DOCSLIB.ORG

T R E a T Y S E R I E S C U M U L a T I V E I N D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
T R E a T Y S E R I E S C U M U L a T I V E I N D T r e a t y S e r i e s Treaties and international agreements registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat of the United Nations C u m u l a t i v e I n d e x No. 41 (Volumes 2201 to 2250) I. Treaties Nos. 39026 to 40105 (Registered) II. Treaties Nos. 1255 to 1269 (Filed and Recorded) UNITED NATIONS New York, 2005 Copyright © United Nations, 2005 All rights reserved. Printed by the United Nations Reproduction Section, New York. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, i.e., electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the United Nations. Copyright © Nations Unies, 2005 Tous droits réservés. Imprimé par la Section de la reproduction des Nations Unies, New York. La reproduction, l’archivage ou la transmission,même partiels, de la présente publication sous quelque forme que ce soit par des moyens électroniques ou mécaniques, par photocopié, par enregistrement ou par tout moyen, sont subordonnés à l’autorisation préalable, donné par écrit, de l’Organisation des Nations Unies. Treaties and international agreements registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat of the United Nations CUMULATIVE INDEX No. 41 Volumes 2201 to 2250 (December 2002 - March 2004) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page General Introduction . v Chronological Index . 5 Alphabetical Index . 269 -iii- NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT Under Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations every treaty and every international agreement entered into by any Member of the United Nations after the coming into force of the Charter shall, as soon as possible, be registered with the Secretariat and published by it. Furthermore, no party to a treaty or international agreement subject to registration which has not been registered may invoke that treaty or agreement before any organ of the United Nations. The General Assembly, by resolution 97 (I), established regulations to give effect to Article 102 of the Charter (see text of the regulations, vol. 859, p. VIII). The terms "treaty" and "international agreement" have not been defined either in the Charter or in the regulations, and the Secretariat follows the principle that it acts in accordance with the position of the Member State submitting an instrument for registration that so far as that party is concerned the instrument is a treaty or an international agreement within the meaning of Article 102. Registration of an instrument submitted by a Member State, therefore, does not imply a judgement by the Secretariat on the nature of the instrument, the status of a party or any similar question. It is the understanding of the Secretariat that its action does not confer on the instrument the status of a treaty or an international agreement if it does not already have that status and does not confer on a party a status which it would not otherwise have. - iv- GENERAL INTRODUCTION This is the fortieth volume of the United Nations Treaty Series Cumulative Index. It is based on the same revised format first implemented in United Nations Treaty Series Cumulative Index No. 26*. This volume covers the treaties and international agreements contained in volumes 2201 to 2250 of the United Nations Treaty Series (UNTS). The volume consists of two main sections, each preceded by an explanatory note. In the first section, "Chronological Index", treaties and international agreements are listed in the order of the dates on which they were first adopted, signed or opened for signature or accession, etc. Any subsequent agreements and/or actions relating to the original agreement are to be found under the date of the original instrument. The second section, "Alphabetical Index", refers to treaties and international agreements by a party and by subject. In the present volume, all multilateral instruments (including those that appeared in volumes 1-12 as part of a special section "General International Agreements") are listed in the first section. References Unlike previous volumes (up to vol. 25), entries in both sections no longer contain references to UNTS page numbers, and references to volumes outside the range of the present index are now shown in parenthesis. Treaty numbers for instruments included in the United Nations Treaty Series consist of a Roman numeral or capital letter and an Arabic numeral, joined by a colon (i.e., I:40105; II:1269; A:1070; B:938; C:4010). The Roman numeral I signifies treaties and international agreements registered with the Secretariat; Roman numeral II signifies treaties and international agreements filed and recorded by the Secretariat. The letters A or B indicate subsequent instruments which fall within categories I and II, respectively. The Arabic numeral indicates the serial number assigned to the instrument within categories I or II , A or B. Treaties and international agreements appearing in the League of Nations Treaty Series are identified by the symbol "LoN" followed by the Arabic number of the treaty registration. Volume numbers in the United Nations Treaty Series are in Arabic numerals; those in the League of Nations Treaty Series are in Roman numerals. Dates of actions such as accession, declaration, ratification, etc., are the dates of deposit of the corresponding instrument or notification. An agreement marked with an asterisk indicates limited publication effected in accordance with article 12 (2) of the General Assembly regulations to give effect to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations as amended in the last instance by General Assembly resolution 33/141 A of 19 December 1978. (For the text of the regulations see UNTS vol.859, page VIII). * Note: The data contained in The United Nations Treaty Series Cumulative Index was formerly extracted entirely from United Nations Treaty Series volumes. Currently, however, records are drawn from a new treaty database and updated to conform to corresponding entries published in the UNTS. The reader should bear in mind that occasional irregularities in data may appear in the Index as a result of this new methodology . -v- C H R O N O L O G I C A L I N D E X EXPLANATORY NOTE (See also the GENERAL INTRODUCTION) The Chronological Index is a list of treaties and international agreements arranged by order of date(s) on which they were originally adopted, signed or opened for signature or accession. The Chronological Index includes the following data and sequence: (I) date (year, day, month) on which the instrument was concluded; (II) full title of the original agreement, including parties in the case of bilateral and closed multilateral agreements, and date(s) of conclusion; (III) full title(s) of subsequent agreement(s) and/or action(s); (IV) signatories (United Nations Agreements only); (V) authentic languages of agreements; (VI) treaty number; and (VII) volume number. In using the Index, however, it should be noted that: (a) Where an instrument bears more than one date, it appears under the earliest date, and See-references are made under succeeding dates directing the reader to the date under which the full entry can be found. (b) Subsequent actions (e.g., amendments, extensions, modifications, etc.) to bilateral instruments are listed under the date of the original instrument. If the original instrument was included in a previous UNTS Cumulative Index, any subsequent actions found in volumes 2201 to 2250 are entered under the earliest date when the change in the status of the instrument recorded in those volumes occurred. (c) Any formalities (e.g., amendments, modifications, withdrawals, etc.) affecting the status of a multilateral instrument are entered under the date of the original instrument. If a multilateral instrument appears for the first time in volumes 2201 to 2250, the volume where it can be found is indicated in the corresponding columns at the right margin. Please, also note that: (1) The See-reference is used to refer to an original instrument by date only. (2) The See also-reference is no longer used in the present Index nor will it be included in future Indexes. (3) Information on simple signatures for multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary- General (ex-officio agreements) which are not subject to registration is provided in the index for the benefit of a comprehensive legal research. 1902 Treaty Series - Cumulative Index No. 41 Lang Reg Vol 41 40105 2201 1255 2250 1269 39026 2005 1902 28 May Chile and Argentina: General Treaty on arbitration between Chile and Argentina. Spanish II-1269 2246 Santiago, 28 May 1902. Entry into force: 22 September 1902. 1919 28 Nov Multilateral: Convention (No. 5) fixing the minimum age for admission of children to English, I-588 (38) industrial employment, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946. French Washington, 28 November 1919. Entry into force: 13 June 1921. DENUNCIATION Côte d'Ivoire, 7 Feb 2003 (Denunciation (pursuant to the ratification of Conven- A-588 2220 tion No. 138, in accordance with article 10)) Fiji, 3 Jan 2003 (Denunciation (pursuant to the ratification of Convention No. 138, A-588 2220 in accordance with article 10)) Grenada, 14 May 2003 (Denunciation (pursuant to the ratification of Convention A-588 2230 No. 138, in accordance with article 10)) Guinea, 6 Jun 2003 (Denunciation (pursuant to the ratification of Convention No. A-588 2230 138, in accordance with article 10)) Swaziland, 23 Oct 2002 (Denunciation (pursuant to the ratification of Convention A-588 2210 No. 138, in accordance with article 10)) Uganda, 25 Mar 2003 (Denunciation (pursuant to the ratification of Convention A-588 2220 No. 138, in accordance with article 10)) Viet Nam, 24 Jun 2003 (Denunciation (pursuant to the ratification of Convention A-588 2230 No. 138, in accordance with article 10)) 28 Nov Multilateral: Convention (No.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Malta: Selected Essays in Governance and Public Administration
    Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies (MEDAC) Malta: Selected Essays in Governance and Public Administration Godfrey A. Pirotta Med Agenda MEDAC Publications in Mediterranean IR and Diplomacy Malta: Selected Essays in Governance and Public Administration Godfrey A. Pirotta Prof. Godfrey A. Pirotta Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies (MEDAC) Malta: Selected Essays in Governance and Public Administration Godfrey A. Pirotta Malta, January 2021 Med Agenda MEDAC Publications in Mediterranean IR and Diplomacy Table Of Contents 5 About the author 6 Preface 10 Acknowledgments Part 1 12 Bread, Language and Civil Service Employment 25 From Hymn to National Anthem 32 Building a New Parliament House 48 Maltese Political Parties and Political Modernization 62 The Malta Labor Party and the Church: Building the Democratic State: 1921-1976 86 Struggling for a Role: Women and Politics in Malta 106 Malta’s Foreign Policy After Mintoff 111 The Challenge of European Membership: A Study of Malta’s Parliament Approach to the Issue 1962-87 133 The Disciplines of Politics and Public Administration in Malta 150 Photo Inset Part 2 158 Future of the Public Service 166 Politics and Public Service Reform in Small States: Malta 178 The Organization of Public Administration and Civil Society: Comments and Remarks 186 L-Istat u t-Tmexxija tal-Istituzzjonijiet 196 Bringing Good Governance to Malta 202 A New Creation or an Image and Likeness? The Maltese Experience of Establishing Local Governance in a Centralized Micro-State 218 Public Administration Education and Training in Small States: The Case of Malta 1950-1995 242 A Farewell to Paternalism Through Public Enterprise? Privatisation in the Small Island State of Malta 258-270 The Politics of Public Expenditure in Malta Pirotta – Malta: Selected Essays in Governance and Public Administration About the author GODFREY A.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlling Migratory Flows in Malta (
    n°403/2 September 2004 International Federation for Human Rights Report International Fact-Finding Mission Locking up foreigners, deterring refugees: controlling migratory flows in Malta 1- MISSION BACKGROUND . 5 2- MALTESE IMMIGRATION POLICY - BACKGROUND. 7 3- THE FACTS. 9 4- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 33 Appendix 1- Bibliography . 36 Appendix 2- Note on the principles relating to the detention of Asylum Seekers in international legal instruments . 37 Appendix 3- Documents Given to the Asylum Seekers . 39 Locking up foreigners, deterring refugees: controlling migratory flows in Malta Table of Contents 1- MISSION BACKGROUND . 5 1-1 Purpose of the mission and mandate . 5 1-2 Persons and NGOs met. 5 1-3 A series of recent investigations . 6 2- MALTESE IMMIGRATION POLICY - BACKGROUND. 7 2-1 Lying along the migration route from the South to Europe . 7 2-2 Constraints cited by Malta. 7 2-3 EU accession: a further constraint . 8 3- THE FACTS. 9 3-1 Systematic detention of foreigners . 9 3-1.1 Detention of "illegal" foreigners as a way to control immigration. 9 3-1.1.1 The basis for a policy of generalized detention of immigrants 3-1.1.2 Detention centers for foreigners 3-1.2 Living conditions in the camps. 13 3-1.2.1 Material conditions are precarious but nonetheless perennial 3-1.2.2 Numerous psychological problems 3-1.3 Young children are also in detention . 19 3-2 A 'trompe-l'oeil' Right to asylum . 20 3-2.1 Refugee law: from theory to reality. 20 3-2.1.1 The situation before 2001 3-2.1.2 The new context of seeking asylum in Malta 3-2.1.3 A look at the Refugee Act XX of 2000 3-2.1.4 The procedural framework 3-2.2 The asylum procedure in practice .
    [Show full text]
  • Malta's EU Story
    MALTA’S EU STORY HOW TEN YEARS OF EU MEMBERSHIP HAVE CHANGED THE COUNTRY MALTA’S EU STORY HOW TEN YEARS OF EU MEMBERSHIP HAVE CHANGED THE COUNTRY A Discussion Paper June 2014 Lead Author - Patrick Tabone Research - Veronica Nardelli MALTA’S EU STORY: HOW TEN YEARS OF EU MEMBERSHIP HAVE CHANGED THE COUNTRY A Discussion Paper Published by The Today Public Policy Institute Lead Author: Patrick Tabone Presented to the Prime Minister, June 2014 The Today Public Policy Institute is an autonomous, not-for-profit, non-governmental organisation. Its mission is to promote wide understanding of strategic issues of national importance and to help in the development and implementation of sound public policies. In pursuit of this mission, it sponsors or initiates research on specific national problems, encourages solutions to those problems and facilitates public debate on them. It is not affiliated to any political party or movement. Its Board is made up of the following individuals: Martin Scicluna (Director General), Michael Bonello, Sina Bugeja, Stephen Calleya, Juanito Camilleri, Petra Caruana Dingli, John Cassar White, George Debono, Mark Anthony Falzon, Michael Frendo, Martin Galea, Joseph Sammut, Joseph V. Tabone, Clare Vassallo, John Vassallo and Joseph F.X. Zahra. Board members participate in The Today Public Policy Institute on a voluntary basis and in their personal capacity. Their association with the Institute and with the specific reports produced for the Institute by Lead Authors in the think-tank is without prejudice to the policies and positions of their respective institutions or organisations, nor does it necessarily imply the endorsement by each Board member of the conclusions and recommendations presented in such reports.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Document Template
    Copyright by Peter Harris 2015 The Dissertation Committee for Peter Harris Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Global Gatekeeping: How Great Powers Respond to Rising States Committee: Bruce Buchanan, Supervisor Peter Trubowitz, Co-Supervisor Catherine Boone Terrence Chapman Patrick McDonald Jeremi Suri Global Gatekeeping: How Great Powers Respond to Rising States by Peter Harris, M.A., M.Sc., M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2015 For Allison Acknowledgements I have incurred many debts during the course of preparing for and writing this dissertation and it gives me great pleasure finally to be able to acknowledge those who have lent their support. First, Peter Trubowitz has been an excellent dissertation chair and, before that, faculty adviser. From contacting me via email after I was accepted into the University of Texas at Austin, through the coursework phase of my graduate training and right up until the defense of this dissertation manuscript, he has been an unstinting source of encouragement, mentorship and guidance. It will be obvious to anybody familiar with our work that mine takes a liberal dose of inspiration from his. I think that good doctoral training should resemble an apprenticeship and I am grateful that I was able to learn my craft alongside a true master of the art. Bruce Buchanan, too, has been a dependable ally within the Department of Government ever since my earliest dealings with him.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion, Tolerance and Discrimination in Malta
    RELIGION, TOLERANCE AND DISCRIMINATION IN MALTA ALFRED GRECH Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief Political legitimacy is a central issue. Since religion can be a powerful legitimizing force for society, the likelihood of achieving religious liberty, and therefore non-discrimination on the basis of religion is often reduced to the extent that the regime’s political legitimacy is weak. Such a regime is likely to exploit the legitimizing power of the dominant religion with the corresponding risks of oppression for dissenting groups. A State which is confessional, or has a dominant religion may be a democracy in its own right, and may also embrace human rights guarantees, but to what extent is the fundamental right to freedom of conscience safeguarded when the State decides how far and to what extent a ruling religion or the religion of the state determines or interferes with the political life of the country? It would appear that in situations like these the majority or the ruling class can determine the religious rights of everyone including the dissenting minority, which does not identify itself with the State religion. In such a case religion or the state religion interferes with, if it does not determine the political agenda.1 Article 2 of the Constitution of Malta provides: 2 (1) The religion of Malta is the Roman Catholic Apostolic Religion. (2) The authorities of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church have the duty and the right to teach which principles are right and which are wrong. (3) Religious teaching of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Faith shall be provided in all State schools as part of compulsory education.
    [Show full text]
  • Language and Nationhood in the Maltese Experience Some Comparative and Theoretical Approaches
    LANGUAGE AND NATIONHOOD IN THE MALTESE EXPERIENCE SOME COMPARATIVE AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES Henry Frendo Faculty of Arts ABSTRACT In searching for Malta through her language question over the past two centuries, this comparative study posits a theory of the margins: where empires meet, periphery reaches out for mainstream, both revealing and transforming itself in the process. Accompanying this painful confrontational engagement, there are assimilation-resistance paradigms peculiar to the culture clash in colonial politics; these tend to be more pronounced and risky on the geographical fringes, in outposts between boundaries. Responses to divisi"8 colonial policy on language status demonstrate how there is no simple historical or psychological correlation between native language and national identity, and no de rigeur monolingual nationhood. Discourse on language, culture and nationality can be a statement about what people think and feel about themselves rather than about a particular language per se. English snuggled Maltese to oust Italian, would the nest-builder now become a cuckoo? Or had the vernacular's buttre.ssed emer­ gence as an official language mirrored the nation's own growing-up, the language anguish having been, like a soul in purgatory, its catharsis? 440 HENRY FRENDO Looking back with the advantage of hindsight at my Malta writings over the past 25 years, I realise that the main questions I was really asking about Malta were also indirectly questions about myself, as a Maltese, starved of self-understand­ ing in time and space.' Einar Haugen used to say that motivated research usually results from wishing to solve a 'personal' problem; his was that his immigrant parents in the U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Country Review
    Malta 2016 Country Review http://www.countrywatch.com Table of Contents Chapter 1 1 Country Overview 1 Country Overview 2 Key Data 3 Malta 4 Europe 5 Chapter 2 7 Political Overview 7 History 8 Political Conditions 9 Political Risk Index 16 Political Stability 30 Freedom Rankings 45 Human Rights 57 Government Functions 59 Government Structure 61 Principal Government Officials 65 Leader Biography 68 Leader Biography 68 Foreign Relations 70 National Security 74 Defense Forces 75 Chapter 3 77 Economic Overview 77 Economic Overview 78 Nominal GDP and Components 96 Population and GDP Per Capita 98 Real GDP and Inflation 99 Government Spending and Taxation 100 Money Supply, Interest Rates and Unemployment 101 Foreign Trade and the Exchange Rate 102 Data in US Dollars 103 Energy Consumption and Production Standard Units 104 Energy Consumption and Production QUADS 106 World Energy Price Summary 107 CO2 Emissions 108 Agriculture Consumption and Production 109 World Agriculture Pricing Summary 111 Metals Consumption and Production 112 World Metals Pricing Summary 115 Economic Performance Index 116 Chapter 4 128 Investment Overview 128 Foreign Investment Climate 129 Foreign Investment Index 133 Corruption Perceptions Index 146 Competitiveness Ranking 157 Taxation 166 Stock Market 167 Partner Links 167 Chapter 5 168 Social Overview 168 People 169 Human Development Index 170 Life Satisfaction Index 174 Happy Planet Index 185 Status of Women 194 Global Gender Gap Index 197 Culture and Arts 207 Etiquette 208 Travel Information 208 Diseases/Health Data 217 Chapter 6 223 Environmental Overview 223 Environmental Issues 224 Environmental Policy 224 Greenhouse Gas Ranking 226 Global Environmental Snapshot 237 Global Environmental Concepts 248 Malta Chapter 1 Country Overview Malta Review 2016 Page 1 of 299 pages Malta Country Overview MALTA Malta is an island nation state located in the Mediterranean Sea to the south of the Italian island of Sicily -- between Europe and North Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • UNHCR Malta Magazine 2018
    MOVING FORWARD UNHCR MALTA MAGAZINE | 2018 Inside: Sharing Cultures MEET THE REFUGEES WHO ARE CONTRIBUTING TO MALTA SPARK15 ULLAH’S In pictures: With a special feature: The first youth STORY RESCUE REFUGEES led NGO AT SEA IN GOZO EDITORIAL: group of Somali youth playing football at the Luxol ground and a radio campaign featuring an Ethiopian Beyond the tragedy wife and husband who opened a restaurant in Msida there is another story among many other stories we feature online. In a way, this magazine is the culmination of this effort. UNHCR is very proud to launch this magazine as a Inside this magazine, you will read some outstanding testament to both an enduring and changing Malta. stories of refugees creating opportunities in Malta for themselves and for the wider community by opening Some years ago we conducted an in-house study of businesses, such as an Ethiopian restaurant co-owned media content on how refugees are featured in the by an Ethiopian couple and a Maltese man. Their local press. Not surprisingly, we found that many story was featured on a radio program to showcase stories focused on rescue operations, with some their journey and experience, countering some of the attention on the reception conditions, but very little more negative narratives. They are entrepreneurs, on what happened to refugees while living in Malta. employing people and contributing to Malta's economic growth. Following these findings, we made an effort to bring to the public attention the stories of refugees who There is also the unique story of Farah - a transgender are living and working in Malta.
    [Show full text]
  • Counter-Memorial of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
    COUNTER-MEMORIAL OF THE LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA CONTRE-MÉMOIRE DE LA JAMAHIRIYA ARABE LIBYENNE VOLUME 1 INTRODUCTION 1. This Counter-Mernorial is filed in accordance with Article 4 of the Special Agreement signed by the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jainahiriya ("Libya") and the Republic of Tunisia ("Tunisia") on 10 June 1977 in Tunis (the "Special Agreement1") and the Order made by the President of the Court in the present case on 3 June 1980 fixing 2 February 1981 as the time-limit for the filing of a Counter-Memorial by Libya'. The English translation of the Special Agreement prepared by Libya frorn the original Arabic tex1 is set out at pages 2 and 3 of the Libyan Memorial filed on 30 May 1980 in the present proceedings (the "Libyan Memorial"). 2. The purpase of this Counter-Mernorial is to reply to the contentions made in the Tunisian Memorial filed on 30 May 1980 in the present proceedings (the "Tunisian Memoria13") and, as may be necessary, to supplement the cons ide ration^ of fact and law set forth in the Libyan Memorial. SECTION 1. General Assessrnent of the Tunisian Case as Now Presented 3. The Tunisian Mernorial is written in a most elegant style, and with seductive subtlety. Yet, on even a superficial examination, the lack of real substance and pertinence becomes apparent. The slanted account of "The Genesis of the Dispute" in Part 1, Chapter 1 of the Tunisian Memorial is largely based on the unjustified assumption that Tunisia's claims were well-founded while those of Libya were not.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Childhood Education in Small Island States: a Very British Story
    EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN SMALL ISLAND STATES i EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN SMALL ISLAND STATES ii Early Childhood Education in Small Island States: A Very British Story Anna Baldacchino A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield School of Education Submission Date: September 2018 EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN SMALL ISLAND STATES iii Abstract How postcolonialism has impacted primary, secondary and tertiary education in small island states (defined as those each with a resident population of up to one million) is well documented. This research study is inspired by postcolonial theory, island studies and small state studies, extending this analysis to the practice and pedagogy of early childhood education (2 - 5 years) in such countries. The study explores the origins and character of colonial lingering in the pedagogy and practice of early childhood education in small island states, with special reference to Malta and Grenada, both former British colonies. Interviews, observations and focus groups have been conducted in both countries. An online questionnaire was completed by 64 individuals residing in the world’s 27 small island states, (and of which 20 secured independence from Britain). The research findings suggest a colonial lingering in early childhood education in small island states. Manifestations of this include: the preference for school uniforms; the widespread use of standard English as the language of instruction; a top-down, exam-driven pedagogy that obliges an early start to schooling; and a strong focus on literacy and numeracy in the early years. There are also restrictions in play-based learning; and story books, weather and alphabet charts that are not necessarily relevant to the country’s culture and tradition and written in the English language, even though Malta and Grenada have their own vernacular.
    [Show full text]
  • Church and State Relations in the Constitution of Malta
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Analecta Cracoviensia Polonia Sacra 22 (2018) nr 2 (51) ∙ s. 175–199 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/ps.2505 Kevin Aquilina1 University of Malta Church and State Relations in the Constitution of Malta The Constitution of Malta (hereinafter ‘the Constitution’), the highest law of the land, regulates the relationship between the Catholic Church and the State of Malta. This is because there are a number of provisions in the Constitution which refer to the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church and to religion as discussed below. First, there is the provision which includes the Catholic religion amongst the state’s symbols. Then there is the provision which regulates the teaching of religion in state schools. Finally, there are provisions in the Constitution which deal with freedom of conscience and worship. It is understandable that the Constitution contains such provisions on the Church and on religion because Malta is a Catholic country. However, this paper recounts, from a historic and le- gal perspective, that recent secularisation trends are eroding the special status that the Church and the Catholic religion have enjoyed in Maltese society and, the more time passes, it appears that Malta is moving in the footsteps of Western Europe of losing its religious character to substi- tute it with a more secular outlook. This is evident from the legislation surveyed in this paper which tends to inspire itself less for the making 1 Professor Kevin Aquilina is the Dean of the Faculty of Laws at the University of Malta.
    [Show full text]
  • Independence and Freedom
    The Last Lap: Independence and Freedom r"$' IThe title of this chapter really says it all: what mattered most in attaining independence was that this ushered in experimental years of internal freedom. Many ex-colonies - too many - obtained independence and became unfit to live in, producing refugees by the thousand. That certainly did not happen in Borg Olivier's Malta.1 By 1969 emigration reached rock bottom, return migration grew, settlers came to Malta from overseas. The economy boomed, creating problems of a different kind in its wake. But these were not so much problems of freedom as of economic well-being and learning to live together and to pull through: there was no repression whatsoever.1 On the contrary the MLP criticism (and a popular joke) was this: tgliajjatx gliax tqajjem il-gvem! Government became rather inconspicuous, unobtrusive, intruding only perhaps by a certain apathy, as well as increasingly a lagging commitment on the part of Borg Olivier's ageing team, especially after 1969. Borg Olivier himself, having attained independence, was no longer at his prime, and his unfortunate private and family foibles did nothing to enhance his delivery. In spite of all that, the election result in 1971 was a very close shave indeed. The Nationalist Party, in government since 1962, did not even have a daily newspaper until 1970, on the eve of the election! By contrast the GWU daily L-Orizzont, started in 1962, and other pro-MLP organs lambasted the Borg 230 Malta's Quest for Independence Olivier administration constantly, and frequently enough, mercilessly. 1970 also saw the use of the GWU strike as a full-scale political weapon when dockyard workers were ordered to strike for months, disrupting the island's major industry mainly on the issue of flexibility.
    [Show full text]