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Land Use/Vegetation Cover Mapping of North and South Karanpura Coalfields Based on Satellite Data for the Year- 2012

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Land Use/Vegetation Cover Mapping of North and South Karanpura Coalfields Based on Satellite Data for the Year- 2012 Land use/vegetation cover mapping of North and South Karanpura Coalfields based On Satellite Data for the Year- 2012 CMPDI A Miniratna Company Land use/vegetation cover mapping of North and South Karanpura Coalfields based On Satellite Data for the Year- 2012 March-2013 Remote Sensing Cell Geomatics Division CMPDI, Ranchi CMPDI Restricted Report on Vegetation cover mapping of North and South Karanpura Coalfields based On Satellite Data of the Year‐ 2012 March-2013 Remote Sensing Cell Geomatics Division CMPDI, Ranchi RSC-561410027 [ Page i of iv] CMPDI Document Control Sheet (1) Job No. RSC/561410027 (2) Publication Date March 2013 (3) Number of Pages 28 (4) Number of Figures 7 (5) Number of Tables 7 (6) Number of Plates 1 (7) Title of Report Land use /vegetation cover mapping of North & South Karanpura Coalfield based on satellite data of the year 2012. (8) Aim of the Report To prepare Land use / vegetation cover map of North & South Karanpura Coalfield on 1:50000 scale based on IRS R-2 L4FMX satellite data for assessing the impact of coal mining on land use pattern and vegetation cover (9) Executing Unit Remote Sensing Cell, Geomatics Division Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited, Gondwana Place, Kanke Road, Ranchi 834008 (10) User Agency Central Coalfields Ltd. (11) Authors Mr A. K. Singh Chief Manager (Remote Sensing) Mr. N.P.Singh, General Manager(Geomatics) (12) Security Restriction Restricted Circulation (13) No. of Copies 8 (14) Distribution Statement Official RSC-561410027 [ Page ii of iv] CMPDI Contents Page No. Document Control Sheet ii List of Figures iv List of Tables iv List of Plates iv 1.0 Introduction 1 - 4 1.1 Project Reference 1.2 Project Background 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Location and Accessibility 1.5 Physiography 2.0 Remote Sensing Concept & Methodology 5 - 18 2.1 Remote Sensing 2.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum 2.3 Scanning System 2.4 Data Source 2.5 Characteristics of Satellite/Sensor 2.6 Data Processing 2.6.1 Geometric Correction, rectification & geo-referencing 2.6.2 Image enhancement 2.6.3 Training set selection 2.6.4 Signature generation & classification 2.6.5 Creation / Overlay of vector database in GIS 2.6.6 Validation of classified image 3.0 Landuse / Cover Mapping 19 - 29 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Land use / Cover Classification 3.3 Data Analysis & Change Detection 3.3.1 Vegetation Cover 3.3.2 Mining Area 3.3.3 Agricultural Land 3.3.4 Wasteland 3.3.5 Settlements 3.3.6 Water Bodies 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendations 30 - 31 4.1 Conclusion 4.2 Recommendations RSC-561410027 [ Page iii of iv] CMPDI List of Figures 2.0 Location Map of North & South Karanpura Coal Field. 2.1 Remote Sensing Radiation system 2.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum. 2.3 Expanded diagram of the visible and infrared regions (upper) and microwave regions (lower) showing atmospheric windows. 2.4 Methodology for Land use / Cover mapping. 2.5 Geoid-Ellipsoid -Projection Relationship. 3.1 Area-wise percentage of different land use/cover in coalfield. List of Tables 2.1 Electromagnetic spectral regions. 2.2 Characteristics of the satellite/sensor used in the present project work. 2.3 Classification Accuracy Matrix. 3.1 Vegetation cover / landuse classes identified in North & South Karanpura Coalfield. 3.2 Distribution of Landuse / Cover Patten in North & South Karanpura Coalfield in the year 2012 List of Plates List of maps/plates prepared on a scale of 1:50,000 are given below: 1. Plate No. HQ/REM/ 002: Landuse / Cover Map of North & South Karanpura Coalfield based on IRS – R-2/ L4FMX data. List of Annexure Annexure 1 . Area of landuse/cover class in North & South Karanpura Coalfield RSC-561410027 [ Page iv of iv] CMPDI Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Reference Coal India Ltd. desires to create geo-environmental database of coalfields for monitoring the impact of coal mining on land use and vegetation cover on regional scale through Remote Sensing technique. Accordingly, a road map was submitted to Coal India Ltd. to implement the project of land use and vegetation cover monitoring of 28 major coalfields at regular interval of three years. A work order no. CIL/WBP/Env/2009/2428 dated 29/12/2009 was is- sued by CIL initially for three years.. Subsequently a revised work order was issued vide letter no. CIL/WBP/Env/2011/ dated 12/10/2012 from Coal India Limited for the period 2012 to 2016-17 for land reclamation monitoring the OC projects as well as vegetation cover mapping of 28 major coalfields as per a defined plan for monitoring the impact of mining on Vegetation Cover. 1.2 Objectives The objectives of the present study are to prepare a regional land use and vegetation cover map of Karanpura Coalfields (North and South) on 1:50,000 scale based on IRS R2 LISS-IV satellite data of the year 2012, using digital image processing technique for accessing the impact of coal mining and associated industrial activities on the land use/ vegetation cover in the coalfield area . 1.3 Location & Accessibility Karanpura coalfield (KCF), situated about 60 km northwest of Ranchi and 20 km SW of Hazaribagh, forms part of Ranchi, Hazaribagh and Palamau districts of Bihar State. The study area is bounded between North Latitudes 23037’16” to 23058’05” and East longitudes 84045’00” to 85028’44” and is RSC-561410027 [ Page 1 of 31] CMPDI A A A A covered by Survey of India (SoI) toposheet Nos. 73 /9, 73 /10, 73 /13, 73 /14, E E E E 73 /1, 73 /2, 73 /5, 73 /6 The location map and the incidence of study area on toposheets are shown in Figure 2.1. The area extends for about 38 km in north-south direction and 75 km in east-west direction encompassing an area of about 2280 sq. km. The Ashwa Pahar hill ranges divide the area into North Karanpura Coalfield (NKCF) and South Karanpura Coalfield (SKCF). NKCF is approachable from Ranchi on the southern side and Hazaribagh on the northern side. Khalari town is connected with Ranchi by all-weather metalled road, which in turn connects Tandwa, Barkagaon, Hazaribgh and Chatra towns by fair-weathered metalled roads. Though, the southern side of the Damodar river in the NKCF is approachable throughout the year, part of the northern portion remains cut off from Hazaribagh and Barkagaon during the monsoon season due to the absence of road bridges on Garhi Nadi, Chundru Nala, Sadabahar Nala and other streams. The eastern and western parts of NKCF are connected with Tandwa by fair-weathered jeepable roads. SKCF, both on the northern and southern sides of Damodar river, is approachable from Ramgarh town located on the Hazaribagh-Ranchi National Highway No.33 and also from Ranchi via Patratu by an all- weathered metalled road. KCF is also covered by Barkakana-Daltanganj branch of broad gauge railway line of the Eastern Railways connecting Gomoh and Dehri-on-Son. Mahauamilan, McCluskiganj, Khalari, Ray, Kole and Hendegir railway stations fall in NKCF, and Patraru, Bhurkunda, Barkakana and Arigada railway stations fall in SKCF. 1.4 Drainage The Karanpura coalfields (both NKCF and SKCF) forms a part of the Damodar river basin. The general flow direction of the Damodar river is from RSC-561410027 [ Page 2 of 31] CMPDI west to east and is locally characterized by open and closed meanders. Some of the tributaries and sub-tributaries originate within the Karanpura coalfield and others originate in the crystalline rocks outside the study area. Garhi Nadi and Haharo Nadi are the two major tributaries of the study area. Garhi Nadi and Hararo Nadi are the two major tributaries of the Damodar river which bring the discharge from various 2nd and 3rd order steams in the study area, and drain southwards through crystallines and sedimentary rocks of Gondwana Super Group. The smaller tributaries like Saphi Nadi, Chati Nala, Naikari Nadi etc. join the Damodar river from south and Nagarnadia Nala, Bandagarha Nala, Bolhariya Nala, Koti Nala, Patratu Nadi etc. join from the northern side. Apart from these, numerous streams/rivulets also join the Damodar river directly. The major part of the Karanpura coalfiekd is covered by Garhi Nadi and Haharo nadi watersheds. The major tributaries of Garhi Nadi are Daini N., Chundru N., Kuhubad N., Satkundariya N., Sadabahar Nala, Barki Nadi, Medhiya N., Garua Nadi, etc. The major tributaries of Haharo Nadi are Kukkurduba N., Patra Nadi, Hendraj Nadi, Harhori Nadi, Lathorwa N., Ghaghra Nadi, Damuhani N., Pakwa N., Badamahi Nadi, Rajhar N., etc. Mainly, the dendritic and parallel drainage patterns are prevalent in the area. The dendritic drainage is developed mainly in the moderate to deeply weathered pediplain over sedimentary and crystalline rocks indicating lack of structural control. The parallel type of drainage pattern is more common on the hill slopes of sedimentary and crystalline rocks. At places, joints/fractures also exhibit control on the stream pattern. Gulling is also common at places resulting in bad land topography. RSC-561410027 [ Page 3 of 31] CMPDI Fig. 1.1 : Location Map of Karanpura Coalfield RSC-564308048 [ Page 4 of 31] CMPDI Chapter 2 Remote Sensing Concepts and Methodology 2.1 Remote Sensing Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object or area through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in physical contact with the object or area under investigation. The term remote sensing is commonly restricted to methods that employ electro-magnetic energy (such as light, heat and radio waves) as the means of detecting and measuring object characteristics. All physical objects on the earth surface continuously emit electromagnetic raddiation because of the oscillations of their atomic particles.
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