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Oil Shale and Tar Sands
Fundamentals of Materials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Editors David S. Ginley and David Cahen Oil shale and tar sands James W. Bunger 11 JWBA, Inc., Energy Technology and Engineering, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 11.1 Focus 11.2 Synopsis Tar sands and oil shale are “uncon- Oil shale and tar sands occur in dozens of countries around the world. With in-place ventional” oil resources. Unconven- resources totaling at least 4 trillion barrels (bbl), they exceed the world's remaining tional oil resources are characterized petroleum reserves, which are probably less than 2 trillion bbl. As petroleum becomes by their solid, or near-solid, state harder to produce, oil shale and tar sands are finding economic and thermodynamic under reservoir conditions, which parity with petroleum. Thermodynamic parity, e.g., similarity in the energy cost requires new, and sometimes of producing energy, is a key indicator of economic competitiveness. unproven, technology for their Oil is being produced on a large commercial scale by Canada from tar sands, recovery. For tar sands the hydrocar- and to a lesser extent by Venezuela. The USA now imports well over 2 million barrels bon is a highly viscous bitumen; for of oil per day from Canada, the majority of which is produced from tar sands. oil shale, it is a solid hydrocarbon Production of oil from oil shale is occurring in Estonia, China, and Brazil albeit on called “kerogen.” Unconventional smaller scales. Importantly, the USA is the largest holder of oil-shale resources. oil resources are found in greater For that reason alone, and because of the growing need for imports in the USA, quantities than conventional petrol- oil shale will receive greater development attention as petroleum supplies dwindle. -
Climate and Energy Benchmark in Oil and Gas Insights Report
Climate and Energy Benchmark in Oil and Gas Insights Report Partners XxxxContents Introduction 3 Five key findings 5 Key finding 1: Staying within 1.5°C means companies must 6 keep oil and gas in the ground Key finding 2: Smoke and mirrors: companies are deflecting 8 attention from their inaction and ineffective climate strategies Key finding 3: Greatest contributors to climate change show 11 limited recognition of emissions responsibility through targets and planning Key finding 4: Empty promises: companies’ capital 12 expenditure in low-carbon technologies not nearly enough Key finding 5:National oil companies: big emissions, 16 little transparency, virtually no accountability Ranking 19 Module Summaries 25 Module 1: Targets 25 Module 2: Material Investment 28 Module 3: Intangible Investment 31 Module 4: Sold Products 32 Module 5: Management 34 Module 6: Supplier Engagement 37 Module 7: Client Engagement 39 Module 8: Policy Engagement 41 Module 9: Business Model 43 CLIMATE AND ENERGY BENCHMARK IN OIL AND GAS - INSIGHTS REPORT 2 Introduction Our world needs a major decarbonisation and energy transformation to WBA’s Climate and Energy Benchmark measures and ranks the world’s prevent the climate crisis we’re facing and meet the Paris Agreement goal 100 most influential oil and gas companies on their low-carbon transition. of limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Without urgent climate action, we will The Oil and Gas Benchmark is the first comprehensive assessment experience more extreme weather events, rising sea levels and immense of companies in the oil and gas sector using the International Energy negative impacts on ecosystems. -
Press Release
Press Release First quarter 2021 results With results of more than $3 billion, Total fully benefits from rebound in hydrocarbon prices LNG and renewables represent one-third of results Change Change 1Q21 1Q20 1Q19 vs 1Q20 vs 1Q19 Oil price - Brent ($/b) 61.1 50.1 +22% 63.1 -3% Average price of LNG ($/Mbtu) 6.1 6.3 -4% 7.2 -16% Variable cost margin - Refining Europe, VCM ($/t) 5.3 26.3 -80% 33.0 -84% Adjusted net income (Group share)1 - in billions of dollars (B$) 3.0 1.8 69% 2.8 +9% - in dollars per share 1.10 0.66 +68% 1.02 +8% DACF1 (B$) 5.8 4.3 +34% 6.3 -8% Cash Flow from operations (B$) 5.6 1.3 x4.3 3.6 +54% Net income (Group share) of 3.3 B$ in 1Q21 Net-debt-to-capital ratio of 19.5% at March 31, 2021 vs. 21.7% at December 31, 20202 Hydrocarbon production of 2,863 kboe/d in 1Q21, a decrease of 7% compared to 1Q20 First 2021 interim dividend set at 0.66 €/share 2 Paris, April 29, 2021 - The Board of Directors of Total SE, meeting on April 28, 2021, under the chairmanship of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Patrick Pouyanné, approved the Group's first quarter 2021 accounts. On this occasion, Patrick Pouyanné said: « In the first quarter, the Group fully benefited from rising oil and gas prices, up 38% and 24%, respectively quarter-to- quarter, and its strategy to grow LNG and Renewables and Electricity. -
Deep Borehole Placement of Radioactive Wastes a Feasibility Study
DEEP BOREHOLE PLACEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES A FEASIBILITY STUDY Bernt S. Aadnøy & Maurice B. Dusseault Executive Summary Deep Borehole Placement (DBP) of modest amounts of high-level radioactive wastes from a research reactor is a viable option for Norway. The proposed approach is an array of large- diameter (600-750 mm) boreholes drilled at a slight inclination, 10° from vertical and outward from a central surface working site, to space 400-600 mm diameter waste canisters far apart to avoid any interactions such as significant thermal impacts on the rock mass. We believe a depth of 1 km, with waste canisters limited to the bottom 200-300 m, will provide adequate security and isolation indefinitely, provided the site is fully qualified and meets a set of geological and social criteria that will be more clearly defined during planning. The DBP design is flexible and modular: holes can be deeper, more or less widely spaced, at lesser inclinations, and so on. This modularity and flexibility allow the principles of Adaptive Management to be used throughout the site selection, development, and isolation process to achieve the desired goals. A DBP repository will be in a highly competent, low-porosity and low-permeability rock mass such as a granitoid body (crystalline rock), a dense non-reactive shale (chloritic or illitic), or a tight sandstone. The rock matrix should be close to impermeable, and the natural fractures and bedding planes tight and widely spaced. For boreholes, we recommend avoiding any substance of questionable long-term geochemical stability; hence, we recommend that surface casings (to 200 m) be reinforced polymer rather than steel, and that the casing is sustained in the rock mass with an agent other than standard cement. -
Petroleum Engineering (PETE) | 1
Petroleum Engineering (PETE) | 1 PETE 3307 Reservoir Engineering I PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Fundamental properties of reservoir formations and fluids including reservoir volumetric, reservoir statics and dynamics. Analysis of Darcy's (PETE) law and the mechanics of single and multiphase fluid flow through reservoir rock, capillary phenomena, material balance, and reservoir drive PETE 3101 Drilling Engineering I Lab mechanisms. Preparation, testing and control of rotary drilling fluid systems. API Prerequisites: PETE 3310 and PETE 3311 recommended diagnostic testing of drilling fluids for measuring the PETE 3310 Res Rock & Fluid Properties physical properties of drilling fluids, cements and additives. A laboratory Introduction to basic reservoir rock and fluid properties and the study of the functions and applications of drilling and well completion interaction between rocks and fluids in a reservoir. The course is divided fluids. Learning the rig floor simulator for drilling operations that virtually into three sections: rock properties, rock and fluid properties (interaction resembles the drilling and well control exercises. between rock and fluids), and fluid properties. The rock properties Corequisites: PETE 3301 introduce the concepts of, Lithology of Reservoirs, Porosity and PETE 3110 Res Rock & Fluid Propert Lab Permeability of Rocks, Darcy's Law, and Distribution of Rock Properties. Experimental study of oil reservoir rocks and fluids and their interrelation While the Rock and Fluid Properties Section covers the concepts of, applied -
New Petrophysical Magnetic Methods MACC and MAFM in Permeability
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 14, EGU2012-13161, 2012 EGU General Assembly 2012 © Author(s) 2012 New petrophysical magnetic methods MACC and MAFM in permeability characterisation of petroleum reservoir rock cleaning, flooding modelling and determination of fines migration in formation damage O. P. Ivakhnenko Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kazakh-British Technical University, 59 Tolebi Str. Almaty, Kazakhstan ([email protected]; [email protected]/Fax: +7 727 2720487) Potential applications of magnetic techniques and methods in petroleum engineering and petrophysics (Ivakhnenko, 1999, 2006; Ivakhnenko & Potter, 2004) reveal their vast advantages for the petroleum reser- voir characterisation and formation evaluation. In this work author proposes for the first time developed systematic methods of the Magnetic Analysis of Core Cleaning (MACC) and Magnetic Analysis of Fines Migration (MAFM) for characterisation of reservoir core cleaning and modelling estimations of fines migration for the petroleum reservoir formations. Using example of the one oil field we demonstrate results in application of these methods on the reservoir samples. Petroleum reservoir cores samples have been collected within reservoir using routine technique of reservoir sampling and preservation for PVT analysis. Immediately before the MACC and MAFM studies samples have been exposed to atmospheric air for a few days. The selected samples have been in detailed way characterised after fluid cleaning and core flooding by their mineralogical compositions and petrophysical parameters. Mineralogical composition has been estimated utilizing XRD techniques. The petrophysical parameters, such as permeability and porosity have been measured on the basis of total core analysis. The results demonstrate effectiveness and importance of the MACC and MAFM methods for the routine core analysis (RCAL) and the special core analysis (SCAL) in the reservoir characterisation, core flooding and formation damage analysis. -
Applied Earth Sciences Natural Resources from the Earth, Ranging from Engineers Know Where Those Resources Can Be Found Raw Materials to Energy
complement your academic studies, you will have the opportunity to work intensively with TU Delft’s partners in industry. For example, TU Delft is a participant in ISAPP (Integrated System Approach Petroleum Production), a large collaborative project involving TU Delft, Shell and TNO established for the purpose of boosting oil production by improving the flow of oil and water in oil reservoirs, and CATO, a consortium doing research on the collection, transport and storage of CO2. Managing the Earth’s resources for today and tomorrow Programme tracks • Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences covers both the technologies involved in extracting petroleum from the Earth, and the tools for assessing hydrocarbon reservoirs to gain an MSc Programme understanding of their potential. The track is divided into two specialisations: Petroleum Engineering covers all upstream Applied Earth aspects from reservoir description and drilling techniques to field management and project Sciences economics. Reservoir Geology covers the use of modern measurement and computational methods to obtain a quantitative understanding of hydrocarbon reservoirs. • Applied Geophysics is a joint degree track offered collaboratively by TU Delft, ETH Zürich and RWTH Aachen University. It trains students in geophysical aspects of environmental and engineering studies and in the exploration, exploitation and management of hydrocarbon and geothermal energy. Disciplines covered include acoustic and electromagnetic wave theory, seismic data acquisition, imaging and interpretation, borehole logging, rock-fluid interaction and petroleum geology. Everything we build and use on the surface of our • Resource Engineering covers the extraction of planet comes from the Earth. Applied Earth Sciences natural resources from the Earth, ranging from engineers know where those resources can be found raw materials to energy. -
Annual Report on Form 20-F ANNUAL REPORT /2012 Annual Report on Form 20-F
ANNUAL REPORT /2012 Annual Report on Form 20-F ANNUAL REPORT /2012 Annual Report on Form 20-F The Annual Report on Form 20-F is our SEC filing for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, as submitted to the US Securities and Exchange Commission. The complete edition of our Annual Report is available online at www.statoil.com/2012 © Statoil 2013 STATOIL ASA BOX 8500 NO-4035 STAVANGER NORWAY TELEPHONE: +47 51 99 00 00 www.statoil.com Cover photo: Ole Jørgen Bratland Annual report on Form 20-F Cover Page 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 About the report 3 1.2 Key figures and highlights 4 2 Strategy and market overview 5 2.1 Our business environment 5 2.1.1 Market overview 5 2.1.2 Oil prices and refining margins 6 2.1.3 Natural gas prices 6 2.2 Our corporate strategy 7 2.3 Our technology 9 2.4 Group outlook 10 3 Business overview 11 3.1 Our history 11 3.2 Our business 12 3.3 Our competitive position 12 3.4 Corporate structure 13 3.5 Development and Production Norway (DPN) 14 3.5.1 DPN overview 14 3.5.2 Fields in production on the NCS 15 3.5.2.1 Operations North 17 3.5.2.2 Operations North Sea West 18 3.5.2.3 Operations North Sea East 19 3.5.2.4 Operations South 19 3.5.2.5 Partner-operated fields 20 3.5.3 Exploration on the NCS 20 3.5.4 Fields under development on the NCS 22 3.5.5 Decommissioning on the NCS 23 3.6 Development and Production International (DPI) 24 3.6.1 DPI overview 24 3.6.2 International production 25 3.6.2.1 North America 27 3.6.2.2 South America and sub-Saharan Africa 28 3.6.2.3 Middle East and North Africa 29 3.6.2.4 Europe and Asia -
Best Research Support and Anti-Plagiarism Services and Training
CleanScript Group – best research support and anti-plagiarism services and training List of oil field acronyms The oil and gas industry uses many jargons, acronyms and abbreviations. Obviously, this list is not anywhere near exhaustive or definitive, but this should be the most comprehensive list anywhere. Mostly coming from user contributions, it is contextual and is meant for indicative purposes only. It should not be relied upon for anything but general information. # 2D - Two dimensional (geophysics) 2P - Proved and Probable Reserves 3C - Three components seismic acquisition (x,y and z) 3D - Three dimensional (geophysics) 3DATW - 3 Dimension All The Way 3P - Proved, Probable and Possible Reserves 4D - Multiple Three dimensional's overlapping each other (geophysics) 7P - Prior Preparation and Precaution Prevents Piss Poor Performance, also Prior Proper Planning Prevents Piss Poor Performance A A&D - Acquisition & Divestment AADE - American Association of Drilling Engineers [1] AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists[2] AAODC - American Association of Oilwell Drilling Contractors (obsolete; superseded by IADC) AAR - After Action Review (What went right/wrong, dif next time) AAV - Annulus Access Valve ABAN - Abandonment, (also as AB) ABCM - Activity Based Costing Model AbEx - Abandonment Expense ACHE - Air Cooled Heat Exchanger ACOU - Acoustic ACQ - Annual Contract Quantity (in reference to gas sales) ACQU - Acquisition Log ACV - Approved/Authorized Contract Value AD - Assistant Driller ADE - Asphaltene -
Elasto-Plastic Deformation and Flow Analysis in Oil
ELASTO-PLASTIC DEFORMATION AND FLOW ANALYSIS IN OIL SAND MASSES by THILLAIKANAGASABAI SRITHAR B. Sc (Engineering), University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 1985 M. A. Sc. (Civil Engineering) University of British Columbia, 1989 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of CIVIL ENGINEERING We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April, 1994 © THILLAIKANAGASABAI SRITHAR, 1994 _______________________ In . presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. (Signature) Department of Civil Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date - A?R L 9 L DE-6 (2188) Abstract Prediction of stresses, deformations and fluid flow in oil sand layers are important in the design of an oil recovery process. In this study, an analytical formulation is developed to predict these responses, and implemented in both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional finite element programs. Modelling of the deformation behaviour of the oil sand skeleton and modelling of the three-phase pore fluid behaviour are the key issues in developing the analytical procedure. The dilative nature of the dense oil sand matrix, stress paths that involve decrease in mean normal stress under constant shear stress, and loading-unloading sequences are some of the important aspects to be considered in modelling the stress-strain behaviour of the sand skeleton. -
Weekly Petroleum Status Report
Summary of Weekly Petroleum Data for the week ending September 17, 2021 U.S. crude oil refinery inputs averaged 15.3 million barrels per day during the week ending September 17, 2021 which was 1.0 million barrels per day more than the previous week’s average. Refineries operated at 87.5% of their operable capacity last week. Gasoline production increased last week, averaging 9.6 million barrels per day. Distillate fuel production increased last week, averaging 4.5 million barrels per day. U.S. crude oil imports averaged 6.5 million barrels per day last week, increased by 0.7 million barrels per day from the previous week. Over the past four weeks, crude oil imports averaged about 6.1 million barrels per day, 18.9% more than the same four-week period last year. Total motor gasoline imports (including both finished gasoline and gasoline blending components) last week averaged 1.1 million barrels per day, and distillate fuel imports averaged 184,000 barrels per day. U.S. commercial crude oil inventories (excluding those in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve) decreased by 3.5 million barrels from the previous week. At 414.0 million barrels, U.S. crude oil inventories are about 8% below the five year average for this time of year. Total motor gasoline inventories increased by 3.5 million barrels last week and are about 3% below the five year average for this time of year. Finished gasoline and blending components inventories both increased last week. Distillate fuel inventories decreased by 2.6 million barrels last week and are about 14% below the five year average for this time of year. -
Techniques for Modeling Complex Reservoirs and Advanced Wells
TECHNIQUES FOR MODELING COMPLEX RESERVOIRS AND ADVANCED WELLS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES ENGINEERING AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Yuanlin Jiang December 2007 °c Copyright by Yuanlin Jiang 2008 All Rights Reserved ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Hamdi Tchelepi Principal Advisor I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Khalid Aziz Advisor I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Roland Horne Approved for the University Committee on Graduate Studies. iii Abstract The development of a general-purpose reservoir simulation framework for coupled systems of unstructured reservoir models and advanced wells is the subject of this dissertation. Stanford's General Purpose Research Simulator (GPRS) serves as the base for the new framework. In this work, we made signi¯cant contributions to GPRS, in terms of architectural design, extensibility, computational e±ciency, and new advanced well modeling capabilities. We designed and implemented a new architectural framework, in which the fa- cilities (man-made) model is treated as a separate component and promoted to the same level as the reservoir (natural) component.