Art & Culture November 15, 2020 3 This Day in History ’s ‘Fireworks Wednesday’ (November 15)

Today is Sunday; 25th of the Iranian month of Aban 1399 solar hijri; corresponding to 29th of the Islamic month of Rabi al-Awwal 1442 lunar hijri; and November 15, 2020, Crowned Best at U.S. Festival of the Christian Gregorian Calendar. 1455 solar years ago, on this day in 565 AD, Justin II succeeded his maternal uncle TEHRAN (IFILM) -- Iranian short film ‘Fire- Justinian I as emperor of the Byzantine Empire, and ruled for eleven years till 574 during which he was embroiled in a devastating war with the Sassanid Empire of Iran works Wednesday’ has garnered the Best Foreign in Syria and what is now Turkey. Short award at the ninth edition of the Victoria TX 858 lunar years ago, on this day in 584 AH, the Iranian scholar Taj od-Din Mohammad Independent Film Festival in the U.S. bin Abdur-Rahman Khorasani, passed away in Damascus. He was an authority on Directed by Reza Mouri, the short film narrates Hadith and Arabic lexicography. Among his works is a commentary on the famous the story of some teenage boys in conflict. One of literary masterpiece “Maqamat Hariri”. the teenagers threatens to burn his friend’s house 760 lunar years ago, on this day in 682 AH, the Spanish Muslim scientist, Mohammad and faces challenges to prevent the incident. Mohi od-Din Maghrebi, passed away. “Shakl al-Qate’” and “Tahrir Usool Oqlidas The cast of the short film includes Amirreza fi’l-Ashkaal al-Hindesa” can be mentioned as his prominent works. Faramarzi, Younes Molaee, Anahita Salehian, 740 solar years ago, on this day in 1280 AD, German chemist and philosopher, Saint Sogol Abbasi and Shokoufeh Taqi-Rahdar. Albertus Magnus, died. He succeeded in whitening copper with the use of arsenic, after studying the Latin translation of Arabic books, especially those written by the According to Victoria TX official website “it is Muslim scientists of Islamic Spain. as much about the magic that happens when art- 623 solar years ago, on this day in 1397 AD, Taj od-Din Firouz Shah, grandson of Ala ists of all kinds bond, influence one another and od-Din Bahman Shah (founder of the Bahmani kingdom of Iranian origin) ascended share community as it is about film. Each year the throne of Gulbarga in the Deccan (southern ), after removing the puppet boy- visiting filmmakers not only screened their own king Shams od-Din and his Turkic regent, Taghalchin, who five months earlier had films, they collaborated on new films, have start- blinded Ghiyas od-Din Shah Tahmatan and seized the throne. Firouz Shah, the greatest ed their own festivals or returned to Victoria to ruler of the dynasty, reigned for 25 years. The Bahmanis patronized and promoted shoot their next film!” Persian language and poetry, as well as Iranian art, culture, and architecture by inviting The festival was held online from October 22 to from Iran thousands of qualified persons in various fields. The famous Iranian poet A still from Iranian short film ‘Fireworks Wednesday’ . Hafez Shirazi was also invited, but changed his mind midway through the journey, November 1, 2020. sending an excellent piece of poetry to the Bahmani court. The famous Gnostic of Kerman, Shah Ne’matollah Wali, was also requested to come to the Deccan, but sent his grandson – and later son – who preached the teachings of the Ahl al-Bayt in the Tehran, Rome to Enhance Cultural Ties Bahmani kingdom. 390 solar years ago, on this day in 1630 AD, German astronomer, Johannes Kepler, TEHRAN (MNA) – - along with human meanings died at the age of 59. ic Republic of Iran and Italy and epistemology. 151 solar years ago, on this day in 1869 AD, Russian orientalist, Vasily Vladimirovich poised to broadening and en- Turning to the longstanding Bartold also known as Wilhelm Barthold, was born in Saint Petersburg. His works hancing artistic-cultural rela- and age-old cultural and artis- include: “Ulugh-Beg”, “Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion”, “Mussalman tions after the coronavirus pan- tic ties between Iran and Italy Culture”, “A Short History of Turkestan”, and “An Historical Geography of Iran”. demic. and effect of these relations 136 solar years ago, on this day in 1884 AD, the Berlin Conference started for division of Africa and plunder of its rich natural resources by European powers Cultural Attaché of Italian in strengthening friendship and continued until February 26 of the following year, attended by representatives Embassy in the Islamic Re- between the two countries of of France, Britain, Russia, Belgium, Portugal, Austria, and Germany. Based on its public of Iran said, “We are Iran and Italy, she said, “We decisions, each European state, which wanted to annex a part of Africa’s soil, should trying to form a new round of are trying to form a new form announce its intention to other colonial powers. Despite the decisions made, the feud artistic and cultural coopera- of artistic-cultural cooperation between European states over expansion of influence in Africa was not settled. tion between the two countries between the two countries af- 131 solar years ago, on this day in 1889 AD, Brazil was declared a republic by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca as Emperor Pedro II was deposed in a military coup. of Iran and Italy after the coro- ter the coronavirus global pan- 111 lunar years ago, on this day in 1331 AH, the prominent poet and calligrapher Mir navirus global pandemic in co- demic.” Seyyed Mohammad Baqa’ passed away at the age of 74. He was known as “Ashraf operation with active cultural Ebadreza Eslami Koulaei al-Kuttab” for calligraphy skills, and has left behind a divan of Persian poetry. and artistic complexes such as Adviser to the Deputy Min- 107 solar years ago, on this day in 1913 AD, Sattar Khan, one of the leading activists Niavaran Cultural Complex.” and Cultural and Press Attaché She seized this opportunity istry of Cultural and Islamic of Iran’s Constitutional Movement, who earned the title “Sardar-e Melli” (National Speaking in his visit to Nia- of Italian Embassy to Tehran to express his thanks to the Guidance for Artistic Affairs Commander), passed away. During his youth, he was forced to leave his hometown, said, “We welcome the coop- managers of Niavaran Cultur- Tabriz, northwestern Iran, due to harassment by agents of the despotic Qajarid regime. varan Cultural Complex and and Chief of Niavaran Cultur- On the start of the freedom-struggle he returned to Tabriz and joined the uprising. He 11th National Biennial of eration and collaboration of al Complex and organizers of al Center and Farbod Hemmat was one of the leaders of the revolutionaries who marched upon Tehran and forced Contemporary Iranian Ceram- Niavaran Cultural Complex in this exhibition and described Azad Secretary of Iranian As- Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar to abdicate. His warm reception by the people of Tehran ic Art on Sat., Ms. Yaroslava organizing artistic and cultural the works showcased in the sociation of Pottery attended alarmed the colonialist powers, Britain and Russia. After a short while, intense clashes Romanova First Secretary events.” exhibition as very glorious in this visiting ceremony. erupted between the revolutionaries and agents of the foreign-backed regime. As a consequence, a number of freedom-seekers were killed. Sattar Khan, who was severely wounded, succumbed to his injuries on this day. 97 lunar years ago, on this day in 1345 AH, Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Hussaini Sleep Loss Hijacks Brain’s Firuzabadi Najafi, passed away at the age of 80 in the holy city of Samarra in Iraq, and was laid to rest in the holy mausoleum of the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali ibn Abi Taleb (AS) in Najaf. Activity During Learning 85 solar years ago, on this day in 1935 AD, the famous Islamic scholar of Lebanon, Seyyed Mohammad Hussain Fazlollah, was born in the holy city of Najaf in Iraq, to LONDON (Dispatches) -- A Surprisingly, people who got the scholar Abdur-Raoof Fazlollah. new study shows that getting only no sleep lacked the brain activa- 40 solar years ago, on this day in 1980 AD, Iran’s southwestern border town of half a night’s sleep - as many med- tion in fear-related areas during Susangerd witnessed the courageous resistance of the Muslim combatants against ical workers and military person- fear conditioning and extinction. the invading forces of Saddam. The defence operations were conducted only by two hundred personnel of the Islamic Revolution’s Guards Corps (IRGC), led by Defence nel often do - hijacks the brain’s During the extinction recall 12 Minister Mostafa Chamran and assisted by the lightly-armed local Basijis. The brave ability to unlearn fear-related hours later, their brain activity Iranian combatants held back enemy tanks and liberated Susangerd from the Ba’thist memories. That might put people looked more similar to those forces. The victory was achieved despite virtual deprivation of water, food, and at greater risk of conditions such with normal sleep, suggesting ammunitions for almost three days. 39 solar years ago, on this day in 1981 AD, Pakistan’s prominent Urdu and Persian as anxiety or posttraumatic stress that a limited night of sleep may poet, Khawar Rezavi, passed away at the age of 43 due to heart attack. Due to his disorder. be worse than none at all. ideology and political beliefs he became a victim of the oppressive policies of General The researchers, led by Anne Zia ul-Haq, the US and Saudi-backed dictator of Pakistan. Germain, PhD, at the Univer- 37 solar years ago, on this day in 1983 AD, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was founded, and recognized only by Turkey. sity of Pittsburgh and Edward 22 solar years ago, on this day in 1998 AD, the philosopher and theologian, Allamah Pace-Schott, PhD, at Harvard Mohammad-Taqi Ja’fari, passed away at the age of 75. He wrote many books on a vast Medical School and Massachu- variety of fields, the most prominent of which are his 15-volume “Interpretation and setts General Hospital, studied Criticism of Mathnavi”, of the famous Iranian Poet Mowlana Jalal od-Din Roumi’s poetical masterpiece, and his unfinished, 27-volume “Translation and Interpretation 150 healthy adults in the sleep of the Nahj al-Balagha”. These two major works contain his most important laboratory. One third of subjects thoughts and ideas in fields like anthropology, sociology, moral ethics, philosophy got normal sleep, one third were and . sleep restricted, so they slept 20 solar years ago, on this day in 2000 AD, the prominent researcher and writer, Hojjat al-Islam Dr. Mohammad Hadi al-Amini, passed away at the age of 69. Born in only the first half the night, and Tabriz, he migrated to Iraq in his childhood along with his celebrated father, Allamah one third were sleep deprived, Abdul-Hussain Amini, the author of the famous book “al-Ghadeer”. He studied at so they got no sleep at all. In the the seminary of holy Najaf, before graduating from Baghdad University, and went morning, all the subjects under- on to obtain PhD from Egypt’s al-Azhar University in Arabic literature. In 1971, he returned to his homeland Iran where he taught at the university, in addition to research went fear conditioning. and writing of books. Works authored by him include “E’laam Nahj al-Balagha”, Brain imaging recorded during “Mu’jam Rijal Fikr wa’l-Adab”, “Itrat dar Qur’an”, and a highly researched work the tasks showed activation in on Hazrat Fatema Zahra (SA), the Immaculate Daughter of Prophet Mohammad brain areas associated with emo- (SAWA). 20 solar years ago, on this day in 2000 AD, Mahdi Edoardo , heir and only tional regulation, such as the son of , the Head of Italy’s Fiat Group of Automobiles, was martyred by prefrontal cortex, in people who Zionists in at the age of 46. Born in New York, his mother was Princess Donna got normal sleep. But the brain Marella Caracciolo di Castagneto of Florence. He studied at Princeton University, activity looked very different where after reading the holy Qur’an thoroughly, he converted to Islam and changed his name to Hisham Aziz. He travelled to India and from there to Iran, where he met in people with restricted sleep, the Father of the Islamic Revolution, Imam Khomeini (RA). He soon embraced the said Dr. Pace-Schott. “We found truth of the school of the Ahl al-Bayt of Prophet Mohammad (SAWA), a move that that among the three groups, alarmed the Zionists, the US, and other enemies of Islam, especially his meeting with those who had only gotten half Leader of the Islamic Revolution, Ayatollah Seyyed . They devised a plan to remove him and pass on inheritance of Fiat’s multi-billion dollar fortune to his a night’s sleep showed the most Jewish nephew (sister’s son), John Elkann. His body was found on a river bed beneath activity in brain regions associ- a motorway viaduct, with his car nearby, which means, he was thrown down by hired ated with fear and the least ac- Iran is among the major producers of medicinal herbs. The country exports over $500 million worth of assassins. In 2003, Iran made a documentary on Mahdi Edoardo Agnelli and his name tivity in areas associated with such plants in a year. is enshrined in the Museum of Martyrs in Tehran. control of emotion.” Courtesy of Mehr News Agency