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Research Paper Title Quasi-Religious Personality Cult of Lenin’s Author MISS SUREEPORN DETTONGCHAN Degree Bachelor of Arts Major Field Faculty University Russian Studies Liberal Arts Thammasat University Research Paper Advisor KANTASSA Academic Years
The objective of the research, Quasi-Religious Personality Cult of Lenin is used for studying the origin and factors which affect personality cult of Vladimir Lenin to quasi- This study of this research uses theory of psychology, sociology, religious studies and political ideology From hypothesis, quasi-religious feature of Lenin’s personality cult is a result of situation in Russian Empire during transitional period starvation, state of war, oppression and lack of land for cultivation that provisional government couldn’t resolve problems quickly and effectively influential because of a personality in keeping with charis According to the result, the origin and factors which cause personality cult of Lenin to quasi-religious cult is not only from Lenin’s charismatic leadership style or situation in Russian Empire, but also other incidences, such as the assassination of Lenin by Fanny Kaplan which causes Russian sympathize and praise Lenin, Propaganda attempt by Communist Party of the Soviet about personality cult, along with persuasion and attitude form government and people
Cult of Personality, Quasi-Religious, Charismatic Leadership 4)
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1 Vladimir Lenin - Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov) Bolshevik Communist Party of the Soviet Union) Aleksandr Kerensky Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) 2 Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev - Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin - 3 , : 2556), 150 4 : 2
852 Wladilena Leninia) 5 political religion) 6 quasi-religious) “ 8 ”
5 Anita Pisch, The personality cult of Stalin in Soviet posters, 1929 - 1953 : archetypes, inventions and fabrications Canberra: ANU Press 54 6 Robert Service, Lenin: A Biography : Macmillan, 2000), George Washington - 8 Nina Tumarkin, Lenin Lives! The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia : Harvard 3
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) Marriam-Webster Urban Dictionary Cambridge Dictionary 10 Joseph Stalin) 11 Jan Plamper
Joseph Stalin - ) Ioseb Dzhugashvili) 10 Frank Dikotter, How to Be a Dictator: The Cult of Personality in the Twentieth Century 11 xii- 6
12 quasi- ) 13 Paul Tillich) Christianity and the Encounter of the World Religions ) ) UNESCO)
12 , The Oxford handbook of the history of communism Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 341- 13 Paul Tillich 1886- -
14 ) Cambridge Dictionary Collins Marriam-Webster
) Handbook of Leadership 15
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16 Richard Sennett, The Fall of Public Man - , : - 56 18 “ ,” , - : 18-
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23 , : 24 , : - 25 Iconography of power: Soviet Political Posters under Lenin and Stalin, ) 26 : 11
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1 Fanny Kaplan) Hammer and Sickle “ ” 2 Grigory Zinoviev) 3 Leon Trotsky) 4 Nikolai Bukharin) Richard Stites
1 Fanny Kaplan - ) Feiga Haimovna Roytblat Socialist Revolutionary Party SRs) 2 Grigory Zinoviev 1883- - Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich Radomyslsky) Third International Comintern - 3 Leon Trotsky - Lev Davidovich Bronstein Ramón Mercader 4 Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin 1888- - 13
5 6 vozhd’ vozhd’ 8 vozhd’ Leninist anti-Leninist
5 Frank Dikotter, How to Be a Dictator: The Cult of Personality in the Twentieth Century Bloomsbury Publishin - 6 Kevin Morgan, International Communism and the Cult of the Individual: Leaders, Tribunes and Martyrs under Lenin and Stalin, ), 65- Tsar) 8 Iconography of Power: Soviet Political Posters Under Lenin and Stalin, California : 14
“ man of the people)”
10 Lev Kamenev) Michelson Factory) Lenin Factory) “ To The Workers Of The Former Michelson 11 Plant)
10 Lev Kamenev 1883- ) Lev Borisovich Rozenfeld - - 11 Vladimir Lenin, “To The Workers Of The Former Michelson Plant,” Marxists Internet Archive, accessed February 8, 2020, 15
“ ” swelled head 12 Anatoly Lunacharsky) “ 13 ” 14 Nadezhda Krupskaya) Pravda 15
12 Anatoly Lunacharsky - ) Anatoly Aleksandrovich Antonov “ staunch fighter)” 13 Nina Tumarkin, Lenin Lives! The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia 105 14 Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya - 15 : 16
16 “ secular religion)” “ Stalin is the Lenin of today)” 18 “ ”
16 Tumakin, Lenin Lives! 18 Orlando Figes, Revolutionary Russia, 1891-1991, London: Penguin Group, 2014)
20
Tumakin, Lenin Lives!, 20 18
Soldatskaya Pravda 1 Mikhail Olminsky Sotsial-Demokrat)
1 Nina Tumarkin, Lenin Lives!: The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia -80
2 Aleksandr Ulyanov) Ten Days That Shook the World John Reed Fyodor Kerensky) Alexander Kerensky
2 Aleksandr Ilyich Ulyanov - ) Narodnaya Volya 20
3 “ Vladimir Ilyich Lenin: Life and work)” Vladimir Zevin Georgii Golikov “ 4 ” “ ” “ 5 ” “ ” Vladimir Mayakovsky “ 6 ” “ Komsomol song)”
3 Orlando Figes, Revolutionary Russia, 1891-1991, London: Penguin Group, 2014) 4 : , 61 5 6 -1991: , : 21
‘ ’ ‘ ’- ‘ ’ ‘ ’- - - - “ Lenin lived, Lenin lives, Lenin will live)” Moisei Nappelbaum) - François-Xavier Coquin “ ”
Iconography of power: Soviet Political Posters under Lenin and Stalin, ), 143 22
, https russiainphoto ru exhibitions #1 “ Leader of the Revolutionary Proletariat)” Mikhail Cheremnykh 23
“ The Capitalists Cry Out)” “ Once upon a Time the Bourgeoisie Lived Well)” “ The Worker Threw Out the Capitalist)” podium Gustav Klutsis “ Electrification of the Whole Country)” “ Long Live the International Proletarian Revolution)”
2 Electrification of the Whole Country rdorgan-gustav-klustis-electrification- of-the 24
“ - ! Il’ich dies-Lenin lives!)” “ ! ! ! Lenin is dead! Leninism lives! Leninism will triumph!)” Robert Tucker 8 “ ” icon) State Cinematography Committee of the Council of Ministers Goskino
8 Ibid., 158. Kievan Rus) 25
10 11 12
Felix Dzerzhinsky “
10 Ellen Propper Mickiewicz, Media and the Russian publc, 11 12 Richard Taylor, -1929 26
” “ ” “ Sergius of Radonezh 13 Seraphim of Sarov ” Volkovo Cemetery Leonid Krasin) Commission for Immortalization
, a_ shtml
13 Victor Sebestyen, Lenin the Dictator, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 201 )
Georgii Alekseev 14 Aleksey Kotikhin 15 Vasily Kozlov) 16 Maria Ulyanova) Ulyanovsk Kazan Moscow
14 Bonnell, Iconography of power 15 Vasily Kozlov - 16 “Lenin Monuments,” Rusmania, accessed March13 - 28
, https tourism restexpert com russia place lenin-monument-volgograd Volgograd) Yevgeny Vuchetich - Ulan-Ude - “ 18 The Head)” Havana)
18 “Colina Lenin,” Atlas Obscura, accessed March 13, 2020, -
, -lenin ) Church of Christ the Savior 30
, -stalinskaia-vysotka-trudnaia-sudba- dvortsa-sovietov Boris Iofan 20 wedding-cake) Empire State Building
20 David Hoffman, “STALIN'S 'SEVEN SISTERS',” The Washington Post, accessed March 30, 2020, stalins-seven- fd-fd -4458- c- 638d13 31
- 21 3.3.3 ) Lenin Institute - Institute of Marxism-Leninism Vladimir Sorin Lenin Collections Lenin Collected Works 22 Istpart Nina Tumarkin)
21 Jack McManus, “History's Most Notorious Unfinished Buildings,” ArchDaily, accessed March 30, -most-notorious-unfinished- 22 : 32
3.3.4 ) 23 Main Political and Educational Committee of the People's Commissariat of Education of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic Glavpolitprosvet Central Peasants’ House
23 Tumarkin, Lenin Lives! 33
24
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- , kak-v- sssr-poiavilis-samaia-vysshaia-i-samaia-massovaia-naghrady Heroes of the Soviet Union Hero of Socialist Labour Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union 25 3.4 Lenin Prize - -
24 Ibid 25 The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Order of Lenin,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed -of- 34
26 International Lenin Peace Prize Indira Gandhi Josef Weber)
26 “In the Ulyanovsk region have revived the Lenin prize,” Russia News -the-ulyanovsk-region-have-revived- the-lenin- “Lenin Peace Prize Awarded To Indira Gandhi, Others,” AP News, accessed February 26, 2020, 35
monotheism “ )” Robert Service University of Oxford Lenin: A Biography “ He is a god to some, an evil to other)” 1
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- 10 Nina Tumarkin, Lenin Lives!: The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia - 11 Ibid, 4-
12 13 14
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12 13 Ibld, 5 14 Ibid 15 Pascal Boyer, Religion Explained: The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought New york: Basic Books, 2001), 40
16
18
16 18 “The Soviet National Anthem,” 41
“And The Battle Is Going Again )” “Lenin Is Young Again”
42
5.1 ) 1 Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania) Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness GLOBE 2
1 : 2 - 43
Claremont McKenna College McGill University 3
3 , 51- 44
4 Max Weber) 5 Sigmund Freud) 6
4 Max Weber 1864- 5 Sigmund Freud - ) psychoanalysis) 6 Richard Sennett, The Fall of Public Man - 45
5.1.2 attitude Socialization 8 Polarization 5.1.3 persuasion Carl Hovland) who say what to 10 whom)
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11 sleeper effect) 12 13 18-
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15 Russification 16
14 - 15 The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality,” Britannica, accessed April 14, 2020, -Autocracy-and-Nationality 16 Edward Louis Keenan , “Russia,” Britannica, accessed April 14, 2020, Lenin, On Religion: 18, quoted in Alan Woods, “Marxism and Religion,” accessed April 14, 2020, -religion-liberation-theology htm 48
18 Gustave Le Bon)
1917 20 Petrograd) “ Down with the War)” “ Down with 21 the Tsarist Government)” “ emblems of
18 Gustave Le Bon 1841- ) : : 20 Saint Petersburg 21 - the Central Powers) - the Allied Powers Archduke Franz Ferdinand - Gavrilo Princip - Bosnia Herzegovina)
slavery)” 22 23 24 ruble) 25 26 “ Bread, Peace, and Land)” “ All the power to the Soviet)” imperialist’ war Decree on Land Decree on Peace)
22 Steve Smith, The Russian Revolution 23 24 ruble 25 - 26 Siobhan Peeling, “Decree on Peace,” International Encyclopedia of the First World War, accessed - - 27 Smith, The Russian Revolution 50
28 - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk “ shameful peace)”
28 Orlando Figes, Revolutionary Russia, 1891-1991, London: Penguin Group, 2014), 51
52
53
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10 , 2560 , , , , , , , 2562 , 2555 , 2556 “ ” , - - , 2523 , 2544 , 2562 , 2546 , 2544 ,
: - : , 2553 : : , 2553 Anita Pisch The personality cult of Stalin in Soviet posters, - archetypes, inventions and fabrications 2016 Ellen Propper Mickiewicz Media and the Russian publc New York: Praeger, How to Be a Dictator: The Cult of Personality in the Twentieth London: Bloomsbu International Communism and the Cult of the Individual: Leaders, Tribunes and Martyrs under Lenin and Stalin Macmillan Publishers, Harvard University Press - Pascal Boyer Religion Explained: The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought New york: Basic Books, 2001 Richard Sennett The Fall of Public Man Richard Taylor The politics of the Soviet cinema, - International studies Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1 The Oxford handbook of the history of communism Oxford: Oxford University Press, Steve Smith The Russian Revolution A Very Short Introduction New York: Oxford University Press 2002 The Dilemmas of Lenin: Terrorism, War, Empire, Love, Revolution
Verso, Iconography of Power: Soviet Political Posters Under Lenin and University of Lenin the Dictator
“ ” accessed March1 - David Hoffman “STALIN'S 'SEVEN SISTERS' ” The Washington Post accessed March 30, 2020 stalins- seven- fd-fd -4458- c638d13 “Russia,” Britannica accessed April 14, 2020 Jack McManus “History's Most Notorious Unfinished Buildings ” ArchDaily accessed March 30, 2020 historys-most-notorious- unfinished- “Lenin Monuments Accessed -monuments “Lenin Peace Prize Awarded To Indira Gandhi, Others ” AP News accessed February 26, 2020 a6c4dacf203528d baa2ebe c a “In the Ulyanovsk region have revived the Lenin prize ” Russia News Today accessed February 26, 2020 in- the-ulyanovsk-region-have-revived-the- Siobhan Peeling “Decree on Peace ” International Encyclopedia of the First World War accessed April 21, 2020 - - The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica “Order of Lenin ” Encyclopaedia Britannica accessed February 26, 2020 -of-Lenin
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality ” Britannica accessed April 14, 2020 -Autocracy-and- “The Soviet National Anthem 12, 2020
2540 2548-2553) 2554- )