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Botanical and Agronomic Evaluation of a Collection of Sesbania Sesban and Related Perennial Species

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Botanical and Agronomic Evaluation of a Collection of Sesbania Sesban and Related Perennial Species BOTANICAL AND AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF A COLLECTION OF SESBANIA SESBAN AND RELATED PERENNIAL SPECIES 1L iAi-'i W 19! UB-CARDEX J.H. HEERING I CENTRALE LANDBOUWCATALOCUS 0000 0611 8190 L^c^l Promotor: Dr. Ir. L. 't Mannetje hoogleraar in de graslandkunde AiAJ0Ö2o)> I°|i5 J.H. Heering BOTANICAL AND AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF A COLLECTION OF SESBANIA SESBAN AND RELATED PERENNIAL SPECIES Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in de landbouw- en milieuwetenschappen, op gezag van de rector magnificus, dr. C.M. Karssen, in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 21 april 1995 des namiddags om vier uur in de Aula van de Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen. fi*' ^0^93 BIBLIOTHEEK LANDaïüUWÜNilVilivSJTEIT WAGEMïNGEN' CIP-DATA KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DEN HAAG Heering, J.H. Botanical and agronomic evaluation of a collection of Sesbania sesban and related perennial species / J.H. Heering. - [S.I. : s.n.] Thesis Landbouw Universiteit Wageningen. - With réf. With summary in Dutch. ISBN 90-5485-359-X Subject headings: Sesbania / agroforestry. Stellingen 1. De door Brewbaker geopperdeveronderstellin g dat zelf-incompatibiliteit de norm zou zijn in de houtige, diploïde (2n = 12) soorten die behorento t de familie Sesbania is niet bewaarheid. Dit proefschrift. Brewbaker, J.L., 1990. Breeding systems and genetic improvement of perennial Sesbanias. In: Macklin, B. and Evans, D.O. (Eds.) Perennial Sesbania Species in Agroforestry Systems. Proceedings of a workshop held in Nairobi, Kenya, March 27-31, 1989. pp39-45. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Association, Hawaii. 2. Deaanwezig evariati e in morfologische, agronomische en nutritionele kenmerken in S. sesban kan gebruikt worden voor de selectie van hoog produktieve accessies met een hoge voederwaarde. Dit proefschrift. 3. Uit de karyotypen analyse en hybridisatie experimenten blijkt dat er een nauwe phylogenetische relatie bestaat tussen de soorten S. sesban, S. goetzei en S. keniensis. De classificering volgens erfelijke eigenschappen (cladogram) zoals beschreven door Ndungu en Boland zou dus aangepast moeten worden. Dit proefschrift. Ndungu, J.N. and Boland, D.J., 1994. Sesbania seed collection in Southern Africa. Developing a model for collaboration between a CGIAR Centre and NARS. Agroforestry Systems 27:129-143. 4. Morfologische verschillen tussen de Sesbania variëteiten nubica en sesban worden vooral gevonden in de blaadjesgrootte en -aantal, zaadgrootte en -kleur en in de groeivorm. Dit proefschrift. 5. Er bestaat een goede correlatie tussen de totale droge stof opbrengst in S. sesban en diameter van de stam op 30 cm hoogte en boomhoogte. Deze snel groeiende boom volgt daarmee de traditionele vergelijkingen, zoals die in de bosbouw ontwikkeld zijn. Dit proefschrift. 6. Bij de evaluatie en selectie van multipurpose boomsoorten, hoort een multidisciplinaire onderzoeksbenadering. Dit proefschrift. 7. De intensivering van de gewas-vee interacties in sub-Sahara Afrika zal de introductie en het gebruik als veevoer van bomen en struiken met meerdere gebruiksdoelen versnellen. 8. De grootste uitdaging voor fundamenteel onderzoek op het gebied van de voeding van meermagigen met ruwvoer van bomen en struiken is het ontwikkelen van simpele in vitro screening methodes op anti-nutritionele factoren, die een hoge correlatie hebben met de in vivo voederwaarde. 9. In hoeverre kan valsheid in geschriften strafbaar worden gesteld voor regeringsleiders die vredesakkoorden of overeenkomsten tot een staakt het vuren ondertekenen en vervolgens negeren? 10. De uitspraak 'voetbal is oorlog' is van toepassing op wat er zowel op het voetbalveld als er omheen gebeurt. 11. In landenorganisaties kunnen de afzonderlijke lidstaten niets doen, maar tezamen kunnen ze het besluit nemen dat er niets gedaan kan worden. 12. De informatie van een kabelkrant op televisie zal meer tot zijn recht komen als de individuele gebruiker zelf kan bepalen welke onderwerpen hij wil lezen. Stellingen van Hero Heering, behorend bij het proefschrift: 'Botanical and agronomic evaluation of Sesbania sesban and related perennial species'. Wageningen, 21 april 1995. Abstract Heering, J.H., 1995. Botanical and agronomic evaluation of a collection of Sesbania sesban and related perennial species. Doctoral thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, x+127 pp, English and Dutch summaries. The species Sesbania sesban has many attributes which make it attractive as a multi purpose tree for different agricultural production systems. This thesis focuses on the evaluation and classification of a S. sesban collection on morphological, agronomic and nutritional characteristics. It provides information on the chromosome numbers, breeding system and interspecific relations of S. sesban and the related perennial species S. goetzei and S. keniensis. It also demonstrates the multi disciplinary research approach which is required for the development of multi purpose tree germplasm. The three species have a chromosome number of 2n = 12 and are able to produce viable seeds after interspecific hybridization. They are both self and cross compatible, although outbreeding is thought to be the common method of reproduction under natural conditions. The classification shows that the S. sesban accessions in the collection contain largevariatio n in morphological, agronomic and nutritional characteristics. Through numeric analysis it is possible to identify distinct groups of accessions within the collection. This group structure can be used for the selection of accessions low in polyphenols and with a high agronomic productivity. The species is at the moment relatively underutilized and there seems to be scope for a greater use of it, particularly in alley farming or for improved fallow. S. sesban has definite potential for the highlands and could further be introduced to the higher rainfall areas of the semi-arid zone and in some subhumid areas. It could be very useful to reclaim some of the areas with saline and alkaline soils and could also be grown in places prone to seasonal waterlogging and flooding. The areas which require future research attention are among others, the collection of germplasm,th e identification of anti-nutritional factors and the further adjustment of the management techniques to the systems in which the species is being used. Key words: Sesbania sesban, Sesbania goetzei, Sesbania keniensis, agroforestry, karyotypes, hybridization, reproductive biology, classification, morphology, agronomy, fodder, seed production, HPLC fingerprints, polyphenols. Acknowledgements The topic of this thesis originated in 1989 when I started my work as a bilateral associate expert funded by the Directorate-General International Co­ operation (DGIS) of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the Forage Genetic Resources Section of the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ia m very grateful to Dr. Jean Hanson, Head of the Forage Genetic Resources Section for her guidance, support and encouragement in carrying out this research. She also introduced me to the finesses of plant genetic resources and genebank management. Professor L. 't Mannetje of the Department of Agronomy of the Agricultural University Wageningen accepted the subject as a possible topic for athesi s and for his long distance supervision as well as for his suggestions and encouragements I am deeply grateful. I also thank the Department of Agronomy for accepting me as a guest worker and for providing financial support for publishing this thesis. Mr. Koop Wind assisted with the final lay out of the document. In the United States Ithan k Professor Jess Reed of the Department of Meat and Animal Science of the University of Wisconsin, who allowed me to work at his laboratory. His comments and interest in my work were of great help and are highly appreciated. At ILCA's Genetic Resources Section invaluable personnel and material support was provided. I especially would like to thank Ir. Mark van de Wouw for his support and assistance in supervising the trials at the Zwai Seed Multiplication Station and Jemal Mohammed for his assistance in the data collection. Furthermore, I would like to thank all who helped in harvesting in the field and analyzing the samples in the laboratory. Without the great help of Mr. John Sherington and Dr. Sagary Nokoe in the computer unit of ILCA, the manuscript could not have been finalized. I would like to acknowledge the contribution of many others working at ILCA, who contributed to the manuscripts. Many personal friends made my stay in Ethiopia a pleasant experience; I herewith would like to thank them all. Last but not least, I am grateful to my wife Marinda, whose understanding and confidence in my abilities were real encouragements; without these I would not have succeeded. Hero Heering. Related publications Heering, J.H. and Gutteridge, R.C., 1992. Sesbania grandiflora (L) Poiret. In: Mannetje, L. 't and Jones, R.M. (Eds.) Plant Resources of South East Asia. No4 Forages. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands. p196-198. Heering, J.H. and Gutteridge, R.C., 1992. Sesbaniasesban L. Merrill. In: Mannetje, L. 't and Jones, R.M. (Eds.) Plant Resources of South East Asia. No4 Forages. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands. p198-201. Plumb, V.E.; Wood, CD.; Gay, C; Hanson, J. and Heering, J.H. (submitted). The use of HPL C derived phenolic profiles as a means of classifying Sesbania accessions. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. Table of contents Abstract Acknowledgements
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