Handguns Hard to Get, Costly in Some U.S. Cities

Fall 2007 TERRY SANFORD Duke University INSTITUTE OF Inside

2/A Health Care Leader PUBLIC POLICY 3/Leadership Course 8/Student Research Worldwide 10/Africa Expert Joins Faculty 13/Faculty News 14/Alumni News

Focus LES TODD, UNIVERSITY PHOTOGRAPHY Handguns Hard to Get, Costly in Some U.S. Cities

egulating criminal access ford Professor of PPS and an to handguns can be effec- author of the study. “We found R tive in making it more dif- that isn’t true. Guns are quite ficult for youths and criminals to scarce in some American cities, obtain guns, according to a new and scarcity reduces gun use in study based on interviews with crime.” gang members and illicit gun Published in the November dealers. The research was con- issue of The Economic Journal, the ducted by a team from Duke, research provides a detailed eco- Columbia, Harvard and the nomic analysis of underground Jeffrey Toobin, center, author of The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the University of Chicago. gun markets in Chicago, where Supreme Court, discusses the conservative shift of the court with Law “The common perception is handgun ownership was banned School Dean David Levi, right, and Law Professor Neil Siegel on Oct. 11 at that handguns are everywhere, in 1982. Because Chicago’s gun the Institute. Toobin said the 2008 presidential election is crucial to the like grains of sand on the beach,” laws are unusually restrictive, the long-term makeup of the court and predicted that if Hillary Clinton wins the said Philip Cook, ITT/Terry San- city provided a (Please see page 12) White House, she will appoint Sen. Barack Obama to the Supreme Court.

New Program Focuses on History, General Zinni to Teach Public Policy and Social Change Leadership Course By Iza Wojciechowska uilding on Duke’s commitment to Students will collaborate with faculty Gen. Anthony Zinni, USMC (Ret.), former head interdisciplinary research and civic in the program’s ambitious pilot project, a of the U.S. Central Command, will join the faculty B engagement, Bob Korstad, the Kevin comparative study of three 20th-century of the Sanford Institute for the spring semester D. Gorter Associate Professor of PPS and non-violent social revolutions: the civil History, and Bill Chafe, the Alice Mary rights movement in the United States; anti- as the Sanford Distinguished Lecturer in Resi- Baldwin Professor of History, recently apartheid reform in South Africa; and demo- dence and will teach a new course in the Hart launched the Duke University Program cratic movements in Central and Eastern Leadership Program. on History, Public Policy and Social Change. Europe. “The thing that attracted me the most [to “Our goals in creat- The project’s first phase begins with a Duke] is the emphasis on leadership,” said ing this new program focus on collecting and archiving oral histo- Zinni. are to help foster a more ries in South Africa. Through a partnership “I’m really pleased that we were able to per- historical perspective with colleagues at the University of KwaZulu suade Tony Zinni to spend more time with us at among policymakers, Natal and the University of Cape Town, Duke,” said Bruce Kuniholm, Institute director. and to increase aware- Chafe and Korstad are working to secure oral “When he came to Duke last spring as the San- ness among historians histories of human rights leaders in South ford Distinguished Lecturer, he made a pro- of how their work can Africa and make them accessible online. found impression on our students and faculty.” inform today’s chal- Beginning this fall, the program also will Zinni spoke at the Sanford Institute in January, lenges,” Korstad said. Korstad work to collect interviews (Please see page 5) when he presented the 2007 (Please see page 12) InstituteUpdates

From Bruce Kuniholm, Director their individual expectations. To exercise leader- ership roles on the global stage; and, finally, by ship, however one wants to define it, is to engage positioning them for formative and life-changing “Leaders must invoke an alchemy of great in public life, and it is a skill that can be learned. insights about their work and their lives. vision.” HENRY KISSINGER This issue of Public Policy Focus features The Sanford Institute has long emphasized “WHEN THE BEST LEADER’S WORK IS DONE THE several stories that have leadership as a theme. educating “Public Policy Leaders for a Changing PEOPLE SAY, ‘WE DID IT OURSELVES!’” LAO TZU In the fall, retired Army Col. Joseph LeBoeuf World,” and since 1986 the Hart Leadership and Lt. Col. Mark Tribus are co-teaching Program has been an innovator in the field of As these quotations suggest, “leadership” “Principles and Practices of High-Impact Leader- undergraduate leadership education, offering means different things to different people. Some ship” [p. 3]. In the spring, one of the nation’s most 7,500 students opportunities to discover their see it as a capacity to articulate and engage fol- respected military leaders, retired Marine Gen. own leadership potential. As we work toward be- lowers in pursuit of a vision. Some define it as Tony Zinni, will join us to teach with the Hart coming a school of public policy, we are examining the deft wielding of authority. Others may see it Leadership Program [p. 1]. And from the civilian our strengths and making plans to build on them simply as an innate quality—you have it or you side, lawyer and Professor of the Practice Tom on both the undergraduate and graduate levels. don’t. To still others, leadership cannot be con- Taylor provides MPP students perspectives from Leadership training is one of those strengths ferred, it must be earned, and it means getting his years working in the Pentagon [p. 3]. about which we are most passionate, and it will groups to harness resources from many sectors As we develop our plans to become a school, be the focus of our November 2007 Board of and perspectives in order to make progress on we have increasingly focused on making avail- Visitors meeting, when we celebrate the 20th common problems. It is an art more than a sci- able to our students courses that contribute to anniversary of the Hart Leadership Program. ence, requiring improvisation, patience, a sense their transformational education. We do this by of purpose, and the ability to orchestrate conflict empowering them to apply the knowledge they skillfully so that people with different viewpoints have acquired here in the service of society; by and values can learn from each other and exceed helping them develop the capacity for future lead- Fear of Blood Led Alum to Career in Health Policy

By David Rice ther Schlichting nor her siblings were al- Henry Ford Health System. lowed to visit her. “When I found public pol- Schlichting credits the Institute, on ancy Schlichting icy and realized there was something called whose Board of Visitors she now serves, with (’76), a member health policy, and I took my first course, I helping her develop a career in which she can N of the second PPS knew that this was it.” steer a large institution toward the compas- graduating class, began The new major was small and largely un- sionate care her family did not enjoy when her Duke studies with a known in the mid ’70s, Schlichting recalls, but her mother was a patient four decades ago. “tremendous interest in it was an exciting time to be in the program. Her job gives Schlichting a bird’s-eye health and health care” “President Sanford and Joel Fleishman view of the many facets of the national and intentions—short- brought all the best and the brightest to the health care crisis. Probably the most impor- lived, as it turned out—to become a doctor. public policy program,” she says. “The head tant human factor, she says, “is the number “I was originally a chemistry major and of the American Association of Medical Col- of uninsured in this country. That number went to the Pre-Med Society meetings, leges. The head of the AMA. Lots of individ- continues to grow and it’s affecting a lot which allowed me to visit Duke Hospital and uals came to speak in our classes and we got more younger people. Over 50 percent of the spend time in the emergency department,” to interact with them. It gave you a very big- uninsured are working Americans.” she recalls. “Every time I did, I passed out. I picture view at a very young age.” As the Sanford Institute becomes a school couldn’t stand the sight of blood.” In addition, Schlichting took advantage of and adds to Duke’s wealth of resources in But medicine’s loss was health care’s gain. real-world experiences. Her summer intern- health policy, it could play an important role Schlichting soon discovered a new passion for ship at a hospital in rural Virginia convinced in bringing together the many stakeholders health policy that would set her on a remark- her that health care was the field for her. As and addressing the many dimensions of the able career trajectory. Now, as president and she neared graduation at a time when women health care crisis, Schlichting says. CEO of the Henry Ford Health System in business leaders were still few and far “This is a ﬁeld that needs Sanford,” Schlich- Michigan, she oversees an operation with between, Duke faculty mentors encouraged ting says. “It needs people to focus on the 20,000 employees, 1 million patients a year her interest in pursuing an MBA. depth and breadth of the issues that relate to and annual revenues exceeding $3.5 billion. She persisted, and earned her MBA at the health care crisis in this country, to be “My interest in health care was so clear to Cornell University. Then—at age 28—she able to delve into them with a multidiscipli- me because of personal experiences I had as became the chief operating officer of Akron nary approach, with an expanded faculty, a child,” Schlichting said. In particular, she City Hospital in Ohio. She also worked for with support for bringing in the students has lasting memories of a month during hospitals and health systems in Columbus, who are really going to enhance the thinking which her mother was hospitalized and nei- Ohio, and Philadelphia before joining the and the future of this country.”

2 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus UPDATES Students Explore Civilian Uses for Veteran Pentagon Attorney Military Leadership Leads MPP Students by Example By Danielle Kowalczuk By Sidney Cruze “The network of young and middle-aged lawyers I worked with was like an extended Through a new collaboration with After working in fed- family,” he says. “Like my former colleagues, Fuqua’s Coach K Center on Leadership & eral government for the students enrolled in the MPP have real- Ethics (COLE), the Institute’s Hart Leader- 36 years, 27 of them world experience, with organizations like the ship Program is offering undergraduates at the Pentagon, Tom Peace Corps or Teach for America. I want to help a new leadership course this fall. Taylor knows what it them move to the next stage of their career.” The course, titled “Principles and takes to be an effec- Chris DeRienzo (’08), an MD/MPP student Practices of High-Impact Leadership: tive leader. The for- who sits on the American Medical Association The Application of Military Leadership mer senior career Board of Trustees and works as a part-time poli- to the Civilian World of Work,” examines civilian attorney for the U.S. Army gave legal cy analyst for the Secretary of Health and Human how military leadership principles can and policy advice to seven defense secretaries Services Advisory Committee on Genetics, be applied to professional fields. and seven joint chiefs off. He also received Health and Society, relies on the lessons he Co-teachers Ret. Col. Joseph N.G. Presidential Rank Awards, the most prestigious learned from Taylor in both of these roles. LeBoeuf, professor of the practice of recognition afforded to executives, from the “Tom leads by example, and you can’t ask management and COLE Center scholar, last three Presidents. for a better teacher than that. From knowing and Professor of Military Science Lt. Col. A North Carolina native, Taylor and his wife how to ‘control the temperature’ of an issue, to Mark Tribus both bring their experience Susan had always planned to return home to ‘leading by walking around’ and managing a in the U.S. Army to the classroom. be closer to family. Susan’s mother and the cou- crisis with calmness and focus—Tom’s teach- “This new class will examine some ple’s two sons live in North Carolina. And ing pays dividends for me on a daily basis.” of the most difficult issues of our time, although Taylor loved his clients and thrived in As Taylor’s syllabus points out, leadership from Hurricane Katrina to the Iraq War, the Washington political scene, he was ready can be risky, both personally and professionally, through a leadership lens,” said for a less grueling work schedule. Last fall, he especially for those trying to bring about change. LeBoeuf. joined the Sanford faculty as professor of His course examines what makes some public practice of PPS. He teaches “Principals of leaders better than others, and the role values Guest speakers include: Ret. Col. Leadership,” the Institute’s first MPP-level play in assessing them. It introduces students Gene Klann, U.S. Army, author of leadership course. to traditional leadership theories, compares Building Character and Crisis Leadership; Now Taylor’s days no longer begin at 6:30 them to transformational leadership and gives Lt. Gen. Russel Honoré, U.S. Army, am, and he doesn’t work weekends during students a chance to develop their own leader- Commander of Joint Task Force Katrina; times of national crisis.But his professional life ship styles. “If the students enjoy it half as and former Capt. Nate Self, U.S. Army still includes relationships with younger gen- much as I do, that will be good,” he says. “I feel Ranger Platoon Leader in Afghanistan erations of public servants. fortunate to be able to work with them.” during Operation Anaconda.

“This course combines the best of JON GARDINER military and corporate leadership principles and applies them in case studies and scenarios from Operation Anaconda to Hurricane Katrina, from the streets of Iraq to the board room of Enron,” Tribus added. “Our intent is to make theory come alive for each learner, emphasiz- ing the development and pursuit of a personal leadership philosophy and a plan for execution.” The students are exploring topics such as values-based behavior, the professional code and warrior ethic, power and authority, individual motivation, cohesion, team and group effectiveness, and crisis leadership. . “This course will draw on the best leadership instructional theories of three institutions— the Sanford Insti- tute, COLE and the U.S. Military,” said MPP Student Andrea Hamilton speaks with Tim Tyson, author of Blood Done Sign My Name, a Hart Leadership Director Alma Blount. personal account of a racially motivated killing in Tyson’s hometown, Oxford, N.C. Tyson, a visiting professor in the Duke Divinity School, spoke to incoming MPP students.

Fall 2007 3 A Modern-day Highway Watchman DUKE PHOTOGRAPHY By Sidney Cruze

f you have a question about roads in Malme began working at Duke in 1993 North Carolina, Bob Malme (MPP ’92) after graduating with an MPP. An avid Red I is your go-to guy. When he’s not analyz- Sox fan, he got interested in highway politics ing data related to state lotteries or the cost when he learned of the controversy sur- of gun violence for his job as a senior data rounding I-73 and I-74. At first, only I-73 technician at the Sanford Institute, his was planned, but politicians argued about its spends his free time tracking construction route, so I-74 was added. along our interstate highways. “These two roads were essentially legis- This spring Malme uncovered a 19-mile lated into existence by business and special signage mistake made by the N.C. Depart- interest groups. They both had a big impact ment of Transportation on the recently- on rural communities in southeastern North opened 4.5 mile stretch of NC 540. Carolina.” As part of the $102 million freeway also Malme doesn’t lobby for or against partic- known as the Outer Loop, NC 540’s mile- ular road projects, he’s just committed to posts and exit signs should accurately reﬂect keeping the public informed. To do this he the loop’s distance, which totals roughly 70 maintains a Web site that provides a list of miles. Yet when exit signs first went up, the proposed highway projects, with maps and maximum distance listed was 50 miles. background information about each one. they will have to pay to use the road, while Malme reported the discrepancy, and after There you’ll find a description of DOT’s those driving in Northern Wake County can weeks of e-mail exchanges with DOT, the signage mistake, as well as an explanation of do so for free. Yet it looks like it’s happening signs were replaced. Now the exit marking why the above-mentioned NC-540 is desig- anyway.” the NC 54/I-540 interchange reads 69. nated a state highway, not an interstate like The N.C. Turnpike Authority plans to “As a public policy person, I’m always the rest of the Outer Loop. open the rest of NC 540 in 2011, making looking to solve problems,” Malme says. “To make a long story short, NC 540 is the entire Outer Loop west of I-40 a toll “Here, I was trying to get government to be signed as such because it will eventually be road. Given the road’s impact on the Tri- responsive to citizens. The signs are sup- tolled, and the federal government won’t angle, the politics behind it are guaranteed posed to help people, but they way they were fund a toll road,” Malme says. “It’s contro- to be interesting. originally labeled, they would have confused versial because tolls are unpopular. People in For updates, stay tuned to www.duke.edu/ people instead.” the western part of the Triangle wonder why ~rmalme/

ON THE WEB • ON THE WEB • ON THE WEB • ON THE WEB • ON THE WEB • ON THE WEB • ON THE Hart Fellow Videoblogs from Cambodia Throughout the academic year, Cassie Phillips (PPS ‘07), is sharing her experiences as a Hart Fellow with audiences around the world. As one of six participants in “Be the Change”—a CNN International project to showcase “the power of social change through action”—Phillips is maintaining a regular record of her fellowship in Battambang, Cambodia, where she works with orphaned and vulnerable children at the nongovernmental organization Homeland. She will keep a written and video blog on the “Be the Change” Web site throughout her yearlong fellowship, and segments of her video blog will air regularly during CNN news shows in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas. The six participants’ videos will be rotated on a weekly basis. “It’s exciting to be a part of something that I think is an improvement in the media: news about places and people that are largely ignored,” Phillips said. “I understand ‘being the change’ is dedicating yourself and your actions to achieving a goal. In my case, my goal is to go some- where very unknown with an open mind and try to apply the skills I have to help in every way I can, while learning more about myself.”

4 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus UPDATES

New Program (continued from page 1) with Russian reformers. This effort is being portunity to see these complexities unfold.” pursued in collaboration with Associate Pro- Next fall, students will take a capstone Tifft Battles Cancer fessor of PPS Bob Conrad and with support course. It will include community service- Susan Tifft, the Eugene C. from the Sanford Institute’s Living History learning projects in Durham that involve the Patterson Professor of the Program and DeWitt Wallace Center for same issues of history, memory and social jus- Practice of Journalism and Media and Democracy. tice that students explored in South Africa. Public Policy Studies, has In addition to research, the program The program will use this model for future shifted her energies from plans to develop a series of courses and serv- work in the three project regions with sum- teaching “News as Moral ice learning experiences for undergraduates mer travel to Europe and civil rights sites in modeled on the Hart Leadership Program’s the southern United States. Battleground” to fighting a Service Opportunities in Leadership. In the serious illness. After taking spring, Korstad will teach “Historical Per- “The summer workshop is a yearlong academic leave spectives on Public Policy,” a gateway course to research and write a book, Susan had to for students. They will travel to South Africa designed to help students explore abandon plans to return to Duke this fall when during the summer of 2008. the intricate connections between she was diagnosed with stage 4 uterine cancer. Under the direction of Chafe and Pro- Since September, Susan has undergone fessor Jabulani Sithole of the University of the stories we tell about the past three chemotherapy treatments to arrest the Pietermmaritzburg, students will work with and the way we construct current cancer, which had spread to her lungs. One of South African peers to explore archival and the ways Susan has attacked this tremendous museum resources and to conduct oral histo- policies to address social ills.” challenge is to apply her journalistic talents to ry interviews with anti-apartheid activists. learning all about the disease and the latest The program is seeking funding from Duke Initial funding for the new program came methods for fighting it. Engage for the summer workshop. from the Provost’s Common Fund, with Susan writes a journal, posts pictures “The summer workshop is designed to added support from the DeWitt’s Living (including one of herself modeling her new help students explore the intricate connec- History Program. wig), and keeps in touch with family, friends, tions between the stories we tell about the “The program offers students and faculty colleagues and former students through a blog past and the way we construct current poli- a chance to build on Duke’s strengths in on CaringBridge.org. She writes with character- cies to address social ills,” said Associate interdisciplinary work and service-based istic humor and insight about the tribulations of Director Rachel Seidman. In working closely learning,” Chafe said. “We anticipate that chemo, and expresses joy about the love and with senior faculty and exploring these issues many more exciting collaborations will support she receives from her husband, Alex in the dramatic context of South Africa’s his- evolve as we address the linkage between Jones, and legions of friends near and far. tory, students will have an outstanding op- history, public policy and social change.” “I am blessed to have so much support from family, friends and colleagues,” Susan WEB • ON THE WEB • ON THE WEB • ON THE WEB • ON THE WEB said in an e-mail message from her home in Cambridge, Mass. “I’ve been moved by the PPS Alum Reports on number of former students who have regis- Turmoil in Afghanistan tered comments on CaringBridge, and others who have sent me e-mails privately. I had no Jeff Stern, a 2007 PPS graduate idea when I was teaching them that they with a passion for frontline, inves- would ever be called upon to come to my aid tigative reporting, began posting in this way, but they have! It’s heartwarming.” dispatches and photos from “If anyone can beat this, Susan can,” said Afghanistan this fall as a corre- Bruce Kuniholm, Sanford Institute director. spondent/blogger for “I’m looking forward to drinking some Califor- Esquire.com. Stern has written nia cabernet with her and Alex at the Duke in first-person accounts of land mine Napa Valley Seminar this spring and then hav- removal efforts, a suicide bomb- ing her back teaching with us next fall.” ing and the grotesque scavenging Depending on results after chemotherapy that followed, a melee during the concludes in late December, Susan expects Massoud Day holiday celebration, In order to be able to stay longer, Stern either surgery or radiation treatment, fol- and a conversation with security guards pro- managed to land a part-time job at American lowed by more chemo and hormone therapy. tecting foreign workers in Kabul. University of Afghanistan, which also helped “The hope is that, by next summer, I will be Via e-mail, Stern says that although the mag- him secure a place to live. His title is Deputy in remission and playing volleyball on the azine will pay him for the articles, he financed Director of the Professional Development beach,” Susan writes. Her course is being the trip by emptying out his bank account. Institute, and his primary task, he says with taught this fall by Ted Vaden, public editor for “I don’t think anyone really believed I was irony, is to plan a conflict resolution confer- The News & Observer of Raleigh. going to do this until I actually did, and no one ence in Herat. Read Stern’s stories at To follow Susan’s progress, please visit wanted to take the risk,” he says. www.esquire.com www.caringbridge.org/visit/susantifft.

Fall 2007 5 Health & Social Policy

Hospice Use Saves Money for Medicare, Study Finds

hile the quality-of-life patients and their families to fully The study, “What length of hospice use benefits of hospice experience the benefits of hos- maximizes reduction in medical expendi- W care are clear, results pice, such as bereavement coun- tures near death in the US Medicare Pro- have been mixed on whether seling, palliative care and respite gram,” was published in the October 2007 using hospice at the end of life is for care-givers.” issue of Social Science & Medicine. It con- more cost effective than hospital The hospice benefit was trasts costs of hospice and non-hospice care care. A new study from the San- added to the Medicare program on a day-by-day basis, matching hospice ford Institute, with Don Taylor, in 1983 to provide holistic care at users to non-hospice users who were oth- assistant professor of PPS, as pri- the end of life. The use of the erwise similar. Hospice use reduced costs mary author, concludes that the hospice benefit by Medicare for most days during the last three months Medicare program does indeed save money patients has risen dramatically from 7 per- of life. when hospice is used. cent in 1990 to almost 30 percent in 2006, “We found that hospice reduced Medi- the most recent year for which data are Nearly 25 percent of Medicare care spending by an average of $2,309 available. per decedent,” said Taylor. The study also With the baby boom generation moving spending is for expenses in showed that greater savings are realized into the Medicare program, hospice use is the last year of life, so hospice when dying patients are shifted from hospital expected to continue rising. Medicare spend- to hospice care sooner. The median length of ing on hospice reached $6.7 billion in 2004, care could be a source of savings hospice use for the study period of 1993 to according to a 2006 congressional report 2003 was 15 days. from MEDPAC, the independent federal or- for the program. “Often hospice is used for a relatively ganization that provides analysis and advice short time, but we found that patients who to Congress on Medicare policy. Nearly 25 “The hospice benefit appears to be that use the beneﬁt for the last 7 to 8 weeks of life percent of Medicare spending is for expenses rare situation in health care where some- maximize cost savings to the program,” in the last year of life, so hospice care could thing that improves quality of life also saves Taylor said. “This length of use also allows be a source of savings for the program. money,” said Taylor.

Dr. Anthony So. Its activities will Sept. 28 meeting to discuss the Responses” is organized by the Health Briefs span seven countries: challenges in producing afford- Health Sector Management pro- Tobacco Control • The Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, able, high quality food supple- gram at Fuqua School of Program on Global Health and Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, and ments to combat severe mal- Business and the Duke Global Technology Access (PGHTA) has the Philippines. nutrition among children. Health Institute, and co-spon- Plumpy’Nut, a peanut-based sored by the Global Health received a five-year, $1.6 million Plumpy’Nut • The Program on food bar, is currently used for Workforce Alliance. NIH Fogarty International Center Global Health and Technology treating malnourished children An estimated 2.4 million doc- grant to support a regional Access, directed by Senior in Malawi, Niger and Haiti. tors, nurses, and midwives are research and capacity building Research Fellow of PPS Anthony needed in 57 countries with crit- project on tobacco control in So, hosted Health Worker Shortage • ical health worker shortages. Southeast Asia. Most of the fund- “From Peanuts Francis Omaswa, executive The challenge is greatest in sub- ing will go to build the capacity to Plumpy’Nut: director of the Global Health Saharan Africa, which has only of researchers in Southeast Asia Creating a Workforce Alliance of the World 3 percent of the world’s health to enable a strong, local evi- Value Chain Health Organization will give the workers yet 24 percent of the dence base for tobacco control for Enabling keynote address at a Nov. 29- global burden of disease. For and to encourage effective trans- Affordable Dec. 1 conference dedicated to more information on the confer- lation of research into policy. Access to exploring solutions to the critical ence, and to register by Nov. 16, The project builds upon the Ready-to-Use Therapeutic shortage of health care workers please go to www.fuqua.duke. legacy of the Rockefeller Foods (RUTFs). Representatives in Africa. edu and look for Upcoming Foundation’s Trading Tobacco for of Doctors Without Borders, The conference, “African Events. Health initiative, a program UNICEF and the Full Belly Project Health Care Worker Shortage: developed by PGHTA Director were among the attendees at the Forum on Private Sector

6 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus HEALTH & SOCIAL POLICY Darity’s Research Network Explores Issues of Racial, Ethnic Inequality Faculty Fellows Launch Inquiry on the South hy does inequality exist He and Karolyn Tyson, a between groups of peo- UNC-Chapel Hill sociology pro- Four public policy faculty members are col- Wple? It’s a deceptively fessor, studied the participation of laborating with colleagues across campus this simple question. For William black, Latino and Native Ameri- year in an interdisciplinary exploration of the Darity, the search for answers has can students in gifted and talent- theme, “Understanding the Transformed and driven his entire career, inspiring ed curricula in North Carolina Transforming South: Perspectives on Race, research in topics including strat- public schools in 2001. They found Economics, Politics and Public Policy.” ification economics, financial that while 20 percent of white The Faculty Fellows crises in developing countries, students were identified as gifted Program, sponsored by social psychology and unemploy- and talented, other racial groups the Duke Social Science ment exposure, reparations, and were grossly underrepresented. Research Institute and the schooling and the racial achievement gap. “Simply making it known that there was provost’s office, seeks to After seven years working half-time at this glaring under-representation led some foster collaborative Duke and at UNC-Chapel Hill, Darity, school systems to do some modest reassess- research and generate known as “Sandy,” joined the Duke faculty ment of how they identified talent in the first ideas for new courses at place,” he says. “I’m fairly convinced that the full-time this fall. In addition to his appoint- Duke on current issues. ment as Arts & Sciences Professor of Public report we did had some effect on moving the Clotfelter Charlie Clotfelter, Policy Studies, he’s a professor of African and proportion up from 2.5 percent to close to 5 William Darity, Sherman James, and Bob African American Studies and Economics, percent of all black kids in elementary school and heads the Research Network on Racial being identified as gifted and talented.” Korstad have joined colleagues from the and Ethnic Inequality, a program at the Darity harbors ambitious plans for en- fields of political science, Center for the Study of Race, Ethnicity, and gaging REGSS faculty and researchers in history and psychology to Gender in the Social Sciences (REGSS). The programs and enticing examine major changes in Duke Social Science Research Institute (SSRI) them to join research the South in areas such as provides work space, logistical resources and teams that will form politics, public institu- support. to explore new proj- tions, demographics, At REGSS, he’s found a natural base for ects and apply for economy and culture. much of his work and access to colleagues who external funding. At weekly seminars study similar issues from the viewpoints of “I’m looking for- they discuss research varying disciplines. And if all researchers dream ward to getting the ideas, with a goal of devel- James of seeing their work have a measurable effect, research network oping joint publications, an edited volume or Darity can point to at least one instance. growing,” he says. a special edition of a social science journal. This fall, he organ- Their collaboration also could lead to inter- ized a conference [email protected] disciplinary research grant applications and Duke University Research Network for at the Sanford Racial and Ethnic Inequality presents the development of an interdisciplinary, Institute focusing on race undergraduate student seminar on the Race and Wealth and wealth. He’s also collaborating with the American South. Institute of African American Research at Other fellows are Duke professors UNC on several initiatives, including a youth William Chafe (co-convener, history) Kerry Symposium and race conference and a conference Nov. Black households have less than Haynie (co-convener, political science), 1/10 of the wealth of white households October 23, 2007 6-8 called “Speculating on the South.” The in America. 9:00 am – 5:00 pm Adriane Lentz-Smith (history), Laura Smart- • What are the effects of this gap? Terry Sanford Institute latter will address alternative histories of the • Does the gap exist because of the legacy of slavery? of Public Policy Richman (psychology), and John Aldrich, Rhodes Conference Room South, including what might have happened • Does the gap exist because blacks spend too much? Paula McClain, and Michael Munger (all • Will financial literacy education or programs like Panels: Andy Young’s Silver Rights initiative help? if the South had won the Civil War or if Race and Wealth: The Current political science). a policy • Does overcoming the racial wealth gap require a Situation African Americans actually had been given Ralph Lawrence, program of reparations for African Americans? Race and Wealth: Reparations • Will a program promoting home ownership Race and Wealth: Education studies professor with the University of overcome the racial wealth gap? 40 acres and a mule after the war. For answers join us at the Race Scheduled speakers KwaZulu Natal in South Africa also is an SSRI and Wealth Symposium... include: For Black History Month in February, Richard America, Georgetown University plans are in the works for a conference on the Faculty Fellow. Ngina Chiteji, Skidmore College Dalton Conley, New York University Arthur Goldsmith, Washington and impact of hip-hop, and for the spring, a con- Lee University Darrick Hamilton, New School ference on caste and color in India and the University Tod Hamilton, University of Texas not, with the idealistic hope that if I could Patrick Mason, Florida State United States. It’s all part of his big vision. University figure it out, I could come up with answers,” Thomas Shapiro, Brandeis Even after a career that has spanned nearly University Rhonda Sharpe, University of he says. “That’s been the absorbing and Vermont at Burlington 30 years so far, Darity might still be some- William Spriggs, Howard University thing of a starry-eyed idealist. demanding question of my life.” [email protected] Registration Fee: $10 Public, $5 Students “I entered economics as a field because I Republished with permission from Gist, the was primarily interested in why some people magazine of the Duke Social Science Research MORE INFORMATION: [email protected] or call 919.668.0983 are subjected to poverty and some people are Institute.

Fall 2007 7 PPS Honors Students Tackle

Stories by Sidney Cruze RESULTS OF PUBLIC HOUSING REDEVELOPMENT The undergraduate honors Sarah Gordon (’08) started her research, figuring out how it plinary nature of the field. She seminar provides students honors thesis with plans to meas- will play out,” she said. “And developed an interest in housing with the opportunity to grad- ure the results of the HOPE VI it’s taught me a lot about the policy after taking “Poverty Program, created in 1993 by the research process. It takes more Policy After Welfare,” taught by uate with distinction by con- U.S. Departments of Veterans persistence than I thought.” Assistant Professor of PPS Liz ducting original research and Affairs and Housing and Urban Gordon now is conducting Ananat. “I realized I knew so writing an honors thesis. “It’s Development to revitalize public case studies of different sites to little about it, and I wanted to a very intense process,” says housing. find out which projects have been learn more,” Gordon said. honors program advisor HOPE VI funds cover demoli- completed successfully and how Examining the HOPE VI Judith Kelley, assistant pro- tion and rehabilitation in public they differ from problem sites. Program has taught Gordon to housing communities, as well as “Even though I’m planning to look for connections between fessor of PPS. “For many support services for residents. do qualitative research, I still areas of public policy. students, it’s the first time Altogether, 237 sites across the want to look at the program “Housing policy is not com- they make the leap from hav- country have received HOPE VI broadly,” Gordon said. “There pletely separate from health, edu- ing an opinion to being able grants, and Gordon wanted to are holes in the literature that cation or social policy because peo- to demonstrate the validity of know how the grants affected indicate nobody has studied the ple’s lives are not that way. I now that opinion based on their people living in these neighbor- HOPE VI Program as a whole.” think harder about housing policy own original research.” The hoods. But after spending her A Baldwin Scholar and the in the context of other policies,” summer reading about individual co-founder of Duke’s Learning she said, adding, “This project has four projects profiled here HOPE VI projects, she ran into a through Experience, Action, presented me with a lot of unex- illustrate the range of topics, problem: most of the projects Partnership and Service pected twists.” research methods and experi- haven’t been completed. (LEAPS), Gordon was attracted ences the honors students “This is the exciting part of to PPS because of the interdisci- encounter.

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND STORYTELLING IN SIERRA LEONE

The answers to David Fiocco’s relationships are invaluable, some- Funding for Fiocco’s research (’08) questions about how non- thing he didn’t see in Uganda. came from the Sanford Institute, governmental organizations can “Personal connections had a Duke’s Center for International help Sierra Leone farmers move huge impact on how people Studies and the Robertson Schol- beyond subsistence farming are in worked together. The same was ars Program. After graduation, he his closet, in a bag filled with true for me. People didn’t care hopes to continue studying social 1,500 pieces of paper. that I went to Duke, but the rela- networks through a Fulbright Last summer, Fiocco, a Rober- tionships I formed with people in Scholarship. tson Scholar majoring in PPS and the villages were very important. “The Ministry of Agriculture anthropology, studied social capi- That was how I gained credibility in Uganda wants to look at the tal in three rural Sierra Leone vil- and got people interested in my value of social networks. And lages. He conducted focus groups work.” after completing my honors with village chiefs, interviewed While doing his fieldwork, thesis, I’ll have a methodology families about their social rela- Fiocco lived with the chief from to do that.” tionships and asked village elders each village. At night, about the support they needed. when villagers gath- “It was always interesting, five years ago, but there is still no ered to drink ferment- even when it wasn’t fun,” he says. infrastructure. I want to see how ed palm juice and tell The villages had no electricity, so Sierra Leone is rebuilding its physi- stories, he joined them. he brought home his results as cal and social networks.” “I was the only handwritten surveys. After creat- Fiocco became interested in white person for miles ing a program to analyze the data, social capital—which includes around,” he says. “I he must enter it into the comput- physical structures, like homes, as went there to learn er. Then he will be able to exam- well as social relationships—while about social networks, ine how social networks affect the working last year for the World but I also learned farmers’ efforts to market their Bank in Uganda to determine about elections, politi- crops outside their village. what made farmers successful. In cal campaigns and cor- “The country’s civil war ended Sierra Leone, he learned social ruption.”

8 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus Urban Poverty, Global Health

RADIATION EFFECTS ON CHERNOBYL WORKERS streamline interactions between to do research that combined Americans and Ukrainians,” her interests in science, public Wallace says. policy and global health. While Funded by Duke Engage, in the Ukraine, she posted her Wallace’s research is part of the experiences in a blog (cherno- International Consortium for byl-summer. blogspot.com). Applied Radiation Research, “At first I thought the blog (ICARR), whose members was nerdy,” she says. “But then include Duke University, it became this wonderful tool Research Triangle Institute that connected me with people Sarah Wallace (’08) is known International, UNC-Asheville all over the world who are worldwide for her research relat- and the Research Center for engaged in research related to ed to the “the Ark” a radiation Radiation Medicine. Together Chernobyl.” containment system at the site of the four institutions are studying The former chemistry major the Chernobyl nuclear power workers in Chernobyl to deter- started her Duke career with plant disaster. mine how the human body reacts plans to do pharmaceutical She spent six weeks in Ukraine to low-level radiation before, dur- research, but soon realized she this summer, interviewing the ing and after exposure. didn’t like working in a lab. men who built the first contain- For Wallace, it was a chance “I took some PPS classes about ment system as well and loved them, so I changed my global as those building a major.” health,” new system, to study Wallace’s work at Chernobyl she says. the long-term effects helped her earn an honorable mention for the Faculty Schol- of radiation on the (Clockwise from top left): Sarah arship Award this year, given for genome. Wallace, right, with her mentor excellence in scholarship by stu- “I’m focusing on from the Radiation Insititue in procedures dealing dents. After graduating, Wallace Ukraine; the damaged reactor, with with workers, looking hopes to work in the health policy a radiation meter in foreground; a for ways to make it field for a few years before going monument to the “liquidators,” who safer for them, to bet- to medical school. died from radiation exposure after ter protect their rights “Now that I’ve done this going in to do clean-up. and interests and to research, I’m more passionate

PHILANTHROPY AND URBAN POVERTY IN ATLANTA PPS Senior Kate Guthrie (’08), President Jimmy Carter’s Atlanta and foundations so you can har- Goss, Guthrie’s thesis advisor. sees her honors thesis as the cul- Project, initiated in 1991 to help ness the assets from both.” “Foundations and corporations mination of all she’s learned at urban communities gain access to When it was first introduced, are spending a lot of money on Duke, especially in her PPS classes. resources, she hopes to identify the Atlanta Project—with its novel ways to address urban “My classes inspired me to which initiatives succeed, which emphasis on empowering citizens poverty, and yet we don’t know choose my thesis topic and gave fail and why. to find solutions to problems they what predicts which of these me the tools I needed to do it— Guthrie first became interest- identify in their neighborhoods— community-based programs will the analysis, the critical reading ed in community philanthropy in was on the cutting-edge of com- live or die.” and the writing,” she says. “I summer 2006 while working at munity philanthropy. Fifteen Guthrie plans to work at the wanted to take ownership of my the Women’s Housing and Eco- years later, some of its programs Boston-based Bain & Co., a busi- academic work and make contri- nomic Development Corporation are more successful than others. ness strategy consulting firm. butions to the field of community (WHEDCO) in the Bronx. Guthrie spent time in Atlanta “Working on my thesis philanthropy.” “Working at WHEDCO, I this summer, looking at the pro- required me to take very large The former varsity swimmer realized I’m passionate about alle- ject’s archives and strategic plans questions and slice them into and president of Duke’s Panhel- viating urban poverty,” she says. and talking to community devel- small ones to form a hypothesis,” lenic Council is conducting a “Community philanthropy uses opment experts. she says. “The work is analogous case study on how organizations civic engagement to address the “The problem she is looking at to what I’ll be doing at Bain, can address urban poverty. By issue. You build partnerships is an important one,” says using my intellectual curiosity to analyzing the results of former between community residents Assistant PPS Professor Kristin explore different areas of business.”

Fall 2007 9 Global Policy

Seasoned Journalist Brings Africa Expertise to Sanford

By Liz Williams matically cut the number of for- “Darfur” and “Leadership and Institutional eign visitors—including Smith. Capacity in Africa.” frican studies specialist He quickly reset his academic With a master’s degree in cultural an- Stephen Smith ﬁrst came compass and set out for Africa. thropology, Smith favors a multifaceted A to Duke on a single- There, a combination of travels educational approach that explores these semester visiting lectureship in and work as a truck driver and topics in unusual or unexpected ways. In 2006; this fall, the former Africa desert guide sparked his passion addition to academic writings, students tak- editor for French newspapers Le for the region, inspiring him to ing “Leadership and Institutional Capacity” Monde and Liberation is back for a expand his understanding of delve into a combination of fictional litera- three-year stint as a visiting lectur- governmental challenges in the ture, feature films, documentaries and jour- er at the Sanford Institute. In his new position, area. Calling Africa an “anthropological lab- nalistic accounts aimed at providing a broad- Smith brings decades of experience with Afri- oratory,” Smith became fascinated by the er picture of the social forces that shape can politics, culture and economic policy to multicultural and multilingual lifestyles of African politics. undergraduate courses on the region. the people he met there. “I wanted to take various entries into a Today, Smith’s status as an expert on Afri- After completing his bachelor’s degree problem that is very large,” Smith says, “and can government and social issues seems like a and earning a Masters and PhD from the make a journey through history and through given; however, were it not for an unexpected Sorbonne and the Free University of Berlin, countries in Africa.” twist of fate, Smith might never have ex- respectively, Smith returned to Africa as a Students are examining the economic plored the continent at all. In 1977, as an roving correspondent in 1984. There, his and historical problems that contribute to an undergraduate at the Free University of Ber- work with Reuters and Radio France ongoing cycle of dictatorial and repressive lin (West), he felt a need move beyond the Internationale (RFI) built the foundation for leaders throughout much of the continent. European borders in which he’d been raised future leadership positions with Liberation Despite opportunities for reform, Smith and discover something vastly different. and, from 2000-2005, Le Monde. explains, corruption and strife continue to After receiving a grant to study in China, At Duke, he brings knowledge from his stiﬂe democratic progress. Smith began counting down the days to a adventures—along with more than 15 years “Even after the generation of Fathers of new adventure. But with only six weeks until of journalistic leadership—to the class- Independence, the new generations have departure, political controversy in the region room. This semester, Smith is teaching two not turned out to be the leaders we hoped led Chinese government authorities to dra- undergraduate public policy courses, titled them to be,” he says. In contrast, the Darfur course looks

UNIVERSITY PHOTOGRAPHY specifically at the origins of conflict in 28 Nations Sudan, how it continues to spread despite local and international containment efforts, Represented as well as the difficulty of finding reliable sources during an ongoing crisis. Smith has in Exec Ed been impressed with students’ high interest Programs and practical experience. “Many of my students have already been Nearly 100 individuals to Africa and done work with an NGO,” he representing 25 coun- says. “Although absolute interest in the tries participated in region is greater in former colonial powers executive education pro- like Britain and France, the niche is widen- grams this summer by the ing here in the United States.” Duke Center for Interna- Smith hopes to build on that interest as tional Development. The he expands his role in the United States over the next three years. Already he is teaching intensive 3- and 4-week the Darfur course to professional students at programs were: Project Johns Hopkins University, and plans to Appraisal and Risk Management, Fiscal Decentralization and Local Government Financial teach graduate courses at Duke as well. Management, Tax Analysis and Revenue Forecasting, and Budgeting and Financial And Duke, in Smith’s estimation, pro- Management in the Public Sector. The programs offer the expertise of Duke faculty, experts vides an ideal opportunity for review and from the field and international development agencies. This year the countries were: Angola, introspection. “By comparison to the univer- the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Columbia, Egypt, Ghana, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, sities I went to, the setup is very different. It is Liberia, Mongolia, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, Saint Lucia, Senegal, Sierra a golden opportunity to sit down, reﬂect and Leone, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Venezuela and Zambia. read—for anybody at any stage in his career.”

10 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus GLOBAL POLICY Fleishman Fellows Pursue Projects on HIV, Trafficking, NGO Structure Rondinelli Book Collection Dedicated he Sanford Institute welcomed five Alymbaeva has been director of the Social Fleishman Fellows this fall, the sixth Research Center (SRC) since 2005. The SRC’s The Resource Room in Rubenstein Hall now T year of the Joel L. Fleishman Fellows mission is to promote the long-lasting devel- houses a collection of 184 books dedicated to in Civil Society program. Fellows are selected opment of the principles and practices of the memory of the late Dennis A. Rondinelli, through a competitive application process to democracy, rule of law and social equality in a professor in the Duke Center for International pursue research projects during a month-long Kyrgyzstan. Alymbaeva is responsible for strate- Development who died this spring. Rondinelli sabbatical. Upon completion their final gic planning, overall operational management, was known for his prolific scholarship on papers will be available online at www.pub- corporate networking, communication and international development policy, adminis- pol.duke.edu/centers/civil. This year’s fel- partnership building. She holds an MS in pub- trative reform, globalization and economic lows and their projects are: lic policy from the Rochester (N.Y.) Institute development, public-private partnerships • Adedayo Adeyemi, Healthmatch Interna- of Technology, and a MA in education from and private enterprise development. tional, Nigeria, “Public-Private Partnership: Kyrgyz State Pedagogical University, Kyrgyzstan. His wife, Soonyoung Rondinelli, daughter, The Role of Civil Society in Scale-up of • Stana Buchowska, La Strada Foundation and son-in-law gathered with friends, col- Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Against Trafficking in Women, Poland, “Ap- leagues, and students on Oct. 4 to dedicate of HIV in Nigeria” plying the Best U.S. Practices of NGOs who the collection. It includes books he wrote or Adeyemi has been the projects director at Enable Access to Justice for Victims of co-wrote, as well as others that co-authors and Healthmatch International since 2000. Trafficking into Polish NGOs’ Practice” colleagues felt would logically be included in Healthmatch is a research- and outreach-ori- Buchowska is the co-founder and national a collection dedicated to him. The books are ented NGO that is concerned with HIV/ coordinator of La Strada Foundation. She available for use in the Resource Room. AIDS prevention and sexual/reproductive leads press and lobbying campaigns on behalf health. Adeyemi is committed to improving of trafficked persons in Poland and represents maternal health and improving access to pre- their perspectives before international organi- • Fatima Hassan, AIDS Law Project, South vention of mother-to-child transmission of zations such as the United Nations, the organi- Africa,“Changing Public Policy on AIDS in HIV in Nigeria. He received his MPH from zation for Security and Cooperation in Europe South Africa: Politics, Power and Civil Society, Harvard University and his BA in Medicine/ and the European Union. One of her main 2004-2007” Surgery from the University of Ilorin. advocacy and lobbying successes was the de- Hassan is a senior attorney and legal and • Aida Alymbaeva, Social Research Center, velopment of a National Action Program to human rights activist with the AIDS Law American University of Central Asia, Kyr- Prevent and Combat Trafficking in Persons in Project (ALP). She participates in the Treat- gyzstan, “Best Practices in Social Enterprising Poland. Buchowska received her MA in philo- ment Action Campaign (TAC), which has in the USA: Ways for Replication by Non- sophical sciences/cultural anthropology from been internationally credited with changing governmental Organizations in Kyrgyzstan” Comenius University, Bratislava. public policy regarding HIV/AIDS in South Africa. On behalf of TAC, Hassan has acted to improve access to affordable prevention and treatment services for people living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa and elsewhere. She holds an LLM from Duke University, and LLB and BA degrees from the University of the Witwatersrand. • Brian White, American Center for Mon- golian Studies, Mongolia, “Strategies for Co- ordinating Mongolian Library and Archive Information Resources into a Virtual Library Consortium” White began working in Mongolia as a Peace Corps Volunteer in 2002. He is now the resident director of the American Center for Mongolian Studies, a consortium of 33 academic and research institutions that facilitates academic research in Mongolia and Inner Asia. He is also the communication coordinator of Friends of Mongolia, a Peace Corps Associ- ation-affiliated organization that conducts programs to support small rural development and rural youth scholarships. White holds a BA UNIVERSITY PHOTOGRAPHY degree from the University of Washington and The 2007 Fleishman Fellows are, from left, Fatima Hassan, Stana Buchowska, Aida Alymbaeva, a MPA from Cornell University. Brian White and Adedayo Adeyemi.

Fall 2007 11 Guns (continued from page 1)

useful laboratory for ex- lence in the United States is $100 billion. to their members in order to avoid bringing amining the difference One of the study’s co-authors, Sudhir Ven- attention to the gang by the police. government regulations katesh of Columbia University, conducted more Drug dealers have little motivation to can make, Cook said. than 500 interviews with gang members, gun branch out into gun sales, because there is “We have not lost dealers, prostitutes, police, professional thieves not much money to be made there and a the battle against gun and public school security guards in two high- considerable risk of a crackdown by the misuse,” Cook said. “Gun crime South Side Chicago neighborhoods in Chicago police, who have long placed a high restrictions can make a order to learn about prices, waiting times and priority on interdicting illegal guns. difference in reducing other details of the illegal gun market. The research team also examined U.S. the death rate from vio- His interviews describe a black market in Department of Justice data collected from Cook lent crime.” which criminals, unable to find a gun, some- interviews with arrestees in 22 other cities, The study contrasts the underground mar- times hire brokers, and even they fail to com- including Washington and New York. The ket for guns, which has relatively few transac- plete a transaction 30 to 40 percent of the data generally support the conclusions tions and high risk, with the market for illicit time. When guns do change hands, they are drawn from the interviews in Chicago, sug- drugs, where there is a high volume of transac- often of poor quality and sold at high prices. gesting that illegal gun market forces are tions and relatively little enforcement pressure. Ammunition is similarly hard to come by. similar in other large cities that have strin- Despite falling overall crime rates since Surprisingly, though buyers could avoid gent handgun restrictions. the 1990s, America’s homicide rate remains these obstacles by sending a girlfriend or “Overall, these findings provide some four times higher than that of England and other proxy to the suburbs to obtain guns basis for hope.” Cook said. “Restricting crim- Wales. Firearms are involved in two-thirds legally from licensed dealers, “We didn’t see inal access to handguns is an important tool of America’s 18,000 annual homicides. By any indication of that,” Cook said. for saving lives.” contrast, only 10 percent of homicides A high percentage of Chicago homicides Philip J. Cook, Jens Ludwig, Sudhir Venkatesh and involve guns in England and Wales, where are gang related, and gang members can Anthony A. Braga. “Underground Gun Markets.” The access to firearms is severely restricted. The obtain guns more easily than nonmembers. Economic Journal 117 (November 2007) F1-F29. estimated annual societal cost of gun vio- Gang leaders control the supply of weapons

Zinni (continued from page 1)

Terry Sanford Distinguished Lecture, “Iraq: UNIVERSITY PHOTOGRAPHY Failures, Realities and the Future.” In Zinni’s course, “Leading in a New World,” undergraduates will examine the trends that have reshaped our world and the ways in which visionary leaders and organizations in all sectors have effectively responded to change. The course will be open to Hart Leadership Program students and public policy studies majors. Admission will be based on an application. In his most recent book, The Battle for Peace, Zinni describes how the world has changed since the collapse of the Soviet Union and calls for new ways to operate in it. Globalization, the rise of non-state entities, mass migrations, access to new technologies, the Information Age, the emergence of new powers and other changes have reshaped our world. Zinni argues that we must develop fresh approaches to security, governing, prospering Gen. Anthony Zinni signs a copy of his book for a student after his lecture earlier this year. economically, interacting with our environment and adapting to social change. Successful University of California at Berkeley, the Joint 2002, President George W. Bush appointed him leaders in all fields—including the military, Forces Staff College and the College of William the U.S. Special Envoy to Israel and the academia, politics and business—must know and Mary. Palestinian Authority. During that time, Zinni how to create, operate and thrive in very fluid, During his military career, Zinni served in became concerned with the policy the admin- flattened and integrated organizations that are more than 70 countries, including Japan, Ger- istration was taking on Iraq. remarkably different from the traditional many and two tours in Vietnam. From 1997 to In the months immediately prior to the war, structures we are used to seeing. 2000, he served as commander-in-chief of the he concluded that U.S. government leaders Zinni has lectured at more than 30 universi- U.S. Central Command, overseeing U.S. military were ill-prepared to launch a military cam- ties and holds chairs at several institutions activity in the Arab Gulf and Central Asia. paign in the Middle East and did not support including the Virginia Military Institute, the After Zinni retired from the Marines in the decision to go to war in Iraq. 12 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus Faculty News

Marc F. Bellemare, assistant professor of PPS, received a DCID Faculty Research Grant in April to study contract farming in developing countries. KudosMarc Bellemare, assis- Teaching and Mentoring Award. The award is Along with Alessandro Tarozzi, assistant professor tant professor of PPS, won given annually to a faculty member who of economics, Bellemare organized the second the 2007 Outstanding exemplifies outstanding service to graduate Duke Development Economics conference in Doctoral Dissertation students. It is named for the late Dick April, where he presented the paper “Moral Award from the American Stubbing, a longtime teacher/mentor in the Hazard, Heterogeneous Agents, and Imperfect Supervision: A Structural Approach,” which he Agricultural Economics MPP program. Krupp is the third recipient of also presented Oct. 27 at the Northeastern Association for his disser- the award. Universities Development Consortium (NEUDC) tation on “reverse” share conference at Harvard, and will present at the tenancy. The dissertation, Helen “Sunny” Ladd, North American winter meeting of the Econo- titled “Three Essays on Agrarian Contracts,” Edgar T. Thompson metric Society in New Orleans in January 2008. evaluated existing and new theories to Professor of PPS, will give Robert Cook-Deegan, research professor of PPS, account for the development of contracts the Spencer Foundation gave talks on “A Primer on DNA Patenting and Its between wealthy farmers and poor landown- Lecture in Education Relevance to Access to Genetic Tests,” to the ers, in settings where property rights are Policy and Management Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Genetics, loosely defined. Bellemare spent nine months Nov. 8 at the Annual Health, and Society (SACGHS), on March 26 in in Madagascar gathering data for his research. Conference of the Adelphi, Md.; on “Intellectual Property and Previous recipients of the AAEA award include Association for Public Genomic Innovation: DNA Science, Patents and renowned economists Marcel Fefchamps, Policy Analysis and Management. The award Money” at the Genome Sciences Seminar at the Chris Barrett (Bellemare’s advisor at Cornell) includes a $5,000 prize and possible publica- University of Washington on May 15 in Seattle; and Scott Rozelle. “It’s a really nice award to tion of the lecture. Ladd is the second recipi- and on “Technology-Intensive Biology: A Succession of Controversies” as part of the win,” Bellemare said. ent of the award and her lecture is entitled Director’s Distinguished Lecturer Series at the “Holding Schools Accountable Revisited.” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, on Associate Profes- May 22 in Livermore, Calif. Cook-Deegan spoke sor Cory Krupp, Frank Sloan, the J. Alex McMahon Professor of in Washington, D.C., on July 10 on “Who Owns director of gradu- Health Policy, and Ahmed Khwaja, Duke pro- Your Genes? Intellectual Property and the Human ate studies for the fessor of economics, won the Paul Geroski Best Genome,” for the Genetics and Public Policy Program in Interna- Article Prize for the best paper published in Center’s GenePOPS series. He was quoted in tional Development 2006 for their work “Evidence on Preferences The Economist Aug. 23, 2007 issue in the article Policy, was hon- and Subjective Beliefs of Risk-takers: the Case of “Briefing: Genetics, Medicine and Insurance: ored at the Insti- Cigarettes,” International Journal of Industrial Do Not Ask or Do Not Answer?” tute’s fall faculty/ Organization 24.4 (July 2006): 667-682. The Professor of PPS Alex Harris spoke Oct. 16 about staff reception as honor is given by Elsevier, publisher of IJIO, his latest book, The Idea of Cuba, at the Georgia the 2007 recipient and comes with a $1,000 prize. The third co- Museum of Contemporary Art in Atlanta and was of the Richard A. author of the paper, Martin Salm, is a gradu- interviewed on CNN.com on Oct. 17. He also is Stubbing Graduate ate of the Duke Economics program. scheduled to speak on the book Nov. 16 at the Nasher Museum of Art. Professor of PPS Bruce Jentleson was appointed the Prime Minister’s Office, Regional and Local Targets” at the Human Resources for Health Re- program co-chair for the 2009 American Political Government (PMO-RALG), and is assisting in the search Conference in Lusaka, Zambia in June. In Science Association (APSA) Annual Meeting, design and implementation of fiscal decentraliza- May, she presented the paper “Winning Global Fund which will take place in Canada. He gave a presen- tion and local government financial management. Proposals: Case Studies from Malawi and Zambia” tation on “State Building After Afghanistan and at the workshop “Health Systems Strengthening Helen “Sunny” Ladd, the Edgar T. Thompson Iraq” in a briefing to the policy community in through the Global Fund Round 7” in Thailand. Professor of PPS, made two presentations about Washington, D.C., on Sept. 28 and participated in In addition, Martin-Staples’ consulting company, teacher credentials and student achievement at a meeting organized by the State Department and Health Strategies International LLC, recently won the inaugural Center for the Analysis of National Intelligence Council on “Genocide and a USAID sub-contract to provide technical assis- Longitudinal Data in Education Research Mass Atrocities Prevention” Oct. 17-18. He also tance globally to support tuberculosis control. was invited to the roundtable discussion of “The (CALDER) conference on Oct. 4 in Washington, US in the World: Major Power Relations,” part of D.C. CALDER is a project of the Urban Institute Phyllis Pomerantz, visiting professor of the prac- the 48th Strategy for Peace Conference Oct. 25- and five university partners. On Nov. 17, she will tice of PPS, was appointed by the mayor of Chapel 28; and to take part in “Reconciling the U.S. and join other three other former recipients of the Hill to serve on the Northern Area Task Force to the World,” the final event in the After the National Tax Association Dissertation Award to examine development scenarios and to draft a Unipolar Moment Project on Nov. 29-30. Both reflect on developments during the past 30 years at report to serve as the basis for new ordinances and conferences are sponsored by the Stanley Founda- the association’s 100th annual conference in zoning regulations. She also is serving on the tion and held at the Airlie House Conference Columbus, Ohio. Greater Chapel Hill Chamber of Commerce’s Economic Development Committee. Center in Warrenton, Va. Anne M. Martin-Staple, research scholar and vis- Roy Kelly, professor of the practice of PPS, has iting lecturer at the Duke Center for International Visiting lecturer Laura Roselle was elected pro- concluded his work as the resident fiscal decentral- Development, was a presenter and panelist at the gram chair for the International Communication ization advisor to the Cambodian Ministry of Bill and Melinda Gates Forum Oct. 16-18 in Seattle, Section of the International Studies Association. Wash. She presented the papers “Assessing Civil Economy and Finance under a two-year Senior Research Fellow of PPS Anthony So served Society Human Resources for Zambian Malaria Duke/UNCDF contract. He is now working as as course director of the American Medical Scale-Up” and “Building Zambian Training Institu- finance advisor to the government of Tanzania, in Student Association’s first Pharmaceutical Policy tion Capacity to Meet Ministry of Health Output Fall 2007 13 Leaders in Medicine Institute in Reston, Va., in Improve Awareness and Change Behavior? July. The Institute brought more than 20 physi- Faculty Publications Arsenic contamination of groundwater in cians-in-training from across the country for four Bangladesh.” Journal of Development Economics days of intensive, interactive workshops and talks Cook, Philip J., J. Ludwig, S. A. Venkatesh, 84(2007): 731-754. by leading pharmaceutical policy experts, advo- and A.A. Braga. “Underground Gun Markets.” cates, and investigative journalists. So also joined The Economic Journal 117 (November 2007): Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A.; Alexander Pfaff, the newly constituted Expert Advisory Group for F1-F29. J.A. Robalino, and J.P. Boomhower. “Costa Rica’s the Open Society Institute’s Information Program. Payment for Environmental Services Program: Cook, Philip J. and P. Reuter. “When is Alco- He also served as part of the WHO Scientific Intention, Implementation, and Impact.” hol Just another Drug?”Addiction 102.8 (June Resource Group for its Program on Globalization, Conservation Biology 21 (5), 1165–1173. 2007): 1183-1188. Trade and Health at a meeting on Wasan Island in Pomerantz, Phyllis. Book Review of Foreign Ontario, Canada in August. Cook, Philip J. and R. Hutchinson. “Smoke Aid: Diplomacy, Development Domestic Signals: Adolescent Smoking and School Con- Assistant Professor of PPS Don Taylor was Politics. In Political Science Quarterly 122.3 tinuation.” In Advances in Austrian Economics named Director of the Benjamin N. Duke and (Fall 2007): 518-519. Vol. 10. Marina Bianchi, ed. Elsevier, 2007. Trinity Scholarship programs at Duke University. Roselle, Laura and S. Spray. Research and The scholarships are awarded to students who Davidson E.M., R. Frothingham, and Robert Writing in International Relations. Longman demonstrate leadership and community service Cook-Deegan. “Science and Security: Practical Publishers, 2007. and high academic achievement. Experience in Dual-Use Review.” Science Wiener, Jonathan. “Precaution.” In Oxford Jonathan Wiener, William R. and Thomas L. 316.5830 (8 June 2007): 1432-1433. www.sci- encemag.org/ cgi/content/full/316/5830/1432 Handbook of International Environmental Law. Perkins Professor of Law, Environmental Policy and D. Bodansky, J. Brunnee and E. Hey, eds., PPS, will chair the Society for Risk Analysis Harris, Alex. The Idea of Cuba. Albuquerque, Oxford University Press, 2007. Annual Meeting in San Antonio, Texas, Dec. 9-12. N.M.: The University of New Mexico Press, 2007. Wiener gave a lecture, “Comparing Risk Regula- Wiener, Jonathan. “Think Globally, Act Globally: tion in the U.S. and Europe,” at Georgetown Law Broad, K., Alexander Pfaff, R. Taddei, S. Aru- The Limits of Local Climate Policies.” University School on Sept. 19. He also co-organized and mugam, U. Lall and A. Souza Filho. “Climate, of Pennsylvania Law Review 155 (2007): 101-119. Stream Flow Prediction and Water Management spoke at a conference on “Climate and Develop- Wiener, Jonathan. “Incentives and Meta- ment in the Changing World Order” in Paris, in Northeast Brazil: societal trends and forecast value.” Climatic Change 84 (2007): 217-239. Architectures: Comments on Jeffrey Frankel.” France, on Oct. 1. He gave a lecture at the Worst- In Architectures for Agreement: Addressing Global Case Scenarios Conference at Harvard Law Madajewicz, M., Alexander Pfaff, J. Graziano, Climate Change in the Post-Kyoto World. R. N. School on Oct. 4, which he will also give at the A. van Geen, I. Hussein, H. Momotaj, R. Sylvi Stavins and J. E. Aldy, eds., Cambridge Univer- Symposium on Reforming U.S. Environmental and H. Ahsan. “Can Information Alone Both sity Press, 2007. Law at the NYU Law School on Dec. 3. Alumni News

MPP Notes Andrea Reese (’05) works as a Fernando Lohmann (’04) left GG New York City in October. Jenifer is stewardship specialist for the Investimentos to join Grupo a consultant with Gartner focusing Eva DuBuisson (’07) graduated Virginia Outdoors Foundation, Votorantim, Brazil’s largest industri- on IT strategy for New York City from law school, became engaged to ensuring compliance with land con- al group, as a global mergers & government clients. Dan Blau, moved to Raleigh and servation agreements between the acquisitions project manager. state and private landowners. She Delvecchio Finley (’02) was select- started work as an associate at Janna Matlack (’04) has relocated ed as a member of the 2007-08 class Tharrington Smith LLP represent- and her husband, Adam Strait, just celebrated their first anniversary. from Philadelphia to San Diego. of Leadership San Francisco. He is a ing public school boards across She will work for the Sullivan division administrator with San North Carolina. Gray Chynoweth (’04) married Group Real Estate Advisors as a Francisco General Hospital. Erica Lee (’06) has a new position Tara Claire Hurst in New Canaan, senior analyst. Conn., on Sept. 29. After a honey- Trip Stallings (’02), consultant and with the State of New York Division Mike Dombeck (’03) has a new policy analyst at the Center for of Budget Federal Relations team in moon in Italy they will live and work in Manchester, N.H. position as deputy director for mar- Teaching Quality in Hillsborough, Washington, D.C. ket analytics and strategic business N.C., received the James Yadkin Eben Polk (’06) is an associate at Kristie Dubay (’04) and her hus- intelligence at Talecris Biothera- Joyner Fellowship in Educational the Nicholas Institute for Environ- band, Kevin Jermyn, welcomed peutics in Research Triangle Park. Policy, UNC-Chapel Hill School mental Policy Solutions at Duke, their first child, Myles Dubay of Education, 2007-2008. He also Jermyn, on June 29. Kristie has a Jason DeRousie (’03) and wife, received the Governmental and his wife, Christy, works at the Becky Sanford DeRousie, welcomed Duke Divinity School. new position at the North Carolina Research Association 2007 Institute of Medicine as managing their first child, Hayden Caroline Outstanding Policy Achievement Kate Roetzer (’06) recently was editor of the North Carolina DeRousie, on July 12. They live in Category - State Level - Certificate promoted to legislative assistant in Medical Journal. State College, Pa., where Jason is an of Merit for the article, “Missing the office of U.S. Rep. David Price. academic advisor at Penn State Persons: Understanding and She works on energy, environment, Tim Greeff (’04) left the Natural University and is finishing his PhD Addressing High School Dropout in transportation and infrastructure Resources Defense Council for a in higher education. North Carolina,” published in the new position as deputy legislative issues. Jenifer Hlavna Feaster (’03) and May 2007 issue of North Carolina director at the League of Conserva- Insight. tion Voters in Washington, D.C. her husband, Brian, relocated to

14 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus Greetings from Niger, from Eric Haglund, MPP ’07: “The guy I’m interviewing here is a local chief. We’re sitting in his ﬁelds where he grows millet and cowpea discussing his experience as a ‘pilot farmer’ using some of the improved agricultural techniques developed by ICRISAT, one of the organizations I’m working with here in Niger. ICRISAT has a lot of data on how these techniques impact crop yields and soil fertility, but they haven’t been very system- atic in documenting the economic impact on the farmers who use these techniques or the willingness of farmers to try these techniques without heavi- ly subsidized (or free) inputs. Needless to say I’m thinking a lot about the evaluative methods from your [Professor Phil Cook’s] class. …”

John Taylor (’02) is working as a Stephanie Grice McGarrah (’00) Keith Ernst (’96) and his wife, Michael Bee (’86) was promoted to senior program manager at the left Red Hat and started a new posi- Nisha Gopal, welcomed a second executive officer of the U.S. Coast Consortium for Energy Efficiency tion as Assistant Secretary of Policy, daughter, Swati Ernst, on April 8. Guard Intelligence Coordination and serves as liaison to the ENER- Research and Strategic Planning at Keith is senior policy counsel at the Center (ICC) in Suitland, Md. ICC GY STAR Program. He and his wife the North Carolina Department of Center for Responsible Lending in produces intelligence to support the Rachael (a 2000 Nicholas School Commerce. Durham. USCG Commandant, Department alumna who is director of coastal of Homeland Security and the intel- conservation for The Nature Mireya Bustamante Brogan (’99) Heather (McCallum) Hahn (’95) ligence community. Conservancy) recently relocated and her husband, Chris, celebrated her husband, Jim, and stepdaugh- from Boston to Traverse City, Mich., the birth of their second child, Thomas ters, Sierra,13, and Kira, 9, celebrat- Mark Flanders (’86) was named where they are both telecommuting. Knox Brogan, on Aug. 23. Mireya and ed the birth of Kai-Jin Macallum assistant director Ohio Legislative her family live in Austin, Texas. Hahn, on May 19. Heather is on the Service Commission. Sarah Butzen (’01) her husband, Education, Workforce, and Income Ben Albers, and their son, Gabriel, Jeffrey Bland (’98) celebrated the Security Team at the U.S. Govern- Jack Nichols (’77) is running for welcomed new baby Eleanor Grace birth of Georgia Gert Bland on Dec. ment Accountability Office in the N.C. Senate in Wake County. on April 24th. Sarah and her family 21, 2006. Georgia is the baby sister Washington, D.C. Currently an attorney with Allen live in Chapel Hill, where Sarah to Rory, 3, and Sawyer, 2. Jeffrey has and Pinnix P.A., in Raleigh, Jack was works at RTS Inc. a new position at Husch & Jon Rosenwasser (’95) and his wife, a Wake County Commissioner in Eppenberger LLC in St. Louis, Mo. Jennifer, had their ﬁrst child on the 1990s. Alexandra Kennaugh (’01) and her Aug. 21, Max Isaac Rosenwasser. Jon husband, Christian, celebrated the Heather Flodstrom (’98) left the works in the Office of the Director birth of their son, Liam Christoph, Gates Foundation to take a new of National Intelligence in on Aug. 22. Alex and her family live position as executive director of the Washington, D.C. Undergraduate in London, U.K., where Alex works Luke 12:48 Foundation in Seattle, Alumni Notes: for Natural Resources Defense Wash. She will initially help set the Jess Hale (’88) published an article, Council. foundation’s giving focus, and ulti- “Cousins Near and Far: The mately will do the analysis and Relationship of Johnson Bible Sachin Agarwal (’00) has joined grant-making for the foundation. College to the Disciples of Christ Wow! Monsoon Capital LLC, an India She is excited about this start-up and the Churches of Christ,” in the focused hedge fund located in opportunity and to be living out her Spring 2007 issue of Tennessee Your response to our call for Bethesda, Md., as a research analyst. calling as she gets to help a generous Historical Quarterly. He was among news was unprecedented. He completed his MBA from the Christian family be good stewards of the 250 attorneys, judges, law pro- To accommodate everyone, University of Maryland in May. their resources. fessors, legislators and other state we’ve published PPS alumni officials who participated in the news on the Sanford Web Hayden Childs (’00), his wife, Mollie (Finch) Hunter (’98), her 2007 Annual Meeting of the site. Please visit: Emily, and 2-year-old son, Abe, wel- husband and 2-year-old son, Luke, Uniform Law Commission (ULC). comed their second child, Geneva welcomed James, born in January. He was appointed a Tennessee pubpol.duke.edu/news/ Elise Barrett Childs, on Aug. 2. Mollie is living in Norfolk, Va., Uniform Law Commissioner in 2006 alumni Hayden and his family live in where her husband is the operations and serves on the ULC Legislative Austin, Texas, where he works for officer at the Navy’s Computer Committee. the Texas Legislative Budget Board. Network Defense Command. Fall 2007 15 GALLERY‘Mightier Than the Sword: The Satirical Pen of KAL’• Kevin “Kal” Kallaugher

Decades of political PUBLIC POLICY issues and players are on display at the Sanford Institute in an exhibit of nearly 100 Focus political cartoons and caricatures by award- is published four times winning cartoonist a year by the Kevin “Kal” Kallaugher. Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy Kal has been illustrating Duke University world affairs for The Box 90239 Economist magazine of Durham, NC 27708-0239 London since 1978. www.pubpol.duke.edu The exhibit, located in Rubenstein Hall from Nov. 7, 2007 through the academic year, also includes selec- The Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy is a national and tions from the nearly 4,000 editorial cartoons international leader in public Kal drew during 17 years at The Baltimore policy studies. Its mission is to Sun. educate tomorrow’s leaders and The drawings offer perspectives improve the quality of public on national and international politi- policymaking through research, cal issues and events, from the fall professional training, and policy and community engagement. of the Soviet Union and the end of apartheid in South Africa to the Institute Director: 9/11 and Katrina disasters in the Bruce Kuniholm United States. Focus Editor: Karen Kemp During the spring semester, For more information, with an eye toward the 2008 presi- please contact [email protected] dential election, Kal will partici- pate in a Sanford Institute event focusing on the role of satire in political discourse. Kal’s work has appeared in more than 100 publications worldwide, including Le His cartoons are distributed worldwide by Monde, Der Spiegel, Pravda, The International Herald Cartoonarts International and the New York Times Tribune, The New York Times, The New Yorker, Time, Syndicate. His fifth book of illustrations, KAL Draws

50% PCW RECYCLED PAPER Newsweek and The Washington Post. Criticism, was published in June 2006.

TERRY First Class SANFORD INSTITUTE U.S. Postage OF PUBLIC POLICY PAID Durham, NC DUKE Permit No.60 Duke University Box 90239 Durham, NC 27708-0239