DOCSLIB.ORG

National Identity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Identity THEMATIC Series Social Sciences Eastern Europe Family Patterns and Demographic Development 2010|01 ISSN 1868-9469 (Print) 1868-9477 (Online) Publisher GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Service Agency Eastern Europe Schiffbauerdamm 19, 10117 Berlin, Germany, Tel.: +49-30-233611-311 e-mail: [email protected]; http://www.gesis.org Editors Schleinstein, N.; Sucker, D.; Wenninger, A.; Wilde, A. Frequency 2 issues per year This publication is financed by GESIS which is jointly funded by the Federal and State governments. © 2009 GESIS. All rights reserved. The reproduction of excerpts is permitted but subject to the condition that the source be mentioned and against specimen copy. 1 CONTENTS EDITORIAL ....................................................................................................................................................................…………….2 CONTRIBUTIONS Beáta Nagy The Paradox of Employment and Fertility: an Introduction......................................................................................................3 Vlada Stankuniene Changing Fertility in Lithuania during the Last Two Decades................................................................................................10 Michaela Potančoková Fertility Trends in Slovakia in the New Millennium................................................................................................................... 18 Alexey Pamporov Family, Marriage and Childbirth Developments in Bulgaria after 1989............................................................................. 26 Dana Hamplová Non-Marital Fertility as a New Form of Social Inequality? Transformation of Czech Families after 1989............................................................................................................................. 35 Alena Křížková, Hana Maříková, Radka Dudová, Zdeněk Sloboda The Conditions of Parenthood in Organisations: An International Comparison ............................................................ 39 Mare Ainsaar, Pirjo Paajanen Resource, Life Stage and Partner-Related Reasons of Postponement of Births: Comparison of Estonia and Finland ............................................................................................................................................... 54 Maria Avdeeva Implementations of the French Family Policy Measures in Russia........................................................................................... Cristina Rat Disciplining Mothers: Fertility Threats and Family Policies in Romania............................................................................ 75 RESEARCH PROJECTS Human Fertility Database Project: Open Access to High-Quality Comparable Data on Fertility................................ 87 Foreign-origin Population: Social Networks in the Context of Second Demographic Transition............................... 88 ANNEX ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….89 Thematic series: Social Sciences Eastern Europe, 2010/01 Family Patterns and Demographic Development 2 EDITORIAL Dear readers, The last years have been characterised by important changes in people's lives and lifestyles and by strong evolutions in society, social structures and values. Eastern Europe has been recognized as a region that has experienced major socio-political and economic changes in the last decades. The impact of these transitions on families and their functioning has also been significant. The societies are witnessing a number of key changes in family structures – postponed parenthood, low fertility, single parenting, increased divorce rates, more births outside marriage etc. This issue of thematic series provides a timely and comprehensive analysis of family issues in Eastern Europe. It brings together scholars from Eastern European countries. The authors explain family processes in particular countries or in a cross-national perspective, focusing on the historic, social and economic contexts and the impact they have on families. Beáta Nagy focuses on how the (female) employment rate and willingness of becoming parents could be increased in welfare states. The article argues for the correlation of the developments on these two areas according to the results of recent researches: high employment rate – high fertility rate; low employment rate – low fertility rate. Vlada Stankuniene gives an overview of the two decade fluctuation of fertility rates in Lithuania in the context of the selected Eastern and Central European countries, which turned to the market economy and democratic society in the beginning of the 1990s, and of the Western countries, where similar changes had taken place earlier, but less dramatically. In terms of future trends of fertility in Slovakia, Michaela Potančoková sees a further increase of the total fertility rate. TFR is expected to rise to about 1,5 – 1,6 children per woman within upcoming 5 years purely due to the recuperation of postponed births. Despite the recuperation, TFR will not recover back to the previous levels of about 2 children per woman. The author indicates that although Slovakia has one of the youngest populations in Europe at the moment, this will change to the one of the fastest ageing ones in the upcoming decade. Alexey Pamporov discusses in his contribution the demographic developments, value shifts and the public policies concerning the family issues in Bulgaria. Dana Hamplová indicates the fact that non-marital fertility has been increasing in Czech Republic in the last decades. This phenomenon is especially significant among lower social classes, which creates an important polarization between relatively well-off and well- educated two-parent families and relatively poor and low-educated mother-headed families. Thus, the author assumes that such polarization will lead to increasing social inequalities within the next generation. The paper by Alena Křížková, Hana Maříková, Radka Dudová and Zdeněk Sloboda focuses on organisations and the conditions for working parents in terms of combining work and care and how those conditions are set up and negotiated in organisations. The research draws on three case studies comparing pairs of companies active in the Czech Republic and in one of the following countries – Germany, France, and Sweden – in the field of engineering. Mare Ainsaar and Pirjo Paajanen analyse three prevailing types of reasons of the postponement of births – resources, life stage, partner-related in Estonia and Finland. Maria Avdeeva compares the efficiency of French and Russian family policy and examines such measures of the French family policy that can be applied in Russia and positively influence the fertility. The paper by Cristina Rat investigates how family policies in post-socialist Romania maintained unfavourable conditions of entitlement for parents with irregular participation on the formal labour market. It argues that the regulations on maternity benefits, childcare leave, and means-tested child allowance targeted primarily the fertility behaviour of women, and failed to meet the quest for “social investment” welfare and support for balancing workplace and domestic duties. Additionally, the publication offers information (including contact information and links to homepages) on universities, research institutions, academic networks and scholarly journals focusing on family research. Editorial team Thematic series: Social Sciences Eastern Europe, 2010/01 Family Patterns and Demographic Development 3 CONTRIBUTIONS Beáta Nagy1 The Paradox of Employment and Fertility: an Introduction2 In recent decades, studies focused on how the (female) employment rate and willingness of becoming parents could be increased in welfare states. This paper outlines the matter of features characterizing the relationship of these two aspects. The main question is which factors influence if employment and fertility rates strengthen or weaken each other. This article argues for the correlation of the developments on these two areas according to the results of recent researches: high employment rate – high fertility rate; low employment rate – low fertility rate. On which part of the scale a society can be found, is influenced by various factors, such as: whether the welfare system supports the expansion of high quality child care institutions for children up to the age of 3; how long it alienates young mothers from the labor market (including even on the level of expectations or norms); and how well-balanced the division of tasks is at home between the partners (e.g. the importance of the active role of fathers). Finally, the study outlines some arguments aiming that the increasing equalization and parallel expansion of female employment can be considered as important factors contributing to economic development and social integration. Two large, long-term challenges face the countries of the European Union: they need to increase their employment rate (one of the goals set by the Lisbon Strategy), and promote and encourage fertility, the willingness to have children. Women are clearly in the focus of both goals: in one case as the main source of labor supply and in the other as adults capable of giving birth to children. In this short paper, we wish to look at how these two areas are related and at how these two exceptionally important areas for society can be harmonized. Many more questions could be raised and it is worth mentioning a few of the issues that have been widely discussed in Hungary in recent
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Aspects of Starting a Large Family
    review PAPer © Borgis New Med 2015; 19(3): 110-115 DOI: 10.5604/14270994.1179859 THE ASPECTS OF STARTING A LARGE FAMILY *Zsuzsanna Kiss Soósné1, Andrea Kovács2, Judit Kókai3 1Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Head of Faculty: prof. Zoltán Zsolt Nagy, MD, PhD 2Health visitor student, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Head of Faculty: prof. Zoltán Zsolt Nagy, MD, PhD 3Health visitor, Joint Institute of Health and Social Affairs, Győr, Hungary Head of Institute: Mihály Panker Summary Introduction. Being raised in a large family is not only favourable regarding the development of the child but beneficial for the whole society as well. In Hungary fewer and fewer children are born and the number of children growing up in large families has been decreasing. So the examination of this field of subject from the perspective of healthcare has valid ground. Aim. By studying the questionnares and interviews with students of the Semmelweis University Faculty of Health Sciences (SE ETK) we’ve tried to explore what can be done by healthcare professionals to improve the family planning of the youth. We focused on the opinions of health visitor students who were raised in big family. What are they thinking about starting their own family and how their origin and the healthcare system affects it? What are their views on the resources a large family pro- vides? Material and methods. The second, third and fourth year nurse, midwife and health visitor students of SE ETK filled out a quantitative questionnaire in spring 2012 as a part of a research launched in 2007, called ”Students’ Plans to Start a Family”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ban on Abortion and the Politicization of Women's Bodies
    THE BAN ON ABORTION AND THE POLITICIZATION OF WOMEN’S BODIES IN EARLY REPUBLICAN TURKEY BETWEEN 1923-1946 By Oguz Soylu Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Associate Professor Constantin Iordachi Second Reader: Assistant Professor Noemi Levy-Aksu CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2014 Statement of Copyright “Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author.” CEU eTD Collection i Abstract This thesis explores the politicization of Turkish women’s bodies in early republican Turkey, between 1923-1946, with regard to the ban on abortion and socio-political discourses of motherhood propaganda. After the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923, the early republican regime granted many modernized rights to women within the project of women’s emancipation. However, at the same time, the new regime criminalized abortion and initiated strong pro-natalist policies by bringing reproduction under the state’s biological control. In addition, new legislations passed contained some articles which had unequal treatment of women and put them in a secondary position in their private lives, and new educational structures directed girls to take gendered lessons to be ideal mothers and virtuous wives.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland Historical Magazine, 1976, Volume 71, Issue No. 3
    AKfLAND •AZIN Published Quarterly by the Maryland Historical Society FALL 1976 Vol. 71, No. 3 BOARD OF EDITORS JOSEPH L. ARNOLD, University of Maryland, Baltimore County JEAN BAKER, Goucher College GARY BROWNE, Wayne State University JOSEPH W. COX, Towson State College CURTIS CARROLL DAVIS, Baltimore RICHARD R. DUNCAN, Georgetown University RONALD HOFFMAN, University of Maryland, College Park H. H. WALKER LEWIS, Baltimore EDWARD C. PAPENFUSE, Hall of Records BENJAMIN QUARLES, Morgan State College JOHN B. BOLES, Editor, Towson State College NANCY G. BOLES, Assistant Editor RICHARD J. COX, Manuscripts MARY K. MEYER, Genealogy MARY KATHLEEN THOMSEN, Graphics FORMER EDITORS WILLIAM HAND BROWNE, 1906-1909 LOUIS H. DIELMAN, 1910-1937 JAMES W. FOSTER, 1938-1949, 1950-1951 HARRY AMMON, 1950 FRED SHELLEY, 1951-1955 FRANCIS C. HABER 1955-1958 RICHARD WALSH, 1958-1967 RICHARD R. DUNCAN, 1967-1974 P. WILLIAM FILBY, Director ROMAINE S. SOMERVILLE, Assistant Director The Maryland Historical Magazine is published quarterly by the Maryland Historical Society, 201 W. Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. Contributions and correspondence relating to articles, book reviews, and any other editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor in care of the Society. All contributions should be submitted in duplicate, double-spaced, and consistent with the form out- lined in A Manual of Style (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969). The Maryland Historical Society disclaims responsibility for statements made by contributors. Composed and printed at Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21202,. Second-class postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland. © 1976, Maryland Historical Society. 6 0F ^ ^^^f^i"^^lARYLA/ i ^ RECORDS LIBRARY \9T6 00^ 26 HIST NAPOLIS, M^tl^ND Fall 1976 #.
    [Show full text]
  • Illinois for the Report Says Illinois Survivors to Offer Support Tions Against Them
    Questions? Call 1-800-Tribune Thursday, December 20, 2018 Breaking news at chicagotribune.com 500 accused priests unnamed State AG report finds extensive abuse, says church yet to ID many By Elvia Malagon licly identified only 185 olic dioceses that govern ades. and moral responsibility to Chicago Tribune clergy with credible allega- parishes across Illinois for The report says Illinois survivors to offer support tions against them. their lack of transparency dioceses “have lost sight of and services, and to take A scathing report from The determination is and flawed investigations. both a key tenet” of policies swift action to remove abu- Attorney General Lisa part of a preliminary report Although the report says laid out by the United States sive clergy,” the report Madigan finds the number made public Wednesday by that “Clergy sexual abuse of Conference of Catholic states. of Catholic priests accused Madigan’s office, which has minors in Illinois is signifi- Bishops as well as “the most In a prepared statement, of sexual abuse against chil- been investigating Catholic cantly more extensive than obvious human need as a Chicago Cardinal Blase Cu- dren in Illinois is much clergy sexual abuse of mi- the Illinois Dioceses previ- result of these abhorrent pich acknowledged that higher than previously ac- nors following revelations ously reported,” it does not acts of abuse: the healing victims of sexual abuse by CHICAGO TRIBUNE knowledged. during the summer of wide- estimate how many of the and reconciliation of sur- Catholic priests continue to Attorney General Lisa Madi- The report said accusa- spread abuse and cover-ups allegations against the 690 vivors.” live with the pain.
    [Show full text]
  • America's One-Child Policy
    Published on The Weekly Standard (http://www.weeklystandard.com) America’s One-Child Policy What China imposed on its population, we’re adopting voluntarily. Jonathan V. Last September 27, 2010, Vol. 16, No. 02 For the last several months, Chinese officials have been floating the idea of relaxing the country’s famed “One- Child” policy. One-Child has long been admired in the West by environmentalists, anti-population doomsayers, and some of our sillier professional wise men. In Hot, Flat, and Crowded (2008), for instance, Tom Friedman lauded the policy for saving China from “a population calamity.” What Friedman and others fail to understand is that China is built upon a crumbling demographic base. One-Child may or may not have “saved” China from overpopulation, but it has certainly created a demographic catastrophe. Between 1950 and 1970, the average Chinese woman had roughly six children during her lifetime. Beginning in 1970, the Chinese government began urging a course of “late, long, few,” and in a decade the fertility rate dropped from 5.9 to 2.1. But that wasn’t enough for the government. In 1979, they instituted the One-Child policy—which is more complicated than it sounds. Under One-Child, couples wanting a baby were required to obtain permission from local officials. (In 2002, the government relaxed this provision; you can now have one child without government clearance.) After having one child, urban residents and government employees were forbidden from having another. In rural areas, however, couples are often allowed to have a second baby five years after the first.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion, Feminism and Abortion: the Regulation of Assisted Reproduction in Two Catholic Countries
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research CUNY School of Law 2011 Religion, Feminism and Abortion: The Regulation of Assisted Reproduction in Two Catholic Countries Richard Storrow CUNY School of Law How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cl_pubs/104 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] RELIGION, FEMINISM AND ABORTION: THE REGULATION OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION IN TWO CATHOLIC COUNTRIES Richard F. Storrow* Perspectives on abortion and religious values have been two primary influences on the development of the various regulatory regimes that govern * Professor of Law, City University of New York. J.D., Columbia, 1993; M.A., Columbia, 1989; B.A., Miami University, 1987. Many thanks to the United States State Department’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs and the Comisión Fulbright in Spain for their generous research support under the auspices of the J. William Fulbright Scholarship Program. Many thanks to the Department of Civil Law, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, for hosting me so graciously during my time in Spain. I am indebted to my friends and colleagues at Pompeu Fabra, especially Josep Ferrer Riba, Esther Farnós Amorós, Mireia Artigot Golobardes, Antoni Rubí Puig, Carlos Gómez Ligüerre, Josep Sandiumenge Farré, Albert Azagra Malo, Margarida Garriga Gorina, Albert Lamarca Marquès, Pau Salvador Coderch, Fernando Gómez Pomar, Joan Egea Fernández, Laura Alascio Carrasco, Rosa Milà Rafel, Laura Allueva Aznar, Ariadna Aguilera Rull, Marian Gili Saldaña and Magalí Riera Roca.
    [Show full text]
  • FEDERAL REGISTER VOLUME 35 • NUMBER 251 Tuesday, December 29,1970 • Washington, D.C
    FEDERAL REGISTER VOLUME 35 • NUMBER 251 Tuesday, December 29,1970 • Washington, D.C. Pages 19651-19732 Agencies in this issue— Agriculture Department American Battle Monuments Commission Atomic Energy Commission N Canal Zone Census Bureau Civil Aeronautics Board Commerce Department Comptroller of the Currency Consumer and Marketing Service Environmental Protection Agency Federal Aviation Administration Federal Communications Commission Federal Insurance Administration Federal Maritime Commission Federal Power Commission Federal Reserve System Fish and Wildlife Service Government Procurement Commission Hearings and Appeals Office Health, Education, and Welfare Department Interagency Textile Administrative Committee Interim Compliance Panel (Coal Mine Health and Safety) Internal Revenue Service International Commerce Bureau^ Interstate Commerce Commission Justice Department Land Management Bureau National Highway Safety Bureau National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Packers and Stockyards Administration Post Office Department Securities and Exchange Commission Small Business Administration Detailed list of Contents appears inside. Volume 8 3 UNITED STATES STATUTES AT LARGE 91 st Congress, 1st Session 1969 Contains laws and concurrent resolu­ eluded are: numerical listings of bills tions enacted by the Congress during enacted into public and private law, 1969, reorganization plan, ^recom ­ a guide to the legislative history of bills mendations of the President, and enacted into public law, tables of prior Presidential proclamations. Also in- laws affected, and a subject index. Price: $10.50 Published by Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration Order from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 1 1 l Y f D C f ' I C T I T D Published daily, Tuesday through Saturday (no publication on Sundays, Mondays, or LU liJ 1 E ll °n day aft®r an °fflcQial Holiday).
    [Show full text]
  • Contrasting Image of Italian Women Under Fascism in the 1930'S
    Syracuse University SURFACE Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects Projects Spring 5-1-2011 The Contrasting Image of Italian Women Under Fascism in the 1930’s Jennifer Linda Monti Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/honors_capstone Part of the European History Commons, and the Other History Commons Recommended Citation Monti, Jennifer Linda, "The Contrasting Image of Italian Women Under Fascism in the 1930’s" (2011). Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects. 714. https://surface.syr.edu/honors_capstone/714 This Honors Capstone Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Chapter 1 The Italian Condition Prior to 1919 Women are angels or demons, born to take care of the household, bear children, and to make cuckolds. Benito Mussolini In this chapter, I will examine Italy in the period before 1919 in order to understand the context into which Fascism was born. I will analyze the political, social and economic condition that existed in the Italian peninsula between the beginning of the Twentieth century and World War One, and try to explain why Fascism became so popular in so little time, and why it was able to establish such a long-term dictatorship. Italian Fascism was an antidemocratic and antisocialist movement that developed in Italy at the end of World War I, more precisely on March 23, 1919 when Benito Mussolini founded his new organization called Fasci di Combattimento in Piazza San Sepolcro in the city of Milan.
    [Show full text]
  • Good Health Is the Best Dowry: Marriage
    GOOD HEALTH IS THE BEST DOWRY: MARRIAGE COUNSELING, PREMARITAL EXAMINATIONS, SEX EDUCATION IN HUNGARY 1920-1952 Gábor Szegedi A DISSERTATION in History Presented to the Faculties of the Central European University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Budapest, Hungary CEU eTD Collection 2014 Supervisors of Dissertation: István Rév; Karl Hall Copyright in the text of this dissertation rests with the author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained by the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. I hereby declare that this dissertation contains no materials accepted for any other degrees in any other institutions and no materials previously written and/or published by another person unless otherwise noted. CEU eTD Collection Abstract This study deals with the topic of marriage counseling in Hungary from the early 1920s to the early 1950s. Marriage counseling is used as an umbrella term for a wide range of practices including medical, legal or sexual counseling for individuals and couples, before and during marriage. The focus of this project is on premarital counseling and on preparation for marriage in general, which includes the production of sexual knowledge through sex education materials. Marriage counseling thus, at least as it was primarily understood in mid-20th century Hungary, becomes primarily a health issue and a preparation of young adults for proper marriage in a biological sense.
    [Show full text]
  • The Image of the Journalist in Silent Film, Part One: 1890 to 1919
    Journalist in Silent Film 35 The Image of the Journalist in Silent Film, 1890 to 1929: Part One 1890 to 1919 Joe Saltzman Professor of Journalism Director of the Image of the Journalist in Popular Culture (IJPC) A Project of the Norman Lear Center Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA [email protected] with Liz Mitchell Senior Research Associate Image of the Journalist in Popular Culture (IJPC) Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA [email protected] Introduction This is the first installment in the landmark study of “The Image of the Journalist in Silent Film, 1890 to 1929.” It covers 1,948 films from 1890 to 1919. Part Two will cover the years from 1920 to the beginning of recorded sound in 1929. This is the first comprehensive study of the beginning of cinema’s earliest depictions of the journalist, mostly newspaper reporters, editors, and publishers. Newspaper fiction flourished at a time when journalism “was a revolutionary force, tearing up traditions, redefining public morality, and lending voice and encouragement to the disenfranchised. It reflected currents sweeping through every phase of American life. The skyrocketing circulations, the manic search for exclusive news, the sensational headlines, and the concentration of newspaper ownership were signs of an America changing from a rural society to an urban and industrial one. Since journalism so clearly mirrored and so loudly supported the new order, it became the preeminent symbol for the mechanization, standardization, democratization, and vulgarization of culture.”1 Historian Howard Good points out that the 1890s “represented a watershed not only in American journalism but also in American history.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86184-7 — from Nurturing the Nation to Purifying the Volk Michelle Mouton Index More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86184-7 — From Nurturing the Nation to Purifying the Volk Michelle Mouton Index More Information Index abortion, 7, 8, 9, 18, 38–9, 43–4, 45, 48, 67, BDF, see Federation of German Women’s 109, 112, 137, 143, 155, 224, 233, 274 Organizations see also German Civil Code Section 218 Bebel, August, 199 Academy of German Law, 86 Belgium, 215 adoption, 33, 211, 216, 227 Bell, Johannes, 6, 76 Weimar era, 246–53, 268–9 see also Catholic Center Party Nazi era, 261–271 Berleberg, 74, 250 adultery, 71, 72, 75, 79, 80–1, 83, 90–1, 103 Berlin, 43, 95, 108 Aid for Orphans, 247 Bertram, Cardinal Adolf, 76 alimony, 75–6, 80, 82–3, 84–5, 101–3 Bessel, Richard, 12, 71, 198 Allen, Ann Taylor, 164 Bethel Psychiatric Institute, 141 Alltagsgeschichte, 25–31 Bielefeld, 21, 22, 27, 74, 103, 118, 158, 165, Amt Dutzen,¨ 168 207, 232, 241, 252, 266–7 Amtsarzt, see doctors birth control and contraception, 7, 8–10, 14, Amtsgericht,74 18, 34, 38–9, 43–4, 45–8, 67–8, 112, Recklinghausen, 72 137, 233, 273, 274, 275 Warburg, 222 birth rate, 32, 35, 56, 68, 107–8, 125, 236, 279 Angermund, Ralph, 94 post WWI, 4, 7, 8, 20, 38, 108–9, 197 antinatalism, 17, 32, 108, 116, 139–49, 150 and WWII, 3, 224–7 see also sterilization see also pronatalism anti-Semitism, 17, 21, 23, 39, 88, 94 Blasius, Dirk, 12, 79, 80 see also Jews Blomberg, 242 Arendsee, Martha, 76 blood tests, 218–20, 228, 230, 234, 265, Arnsberg, 84, 85, 104, 158, 204 277 Aryan race and privileges thereof, 16–7, 18, Bochum, 20, 112 28, 67, 94–7, 120, 195, 262, 266, 268, Bock, Gisela, 30, 108, 124, 182 271 Bohm-Schuch, Clara, 110 Association of German Florists, 110 Brake, 61, 130, 203, 207 Association of Patriotic Women, 159 Briemann, Hans, 268 Association for the Protection of Mothers, 199 Brilon, 74 “asocial” classification, 18, 30, 56, 122, 128, Broszat, Martin, 22 134, 214, 217, 232, 255 Bruggemeir,¨ F.
    [Show full text]
  • Tax, Social Policy and Gender: Rethinking Equality And
    TAX, SOCIAL POLICY AND GENDER RETHINKING EQUALITY AND EFFICIENCY TAX, SOCIAL POLICY AND GENDER RETHINKING EQUALITY AND EFFICIENCY EDITED BY MIRANDA STEWART Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Stewart, Miranda, 1968- editor. Title: Tax, social policy and gender : rethinking equality and efficiency / Miranda Stewart. ISBN: 9781760461478 (paperback) 9781760461485 (ebook) Subjects: Taxation--Government policy--Australia. Income tax--Law and legislation--Australia. Equality before the law--Australia. Gender mainstreaming--Australia. Women--Taxation--Law and legislation--Australia. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press This edition © 2017 ANU Press Contents List of figures . vii List of tables . xi List of acronyms . xv Contributors . xix Preface and acknowledgements . .. xxi Foreword . xxv 1 . Gender inequality in Australia’s tax-transfer system . 1 Miranda Stewart Part I: Frameworks for gender analysis 2 . Australian tax-transfer policies and taxing for gender equality: Comparative perspectives and reform options . .. 35 Kathleen Lahey 3 . Gender equity in the tax-transfer system for fiscal sustainability . 69 Patricia Apps 4 . Gender equality and a rights-based approach to tax reform . 99 Helen Hodgson and Kerrie Sadiq Part II: Work and care 5 . Taxes, transfers, family policies and paid work over the female life cycle .
    [Show full text]