El Sahel Celebrada En Bruselas El Pasado 23 De Febrero

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El Sahel Celebrada En Bruselas El Pasado 23 De Febrero Los jefes de Estado y Gobierno de la Unión Europea y de la iniciativa G5 Sahel durante la primera Conferencia Internacional para el Sahel celebrada en Bruselas el pasado 23 de febrero. [ internacional ] Comprometidos con EL SAHEL La Unión Europea da su respaldo institucional a la Fuerza Conjunta G5 de cinco países sahelianos y crea formalmente la Alianza Sahel para la cooperación S, quizás, la zona del planeta cadas en el área. Pero, en esta ocasión, la el corazón de África es clave para la vida más idónea para que los de- comunidad internacional, y, sobre todo, de los africanos, la seguridad de todo el predadores del terrorismo y la vecina Europa, sabe que tiene que ac- continente y la paz de todos y cada uno la delincuencia organizada tuar antes de que los yihadistas puedan de nosotros. Eencuentren donde anidar. Y buscar nue- hacerse con el poder en un estado o te- «No puede haber paz sin desarrollo», vas presas. Sus inmensos e inescrutables rritorio. Y, la experiencia ha demostrado afirmó contundente Federica Mogherini desiertos, fronteras porosas, gobiernos que debe hacerlo con un enfoque global en la primera Conferencia Internacional débiles, lacras del cambio climático, en el que se aúnen esfuerzos militares para el Sahel celebrada el pasado día 23 hambrunas, y una población muy jo- con los económicos, políticos y de ayuda de febrero en Bruselas. Además de los ven y cansada de no tener futuro hacen al desarrollo y en el que se compartan jefes de Estado o Gobierno de todos del Sahel un lugar inseguro e indómito. esfuerzos y éxitos con los países del área. los países europeos y de los integrantes Además, la derrota de Daesh en Irak y El futuro del Sahel tiene que rediseñarse de la denominada Iniciativa G5 Sahel Siria ha obligado a sus miembros a bus- con unos gobiernos y unas Fuerzas Ar- (Chad, Malí, Burkina Faso, Maurita- car nuevos territorios y, muchos de ellos, madas capaces de garantizar la seguri- nia y Níger) asistieron representantes han escuchado la llamada de sus correli- dad de sus 135 millones de habitantes. de otros 20 países no pertenecientes a gionarios de Al Qaeda asentados hace dé- Establecer un cinturón de estabilidad en la UE —entre ellos, los miembros de la 48 Revista Española de Defensa Marzo 2018 Pepe Díaz Consejo Europeo Los jefes de Estado y Gobierno de la Unión Europea y de la iniciativa G5 Sahel durante la primera Conferencia Internacional para el Sahel celebrada en Bruselas el pasado 23 de febrero. Militares del ejército maliense —adiestrados por EUTM-Malí— en Koulikoro. Coalición Militar Islámica Antiterroris- CONTRIBUCIÓN Y APOYO adiestramiento (las Fuerzas Armadas de ta, liderada por Arabia Saudí—, Nacio- Durante la reunión de Bruselas también los países G5 están formadas casi exclu- nes Unidas, la Unión Africana y las más se saldaron compromisos para financiar sivamente por fuerzas terrestres y sus importantes organizaciones humanita- la Fuerza G5 por un monto total de 414 capacidades son limitadas). Las Nacio- rias desplegadas en la zona. En la rueda millones de euros, de los que 135 pro- nes Unidas ya autorizaron el pasado ve- de prensa conjunta tras la Conferencia, vienen directamente de los fondos de la rano a su misión en Malí (MINUSMA) la Alta Representante de la Política UE (lo que más que duplica los 50 de- a prestar apoyo operativo y logístico a Exterior anunció el respaldo explícito positados inicialmente el pasado mes de la Fuerza Conjunta en su área de ac- de Europa al componente militar de la junio). Con las contribuciones de los es- tuación, y durante la reunión celebrada Iniciativa, la Fuerza Conjunta G5 Sahel tados miembros, la ayuda europea para en la capital belga, el Consejo Europeo (FCG5S). Esta unidad, cuya puesta en el componente militar del G5 asciende a estudió la posibilidad de apoyar el adies- marcha recibió el visto bueno de las Na- 176 millones. También se tomaron me- tramiento de la G5 desde EUTM-Malí, ciones Unidas el pasado mes de junio didas concretas para su equipación y lo que podría incluir la consiguiente mo- con la Resolución 2359 dificación del mandato y alcanzará la operati- para dotar a la misión vidad plena en el primer europea de alcance re- semestre de este año, tie- gional. Además, países ne como misión actuar como Francia, Alema- como una fuerza trans- nia, Italia o Canadá fronteriza para luchar han ofrecido aporta- contra el terrorismo, el ciones de equipamien- tráfico ilegal y el crimen to y logística. El presi- organizado; restaurar la dente del Gobierno es- autoridad del Estado; pañol, Mariano Rajoy, facilitar las operaciones confirmó que España de ayuda humanitaria; y contribuirá con mate- contribuir al desarrollo. rial de protección que Estará integrada inicial- entregará al batallón mente por 5.500 efec- mauritano y ha ofreci- tivos entre soldados y do que el avión desple- policías (el objetivo final gado en Malí dentro es llegar a los 10.000) del operativo de la ope- distribuidos en siete ba- ración Barkhane realice tallones de 650 militares también vuelos logís- (uno de cada país del G5 ticos de apoyo para la Sahel, salvo Malí y Ní- Helmut Fohringer/EFE Fuerza Conjunta (un ger que aportan dos). Una mujer espera que se inicie el reparto de alimentos en el norte de Níger. respaldo valorado en Marzo 2018 Revista Española de Defensa 49 [ internacional ] 7,5 millones de euros anuales). También habrá colaboración española tanto en la gestión como en el profesorado para el Colegio de Defensa del G5, en Nuak- chot (Mauritania). El presidente nigeriano y responsable de turno de esta iniciativa conjunta, Is- soufou Mahaadou, incidió en la necesi- dad «de hacer perennes estos esfuerzos» y recordó que desarrollo y seguridad van de la mano. Su premisa quedó más que patente con la creación institucional durante la Conferencia de la denomina- da Alianza Sahel, una asociación para financiar medidas de ayuda al desarro- llo y complementar la seguridad en un concepto de estabilidad integrador. La iniciativa —lanzada el pasado verano por Francia— contó también desde el PANAPRESS/EFE primer momento como socios fundado- res con Alemania, la Unión Europea, Rebeldes tuareg del norte de Malí en una reunión celebrada en Sabha (Libia). el Banco Mundial, el Banco Africano de Desarrollo (BAD) y el Programa Yihadismo en el desierto de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo L vacío del Estado, el hambre y el desierto son el oxígeno del terrorismo» afirma el (PNUD), y ahora se han sumado Es- Ediplomático español Ángel Losada, representante especial de la UE para el Sahel. paña, Italia y Reino Unido. Durante la Y no hay duda de ello. Hace ahora un año, el 2 de marzo de 2017, los tres movimien- reunión de Bruselas se recaudó un mon- tos yihadistas más importantes que operan en la zona anunciaron que se fusionaban tante global de 6.000 millones de euros creando un nuevo grupo considerado ya una de las organizaciones terroristas más puestos a disposición de los países del sólidas de África. Se trata de Jammat Nasr al Islam wal Mouslimin, al mando del tuareg G5 para ejecutar más de 500 proyectos maliense Iyad Ag Ghali. En el vídeo en el que sus líderes anunciaban al mundo su de aquí al 2022. Todos ellos interven- creación (cuya estética y divulgación recordaban los años más sórdidos de Bin Laden) drán en seis sectores prioritarios para la juraron fidelidad a Al Qaeda y adoptaron el intimidante lema de «una bandera, una zona: empleo juvenil; desarrollo rural y organización, un emir». Como indica el informe sobre terrorismo del Instituto de Estu- seguridad alimentaria; energía y clima; dios Estratégicos británico (IISS), «el corazón del yihadismo del Sahel late en Malí». gobernanza; descentralización y acceso En concreto, los tres movimientos que se han fusionado son Ansar Dine (comanda- a los servicios básicos; y seguridad. Tam- do por Ghali, fue creado a principios de la década y tuvo un incuestionable protagonis- bién, de una y otra manera, respaldarán mo en la ocupación del norte de Malí en el año 2012); Al Qaeda del Magreb Islámico, y complementarán el proyecto de la al mando de Djarmel Okacha, alias Yahia Abou el Hamman y que cuenta entre sus filas Unión Africana conocido Gran Muralla con la katiba (brigada) del famoso terrorista Mojtar Belmojtar; y el Frente de Liberación Verde del Sáhara y Sahel, cuyo objetivo de Macina, un movimiento creado hace apenas dos años en Malí y liderado por el es revertir la degradación de la tierra y la imán Amadou Koufa. Unos días después de la divulgación del vídeo, el 11 de marzo desertificación. Lo harán construyendo de 2017, realizaron su primera acción atacando un puesto de control militar al norte un muro arbolado de 15 kilómetros de de la capital, Bamako, y matando a once soldados malienses. Desde entonces, sus ataques se han mantenido en un constante goteo de muerte y terror —el pasado 20 ancho como parte de un programa de de febrero dos militares franceses de la operación Barkhane fueron asesinados con un desarrollo rural en las zonas fronterizas artefacto que explosionó al paso de su vehículo— que se ha extendido por los países con el desierto. vecinos. En la actualidad y según datos de la Secretaría de Estado norteamericana, el nuevo grupo se está implantando no sólo en la región de Azawad sino también en TRABAJO CONJUNTO el centro de Malí, las provincias occidentales de Níger, el desierto de Mauritania y el En Malí, los rebeldes terroristas se hi- oeste de Burkina Faso. cieron en 2012 con una extensa área del En opinión del IISS, esta nueva estrategia de los acólitos de Al Qaeda para sumar norte del país (la región de Azawad, que fuerzas es, en buena medida, consecuencia de la guerra interna entre las dos faccio- llegó a alcanzar los 800.000 kilómetros nes terroristas.
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