Universidade Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro Centro Biomédico Faculdade De Ciências Médicas

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Universidade Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro Centro Biomédico Faculdade De Ciências Médicas i Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Centro Biomédico Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Guilherme da Silva Lourenço Carvalho Formação de biofilme por espécies de Stretptococcus Rio de Janeiro 2012 ii Guilherme da Silva Lourenço Carvalho Formação de biofilme por espécies de Streptococcus Dissertação apresentada, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre, ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Área de concentração: Microbiologia Médica Humana. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Vânia Lúcia Carreira Merquior Coorientadores: Prof. Dr. Rafael Silva Duarte Profa. Dra. Lúcia Teixeira Martins Rio de Janeiro 2012 iii CATALOGAÇÃO NA FONTE UERJ/REDE SIRIUS/BIBLIOTECA CB-A C331 Carvalho, Guilherme da Silva Lourenço. Formação de biofilme por espécies de Streptococcus. / Guilherme da Silva Lourenço Carvalho. - 2012. 79 f. Orientadora: Vânia Lúcia Carreira Merquior. Coorientadores: Rafael Silva Duarte. Lúcia Teixeira Martins. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Pós-graduação em Microbiologia. 1. Streptococcus. 2. Biofilmes. 3. Virulência. I. Merquior, Vânia Lúcia Carreira II. Duarte, Rafael Silva III. Martins, Lúcia Teixeira. IV. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. V. Título. CDU 576.951.214 Bibliotecária: Ana Rachel Fonseca de Oliveira CRB7/6382 Autorizo, apenas para fins acadêmicos e científicos, a reprodução total ou parcial desta dissertação, desde que citada a fonte. ________________________________________ _____________________ Assinatura Data iv Guilherme da Silva Lourenço Carvalho Formação de biofilme porespécies de Streptococcus Dissertação apresentada, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre, ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Área de concentração: Microbiologia Médica Humana. Aprovada em 13 de fevereiro de 2012. Orientadora: __________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Vânia Lúcia Carreira Merquior Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes - UERJ Coorientadores: ________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Rafael Silva Duarte Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro _________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Lúcia Teixeira Martins Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Banca Examinadora: ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. João Ramos Costa Andrade Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - UERJ _______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sérgio Eduardo Longo Fracalanzza Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro ________________________________________________________ Profª. Dra. Rachel Leite Ribeiro Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos Rio de Janeiro 2012 v DEDICATÓRIA À minha mãe Cristina vi AGRADECIMENTOS À minha mãe Cristina, que me ensinou os primeiros passos da microbiologia e da vida. Pelo amor incondicional que só as mães possuem, pelas eternas batalhas pelos seus filhos, estando sempre ao meu lado quando caía. Pelo exemplo moral e profissional, endurecendo sem perder a ternura. Coração do meu céu, sua prole sobreviveu e espero um dia retribuir. Ao meu pai Thomaz e ao meu irmão Gustavo pelo apoio, ajuda, gargalhadas e brigas que nos fazem crescer. Aos meus avós, José e Olga Lourenço, pelo carinho, dedicação e valores passados. À minha orientadora Vânia Lúcia pela atenção e dedicação, pela amizade, pelos conselhos científicos e maternais, e por acreditar no meu potencial. Ao meu co-orientador Rafael Silva Duarte pelos conselhos, exemplo, pelo acolhimento em seu laboratório, por ter aberto importantes portas para a realização do trabalho e postura profissional admirável. À professora Lúcia Martins Teixeira pelo exemplo de dedicação e profissionalismo e seriedade, permitindo o desenvolvimento deste trabalho em seu laboratório. Aos companheiros de jornada diária do Laboratório de Apoio Biotecnológico, Andréia, Felipe, Filomena, Jaqueline, Natália, Aline, Sandrine, Tatiana, Luciana, Daniela, Daniele, Stephanie, Ana Carolina, Sabrina e Adriana pela ajuda, amizade e risadas nos momentos de cansaço. À Beatriz Monteiro por todos os ensinamentos, críticas, sugestões e soluções. Por ter sido meu braço esquerdo e direito. Pelo apoio incondicional, sempre acompanhado de um conselho sincero e maduro, permitindo não somente o desenvolvimento deste projeto, como a minha evolução profissional e pessoal. Pelas conversas malucas, brincadeiras, mas sempre com nosso compromisso de manter o FOCO. Por ser uma pessoa fantástica. Aos também companheiros de jornada do Laboratório de Micobactérias Marlei, Ana Carolina, Fábrice, Vinícius, Pedro, Marcus, Karen, Carol e Patrícia, pela amizade, risadas e momentos agradáveis que aliviam a tensão do cotidiano. Aos meus amigos de Graduação em Farmácia Patrícia, Fernando, Luzia, Mariana, Mazinho, Ricardo e demais que por circunstâncias da vida não convivem, agradeço o incentivo, apoio e carinho dispensados. vii À família que nos é permitida escolher. Ana Paula, Marcelo, Raquel, Felipe, Carol, Natália Brandão e Natália Souto, memórias incríveis de dias felizes e tristes, sempre contando com companheirismo e amizade de todos, levarei para o resto da Vida. A Henrique, Tânia e Nathalia Brazão pelo carinho, compreensão, amizade, acolhimento, apoio e incentivo. À família Miranda, Roseclere e Carlos Alberto, por sempre manterem as portas abertas, pela amizade e incentivo. A vovó Didi e toda a sua família, pela amizade, carinho e apoio por todos esses anos. A Celso Caheté e demais companheiros pelas conversas, ensinamentos e ajuda. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) e Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). viii Embora ninguém possa voltar atrás e fazer um novo começo, qualquer um pode começar agora e fazer um novo fim. Francisco Cândido Xavier ix RESUMO CARVALHO, Guilherme da Silva Lourenço. Formação de biofilme por espécies de Streptococcus. 2012. 79f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Microbiologia) – Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2012. O gênero Streptococcus compreende espécies clinicamente importantes que são responsáveis por uma grande variedade de pelo sucesso destes microrganismos na persistência de algumas infecções. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar e comparar a formação de biofilmes por 19 espécies do gênero associadas a infecções humanas e animais. Biofilmes foram formados nos meios BHI, THB e HIB e em diferentes concentrações de glicose ou de sacarose, e avaliados pelo método semiquantitativo do cristal violeta. A influência de ampicilina e de eritromicina sobre a atividade e biomassa dos biofilmes foi avaliada por de ensaios de viabilidade utilizando azul de Alamar e pelo método semiquantitativo do cristal violeta, respectivamente. A presença de DNA e proteínas na substância polimérica extracelular foi determinada em ensaios de destacamento, após tratamento com DNase ou proteinase K. A arquitetura dos biofilmes e a distribuição de células vivas e mortas foram observadas por microscopia ótica de luz e confocal de varredura a laser (MCVL). Todas as amostras foram produtoras de biofilmes. As espécies S. pyogenes e S. agalactiae foram fortes produtoras, de acordo com os padrões definidos (DO570nm > 1,0). Os valores de DO dos biofilmes formados em diferentes meios de cultura variaram de acordo com a espécie. A adição de açúcares, resultou no aumento da biomassa dos biofilmes. Porém, este aumento não foi proporcional a concentração. As concentrações mais favoráveis de glicose variaram entre as espécies. Entretanto, a maioria apresentou maior biomassa em 0,25% de glicose. Para a sacarose, os resultados não variaram muito nas diferentes concentrações testadas. A concentração inibitória do biofilme (CIB) para ampicilina e eritromicina atingiu valores superiores a 40.000 vezes se comparada a CIM de células em cultura. As espécies que apresentaram CIBs menores foram: S. suis, 80 µg/mL para ampicilina e eritromicina; S. porci 640 µg/mL apenas para ampicilina e S. pyogenes, 640 µg/mL apenas eritromicina. Entretanto, a maioria das espécies apresentou valores de biomassa semelhantes ao biofilme controle, na ausência de antimicrobianos. Os dados obtidos revelaram que tanto ampicilina quanto eritromicina quando em concentrações equivalentes a ½ da CIM induziram significativamente a formação de biofilme. O tratamento com proteinase K causou uma redução dos biofilmes da maioria das amostras. Porém, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp equisimilis, S. iniae, S. mutans, S. parauberis, S. porcinus e S. pyogenes foram as que apresentaram valores significativos (p<0,05) sugerindo a formação de estruturas ricas em proteínas. O tratamento com DNaseI resultou no destacamento dos biofilmes produzidos por S. agalatiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp equisimilis, S. equi subsp equi, S. pyogenes e S. urinalis. Entretanto, considerando-se os dois controles utilizados nos testes apenas os resultados obtidos para as amostras de S. agalactiae e S. pyogenes apresentaram resultados significativos (p<0,05). S. agalactiae e S. pyogenes apresentaram imagens representativas de maior biomassa, onde foram observadas regiões compostas por filamentos longos, que a coloração utilizada demonstrou serem constituídos de DNA extracelular. A MCVL revelou variações na relação entre a quantidade de células vivas e mortas, sugerindo tempos de maturação
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