VOLUME 12 Publisher ISASI (Frank Del Gandio, President) Editorial Advisor Air Safety Through Investigation Richard B. Stone Editorial Staff Susan Fager Esperison Martinez Design William A. Ford Proceedings of the ISASI Proceedings (ISSN 1562-8914) is published annually by the International Society of Air Safety Investigators. Opin- 39th Annual ISASI 2008 PROCEEDINGS ions expressed by authors are not neces- sarily endorsed or represent official ISASI position or policy. International Seminar Editorial Offices: 107 E. Holly Ave., Suite 11, Sterling, VA 20164-5405 USA. Tele- phone: (703) 430-9668. Fax: (703) 450- 1745. E-mail address:
[email protected]. Internet website: http://www.isasi.org. ‘Investigation: The Art and the Notice: The Proceedings of the ISASI 39th annual international seminar held in Science’ Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, features presentations on safety issues of interest to the aviation community. The papers are presented herein in the original editorial Sept. 8–11, 2008 content supplied by the authors. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Copyright © 2009—International Soci- ety of Air Safety Investigators, all rights reserved. Publication in any form is pro- hibited without permission. Permission to reprint is available upon application to the editorial offices. Publisher’s Editorial Profile: ISASI Pro- ceedings is printed in the United States and published for professional air safety inves- tigators who are members of the Interna- tional Society of Air Safety Investigators. Content emphasizes accident investigation findings, investigative techniques and ex- periences, and industry accident-preven- tion developments in concert with the seminar theme “Investigation: The Art and the Science.” Subscriptions: Active members in good standing and corporate members may ac- quire, on a no-fee basis, a copy of these Proceedings by downloading the material from the appropriate section of the ISASI website at www.isasi.org.