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Return Migration of Second-Generation British Poles

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Return Migration of Second-Generation British Poles A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Górny, Agata; Osipoviéc, Dorota Working Paper Return migration of second-generation British poles CMR Working Papers, No. 6/64 Provided in Cooperation with: Centre of Migration Research (CMR), University of Warsaw Suggested Citation: Górny, Agata; Osipoviéc, Dorota (2006) : Return migration of second- generation British poles, CMR Working Papers, No. 6/64, University of Warsaw, Centre of Migration Research (CMR), Warsaw This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/140790 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Formerly ISS WORKING PAPERS, Seria: PRACE MIGRACYJNE Return migration of second- generation British Poles Agata Górny Dorota Osipovič March 2006 Centre of Migration Research Faculty of Economic Sciences Warsaw University Banacha 2B 02–097 Warsaw Poland Tel.: +48 22 659 74 11 Fax: +48 22 822 74 05 www.migracje.uw.edu.pl [email protected] Formerly ISS WORKING PAPERS, Seria: PRACE MIGRACYJNE Return migration of second-generation British Poles Agata Górny Dorota Osipovič March 2006 Contents List of tables……...……………………………………………………………………….. III Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………….. IV Summary……...…………………………………………………………………………... IV Streszczenie………………………………………………………………………………... V Agata Górny and Dorota Osipovič 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................ 1 Agata Górny and Dorota Osipovič 2. Empirical Data and Selected Definitions ........................................................................... 4 2.1. Empirical Data ................................................................................................................ 4 2.2. Selected Definitions ........................................................................................................ 6 Dorota Osipovič 3. Polishness of the second-generation British Poles............................................................. 9 3.1. Two Languages ............................................................................................................. 10 3.2. Two Cultures................................................................................................................. 13 3.3. Two Homelands ............................................................................................................ 16 3.4. Self-portraits of the second-generation British Poles.................................................... 20 3.5. Boundaries of the Group – “Us” and “Them” .............................................................. 23 SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 27 Dorota Osipovič 4. The Issue of Return in the Diaspora Press at the Beginning of the 1990s....................... 29 4.1. First Generation of Poles in Exile – a short historical account..................................... 29 4.2. “Is Poland really free yet?”- Launch of Discussion in the Diaspora Press ................... 32 4.3. Opinions on the Political Role of Polish Exiles after 1989........................................... 35 4.4. Poland – Descriptions of the Changing Situation and Accounts from Visits ............... 37 4.5. Impossibility of Return – Selected Arguments of the First Generation........................ 39 4.6. The Stance of the Second Generation ........................................................................... 40 SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 42 Agata Górny 5. Returnees – Factors of Remigration................................................................................. 44 5.1. Assumptions and Method of Analysis .......................................................................... 45 5.2. Setting a Macro-context – a Short Overview................................................................ 47 5.3. Motives of Remigration – Micro-level ........................................................................ 48 5.4. Family Factors and Social Capital – Meso-level .......................................................... 55 Table 5. Partnersa of second-generation British Poles by gender of respondents.................... 56 SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................64 Agata Górny 6. How Permanent? How Stable? Patterns and Prospects of Remigration .......................... 66 6.1. Time-Space Strategies of Returnees ............................................................................. 67 6.2. Success or Failure of Return? ....................................................................................... 75 6.3. Prospects for Remigration............................................................................................. 80 SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 84 March 2006 Dorota Osipovič 7. Poland in the Life Strategies of the Second Generation Polish Londoners ..................... 86 7.1. Staying Put – Motives for not Returning to Poland during the 1990s .......................... 86 7.2. Opinions about the Returnees ....................................................................................... 90 7.3. Prospects of Mobility – Destination Poland.................................................................. 91 7.4. Polish Community or Polish Communities?................................................................. 93 SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 97 Agata Górny and Dorota Osipovič 8. Conclusions...................................................................................................................... 98 Bibliography........................................................................................................................... 102 List of Tables Table 1. Respondents by year of birth ........................................................................................5 Table 2. Respondents by gender .................................................................................................5 Table 3. Returnees by year of return and date of interview........................................................5 Table 4. Selection of British and Polish cultural characteristics as perceived by respondents.14 Table 5. Partnersa of second-generation British Poles by gender of respondents.....................56 II Acknowledgements We are very grateful to our respondents both in Warsaw and in London for sharing their experiences and views, therefore enabling us an insight into their everyday lives. Also our thanks are due to the Institute of Public Affairs, Warsaw, for allowing us to incorporate some of the empirical material gathered during their research project on return migration to Poland. We are also grateful to Michał Garapich for his helpful comments on the late draft of this report. And last but not least, we would like to thank our sponsor – MB Grabowski Fund – for providing the funding to carry out this research and Professor George Kolankiewicz from the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, UCL for his kind support and advice throughout the project. III Return migration of second - generation British Poles Summary This paper demonstrates the findings of our qualitative research into the second-generation British Poles living in Warsaw and London that was carried out in 2002-03. As shown in our interviews, they perceive themselves as a distinct group partly due to a specific national identity consisting of a mix of Polish and British elements. We focus on the ‘return wave’ of the second- generation British Poles being a response to changes in Poland. In fact, only relatively small part of this group returned to Poland in the 1990s and 2000s and ‘returns for good’ were exceptions rather than the rule. Then, remigration of the second-generation British Poles remains closer to transmigration than to repatriation or settlement migration. Moreover, on the collective level of the Polish émigré community, as we uncovered in the diaspora press analysis, the dream of return to the sovereign Poland underwent a reality check, being
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