DOCSLIB.ORG

USO DE HABITAT DE Rana Catesbeiana EN EL MUNICIPIO

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
USO DE HABITAT DE Rana Catesbeiana EN EL MUNICIPIO USO DE HABITAT DE Rana catesbeiana EN EL MUNICIPIO DE PEREIRA, RISARALDA DIANA STELLA ARDILA VARGAS Andrés Rymel Acosta Galvis Director TRABAJO DE GRADO Presentado como requisito parcial Para optar al título de Bióloga PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS CARRERA DE BIOLOGÍA Bogotá, D. C. 1 NOTA DE ADVERTENCIA Artículo 23 de la Resolución Nº 13 de Julio de 1946 “La Universidad no se hace responsable por los conceptos emitidos por sus alumnos en sus trabajos de tesis. Solo velará por que no se publique nada contrario al dogma y a la moral católica y por que las tesis no contengan ataques personales contra persona alguna, antes bien se vea en ellas el anhelo de buscar la verdad y la justicia”. 2 USO DE HABITAT DE Rana catesbeiana EN EL MUNICIPIO DE PEREIRA, RISARALDA DIANA STELLA ARDILA VARGAS APROBADO _________________________ Andrés Acosta Galvis, Biólogo Director _________________________ _________________________ Angélica Pérez, Ecóloga Juan Ricardo Gómez, Biólogo Jurado Jurado 3 USO DE HABITAT DE Rana catesbeiana EN EL MUNICIPIO DE PEREIRA, RISARALDA DIANA STELLA ARDILA VARGAS APROBADO ____________________________ ____________________________ Angela Umaña, M. Phil. Bióloga Luz Mercedes Santamaría, Bióloga Decana Académica Directora de Carrera 4 Quiero dedicar este trabajo a mis padres, a quienes amo inmensamente y agradezco su amor y su esfuerzo durante toda la carrera. A Diego y Amparo por compartir conmigo este tiempo de sueños, cansancios y alegrías. A mis amigos, en especial a Yohanna, Monica, Adriana, Johanna, Ana Carolina, Ronald y Alejandro, porque juntos caminamos desde el principio y hoy estamos aquí culminando el camino que empezó hace cinco años. Gracias por construir juntos tantos sueños durante estos años que han sido los más especiales de mi vida. Los adoro y les deseo la mejor de las suertes. 5 Estoy inmensamente agradecida con el profesor Andrés Rymel Acosta por su dirección en este trabajo de grado y con todas aquellas personas que de una u otra forma colaboraron para que este trabajo pudiera llevarse a cabo; entre ellos doy especiales gracias al Profesor John Mario Rodríguez de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira por realizar los contactos pertinentes para el trabajo en campo, al Profesor Germán Jiménez por su colaboración incondicional en aspectos logísticos, comentarios y propuestas; al Profesor Miguel Pinzón por su asesoría estadística, a Camilo Cadena por la colaboración en la determinación de las especies vegetales y a Henry Morales por su colaboración en campo. 6 TABLA DE CONTENIDOS RESUMEN ................................................................................................................16 ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................17 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................18 2. MARCO TEÓRICO...............................................................................................20 2.1 Conceptos relacionados.................................................................................20 2.2 Métodos y técnicas en la medición de uso de hábitat ...................................21 2.3 Uso de hábitat en anfibios..............................................................................23 2.4 Historia natural de Rana catesbeiana ............................................................26 2.5 Aspectos del hábitat de Rana catesbeiana ....................................................28 3. FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA Y JUSTIFICACIÓN. .....................................31 3.1 Formulación del problema. .............................................................................31 3.2 Preguntas de investigación. ...........................................................................31 3.3 Justificación....................................................................................................32 4. OBJETIVOS E HIPÓTESIS..................................................................................32 4.2 Objetivos específicos......................................................................................33 4.3 Hipótesis.........................................................................................................33 5. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS .................................................................................33 5.1 Diseño de la investigación..............................................................................33 5.1.1 Población de estudio y muestra. .............................................................34 5.1.2 Variables del estudio. ..............................................................................34 5.2 Métodos..........................................................................................................35 5.3 Recolección de la información........................................................................43 5.4 Análisis de la información...............................................................................43 6. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN............................................................................46 6.1 Resultados......................................................................................................46 6.1.1 Descripción de los lugares de muestreo .................................................46 6.1.2 Variables microambientales: ...................................................................53 6.1.3 Comparación de abundancias................................................................58 6.1.4 Uso y preferencia de hábitats..................................................................63 6.1.5 Relación densidades y variables microambientales................................64 6.2 Discusión........................................................................................................90 7 6.2.1 Caracterización de los lugares de muestreo ..........................................90 6.2.2 Densidades de R. catesbeiana y características microambientales ........93 6.2.3 Uso de hábitats......................................................................................102 6.2.4 Consideraciones finales. .......................................................................114 7. CONCLUSIONES...............................................................................................117 8. RECOMENDACIONES ......................................................................................118 9. LITERATURA CITADA.......................................................................................122 10. ANEXOS ..........................................................................................................129 8 ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Pag. Tabla 1. Relación de Longitudes Rostro Cloacales y características principales de las categorías de ejemplares de Rana catesbeiana encontradas en campo. ……...59 Tabla 2. Número de individuos promedio encontrado en los cinco sitios de muestreo. ………………………………………………………………………………….61 Tabla 3A. Prueba de Chi cuadrado con intervalos de confianza de Bonferroni para el promedio de la población muestreada en las tres lagunas. ……………………... 64 Tabla 3B. Prueba de Chi cuadrado con intervalos de confianza de Bonferroni para el promedio de adultos muestreados en las tres lagunas. ………………………….64 Tabla 3C. Prueba de Chi cuadrado con intervalos de confianza de Bonferroni para el promedio de la población muestreada en las dos quebradas …………………… 64 9 ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Pag Figura 1. Mapa de la zona de estudio y su ubicación en el departamento de Risaralda. …………………………………………………………………………………37 Figura 2A. Vista general de la laguna uno. ………………………………………… 46 Figura 2B. Detalle de la laguna uno…………………………………………………. 47 Figura 3A. Vista general de la laguna dos. ……………………………………………48 Figura 3B. Detalle de la laguna dos……………………………………………………48 Figura 4A. Vista general de la laguna tres... ………………………………………….49 Figura 4B. Detalle de la ocupación de pasto en el cuerpo de agua de la laguna tres... ………………………………………………….……………………………………50 Figura 5. Detalle de la quebrada uno.………………………………………………….51 Figura 6A. Imagen de la quebrada dos. ……………………………………………….52 Figura 6B. Detalle de la quebrada dos. ……………………………………………….53 Figura 7. Profundidad promedio del agua en las tres lagunas estudiadas. …………………………………………………………………………………….…………54 Figura 8. Altura promedio del pasto en las tres lagunas de estudio. ………………55 Figura 9. Profundidad promedio del agua en las dos quebradas estudiadas…….. 56 10 Figura 10. Profundidad promedio de la hojarasca en las dos quebradas estudiadas. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….57 Figura 11. Porcentaje de cobertura promedio del dosel en las dos quebradas de estudio. …………………………………………………………………………………… 58 Figura 12. Abundancia promedio de individuos de Rana catesbeiana en las tres lagunas de estudio. ...…………………………………………………………………….60 Figura 13. Abundancia promedio de adultos de Rana catesbeiana en las tres lagunas de estudio. ……………………………………………………………………….61 Figura 14. Abundancia promedio de individuos de Rana catesbeiana en las dos quebradas de estudio. …………………………………………………………………… 62 Figura 15. Abundancia promedio de jóvenes de Rana catesbeiana en las dos quebradas estudiadas. ………………………………………………………………… 63 Figura 16. Gráfico de la dispersión xy para las variables con R2 significativo en la laguna 1. ………………………………………………………………………………. 66 Figura 17. Gráfico de la dispersión xy para las variables con R2 significativo para los adultos en la laguna 1. ………………………………………………………………
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca
    Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca John F. Lamoreux, Meghan W. McKnight, and Rodolfo Cabrera Hernandez Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 53 Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca John F. Lamoreux, Meghan W. McKnight, and Rodolfo Cabrera Hernandez Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 53 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organizations. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2015 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Lamoreux, J. F., McKnight, M. W., and R. Cabrera Hernandez (2015). Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. xxiv + 320pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1717-3 DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.CH.2015.SSC-OP.53.en Cover photographs: Totontepec landscape; new Plectrohyla species, Ixalotriton niger, Concepción Pápalo, Thorius minutissimus, Craugastor pozo (panels, left to right) Back cover photograph: Collecting in Chamula, Chiapas Photo credits: The cover photographs were taken by the authors under grant agreements with the two main project funders: NGS and CEPF.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-National Conservation of Alligator Lizards
    MULTI-NATIONAL CONSERVATION OF ALLIGATOR LIZARDS: APPLIED SOCIOECOLOGICAL LESSONS FROM A FLAGSHIP GROUP by ADAM G. CLAUSE (Under the Direction of John Maerz) ABSTRACT The Anthropocene is defined by unprecedented human influence on the biosphere. Integrative conservation recognizes this inextricable coupling of human and natural systems, and mobilizes multiple epistemologies to seek equitable, enduring solutions to complex socioecological issues. Although a central motivation of global conservation practice is to protect at-risk species, such organisms may be the subject of competing social perspectives that can impede robust interventions. Furthermore, imperiled species are often chronically understudied, which prevents the immediate application of data-driven quantitative modeling approaches in conservation decision making. Instead, real-world management goals are regularly prioritized on the basis of expert opinion. Here, I explore how an organismal natural history perspective, when grounded in a critique of established human judgements, can help resolve socioecological conflicts and contextualize perceived threats related to threatened species conservation and policy development. To achieve this, I leverage a multi-national system anchored by a diverse, enigmatic, and often endangered New World clade: alligator lizards. Using a threat analysis and status assessment, I show that one recent petition to list a California alligator lizard, Elgaria panamintina, under the US Endangered Species Act often contradicts the best available science.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Osteology and Evolution of the Lungless Salamanders, Family Plethodontidae David B
    COMPARATIVE OSTEOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF THE LUNGLESS SALAMANDERS, FAMILY PLETHODONTIDAE DAVID B. WAKE1 ABSTRACT: Lungless salamanders of the family Plethodontidae comprise the largest and most diverse group of tailed amphibians. An evolutionary morphological approach has been employed to elucidate evolutionary rela­ tionships, patterns and trends within the family. Comparative osteology has been emphasized and skeletons of all twenty-three genera and three-fourths of the one hundred eighty-three species have been studied. A detailed osteological analysis includes consideration of the evolution of each element as well as the functional unit of which it is a part. Functional and developmental aspects are stressed. A new classification is suggested, based on osteological and other char­ acters. The subfamily Desmognathinae includes the genera Desmognathus, Leurognathus, and Phaeognathus. Members of the subfamily Plethodontinae are placed in three tribes. The tribe Hemidactyliini includes the genera Gyri­ nophilus, Pseudotriton, Stereochilus, Eurycea, Typhlomolge, and Hemidac­ tylium. The genera Plethodon, Aneides, and Ensatina comprise the tribe Pleth­ odontini. The highly diversified tribe Bolitoglossini includes three super­ genera. The supergenera Hydromantes and Batrachoseps include the nominal genera only. The supergenus Bolitoglossa includes Bolitoglossa, Oedipina, Pseudoeurycea, Chiropterotriton, Parvimolge, Lineatriton, and Thorius. Manculus is considered to be congeneric with Eurycea, and Magnadig­ ita is congeneric with Bolitoglossa. Two species are assigned to Typhlomolge, which is recognized as a genus distinct from Eurycea. No. new information is available concerning Haptoglossa. Recognition of a family Desmognathidae is rejected. All genera are defined and suprageneric groupings are defined and char­ acterized. Range maps are presented for all genera. Relationships of all genera are discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudoeurycea Naucampatepetl. the Cofre De Perote Salamander Is Endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of Eastern Mexico. This
    Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl. The Cofre de Perote salamander is endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico. This relatively large salamander (reported to attain a total length of 150 mm) is recorded only from, “a narrow ridge extending east from Cofre de Perote and terminating [on] a small peak (Cerro Volcancillo) at the type locality,” in central Veracruz, at elevations from 2,500 to 3,000 m (Amphibian Species of the World website). Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl has been assigned to the P. bellii complex of the P. bellii group (Raffaëlli 2007) and is considered most closely related to P. gigantea, a species endemic to the La specimens and has not been seen for 20 years, despite thorough surveys in 2003 and 2004 (EDGE; www.edgeofexistence.org), and thus it might be extinct. The habitat at the type locality (pine-oak forest with abundant bunch grass) lies within Lower Montane Wet Forest (Wilson and Johnson 2010; IUCN Red List website [accessed 21 April 2013]). The known specimens were “found beneath the surface of roadside banks” (www.edgeofexistence.org) along the road to Las Lajas Microwave Station, 15 kilometers (by road) south of Highway 140 from Las Vigas, Veracruz (Amphibian Species of the World website). This species is terrestrial and presumed to reproduce by direct development. Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl is placed as number 89 in the top 100 Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered amphib- ians (EDGE; www.edgeofexistence.org). We calculated this animal’s EVS as 17, which is in the middle of the high vulnerability category (see text for explanation), and its IUCN status has been assessed as Critically Endangered.
    [Show full text]
  • Protected Natural Areas and the Conservation of Amphibians in a Highly Transformed Mountainous Region in Mexico
    Herpetological Conservation and Biology 11(1):19–28. Submitted: 12 February 2015; Accepted: 24 November 2015; Published: 30 April 2016. PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS AND THE CONSERVATION OF AMPHIBIANS IN A HIGHLY TRANSFORMED MOUNTAINOUS REGION IN MEXICO 1 2 2,3 MARÍA CHANEL JUÁREZ-RAMÍREZ , JOSÉ L. AGUILAR-LÓPEZ , AND EDUARDO PINEDA 1Laboratorio de Herpetología, Escuela de Biología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla 72570, Puebla, México 2Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, México 3Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]. Abstract.—Protected natural areas (PNAs) help protect biological diversity in the face of different threats. The efficacy of each PNA at protecting and maintaining varies as a function of the current characteristics of each reserve, the environment in which it is located, and the taxonomic group to be protected. In this study we evaluated the role of three PNAs (two state-run, and one private) in the conservation of the amphibians in the mountains of central Veracruz, Mexico, a region of high species diversity and turnover. During field work carried out from July to December 2012, we recorded 1262 amphibians belonging to 15 species (10 salamanders and five frogs), with 53% in a high risk conservation category. We found significant differences among the three PNAs in species richness, abundance, assemblage structure, and species composition. This is the first report of the presence of the endangered salamanders Pseudoeurycea gigantea, Thorius munificus, and Chiropterotriton lavae in a PNA. Each of the three reserves differs in its contribution to amphibian conservation in central Veracruz and, collectively, the three reserves function in a complementary manner to conserve the regional amphibian fauna, including endangered species, some of which are in imminent danger of extinction.
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting Conservation of Amphibians at El Pedregal in Mexico City, Mexico
    Conservation Leadership Programme: Final Report Project ID 02244015 Promoting Conservation of Amphibians at El Pedregal in Mexico City, Mexico. Mexico, August 2015–February 2016 Institutions involved: Centro de Educación Ambiental Ecoguardas (Secretaría de Medio Ambiente de la Ciudad de México), Centro de Educación Ambiental del Ajusco Medio (PRONATURA México A.C.) and Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel (UNAM) Overall aim: To generate baseline information about local amphibian species in urban areas of Mexico City. Authors: José M. Serrano, Gloria Tapia, Flor G. Vázquez-Corzas & Adriana Sandoval-Comte. Contact address: [email protected] Webpage: https://www.facebook.com/anfibiospedregal/ Date: May 30th 2017 1 Table of Contents Project Partners & Collaborators ........................................................................................................................ 4 Section 1: ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Project members ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Section
    [Show full text]
  • Crotalus Tancitarensis. the Tancítaro Cross-Banded Mountain Rattlesnake
    Crotalus tancitarensis. The Tancítaro cross-banded mountain rattlesnake is a small species (maximum recorded total length = 434 mm) known only from the upper elevations (3,220–3,225 m) of Cerro Tancítaro, the highest mountain in Michoacán, Mexico, where it inhabits pine-fir forest (Alvarado and Campbell 2004; Alvarado et al. 2007). Cerro Tancítaro lies in the western portion of the Transverse Volcanic Axis, which extends across Mexico from Jalisco to central Veracruz near the 20°N latitude. Its entire range is located within Parque Nacional Pico de Tancítaro (Campbell 2007), an area under threat from manmade fires, logging, avocado culture, and cattle raising. This attractive rattlesnake was described in 2004 by the senior author and Jonathan A. Campbell, and placed in the Crotalus intermedius group of Mexican montane rattlesnakes by Bryson et al. (2011). We calculated its EVS as 19, which is near the upper end of the high vulnerability category (see text for explanation), its IUCN status has been reported as Data Deficient (Campbell 2007), and this species is not listed by SEMARNAT. More information on the natural history and distribution of this species is available, however, which affects its conservation status (especially its IUCN status; Alvarado-Díaz et al. 2007). We consider C. tancitarensis one of the pre-eminent flagship reptile species for the state of Michoacán, and for Mexico in general. Photo by Javier Alvarado-Díaz. Amphib. Reptile Conserv. | http://amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 128 September 2013 | Volume 7 | Number 1 | e71 Copyright: © 2013 Alvarado-Díaz et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License, which permits unrestricted use for Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 7(1): 128–170.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsatellite Markers for Pseudoeurycea Leprosa, a Plethodontid Salamander Endemic to the Transmexican Neovolcanic Belt
    Conservation Genet Resour (2009) 1:5–7 DOI 10.1007/s12686-009-9001-3 TECHNICAL NOTE Microsatellite markers for Pseudoeurycea leprosa, a plethodontid salamander endemic to the Transmexican Neovolcanic Belt G. Velo-Anto´n Æ J. C. Windfield Æ K. Zamudio Æ G. Parra-Olea Received: 2 April 2009 / Accepted: 7 April 2009 / Published online: 9 May 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract We isolated and characterized 11 polymorphic Amphibian species are declining worldwide (Stuart et al. microsatellite markers for the plethodontid salamander 2004) and one of the primary causes is the continued Pseudoeurycea leprosa to obtain population genetic data anthropogenic habitat modification (Dodd and Smith necessary for the proper management of this threatened 2003). Especially affected are species that are habitat species endemic to Central Me´xico. We tested polymor- specialists and thus more vulnerable to habitat loss and phism of these loci among 50 individuals from two popu- discontinuity. Recently, surveys of historical populations lations (Texcalyacac and Calpan) in the states of Me´xico showed that densities of plethodontid salamanders in and Puebla, across the Transmexican Neovolcanic Belt. Central America and Me´xico have also declined (Rovito The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 33 et al. 2009). Pseudoeurycea leprosa is endemic to pine and (mean; Na = 14.5). Observed and expected heterozygosi- pine-oak forests at high elevations (2,500–3,200 m asl.) ties ranged from 0.20 to 0.88 and 0.22 to 0.93, respectively. along the Transmexican Neovolcanic Belt (TNB). The We found deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium species is listed as ‘vulnerable’ by the World Conservation expectations for both populations at two loci (Plt028 and Union (IUCN 2008) due to decreasing population sizes.
    [Show full text]
  • Productos De La Investigación
    PRODUCTOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN Artículos en revistas indizadas (SCI) FI. Factor de impacto 1. Aguilar-Aguilar, R., G. Salgado-Maldonado, R. Contreras-Medina y A. Martínez-Aquino. 2008. Richness and endemism of helminth parasites of freshwater fishes in Mexico.Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 94(2): 435-444. FI 2.368 2. Aguilar-Setién, A., M. L. Romero-Almaraz, C. Sánchez-Hernández, R. Figueroa, L. P. Juárez-Palma, M. M. García-Flores, C. Vázquez-Salinas, M. Salas-Rojas, A. C. Hidalgo-Martínez, S. Aguilar-Pierlé, C. García-Estrada y C. Ramos. 2008. Dengue virus in Mexican bats. Epidemiology and Infection 136(12): 1678-1683. FI 1.9 3. Agustín-Jiménez, F., V. León-Règagnon y E. Pérez-Ramos. 2008. Two new species of Parapharyngodon (Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae) from the enigmatic Bipes canaliculatus and Bipes tridactylus (Squamata: Bipedidae). Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 79(2): 113S-120S. FI .327 4. Alvarado-Cárdenas, L. O. y A. García-Mendoza. 2008. Una especie nueva de Habranthus (Amaryllidaceae, Hippeastreae) para la Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Novon 18(3): 283-286. FI .155 5. Álvarez, F. y J. L. Villalobos. 2008. A new species of freshwater cave dwelling Speocirolana (Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Crustaceana 81(6): 653-662. FI .39 6. Arciniegas, A., A. L. Pérez-Castorena, J. Maldonado, G. Ávila, J. L. Villaseñor y A. Romo de Vivar. 2008. Chemical constituents of Roldana lineolata. Fitoterapia 79(1): 47-52. FI 1.106 7. Arias, S. y T. Terrazas. 2008. x Pachebergia (Cactaceae), a nothogenus from western Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 79(1): 23-28.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudoeurycea Robertsi[I]
    Natural history of the critically endangered salamander Pseudoeurycea robertsi. Armando Sunny Corresp., Equal first author, 1 , Carmen Caballero-Viñas 2 , Luis Duarte-deJesus 1 , Fabiola Ramírez-Corona 3 , Javier Manjarrez 4 , Giovanny González-Desales 1 , Xareni P. Pacheco 1 , Octavio Monroy-Vilchis 1 , Andrea González- Fernández Corresp. Equal first author, 4 1 Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México 2 Laboratorio de Sistemas Biosustentables, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México 3 Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México 4 Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México Corresponding Authors: Armando Sunny, Andrea González-Fernández Email address: [email protected], [email protected] Mexico is one of the most diverse countries that is losing a large amount of forest due to land use change, these data put Mexico in fourth place for global deforestation rate, therefore, Mexico occupies the first place in number of endangered species in the world with 665 endangered species. It is important to study amphibians because they are among the most threatened vertebrates on Earth and their populations are rapidly declining worldwide due primarily to the loss and degradation of their natural habitats. Pseudoeurycea robertsi is a micro-endemic and critically endangered Plethodontid salamander from the Nevado de Toluca Volcano and to date almost nothing is known about its natural history therefore, we survey fourteen sites of the Nevado de Toluca Volcano a mountain that is part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Coincident Mass Extirpation of Neotropical Amphibians with the Emergence of the Infectious Fungal Pathogen Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis
    Coincident mass extirpation of neotropical amphibians with the emergence of the infectious fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Tina L. Chenga, Sean M. Rovitob, David B. Wakeb,c,1, and Vance T. Vredenburga,b aDepartment of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132-1722; and bMuseum of Vertebrate Zoology and cDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160 Contributed by David B. Wake, April 8, 2011 (sent for review February 26, 2011) Amphibians highlight the global biodiversity crisis because ∼40% use noninvasive sampling and molecular techniques to detect Bd of all amphibian species are currently in decline. Species have dis- in formalin-preserved specimens to investigate the role of Bd in appeared even in protected habitats (e.g., the enigmatic extinction two well-studied cases of enigmatic amphibian decline in Mes- of the golden toad, Bufo periglenes, from Costa Rica). The emer- oamerica (i): the decline and disappearance of anurans from gence of a fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), Costa Rica’s Monteverde Reserve in the late 1980s (13, 14), and has been implicated in a number of declines that have occurred in (ii) the decline and disappearance of plethodontid salamanders the last decade, but few studies have been able to test retroac- from the mountains of southern Mexico and western Guatemala tively whether Bd emergence was linked to earlier declines and in the 1970s and 1980s (15). extinctions. We describe a noninvasive PCR sampling technique The sudden extinction of the golden toad (Bufo periglenes) and that detects Bd in formalin-preserved museum specimens. We de- harlequin frog (Atelopus varius) from Costa Rica’s Monteverde tected Bd by PCR in 83–90% (n = 38) of samples that were identi- Reserve in the late 1980s (13, 14) are among the earliest and fied as positive by histology.
    [Show full text]
  • ©Copyright 2012 Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya
    ©Copyright 2012 Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya Documenting and Contextualizing Pjiekakjoo (Tlahuica) Knowledges though a Collaborative Research Project Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2012 Reading Committee: Eugene Hunn, Chair Stevan Harrell Aaron J. Pollack Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology University of Washington Abstract Documenting and Contextualizing Pjiekakjoo Knowledge through a Collaborative Research Project Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya Chair of the Supervisory Committee Emeritus Professor Eugene Hunn University of Washington The Pjiekakjoo (Tlahuica) people and their culture have managed to adapt to the globalized world. They have developed a deep knowledge-practice-belief system (Traditional Environmental Knowledge (TEK) or Contemporary Indigenous Knowledges (CIK)) that is part of the biocultural diversity of the region in which they live. This dissertation describes the economic, social and political context of the Pjiekakjoo, to contextualize the Pjiekakjoo CIK, including information on their land tenure struggles, their fight against illegal logging and the policies governing the Zempoala Lagoons National Park that is part of their territory. The collaborative research on which this dissertation draws, based on a dialogue of knowledges and heavily influenced by the ideas of Paolo Freire, fully recognized Indigenous people as subjects. Through participant observation, interviews and workshops we documented the names, uses, myth, beliefs and stories that the Pjiekakjoo people give to an extensive variety of organisms: mushrooms, invertebrates, vertebrates and the most important useful plants. Basic knowledge about the milpa and corn was also documented. Through the analysis of the information gathered it is clear that the relation of the Pjiekakjoo with other living beings is far from solely utilitarian in nature.
    [Show full text]