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Remaking Italy? Place Configurations and Italian Electoral Politics Under the ‘Second Republic’
Modern Italy Vol. 12, No. 1, February 2007, pp. 17–38 Remaking Italy? Place Configurations and Italian Electoral Politics under the ‘Second Republic’ John Agnew The Italian Second Republic was meant to have led to a bipolar polity with alternation in national government between conservative and progressive blocs. Such a system it has been claimed would undermine the geographical structure of electoral politics that contributed to party system immobilism in the past. However, in this article I argue that dynamic place configurations are central to how the ‘new’ Italian politics is being constructed. The dominant emphasis on either television or the emergence of ‘politics without territory’ has obscured the importance of this geographical restructuring. New dynamic place configurations are apparent particularly in the South which has emerged as a zone of competition between the main party coalitions and a nationally more fragmented geographical pattern of electoral outcomes. These patterns in turn reflect differential trends in support for party positions on governmental centralization and devolution, geographical patterns of local economic development, and the re-emergence of the North–South divide as a focus for ideological and policy differences between parties and social groups across Italy. Introduction One of the high hopes of the early 1990s in Italy was that following the cleansing of the corruption associated with the party regime of the Cold War period, Italy could become a ‘normal country’ in which bipolar politics of electoral competition between clearly defined coalitions formed before elections, rather than perpetual domination by the political centre, would lead to potential alternation of progressive and conservative forces in national political office and would check the systematic corruption of partitocrazia based on the jockeying for government offices (and associated powers) after elections (Gundle & Parker 1996). -
CG36(2019)02Final 2 April 2019
36th SESSION Report CG36(2019)02final 2 April 2019 Verification of new members’ credentials Bureau of the Congress Co-rapporteurs 1 : Michail ANGELOPOULOS, Greece (L, EPP/CCE) Johan VAN DEN HOUT, Netherlands (R, SOC) Resolution 439 (2019) ............................................................................................................................. 2 Summary The rapporteurs review the credentials of the new members in the light of the current criteria of the Congress Charter and Rules and Procedures. 1 L: Chamber of Local Authorities / R: Chamber of Regions EPP/CCE: European People’s Party Group in the Congress SOC: Socialist Group ILDG: Independent and Liberal Democrat Group ECR: European Conservatives and Reformists Group NR: Members not belonging to a political group of the Congress Tel ► +33 (0)3 8841 2110 Fax ► +33 (0)3 9021 5580 [email protected] CG36(2019)02final RESOLUTION 439 (2019)2 1. In compliance with the Congress’ Charter and Rules and Procedures, the countries listed hereafter have changed the composition of their delegation due to either the loss of mandate or the resignation of some members of the delegation of: Czech Republic, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Russian Federation, Serbia and Spain. 2. At present there are 4 representative seats and 16 substitute seats vacant out of a total of 648 seats. The countries concerned – Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom – are invited to complete their delegation. 3. The rapporteurs on the verification of credentials propose that the Congress approve the credentials of the members of the national delegations appended to this resolution and the new appointment procedure of Turkey. -
The Political Legacy of Entertainment TV
School of Economics and Finance The Political Legacy of Entertainment TV Ruben Durante, Paolo Pinotti and Andrea Tesei Working Paper No. 762 December 201 5 ISSN 1473-0278 The Political Legacy of Entertainment TV∗ Ruben Durantey Paolo Pinottiz Andrea Teseix July 2015 Abstract We investigate the political impact of entertainment television in Italy over the past thirty years by exploiting the staggered intro- duction of Silvio Berlusconi's commercial TV network, Mediaset, in the early 1980s. We find that individuals in municipalities that had access to Mediaset prior to 1985 - when the network only featured light entertainment programs - were significantly more likely to vote for Berlusconi's party in 1994, when he first ran for office. This effect persists for almost two decades and five elections, and is es- pecially pronounced for heavy TV viewers, namely the very young and the old. We relate the extreme persistence of the effect to the relative incidence of these age groups in the voting population, and explore different mechanisms through which early exposure to en- tertainment content may have influenced their political attitudes. Keywords: television, entertainment, voting, political participa- tion, Italy. JEL codes: L82, D72, Z13 ∗We thank Alberto Alesina, Antonio Ciccone, Filipe Campante, Ruben Enikolopov, Greg Huber, Brian Knight, Valentino Larcinese, Marco Manacorda, Torsten Persson, Barbara Petrongolo, Andrei Shleifer, Francesco Sobbrio, Joachim Voth, David Weil, Katia Zhuravskaya, and seminar participants at Bocconi, CREI, NYU, MIT, Sciences Po, Brown, Dartmouth, Sorbonne, WZB, Surrey, Queen Mary, Yale, EIEF, LSE, Namur, and participants at the 2013 AEA Meeting, the 2013 EUI Conference on Communica- tions and Media Markets, and the Lisbon Meeting on Institutions and Political Economy for helpful comments. -
E42 Mark Blyth & David Kertzer Mixdown
Brown University Watson Institute | E42_Mark Blyth & David Kertzer_mixdown [MUSIC PLAYING] MARK BLYTH: Hello, and welcome to a special edition of Trending Globally. My name is Mark Blyth. Today, I'm interviewing David Kertzer. David is the former provost here at Brown University. But perhaps more importantly, he knows more about Italy than practically anybody else we can find. Given that the elections have just happened in Italy and produced yet another kind of populist shock, we thought is was a good idea to bring him in and have a chat. Good afternoon, David. DAVID KERTZER: Thanks for having me, Mark. MARK BLYTH: OK, so let's try and put this in context for people. Italy's kicked off. Now, we could talk about what's happening right now today, but to try and get some context on this, I want to take us back a little bit. This is not the first time the Italian political system-- indeed the whole Italian state-- has kind of blown up. I want to go back to 1994. That's the last time things really disintegrated. Start there, and then walk forward, so then we can talk more meaningfully about the election. So I'm going to invite you to just take us back to 1994. Tell us about what was going on-- the post-war political compact, and then [BLOWS RASPBERRY] the whole thing fell apart. DAVID KERTZER: Well, right after World War II, of course, it was a new political system-- the end of the monarchy. There is a republic. The Christian Democratic Party, very closely allied with the Catholic Church, basically dominated Italian politics for decades. -
EPP MEMBER PARTIES : Ordinary, Associate, Observer and Partners Status : 19 March 2021
EPP MEMBER PARTIES : Ordinary, Associate, Observer and Partners Status : 19 March 2021 COUNTRY FULL NAME ABBR. ADDRESS ZIP CODE CITY PRESIDENT TYPE 1 Austria Die neue Volkspartei ÖVP - AT Lichtenfelsgasse 7 1010 Wien KURZ Sebastian Ordinary Member Party 2 Belgium Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams CD&V - BE Wetstraat 89 1040 Brussel COENS Joachim Ordinary Member Party 3 Belgium Centre Démocrate Humaniste CDH - BE Rue du Commerce 123 1000 Bruxelles PREVOT Maxime Ordinary Member Party 4 Bulgaria Bulgaria of the Citizens Movement BCM - BG 7 Georgi Benkovski 1000 Sofia DELCHEV Dimitar Ordinary Member Party 5 Bulgaria Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria DSB - BG 18 Vitosha Blvd 1000 Sofia ATANASOV Atanas Ordinary Member Party 6 Bulgaria GERB - Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria GERB - BG Pl.Bulgaria1, NDK Administrativna sgrada, et.17 1000 Sofia BORISSOV Boyko Ordinary Member Party 7 Bulgaria Union of Democratic Forces UDF - BG 134 Rakovski Street 1000 Sofia HRISTOV Rumen Ordinary Member Party 8 Croatia Croatian Democratic Union HDZ - HR Trg zrtava fasizma 4 10 000 Zagreb PLENKOVIC Andrej Ordinary Member Party 9 Cyprus Democratic Rally of Cyprus DR - CY Pindarou 25 P.O. Box 25305 1308 Nicosia NEOFYTOU Averof Ordinary Member Party 10 Czech Republic The Christian and Democratic Union-Czech People's Party KDU-CSL - CZ Palac Charitas, Karlovo namesti 5 12800 Prague 2 JURECKA Marian Ordinary Member Party 11 Czech Republic TOP09 TOP09 - CZ Opletalova 1603/57 11000 Prague 1 ADAMOVA Marketa Ordinary Member Party 12 Denmark Det Konservative Folkeparti DKF - DK Christiansborg 1240 Copenhagen K PAPE POULSEN Soren Ordinary Member Party 13 Denmark Kristendemokraterne KD - DK Vermlandsgade 51 2300 Copenhagen ARENDT Isabella Ordinary Member Party 14 Estonia Pro Patria - Isamaa Isamaa - EE Paldiski mnt 13 10137 Tallinn SEEDER Helir-Valdor Ordinary Member Party 15 Finland Kansallinen Kokoomus KK - FI Kansakoulukuja 3 A 00100 Helsinki ORPO Petteri Ordinary Member Party 16 Finland Suomen Kristillisdemokraatit SK(KD) - FI Karjalankatu 2 C 7krs. -
How Political Parties, Rather Than Member-States, Are Building the European Union
How Political Parties, Rather than Member-States, Are Building the European Union Josep M. Colomer Higher Council of Scientific Research (CSIC) and Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Abstract Political party formation and coalition building in the European Parliament is being a driving force for making governance of the highly pluralistic European Union relatively effective and consensual. In spite of successive enlargements and the very high number of electoral parties obtaining representation in the European Union institutions, the number of effective European Political Groups in the European Parliament has decreased from the first direct election in 1979 to the fifth in 1999. The formal analysis of national party¹s voting power in different European party configurations can explain the incentives for national parties to join large European Political Groups instead of forming smaller nationalistic groupings. Empirical evidence shows increasing cohesion of European Political Groups and an increasing role of the European Parliament in EU inter-institutional decision making. As a consequence of this evolution, intergovernmentalism is being replaced with federalizing relations. The analysis can support positive expectations regarding the governability of the European Union after further enlargements provided that new member states have party systems fitting the European Political Groups. JEL: C71, D72. H77 Keywords: Political parties, Coalitions, Power indices, Political institutions, European Union. Address: Prof. Josep M. Colomer. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Economics. Ramon Trias Fargas 25. Barcelona 08005 Spain. e-mail: [email protected] 1. Introduction The evolution of the European Community (EC) and the European Union (EU) demonstrates that not only formal institutions, but also organizations, such as political parties, can play an aggregating role, rendering institutional decision-making feasible in a pluralistic community. -
European Policy Briefs Produced by the Federal Trust
TTHEHE FEDERALFEDERAL TRUSTTRUST TTHEHE FEDERALFEDERALfor education TRUSTTRUST & research enlightening the debate on good governance EuropeanPolicyBrief Mar 2006 • Issue 25 • The Federal Trust, 7 Graphite Square, Vauxhall Walk, London SE11 5EE • www.fedtrust.co.uk To leave or not to leave? The Conservatives and the European People's Party in the European Parliament David Cameron, the new leader of the Conservative Party, has been accused by his critics of favouring style over substance, and yet on one issue his position has been very clear: he wants to see the Conservatives leave their current political group in the European Parliament (EP). This party group, known as the European People's Party-European Democrats (EPP-ED), is currently the largest in the EP, with 264 seats, of which British Conservatives hold 27.1 David Cameron believes that the views and aims of the group are fundamentally at odds with Conservative beliefs. In particular, he argues that the Conservatives do not share the EPP-ED's pro-integrationist ambitions. He has also claimed that on free trade and the transatlantic partnership the group does not have the same views as the Conservatives. An objective assessment of the choices facing the Conservatives shows that a decision to leave the EPP-ED will have mixed consequences. The legislative influence of the Party in the European Parliament would probably be reduced, while the organisational benefits are not entirely clear. In addition, the areas of disagreement with the EPP are not the matters the Parliament concerns itself with most. On the economic issues, which dominate the agenda of the European Parliament, the Conservatives are probably closest to the EPP out of all the existing party groups. -
An Uncertain Italy
Geographical Overview | EU’s Mediterranean Countries Panorama An Uncertain Italy Marc Lazar has submitted his resignation in the wake of this dis- Professor of History and Political Sociology at aster. In fact, the PD’s defeat is yet another example Sciences Po, Paris of the deep crisis of the entire continental European President, School of Government, Libera Università left. For its part, Silvio Berlusconi’s Forza Italia, with Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli (LUISS), 14% of the votes, has obtained its lowest election Rome results since it was founded in 1994. Il Cavaliere, at 81 years of age, no longer mobilizes anyone but his most diehard followers and no longer aggregates an The results of the 4 March 2018 Italian elections are arc of broader forces behind him ranging from the paradoxical. On the one hand, they clearly show extreme right to the centre. He has thus been great- Geographical Overview Mediterranean | EU’s Countries three winners and three losers. On the other hand, ly weakened by the results of this election. The ex- they have made Italy enter a stage of extreme politi- haustion of his party, which exists nearly exclusively cal uncertainty. for and by him, attests to a more generalized phe- The losers are, first and foremost, the two main po- nomenon, that of the difficulties of the European 192 litical parties that had been attempting to impose right, as can be seen, for instance, in France, Ger- their hegemony for years on their respective ends of many, Austria and Spain. In Italy, as elsewhere, the the political spectrum. -
Composition of Parliament
Composition of Parliament First legislature : 19791984 Incoming Parliament (Constituent) Political group Seats S 112 EPP 108 ED 63 COM 44 L 40 DEP 22 CDI 11 NI 10 Total 410 S : Socialist Group EPP : Group of the European People's Party (ChristianDemocratic Group) ED : European Democratic Group COM : Communist and Allies Group (SF, Ind. Sin.) L : Liberal and Democratic Group DEP : Group of European Progressive Democrats CDI : Group for the Technical Coordination and Defence of Indipendent Groups and Members NI : Nonattached First legislature : 19791984 Outgoing Parliament Political group Seats S 124 EPP 117 ED 63 COM 48 L 38 DEP 22 CDI 12 NI 10 Total 434 S : Socialist Group EPP : Group of the European People's Party (ChristianDemocratic Group) ED : European Democratic Group COM : Communist and Allies Group (SF, Ind. Sin.) L : Liberal and Democratic Group DEP : Group of European Progressive Democrats CDI : Group for the Technical Coordination and Defence of Indipendent Groups and Members NI : Nonattached Second legistature : 1984 1989 Incoming Parliament (Constituent) Political group Seats S 130 EPP 110 ED 50 COM 41 L 31 RDE 29 ARC 20 DR 16 NI 7 Total 434 S : Socialist Group EPP : Group of the European People's Party (ChristianDemocratic Group) ED : European Democratic Group COM : Communist and Allies Group (SF, Ind. Sin.) L : Liberal and Democratic Group RDE : Group of the European Democratic Alliance ARC : Rainbow Group: Federation of the Green Alternative European Links, AgelevEcolo, the Danish People's Movement against Membership of the European Community and the European Free Alliance in the European Parliament DR : Group of the European Right NI : Nonattached Second legistature : 1984 1989 Outgoing Parliament Political group Seats PES 166 EPP 113 ED 66 COM 48 LDR 45 RDE 30 ARC 20 DR 16 NI 14 Total 518 PES : Group of the Party of European Socialists EPP : Group of the European People's Party (ChristianDemocratic Group) ED : European Democratic Group COM : Communist and Allies Group (SF, Ind. -
50 YEARS of EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HISTORY and Subjugated
European Parliament – 50th birthday QA-70-07-089-EN-C series 1958–2008 Th ere is hardly a political system in the modern world that does not have a parliamentary assembly in its institutional ‘toolkit’. Even autocratic or totalitarian BUILDING PARLIAMENT: systems have found a way of creating the illusion of popular expression, albeit tamed 50 YEARS OF EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HISTORY and subjugated. Th e parliamentary institution is not in itself a suffi cient condition for granting a democratic licence. Yet the existence of a parliament is a necessary condition of what 1958–2008 we have defi ned since the English, American and French Revolutions as ‘democracy’. Since the start of European integration, the history of the European Parliament has fallen between these two extremes. Europe was not initially created with democracy in mind. Yet Europe today is realistic only if it espouses the canons of democracy. In other words, political realism in our era means building a new utopia, that of a supranational or post-national democracy, while for two centuries the DNA of democracy has been its realisation within the nation-state. Yves Mény President of the European University Institute, Florence BUILDING PARLIAMENT: BUILDING 50 YEARS OF EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HISTORY PARLIAMENT EUROPEAN OF YEARS 50 ISBN 978-92-823-2368-7 European Parliament – 50th birthday series Price in Luxembourg (excluding VAT): EUR 25 BUILDING PARLIAMENT: 50 YEARS OF EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HISTORY 1958–2008 This work was produced by the European University Institute, Florence, under the direction of Yves Mény, for the European Parliament. Contributors: Introduction, Jean-Marie Palayret; Part One, Luciano Bardi, Nabli Beligh, Cristina Sio Lopez and Olivier Costa (coordinator); Part Two, Pierre Roca, Ann Rasmussen and Paolo Ponzano (coordinator); Part Three, Florence Benoît-Rohmer; Conclusions, Yves Mény. -
European Parliament Presented at REHVA Supporters Seminar Feb 12, 2009 by Ms Sirpa Pietikäinen MEP
European Parliament presented at REHVA supporters seminar Feb 12, 2009 by Ms Sirpa Pietikäinen MEP www.EPP-ED.eu 2009 Visits and Seminars Unit DG Communication EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ©2009 European Parliament, Visits and Seminars Unit European Union EU 27 (2007) Candidate countries ©2009 European Parliament, Visits and Seminars Unit EU Institutions The European Parliament The Council of the EU ¾Ministers of 27 Member States ¾785 Members of the Parliament (MEP) ¾EU legislative power (shared with EP) ¾EU legislative power (shared with Council) ¾EU budgetary power (shared with EP) ¾EU budgetary power (shared with Council) ¾foreign policy decisions ¾parliamentary control of other institutions ¾agricultural policy decisions ¾President Mr Hans-Gert Pöttering ¾rotating presidency The European Commission ¾27 Commissioners ¾control of planning and implementation ¾presents legislative initiatives ¾President Mr Jose Manuel Durao Barroso ©2009 European Parliament, Visits and Seminars Unit The Presidencies of EU Institutions The President The President of the European Parliament of the European Commission Mr Hans-Gert Pöttering Mr Jose Manuel Durao Barroso The Presidency of the Council of the European Union France Sweden July - December 2008 July - December 2009 Czech Republic January - June 2009 ©2009 European Parliament, Visits and Seminars Unit European Parliament Parliament’s powers Legislative power Parliamentary control Most EU laws are adopted Parliament supervises other jointly by the European EU institutions and can pass Parliament and the Council -
Codebook: Government Composition, 1960-2019
Codebook: Government Composition, 1960-2019 Codebook: SUPPLEMENT TO THE COMPARATIVE POLITICAL DATA SET – GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION 1960-2019 Klaus Armingeon, Sarah Engler and Lucas Leemann The Supplement to the Comparative Political Data Set provides detailed information on party composition, reshuffles, duration, reason for termination and on the type of government for 36 democratic OECD and/or EU-member countries. The data begins in 1959 for the 23 countries formerly included in the CPDS I, respectively, in 1966 for Malta, in 1976 for Cyprus, in 1990 for Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, in 1991 for Poland, in 1992 for Estonia and Lithuania, in 1993 for Latvia and Slovenia and in 2000 for Croatia. In order to obtain information on both the change of ideological composition and the following gap between the new an old cabinet, the supplement contains alternative data for the year 1959. The government variables in the main Comparative Political Data Set are based upon the data presented in this supplement. When using data from this data set, please quote both the data set and, where appropriate, the original source. Please quote this data set as: Klaus Armingeon, Sarah Engler and Lucas Leemann. 2021. Supplement to the Comparative Political Data Set – Government Composition 1960-2019. Zurich: Institute of Political Science, University of Zurich. These (former) assistants have made major contributions to the dataset, without which CPDS would not exist. In chronological and descending order: Angela Odermatt, Virginia Wenger, Fiona Wiedemeier, Christian Isler, Laura Knöpfel, Sarah Engler, David Weisstanner, Panajotis Potolidis, Marlène Gerber, Philipp Leimgruber, Michelle Beyeler, and Sarah Menegal.