la mise en tableau des commandes d’emacs. Mes remerciements à Davy Gigan pour m’avoir poussé à publier la version html en octobre 2003. 1 INTRODUCTION() INTRODUCTION() 2Petit manuel Unix 2002 INTRODUCTION NOM intro − introduction to the mini manual − introduction au petit manuel DESCRIPTION Ce manuel donne les principales commandes de Unix. Unix est une famille de systèmes d’exploitation ; les commandes décrites existent, sauf précision contraire, sous Linux et Solaris, les deux systèmes disponibles au département. Seules les principales options sont données, reportez-vous au manuel en ligne pour une liste exhaustive.Chaque commande est décrite par trois sections : NOM qui donne le nom de la commande, son nom en anglais (le nom Unix étant un mnémonique anglais ne correspondant pas toujours bien aveclefrançais) et en français. -
Guide to the Use of Character Set Standards in Europe
CEN TECHNICAL REPORT Draft 3 for CEN Trnnnn:1999 1999-07-23 Descriptors: Data processing, information interchange, text processing, text communication, graphic characters, character sets, representation of characters, coded character sets, architecture Information Technology - Guide to the use of character set standards in Europe This CEN Technical Report has been drawn up by CEN/TC 304 This CEN Technical Report was established by TC 304 in one official version (English). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own lan- guage and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official version. CEN members are the national bodies of Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © CEN 1999 Copyright reserved to all CEN members Ref.No. TR xxxx:1999 E CEN TR nnnn : Draft 2 Guide to the use of character set standards in Europe ii Guide to the use of character set standards in Europe CEN TR nnnn : Draft 2 FOREWORD This report was produced by a CEN/TC 304 Project Team, set up in June, 1998, as one of several to carry out the funded work program of TC 304 (documented in CEN/TC 304 N 666 R2). A first draft was discussed at the TC meeting in Brussels in November, 1998. A revised draft was circulated for comments within the TC and thereafter discussed at the TC plenary meeting in April, 1999. -
Old Aramaic Script in Georgia
Grapholinguistics in the 21th Century Paris, June 17-19, 2020 Helen Giunashvili G. Tsereteli Institute of Oriental Studies/Ilia State University, Georgia OLD ARAMAIC SCRIPT IN GEORGIA Introduction Aramaic is mostly important for Georgia. All the three historical phases of this language: Old, Middle and Modern are well represented in the Georgian cultural tradition. On the territory of contemporary Georgia, mainly in its Eastern part‒Kartli being historically Iberian kingdom (IV c BC-IV c AD) a number of original Aramaic inscriptions were found. They were made on different objects: steles (an epitaph and a victory stele), bone plates, wine- pitchers, silver bowls, and household items, stones of sanctuary buildings and sarcophagi, jewels. For the present, the whole corpus of inscriptions comprises nearly 100 units dated by III-II cc BC –III c AD and is kept at different funds of the National Museum of Georgia. These ancient Aramaic inscriptions were discovered in Mtskheta, the capital of Iberia as well as its outskirts – Armazi, Bagineti and other different locations in Central Georgia – Uplistsikhe, Urbnisi, Zguderi, Bori, Dedoplis Gora (Mindori), Dzalisa. The Aramaic inscriptions of Georgia are distinguished by their form and content. Some of them are quite extensive, such as Armazi steles and a number of dedicational inscriptions dated by III c AD, found on golden bracelets from Armazi burials. The rest of inscriptions are rather short, consisting only of one or two words, denoting a proper name, or a title, they also frequently have an attributive meaning of weight, size and function of an object. The Old Aramaic was one of chief written languages of Iberia before adoption the Christianity (IV century AD). -
Recull Crític De Fonts Per a L'estudi De La Història, Cultura I Llengua Dels Alans
Agustí ALEMANY i VILAMAJÓ Llicenciat en Filosofia i Lletres (Filologia Clàssica) Tesi Doctoral RECULL CRÍTIC DE FONTS PER A L'ESTUDI DE LA HISTÒRIA, CULTURA I LLENGUA DELS ALANS Director de la Tesi: Dr. José FORTES FORTES Professor Titular de Lingüística Indoeuropea de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Vist i plau del Director Dr. José Fortes Fortes Departament de Ciències de l'Antiguitat i de l'Edat Mitjana Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA Febrer 1997 VII. FONTS ARMENIES 7.1. Els alans i Armènia. Armènia (arm. Hayastan) és una zona intermèdia entre les cadenes muntanyoses anatòlies i iranianes; presenta un caràcter força accidentat a causa de la pressió meridional de la placa siro-aràbiga, que dóna lloc a un altiplà irregular de dos a tres mil metres d'alçària, amb grans llacs com el Van, el Sevan o l'Úrmia, i coronat pel massís de l'Ararat (arm. Masik'), de 5.165 m., on neixen rius de curs impetuós com l'Aras i l'Eufrates, que, nodrits per les neus del llarg i gèlid hivern armeni, irriguen les terres del sud fins a la plana mesopotàmica. Els armenis (arm. Hayk'), localitzats des del s. VI aC en aquest espai geogràfic, abans ocupat per Urartu, habitaven, doncs, un enclavament estratègic sovint cobejat pels grans imperis sedentaris de la zona (medes, aquemènides, parts arsàcides, sassànides, àrabs, etc) i sotmès alhora a les incursions dels nòmades del nord del Caucas. Documentats per primer cop durant les guerres entre romans i parts pel control d'Armènia, els alans són esmentats per les fonts autòctones des del principi de la tradició manuscrita (s. -
REWRITING CAUCASIAN HISTORY the Medieval Armenian Adaptation of the Georgian Chronicles the Original Georgian Texts and the Armenian Adaptation
OXFORD ORIENTAL MONOGRAPHS REWRITING CAUCASIAN HISTORY The Medieval Armenian Adaptation of the Georgian Chronicles The Original Georgian Texts and The Armenian Adaptation Translated with Introduction and Commentary by ROBERT W. THOMSON Published with the Support of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD Oxford Oriental Monographs This new series of monographs from the Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford, will make available the results of recent research by scholars connected with the Faculty. Its range of subject-matter includes language, literature, thought, history and art; its geographical scope extends from the Mediterranean and Caucasus to East Asia. The emphasis will be more on special ist studies than on works of a general nature. Editorial Board John Baines Professor o f Egyptology Glen Dudbridge Shaw Professor of Chinese Alan Jones Reader in Islamic Studies Robert Thomson Calouste Gulbenkian Professor o f Armenian Studies Titles in the Series Sufism and Islamic Reform in Egypt The Battle for Islamic Tradition Julian Johansen The Early Porcelain Kilns of Japan Arita in the first half of the Seventeenth Century Oliver Impey Rewriting Caucasian History The Medieval Armenian Adaptation of the Georgian Chronicles THE ORIGINAL GEORGIAN TEXTS AND THE ARMENIAN ADAPTATION Translated with Introduction and Commentary by ROBERT W. THOMSON CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD 1996 Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford 0x2 6 d p Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bombay Calcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a trade mark o f Oxford University Press Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Robert W. -
Environmental and Socio-Economic Implications of the Mining Sector
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE MINING SECTOR AND PROSPECTS OF RESPONSIBLE MINING IN GEORGIA The study was prepared within the framework of the project 'Promoting Environmental and Social Accountability in the Mining Sector in the Caucasus', which is being implemented with the financial support of the Bread for the World Protestant Development Service (BftW). The content of the publication is the responsibility of the implementing organisation alone. 2 CONTENT INTRODUCTION 5 1. Mineral reSourceS of GeorGia anD The hiSTory of Their MininG anD ProceSSing 7 1.1 Brief DeScriPTion of Mineral reSources 7 1.2 Brief hiSTory of MininG in GeorGia 7 1.3 DynaMicS of The DeveloPMenT of MininG inDuSTry in GeorGia 9 1.3.1 SoliD MineralS 9 1.3.2 oil anD Gas 10 2. GeorGian laWS anD inSTiTuTional SeT-uP relaTeD To MininG 13 2.1 naTional leGiSlaTion 13 2.1.1 conSTiTuTion of GeorGia 13 2.1.2 laW of GeorGia on enTrailS of The earTh 13 2.1.3 laW of GeorGia on licenceS anD PerMits 13 2.1.4 laW of GeorGia on environMenTal ProTecTion 14 2.1.5 laW of GeorGia on culTural heriTaGe 14 2.1.6 oTher reGulaTionS relaTeD To culTural heriTaGe 14 2.1.7 inTernaTional convenTionS relaTeD To culTural heriTaGe raTifieD By GeorGia 14 2.2 inSTiTuTional fraMeWork of The GeorGian MininG inDuSTry 15 2.2.1 STaTe inSTiTuTionS anD Their ManDaTes 15 2.2.2 inTeraGency cooPeraTion 17 3. inTernaTional DeveloPMenT orGanizaTionS acTive in GeorGia anD caTeGorieS of DeveloPMenT Projects 19 4. STa.TiSTicS of inveSTMenTS MaDe in The MininG SecTor of GeorGia (2009-2015) 23 4.1 aMounT of inveSTMents 23 4.2 inveSTMenT SourceS 24 5. -
Proposal for the Georgian Script Root Zone LGR
Proposal for the Georgian Script Root Zone LGR LGR Version 2 Date: 2016-11-24 Document version: 1.1 Authors: GEORGIAN SCRIPT GENERATION PANEL 1 General Information/ Overview/ Abstract The purpose of this document is to give an overview of the proposed Georgian LGR in the XML format and the rationale behind the design decisions taken. It includes a discussion of relevant features of the script, the communities or languages using it, the process and methodology used and information on the contributors. The formal specification of the LGR can be found in the accompanying XML document: • Proposed-LGR-Georgian-20160915.xml Labels for testing can be found in the accompanying text document: • Labels-GeorgianScript-20160915.txt 2 Script for which the LGR is proposed ISO 15924 Code: Geor ISO 15924 Key N°: 240 ISO 15924 English Name: Georgian Mkhedruli Latin transliteration of native script name: Mkhedruli Native name of the script: მხედრული Maximal Starting Repertoire (MSR) version: MSR-2 Proposal for a Georgian Script Root Zone LGR Georgian Script GP 3 Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It The Georgian scripts are the three writing systems used to write the Georgian language: Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli. Mkhedruli (Georgian: მხედრული) is the current Georgian script and is therefore the standard script for modern Georgian and its related Kartvelian languages, whereas Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri are used only in ceremonial religious texts and iconography. In the following, the term Georgian script is used synonymously with Mkhedruli. Like the two other scripts, Mkhedruli is purely unicameral. Mkhedruli first appears in the 10th century - the oldest Mkhedruli inscription found is dated back to 982 AD. -
Causes of War Prospects for Peace
Georgian Orthodox Church Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung CAUSES OF WAR PROS P E C TS FOR PEA C E Tbilisi, 2009 1 On December 2-3, 2008 the Holy Synod of the Georgian Orthodox Church and the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung held a scientific conference on the theme: Causes of War - Prospects for Peace. The main purpose of the conference was to show the essence of the existing conflicts in Georgia and to prepare objective scientific and information basis. This book is a collection of conference reports and discussion materials that on the request of the editorial board has been presented in article format. Publishers: Metropolitan Ananya Japaridze Katia Christina Plate Bidzina Lebanidze Nato Asatiani Editorial board: Archimandrite Adam (Akhaladze), Tamaz Beradze, Rozeta Gujejiani, Roland Topchishvili, Mariam Lordkipanidze, Lela Margiani, Tariel Putkaradze, Bezhan Khorava Reviewers: Zurab Tvalchrelidze Revaz Sherozia Giorgi Cheishvili Otar Janelidze Editorial board wishes to acknowledge the assistance of Irina Bibileishvili, Merab Gvazava, Nia Gogokhia, Ekaterine Dadiani, Zviad Kvilitaia, Giorgi Cheishvili, Kakhaber Tsulaia. ISBN 2345632456 Printed by CGS ltd 2 Preface by His Holiness and Beatitude Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia ILIA II; Opening Words to the Conference 5 Preface by Katja Christina Plate, Head of the Regional Office for Political Dialogue in the South Caucasus of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung; Opening Words to the Conference 8 Abkhazia: Historical-Political and Ethnic Processes Tamaz Beradze, Konstantine Topuria, Bezhan Khorava - A -
St. Sidonia of Georgia
St. Sidonia Of Georgia Commemorated on October 1 During the reign of King Aderki of Kartli, the Jewish people in Mtskheta learned that a wondrous Child had been born in Jerusalem. Thirty years later, a man came from Jerusalem to deliver this message: “The youth has grown up. He calls Himself the Son of God and preaches to us the New Covenant. We have sent envoys to every Jewish community to urge the scholars of the religion to come to Jerusalem and judge what measures should be taken in regard to this matter.” In response to the envoy’s request and at the recommendation of the Jewish Sanhedrin, Elioz of Mtskheta and Longinoz of Karsani were chosen to journey to Jerusalem. Elioz was born to a pious family, and as his mother prepared him for the journey, she tearfully begged him not to take any part in the spilling of the Messiah’s blood. When the Roman soldiers were nailing our Savior to the Cross on Golgotha, Elioz’s mother miraculously heard each strike of the hammer. She cried out in fear, “Farewell majesty of the Jews! For inasmuch as you have killed your Savior and Redeemer, henceforth you have become your own enemies!” With this she breathed her last. After the soldiers had cast lots for the Robe of our Lord, it was acquired by Elioz and Longinoz, and with great honor they carried it back with them to Mtskheta. Upon their arrival, Elioz met his sister Sidonia, who took from him the Sacred Robe. With much grief, she listened to the story of our Savior’s Crucifixion, clutched the Robe to her breast, and immediately gave up her spirit. -
RESEARCHES in IBERIA-COLCHOLOGY (History and Archaeology of Ancient Georgia)
Otar LORDKIPANIDZE CENTRE OF ARCHAEOLOGY OF GEORGIAN NATIONAL MUSEUM RESEARCHES IN IBERIA-COLCHOLOGY (History and archaeology of ancient Georgia) by Gela Gamkrelidze *** Edited by David Braund Prof. of University of Exeter (UK) gela gamyreliZe: iberia-kolxologiuri kvlevebi. winamdebare wignSi avtoris mier ucxoeTSi gamoqveynebuli statiebis nawilia Tavmoyrili. zogierT statiaSi damatebebia Setanili. wignSi ganxilulia iberia-kolxologiis _ saqarTvelos klasikuri da adremedievuri periodis istoria-arqeologiis sakiTxebi. wigni gankuTvnilia specialistebisaTvis da Cveni qveynis istoriiT dainteresebuli ucxoeli mkiTxvelisaTvis. In the present book the author considers some issues related to Iberia- Colchology, studying history and archaeology of Georgia. The book accumulates scientific essays published in the past and also those written lately. The book is designated for the specialists and also for the readers concerned with history and archaeology of Georgia (in Caucasus). The author, Gela Gamkrelidze is Doctor of historical sciences, Prof., Leading scientist of the Centre of Archaeology of Georgian National Museum. He is the editor of the Journal Iberia–Colchis (Researches of Georgia in the Classical period). He was born in Tbilisi in 7.01.1951. In 1973 he graduated Tbilisi state university. In 1979 he defended Ph.D. thesis and in 1990 DHS dissertation. He participated in Vani, Mtisdziri, Poti, Namakhvami, Vale and other archeological expeditions. In 1979 he explored terms of Mtisdziri settlement. He has discovered the settlement near city Poti-Phasis. He has been studying issues related to the history and archeology of the Georgian Classical period and early middle ages. In particular, relationship of Iberia and Colchis with Greek, Roman and Iranian world; typological classification and topographical archeology of settlements; influence of bio-geo environment on the process of historical development of community in Georgia; the military history of Iberia-Colchis (armament and fortification).