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Striving to Persist: Museum Digital Exhibition and Digital Catalogue Production

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Striving to Persist: Museum Digital Exhibition and Digital Catalogue Production =m≤≥Title Page Striving to Persist: Museum Digital Exhibition and Digital Catalogue Production by Aisling Quigley BA, Carleton College, 2009 MLIS, University of Pittsburgh, 2014 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the School of Computing and Information in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2019 Committee Membership Page UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION This dissertation was presented by Aisling Quigley It was defended on April 9, 2019 and approved by Sheila Corrall, Professor, School of Computing and Information Dr. Erin Peters, Joint Lecturer and Assistant Curator, History of Art and Architecture and Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh Dr. Stacy Wood, Assistant Professor, School of Computing and Information Dissertation Director: Dr. Alison Langmead, Clinical Associate Professor and Director, Visual Media Workshop, History of Art and Architecture; Associate Professor, School of Computing and Information ii Copyright © by Aisling Quigley 2019 iii Abstract Striving to Persist: Museum Digital Exhibition and Digital Catalogue Production Aisling Quigley, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2019 Although museum automation emerged in the mid-1960s, American and British art museums continue to have a difficult relationship with digital technology. Indeed, within the broader cultural heritage network, art museums have been particularly reluctant to disseminate their missions online. Particularly since the eighteenth century, art museums have remained beholden to certain perceptions of authority that are tied to the authentic object. Yet, as new technologies offer more efficient and cost-effective ways to store and disseminate information and promise greater accessibility, these museums have continued in their efforts to incorporate digital methods into their practices. The following document considers the role of information organization in the creation of knowledge and value within and beyond the space of the art museum by interrogating two major scholarly products of the well-endowed, early 21st century Western art museum’s ecosystem: online catalogues and online exhibitions. Given their contexts, the questions sustaining this research converge at the junction of three major areas: the new museology movement, exhibition culture, and museum computing. Public-facing, museum-based digital scholarship practices have emerged fairly recently (mostly from the mid-1990s onwards). The impact of these practices within the space of the art museum has not yet received a critical treatment, so the costs and benefits of this new mode of interpretation and production remain a mystery. In this study, the author first defines physical exhibitions and catalogues to contextualize their digital counterparts, and building on this, examines two sites in depth using a case study iv approach. Although The Gallery of Lost Art and On Performativity are inherently different in that one represents an online exhibition and the other an online catalogue, they shared overlapping lifespans and emerged in similar technological and museological landscapes. They also documented ephemeral artworks. The data collected throughout demonstrates the significance of socio-technical infrastructures and project management approaches, and how museums have struggled to adapt these practices to produce new information outputs. Museum computing seems to remain “disruptive” in 2019. Rather than revolutionizing through decentralization or democratization, computing seems to disrupt the mechanisms occurring behind the scenes in an art museum. v Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Significance of Study ...................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Research Questions ........................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Definitional Introduction ............................................................................................... 6 1.3.1 Digital Scholarship .............................................................................................. 6 1.3.2 The Exhibition ..................................................................................................... 7 1.3.3 The Online Exhibition ........................................................................................ 8 1.3.4 The Catalogue .................................................................................................... 11 1.3.5 The Online Catalogue ....................................................................................... 12 1.4 Sites of Study ................................................................................................................. 13 1.4.1 The Gallery of Lost Art ...................................................................................... 13 1.4.2 On Performativity ............................................................................................... 17 1.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 19 2.0 Review of the Literature ....................................................................................................... 23 2.1 Historicizing the Museum and its Scholarship .......................................................... 27 2.1.1 The New Museology .......................................................................................... 29 2.1.2 Museum Governance ........................................................................................ 35 2.2 Computing in Museums ............................................................................................... 38 2.2.1 History and Developments ............................................................................... 38 2.3 Authority and the Authoritative Voice ....................................................................... 45 vi 2.3.1 The Curator ....................................................................................................... 46 2.3.2 The Unidirectional Model and the Internet .................................................... 54 2.4 The “Object” Document .............................................................................................. 57 2.4.1 The Document ................................................................................................... 57 2.4.2 The Physical Object .......................................................................................... 60 2.4.3 The Digital Object and Information ................................................................ 63 2.5 Reconceptualizing Value .............................................................................................. 68 2.5.1 Distributed Knowledge Creation ..................................................................... 68 2.5.2 Collaboration and Co-Curation ....................................................................... 71 2.5.3 Meaning-Making ............................................................................................... 73 2.6 Modes of Interpretation and Mediated Experiences ................................................. 79 2.6.1 The Performance ............................................................................................... 80 2.6.2 The Context ....................................................................................................... 83 2.6.3 The Online Exhibition ...................................................................................... 88 2.7 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 94 3.0 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 95 3.1 The Researcher’s Role ................................................................................................. 96 3.2 The Environmental Scan ............................................................................................. 97 3.2.1 Data Sources .................................................................................................... 102 3.3 Case Study Approach ................................................................................................. 107 3.3.1 Data Sources .................................................................................................... 110 3.3.2 The Institutional Review Board ..................................................................... 114 4.0 Environmental Scan............................................................................................................ 115 vii 4.1 Data Analysis .............................................................................................................. 116 4.1.1 Exhibition Typologies ..................................................................................... 117 4.1.1.1 Supplementary Online Exhibitions .................................................... 124 4.1.1.2 Stand-alone Online Exhibitions .......................................................... 141 4.1.2 Collections ........................................................................................................ 147 4.1.3 Online Exhibition Catalogues .......................................................................
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