Composition of Parliament
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ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions. -
Party Group Re-Affiliation in the European Parliament: Analysing the Individual- and System-Level Determinants of Switching
Party Group Re-affiliation in the European Parliament: Analysing the Individual- and System-Level Determinants of Switching Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades an der Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München vorgelegt von Aaron Russell Martin, MA 2020 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Klaus H. Goetz Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Paul W. Thurner Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15.7.2020 ii Abstract Party switching in national parliaments has become an established field of political science research entailing studies of single legislatures as well as cross-national analyses. In the case of the European Parliament (EP), approximately ten percent of all members (MEPs) change their party group label each session. When compared to national parliaments, only Brazil and Italy surpass this level of member volatility. The literature analyzing this phenomenon includes descriptive accounts and qualitative case studies, as well as single- and multi-session examinations. While this research produces valuable insights, the results have not yet provided scholars with a clear explanation for why so many MEPs change group labels. This cumulative dissertation analyzes and explains the causes of party group switching in the EP. In order to fully understand why MEPs re-affiliate so frequently, I examine not only the individual correlates of switching, but I also re-evaluate the EP’s system of party groups. In order to characterize the incentive structure MEPs face when choosing whether or not to switch groups, the first two papers examine the components of the EP party group system, including its format and mechanics. The second two papers then apply what is learned about the EP’s unevenly institutionalized party group system to the analysis of party group switching. -
How Political Parties, Rather Than Member-States, Are Building the European Union
How Political Parties, Rather than Member-States, Are Building the European Union Josep M. Colomer Higher Council of Scientific Research (CSIC) and Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Abstract Political party formation and coalition building in the European Parliament is being a driving force for making governance of the highly pluralistic European Union relatively effective and consensual. In spite of successive enlargements and the very high number of electoral parties obtaining representation in the European Union institutions, the number of effective European Political Groups in the European Parliament has decreased from the first direct election in 1979 to the fifth in 1999. The formal analysis of national party¹s voting power in different European party configurations can explain the incentives for national parties to join large European Political Groups instead of forming smaller nationalistic groupings. Empirical evidence shows increasing cohesion of European Political Groups and an increasing role of the European Parliament in EU inter-institutional decision making. As a consequence of this evolution, intergovernmentalism is being replaced with federalizing relations. The analysis can support positive expectations regarding the governability of the European Union after further enlargements provided that new member states have party systems fitting the European Political Groups. JEL: C71, D72. H77 Keywords: Political parties, Coalitions, Power indices, Political institutions, European Union. Address: Prof. Josep M. Colomer. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Economics. Ramon Trias Fargas 25. Barcelona 08005 Spain. e-mail: [email protected] 1. Introduction The evolution of the European Community (EC) and the European Union (EU) demonstrates that not only formal institutions, but also organizations, such as political parties, can play an aggregating role, rendering institutional decision-making feasible in a pluralistic community. -
European Policy Briefs Produced by the Federal Trust
TTHEHE FEDERALFEDERAL TRUSTTRUST TTHEHE FEDERALFEDERALfor education TRUSTTRUST & research enlightening the debate on good governance EuropeanPolicyBrief Mar 2006 • Issue 25 • The Federal Trust, 7 Graphite Square, Vauxhall Walk, London SE11 5EE • www.fedtrust.co.uk To leave or not to leave? The Conservatives and the European People's Party in the European Parliament David Cameron, the new leader of the Conservative Party, has been accused by his critics of favouring style over substance, and yet on one issue his position has been very clear: he wants to see the Conservatives leave their current political group in the European Parliament (EP). This party group, known as the European People's Party-European Democrats (EPP-ED), is currently the largest in the EP, with 264 seats, of which British Conservatives hold 27.1 David Cameron believes that the views and aims of the group are fundamentally at odds with Conservative beliefs. In particular, he argues that the Conservatives do not share the EPP-ED's pro-integrationist ambitions. He has also claimed that on free trade and the transatlantic partnership the group does not have the same views as the Conservatives. An objective assessment of the choices facing the Conservatives shows that a decision to leave the EPP-ED will have mixed consequences. The legislative influence of the Party in the European Parliament would probably be reduced, while the organisational benefits are not entirely clear. In addition, the areas of disagreement with the EPP are not the matters the Parliament concerns itself with most. On the economic issues, which dominate the agenda of the European Parliament, the Conservatives are probably closest to the EPP out of all the existing party groups. -
50 YEARS of EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HISTORY and Subjugated
European Parliament – 50th birthday QA-70-07-089-EN-C series 1958–2008 Th ere is hardly a political system in the modern world that does not have a parliamentary assembly in its institutional ‘toolkit’. Even autocratic or totalitarian BUILDING PARLIAMENT: systems have found a way of creating the illusion of popular expression, albeit tamed 50 YEARS OF EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HISTORY and subjugated. Th e parliamentary institution is not in itself a suffi cient condition for granting a democratic licence. Yet the existence of a parliament is a necessary condition of what 1958–2008 we have defi ned since the English, American and French Revolutions as ‘democracy’. Since the start of European integration, the history of the European Parliament has fallen between these two extremes. Europe was not initially created with democracy in mind. Yet Europe today is realistic only if it espouses the canons of democracy. In other words, political realism in our era means building a new utopia, that of a supranational or post-national democracy, while for two centuries the DNA of democracy has been its realisation within the nation-state. Yves Mény President of the European University Institute, Florence BUILDING PARLIAMENT: BUILDING 50 YEARS OF EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HISTORY PARLIAMENT EUROPEAN OF YEARS 50 ISBN 978-92-823-2368-7 European Parliament – 50th birthday series Price in Luxembourg (excluding VAT): EUR 25 BUILDING PARLIAMENT: 50 YEARS OF EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HISTORY 1958–2008 This work was produced by the European University Institute, Florence, under the direction of Yves Mény, for the European Parliament. Contributors: Introduction, Jean-Marie Palayret; Part One, Luciano Bardi, Nabli Beligh, Cristina Sio Lopez and Olivier Costa (coordinator); Part Two, Pierre Roca, Ann Rasmussen and Paolo Ponzano (coordinator); Part Three, Florence Benoît-Rohmer; Conclusions, Yves Mény. -
European Parliament Presented at REHVA Supporters Seminar Feb 12, 2009 by Ms Sirpa Pietikäinen MEP
European Parliament presented at REHVA supporters seminar Feb 12, 2009 by Ms Sirpa Pietikäinen MEP www.EPP-ED.eu 2009 Visits and Seminars Unit DG Communication EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ©2009 European Parliament, Visits and Seminars Unit European Union EU 27 (2007) Candidate countries ©2009 European Parliament, Visits and Seminars Unit EU Institutions The European Parliament The Council of the EU ¾Ministers of 27 Member States ¾785 Members of the Parliament (MEP) ¾EU legislative power (shared with EP) ¾EU legislative power (shared with Council) ¾EU budgetary power (shared with EP) ¾EU budgetary power (shared with Council) ¾foreign policy decisions ¾parliamentary control of other institutions ¾agricultural policy decisions ¾President Mr Hans-Gert Pöttering ¾rotating presidency The European Commission ¾27 Commissioners ¾control of planning and implementation ¾presents legislative initiatives ¾President Mr Jose Manuel Durao Barroso ©2009 European Parliament, Visits and Seminars Unit The Presidencies of EU Institutions The President The President of the European Parliament of the European Commission Mr Hans-Gert Pöttering Mr Jose Manuel Durao Barroso The Presidency of the Council of the European Union France Sweden July - December 2008 July - December 2009 Czech Republic January - June 2009 ©2009 European Parliament, Visits and Seminars Unit European Parliament Parliament’s powers Legislative power Parliamentary control Most EU laws are adopted Parliament supervises other jointly by the European EU institutions and can pass Parliament and the Council -
Description of the Euromanifestos Dataset 1979/1999 and 2004
EUROMANIFESTO DOCUMENTATION Daniela Braun, Maike Salzwedel, Christian Stumpf and Andreas M. Wüst This file compiles all relevant information on the Euromanifesto collection, on missing Euromanifestos, on the coding, on additional variables provided by the coders, and the information on all variables included in the Euromanifesto dataset. The latter information also contains macro data for each country, party, and election, like vote shares, seats and parliamentary group membership. For the analytical variables that have been computed and used for analyses, the SPSS syntax is documented as well. The documentation includes information divided into the following five parts: 1. Coded Euromanifestos 1979–2004 2. Euromanifestos Coding Scheme (EMCS) 3. Euromanifesto Coding Instructions 4. Additional Information Provided by Coders 5. Description of the Euromanifestos Dataset Version 31/05/2012 GESIS study no. ZA4457 doi:10.4232/1.4457 1 Coded Euromanifestos 1979–2004 EUROPE (Euro-Parties) Initials Party Name EM-ID Elections Manifestos first-last not available EPP-ED European People’s Party-European Democrats 10600 1979-2004 - PES Party of European Socialists 10300 1979-2004 - ELDR European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party 10400 1979-2004 - EFGP European Federation of Green Parties 10100 1989-2004 - AUSTRIA Initials Party Name EM-ID Elections Manifestos first-last not available SPÖ Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs 42320 1996-2004 - Social Democratic Party of Austria ÖVP Österreichische Volkspartei 42520 1996-2004 - Austrian People’s Party -
25 Years of the Sakharov Prize
CARDOC JOURNALS No 11 - NOVEMBER 2013 25 YEARS OF THE SAKHAROV PRIZE The European Parliament upholding freedom of thought ARCHIVE AND DOCUMENTATION CENTRE (CARDOC) EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT EN Author of the document: Päivi VAINIOMÄKI Coordinator: Donato ANTONA EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ARCHIVE AND DOCUMENTATION CENTRE (CARDOC) [email protected] NB: The opinions expressed in this document are those of the author and in no way represent those of the European Parliament or of any of its bodies or services. Cover picture: Sculpture of Andrei Sakharov by Peter Shapiro © Barbara Krawcowicz, http://www.flickr.com/photos/krawcowicz/3953805297/ Other photos © European Union 1989-2012 - European Parliament. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. ISBN 978-92-823-4880-2 doi: 10.2861/38589 © European Union, 2013 Printed in Luxembourg TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 by Martin Schulz, President of the European Parliament INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 CHAPTER I – THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND ANDREI SAKHAROV _______ 9 CHAPTER II – THE CREATION OF THE SAKHAROV PRIZE _________________________________ 15 1. The proposal by Mr Deniau and the parliamentary report (1984-1985) ________ 15 2. The creation of the prize (1986-1988) ___________________________________________________________________ 19 2.1. Development -
Democracy in the European Parliament
FIRST DRAFT Comments Welcome Democracy in the European Parliament by Simon Hix London School of Economics and Political Science Abdul Noury Free University of Brussels Gérard Roland University of California, Berkeley 11 July 2005 S. Hix, A. Noury and G. Roland (2005) Democracy in the European Parliament Detailed Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Summary of the Argument and the Main Findings ........................................................................ 4 Outline of the Book ......................................................................................................................... 7 Lessons for Political Science and European Politics .................................................................... 10 Chapter 1 Development of the European Parliament ....................................................................... 15 1.1. Powers of the European Parliament ....................................................................................... 15 1.1.1. Power to Control the Executive: A Hybrid Model ....................................................... 17 1.1.2. Power to Make Legislation: From a Lobbyist to a Co-Legislator................................. 21 1.2. Political Parties in the European Parliament: A ‘Two-Plus-Several’ Party System .............. 25 1.3. The Electoral Disconnection ................................................................................................. -
Revenue System Preferences in the European Parliament
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Mohl, Philipp; Heinemann, Friedrich; Osterloh, Steffen Working Paper Who's afraid of an EU tax and why? Revenue system preferences in the European Parliament ZEW Discussion Papers, No. 08-027 Provided in Cooperation with: ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research Suggested Citation: Mohl, Philipp; Heinemann, Friedrich; Osterloh, Steffen (2008) : Who's afraid of an EU tax and why? Revenue system preferences in the European Parliament, ZEW Discussion Papers, No. 08-027, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW), Mannheim This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/24722 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Dis cus si on Paper No. -
Journal of Contemporary European Research
Journal of Contemporary European Research Volume 15, Issue 4 (2019) ResearCh ArtiCle Is it all about European Democracy? The Motives behind the Institutionalisation of the Spitzenkandidaten Lukáš Hamřík and Petr Kaniok Citation Hamřík, L. and Kaniok, P. (2019). ‘Is it all about European DemoCraCy? The Motives behind the Institutionalisation of the Spitzenkandidaten’, Journal of Contemporary European Research 15(4): 354-377. https://doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v15i4.950 First published at: www.jcer.net Volume 15, Issue 4 (2019) Lukáš Hamřík and Petr Kaniok Abstract The European Parliament elections in 2014 and 2019 were different insofar as European citizens had the possibility to ‘directly’ influence who could become the next President of the European Commission. This innovation is based on the idea of ‘Spitzenkandidaten’, where a vote for a given political party also represents a vote for its lead candidate. This article examines the process behind the institutionalisation of the Spitzenkandidaten procedure, with attention focused on the actors involved and their motivations for supporting this institutional innovation. Using a qualitative content analysis of EU institutional and party documentation, the article confirms that the Spitzenkandidaten procedure should be perceived as the culmination of a long-term process beginning in the pre- Amsterdam era. It also concludes that the procedure, as firstly applied in 2014, represents the common effort of two supranational institutions and four European political parties. It is also argued that while the emergence of the Spitzenkandidaten is primarily a result of perceived shortcomings of the EU’s democratic quality, actors’ self-interest was also driving force. Keywords Spitzenkandidaten; Lead candidates; EU democracy; European Commission; European Parliament; European political parties The European Union (EU) has been contending with issues of legitimacy for over half of its existence. -
Banking Union for Europe – Risks and Challenges Banking Union for Europe Risks and Challenges
Banking Union for Europe – Risks and Challenges Banking Union for Europe Risks and Challenges Edited by Thorsten Beck Centre for Economic Policy Research 77 Bastwick Street, London EC1V 3PZ Tel: +44 (0)20 7183 8801 Fax: +44 (0)20 7183 8820 A VoxEU.org Book Email: [email protected] www.cepr.org Banking Union for Europe Risks and Challenges Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) Centre for Economic Policy Research 3rd Floor 77 Bastwick Street London, EC1V 3PZ UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7183 8801 Fax: +4 (0)20 7183 8820 Email: [email protected] Web: www.cepr.org © Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2012 Banking Union for Europe Risks and Challenges Edited by Thorsten Beck With contributions from: Viral Acharya, Joshua Aizenman, Franklin Allen, Thorsten Beck, Erik Berglöf, Claudia Buch, Elena Carletti, Ralph de Haas, Luis Garicano, Andrew Gimber, Charles Goodhart, Vasso Ioannidou, Daniel Gros, Dirk Schoenmaker, Geoffrey Underhill, Wolf Wagner, Benjamin Weigert, Frank Westermann, Charles Wyplosz and Jeromin Zettelmeyer.. Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) The Centre for Economic Policy Research is a network of over 800 Research Fellows and Affiliates, based primarily in European Universities. The Centre coordinates the re- search activities of its Fellows and Affiliates and communicates the results to the public and private sectors. CEPR is an entrepreneur, developing research initiatives with the producers, consumers and sponsors of research. Established in 1983, CEPR is a Euro- pean economics research organization with uniquely wide-ranging scope and activities. The Centre is pluralist and non-partisan, bringing economic research to bear on the analysis of medium- and long-run policy questions.