Looking Askance at Bob Krueger Focusing by Pat Black Two Cars Stop in Front of a Frame House in a Quiet West Austin Neighborhood

A Journal of Free Voices March 17, 1978 500

Looking askance at Bob Krueger Focusing By Pat Black Two cars stop in front of a frame house in a quiet West Austin neighborhood. The stillness of the hour before dawn blunts the sting of the cold weather. Four young men are met at the door by Tom Henderson, who is dressed in a bright red bathrobe. The Texas Henderson offers to make a pot of coffee, but the visitors have been wrenched out of sleep too early and are wary of OBSERVER shocking their bodies any more than necessary right now. No e The Texas Observer Publishing Co., 1978 coffee. The host pads back and forth from the kitchen to the Ronnie Dugger, Publisher spare bedroom to see if Bob Krueger will be able to face the day's outing despite a cold and less than four hours' rest. Vol. 70, No. 5 March 17, 1978 We will go. Krueger emerges and greets everyone. He and the young men about to leave with him have on jeans, cowboy Incorporating the State Observer and the East Texas Demo- boots, and heavy coats. crat, which in turn incorporated the Austin Forum-Advocate. The battered gray station wagon is loaded, and three men EDITOR Jim Hightower drive off. The two others follow in a compact. There is still no MANAGING EDITOR Lawrence Walsh sign of the rising sun. A group more typical of Texas would be ASSOCIATE EDITOR Linda Rocawich leaving on a deer hunt. But these men are off on a hunting trip EDITOR.AT LARGE Ronnie Dugger of their own–the quarry is a seat in the United States Senate. ASSISTANT EDITORS: Colin Hunter, Teresa Acosta, Vicki Vaughan By now, most Texans know Bob Krueger as the young con- PRODUCTION MANAGERS: Susan Lee, Susan Reid gressman from New Braunfels whose attempts to free the oil STAFF ASSISTANTS: Margaret Watson, Bob Sindennann, Cathy and gas industry of government regulation have won him a Stevens, Debbie Wormser, Margot Beutler, Leah Miller, Connie Lar- measure of national prominence which, in turn, has become the son. David Guarino, Beth Epstein, Beverly Palmer, Harris Worcester, base for an assault on Republican Senator John Tower's office. Gerald McLeod, Larry Zinn, Janie Leigh Frank, Katherine Sicard Krueger is touted as a new star of New South politics, and by CONTRIBUTORS: Kaye Northcott, Jo Clifton, Dave McNeely, Don his own admission he is working his way steadily toward a try Gardner, Warren Burnett, Rod Davis, Paul Sweeney, Marshall Breger, for the White House. Jack Hopper, Stanley Walker, Joe Frantz, Ray Reece, Laura Eisenhour, Dan Hubig, Ben Sargent, Berke Breathed, Eje Wray, The task at hand is not to figure out who Bob Krueger is, but Luther Sperberg, Roy Hamric, Thomas D. Bleich, Mark Stinson, Ave Sonar, Jeff Danziger, Lois Rankin, Maury Maverick Jr., Bruce Cory, what he is. Many Southern liberals have been persuaded to John Henry Faulk, Chandler Davidson, Molly Ivins, Ralph Yar- support candidates like Krueger—Jimmy Carter comes to borough, Laura Richardson, Eric Hartman, Tim Mahoney, John Spra- mind—because their New South moderation on civil rights gens Jr. seems to promise more progressive leadership than that pro- BUSINESS STAFF: Cliff Olafson, Alice Einbree, Ricky vided by the embarrassing Bourbon politicians the South has Cruz sent to Washington for the past hundred years. In Bob Krueger's case, however, it is a false promise—behind his per- A journal of free voices sonal charm and just underneath the measured gracefulness of We will serve no group or party but will hew hard to the truth as we his campaign rhetoric, there stands a moderate-conservative on find it and the right as we see it We are dedicated to the whole truth, to human values above all interests, to the rights of humankind as the social issues and a bedrock conservative on economic issues. foundation of democracy; we will take orders from none but our own conscience, and never will we overlook or misrepresent the truth to The path to politics serve the interests of the powerful or cater to the ignoble in the human spirit. Krueger's family settled near New Braunfels in the 1840s as The editor has exclusive control over the editorial policies and con part of a wave of German immigrants who came to the Texas tents of the Observer. None of the other people who are associated Hill Country. Over the course of several generations, members with the enterprise shares this responsibility with him. Writers are of the family made the transition from small farmers to prosper- responsible for their own work, but not for anything they have not themselves written, and in publishing them the editor does not neces- ous businessmen. sarily imply that he agrees with them because this is a journal offree Brothers Arlon and Ben Krueger opened a Buick dealership voices. in New Braunfels in 1928 and kept adding franchises until they Published by Texas Observer Publishing Co., biweekly except for a three-week inter- had an exclusive hold on General Motors products sold in the val between issues twice a year, in January and July; 25 issues per year. Second-class town. The brothers reportedly became wealthy through sharp postage paid at Austin, Texas. Publication no. 541300. Single copy (current or back issue) 5042 prepaid, One year, $12; two years, $22; three trading in the used car market during World War II. years, $30. Foreign, except APO/FPO, $1 additional per year. Airmail, bulk orders, and Arlon Krueger married Faye Leifeste in 1929. Her father had group rates on request. been the school superintendent in Comal County, and she had Microfilmed by Microfilming Corporation of America, 21 Harristown Road, Glen Rock, N.J. 07452. taught in elementary schools before her marriage. The Kruegers first had a daughter, Arlene, and Bob, their second child and Editorial and Business Offices: only son, was born in 1935. 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701 (512) 477-0746 Following the custom of old Hill Country families, Bob grew up speaking both German and English. Several childhood

2 MARCH 17, 1978 It senator is y-comen in? Loude sing, cuckoo? in on Krueger of Texas

teaching career would only be a prelude to a race for high political office. "I decided as an absolute that I'd do it," he says. "I didn't have a timetable. I was always interested in a national office." This decision made, Krueger's actions fell into line, though he did leave room for accidents of fate. For one thing, he thought he would have to become a university president to gain the stature to make a race for Congress. Events would allow him to skip that step. Oxford conferred a B.Litt. degree on Krueger in 1961, and the English department at Duke gave him a job. He returned to Oxford for the 1963-64 school year to complete his doctoral dissertation on the late-Elizabethan poet, Sir John Davies. His work led ultimately to the publication of a new edition of Davies's poetry, edited jointly by Krueger and Ruby Nemser, whose Harvard dissertation was also on Davies. Though Krueger chose not to devote himself to scholarship, he prospered on the Duke campus. He became a popular teacher as a result of his polished lectures and his cultivation of personal touches such as holding classes outdoors on sunny days. Krueger's first political success came in the 1967-68 academic year when he was chairman of a committee charged with writing a new curriculum for Duke. A similar project had been undertaken a few years earlier, but the quiet history professor then behind it lacked the savvy to win approval for his committee's scheme in the faculty senate. Krueger pushed his plan through in spite of outraged opposition from several department chairmen. Although he was responsible for this bit of educational reform, Krueger wasn't anyone's idea of an activist at Duke. He left it to others to fight for the admission of minority students. Krueger simply stood aside in the 1960s while many of his col- leagues worked in the civil rights movement and, denounced the war in Vietnam, often losing their jobs as a consequence. As the decade ended, Krueger was in good shape. He was a nominee for the Duke presidency in 1969, but the job went to Terry Sanford, a former North Carolina governor. Krueger became vice provost and the dean of arts and sciences at Duke in 1972. While dean, he came under consideration for the pres- 3 idency of SMU, his alma mater. While Bob was climbing to the top in the academic profes- sion, his father Arlon was making more money back home in illnesses kept him off athletic teams. Instead, he played trumpet New Braunfels. The two Krueger brothers, Arlon and Ben, had in the high school band. dissolved their partnership in the early 1950s. Ben and his son When Bob went away to Southern Methodist University after set up a separate Chevrolet dealership and gained control of the graduating from New Braunfels High School, Arlon Krueger family ranch. Arlon kept Krueger Motors, with all the remain- urged him to study business administration and become a ing GM brands, and took over the old Faust Hotel. stockbroker. Bob tried that for awhile, then struck out on his On his own, Arlon bought the Comal Hosiery Mill in 1956. own by changing his major to English. Though the Comal operation was dwarfed by the nearby Mis- Krueger graduated from SMU in 1957 and moved on to North sion Valley Cotton Mills, it was still one of the largest busi- Carolina's Duke University, where he received a master's de- nesses in New Braunfels and employed 180 people at its peak. gree in English a year later. In the fall of 1958, he entered Under Krueger management, Comal Hosiery, unlike many Oxford University and immersed himself in Elizabethan litera- Texas mills, never had to contend with union organizers and ture. complaints of racial bias from its employees. The Kruegers His life in England left Krueger with more than a knowledge avoided the second problem by hiring anglo workers, period. of Shakespeare. As an outsider thrown into a society bound by Only after discrimination charges were filed in 1965 did the rigid class divisions, he came to realize just how much opportu- hosiery mill begin to hire minority job applicants as machine nity an ambitious person had in America. By 1960, he knew his operators.

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 3 Problems in New Braunfels hardly The Coryell County Youth Fair is de- fundraising. Krueger's first contact in touched Arlon Krueger's son during the serted at 8:30 on a freezing Saturday the state was Roy Spence, a partner in an 20 years he spent on college campuses, morning. In the pens outside, sheep aggressive young advertising firm in but his situation changed rapidly when clothed in protective white capes and Austin. the father fell ill late in 1972. Bob would hoods look like a gang of woolly While handling media in 1972 for have to take some time off from his Duke Klansmen. The metal exhibits building is Ralph Yarborough's Senate attempt deanship to come home and manage the empty of people but full of pies and and George McGovern's presidential family's affairs. Beyond that, his options cakes and grotesqueries which pass for campaign in Texas, Spence met just the were open. local crafts-plaster statuettes, crocheted sort of people Krueger would need to get pillows, and a photo of Elvis laminated his congressional race off the ground. He decided the time had come to run to a wood plaque. Krueger finds a Krueger was introduced by Spence to for Congress. Faye Krueger and Allaire couple of leathery ranchers to talk with. Garry Mauro and Tom Henderson, George, Bob's administrative aide at Aides John Pouland, Buck Wildman and young lawyers whose friendship went Duke, added their encouragement. Arlon Dave Bolduc decide more people can be back to student government races at Krueger initially protested that politics found in the Gatesville cafes. Texas A&M. was "a dirty business," but relented be- The men return to their cars and head Krueger and his new staff planned fore his death in February of 1973. downtown. Some of Krueger's shyness strategy throughout the rest of 1973. After serving only nine months as a surfaces when he asks Pouland if the Mauro, Henderson and Spence dean, Krueger left Duke to return home cafe owners will object to an intrusion by suggested that what Krueger might best to Texas. He took over as head of the a politician. John reassures him, and do would be to establish an Austin res- family businesses when he arrived in Bob plunges inside-making the rounds idence and run against Jake Pickle. New Braunfels, but he was soon in- from table to table, handing out palm "Krueger said no. He was going to run volved in planning a campaign. A former cards, listening as much as he talks. "All where he came from," Spence says. roommate at SMU, Jim Land, an that I'll promise is that I'll work hard and Where Krueger came from was Texas' economist with a Rice Ph.D. who had stay honest," he tells them. 21st Congressional District, for more worked as an advisor to the Turkish gov- We finally get breakfast at the second than 30 years the fiefdom of 0. C. ernment, became business manager for cafe. Wildman, a Panhandle native, has Fisher, an ultra-conservative Democrat. the Krueger family. put on an often-crushed Stetson and has The 21st stretches across 430 miles of found himself a package of Red Man Texas and is bigger than most states. Arlon Krueger left holdings valued at chewing tobacco. He sticks close to Regardless of party affiliation, only some $2 million to Faye Krueger, and his Krueger while Bolduc and Pouland con- conservative candidates have bothered two children, Arlene Krueger Seales and tact members of the county steering to make serious efforts in the district. Bob Krueger. Over the next few years, committee, dig up the local newspaper The voters—a mixture of San Antonio Land and the Kruegers gradually settled reporter, arrange a radio interview in the suburbanites, Hill Country farmers, the family estate. next town, and check flying conditions West Texas ranchers, and Rio Grande The family divested itself of property for later in the day. Valley Mexican-Americans—have usu- in New Braunfels. Krueger Motors was Krueger returns to the table, and ally given handsome margins to Republi- sold in 1974, the Faust Hotel in 1975, and downs a plate of cold scrambled eggs. can candidates for president and to John the Comal Hosiery Mill in 1976. The He ticks off the names of the farmers Tower for the Senate. hosiery mill went bankrupt and closed a and businessmen he just met. The aides His mind made up, Krueger visited few months after the Kruegers unloaded will see that each receives a personalized Fisher in November of 1973 to announce it. letter-written by a computer in Austin his intentions. Another potential candi- and usually signed by the candidate him- date for the 1974 primary, State Sen. With money from the sale of the busi- self. Nelson Wolff of San Antonio, visited nesses, the family members formed a Fisher immediately afterward. Fisher decided it was time to retire and en- partnership in 1974 and bought a Running for Congress thousand-acre ranch near Land's home dorsed Wolff. in Crockett. Land has since invested His business affairs settled, Krueger Since all four candidates who eventu- Krueger funds in a herd of black Brangus turned in the fall of 1973 to the matter of ally announced for the Democratic pri- cattle and in stock portfolios. The ar- assembling a campaign staff. Allaire mary ran as conservatives, they were left rangements left Bob free to enter poli- George accompanied Krueger back to with little to do but fight over per- tics. Texas and took charge of research and sonalities and rural-urban hostilities.

Ratings by national organizations of Krueger's voting record (Figures represent percentage of Krueger's votes that agree with the positions of the rating organizations) PROGRESSIVE ORGANIZATIONS < > CONSERVATIVE ORGANIZATIONS Americans for Consumer National American Americans for U.S. Year Democratic AFL-CIO Public Federation Farmers Conservative Constitutional Chamber of Action Citizen of America Union Union Action Commerce

1975 32 35 n.a. 0 60 44 64 65 1976 20 50 25 27 50 57 56 60 1977 20* 39 23 25 42 48 52 76 * For some contrast, note that the average House Democrat received a 52 percent rating from ADA in 1977; Krueger even ranked below the average for Southern Democrats (24 percent) and barely beat the average ranking of Republicans (18 percent) or John Tower's ADA score of 15 percent.

4 MARCH 17, 1978 Krueger and his staff tried to convince voters that Wolff was the pawn of "ten powerful men" who ran the San Antonio political machine. Wolff called Krueger an inexperienced upstart. If Krueger didn't have an edge in funding, he did in the quality of his staff work. Attractive red, white and blue billboards and bumperstickers served nicely to build name identification. Rural weeklies were saturated with display ads and well-written news releases. To limit the campaign influence of wealthy donors, federal election law puts a $1,000 ceiling on any individual's contribution to a Senate candidate. It is com- No clear victor emerged in the May mon, however, for a big contributor to get around the law by "pooling" donors— primary, which had drawn other conten- getting family or firm members to chip in contributions of their own, with the ders as well, so Wolff and Krueger had to result that a single contributor can be represented by more than $1,0(X). There is meet in a run-off in June. Each of the two nothing illegal about this, and most candidates welcome the practice. spent about $250,000 in the process, leav- Krueger's campaign larder has been well stocked with such group offerings, ing no financial advantage on either side. mainly from oil interests. The simplest and most common method of assembling The campaign literature proclaimed contributions exceeding $1,000 is for husband and wife each to give the maximum Krueger a "Conservative Democrat" allowed. Krueger has received 46 contributions of $2,000 from husband-and-wife and re-phrased his lifestyle and past in teams (Joe Christie has reported only three such gifts). In addition, there are terms calculated to please the district's dozens of multi-donor contributions from families and firms scattered through voters. To counter the negative image of Krueger's reports, and they add up to a major share of his total contributions. his bachelorhood, brochures described Pooled contributions totaling $2,500 or more each account for a fifth of his cam- Krueger as a "family man" and pictured paign funding to date and have come from just 20 families and corporations: him with his mother, sister, nieces and the neighbor's dog. Rather than make a DONORS BUSINESS CITY AMOUNT to-do about Krueger as an intellectual and professor, his campaign material de- Paul Barnhart family Investments Houston $5,000 scribed him as an "administrator" and L. D. Brinkman executives* Carpets, etc. Dallas & "businessman." Kerrville 5,000 Asked direct questions, Krueger and Centex Corp. executives* Housing his staff gave straight answers on his and families developers Dallas 3,000 stands (such as they were) and his ca- Ernest Cockrell family Investments Houston 5,000 reer. Campaign appearances rarely lend Goldrus Drilling Co. themselves to tough question-and- executives and families Oil Houston 5,000 answer sessions, though, so Krueger was Ralph Greenlee family Investments Dallas & generally free to concentrate on inspira- Midland 5,000 tional messages about character, poten- Hill Petroleum Co. tial and patriotism. executives and family Oil Houston 2,950 The irreducible element in the Krueger Houston Oil & Minerals Corp. strategy was old-fashioned hard cam- executives and family Oil Houston 4,000 paigning. In a district encompassing 32 Harris Kempner family Banking Galveston 3,056 counties, Krueger appeared at 27 county Richard and William Negley Investments, stock shows. He left Mauro in command families builders San Antonio 3,000 of all staff decisions and stayed on the R. H. and W. L. Pickens road day after day, visiting every little families Oil Dallas 4,900 town, speaking to clubs and meeting with Prairie Producing Co. local politicians. It all added up to a nar- executives and family Oil Houston 5,000 row run-off victory over Wolff. Prudential Insurance Co. executives Insurance Houston 2,500 The Krueger campaign could hardly Quintana Drilling Co. have been luckier in the Republicans' executives and family Oil Houston 4,500 choice for an opponent in the general Pat Rutherford family Oil Houston 5,000 election. Doug Harlan was a bachelor, a Sanchez Petroleum Co. political science professor, and an even executives and family Oil Laredo 7,000 younger man than Krueger. Lacking se- Schaefer Homes rious opposition in the Republican pri- executives and family Developers San Antonio 4,000 mary, Harlan had spent little money and Sigmor Corp. executives Oil San Antonio 3,000 had consequently attracted little atten- Vantage Companies and Lexington Real estate tion and name recognition. Capital Group executives developers Dallas 5,000 Once again, the candidates agreed on David Witts family and partner Attorney Dallas 4,000 most issues and were forced to concentrate on images. Once again, Mauro, Henderson and Spence provided im- TOTAL $85,906 pressive staff work for their client. Every voter in the district received a * Krueger has substantial stock holdings in both Centex Corp. and L. D. Brinkman's firm, form letter from Krueger headquarters Giffen Industries. He also has received several smaller contributions from executives of before the primary, run-off and general firms in which he holds stock, including $2,400 from executives of two of Texas' largest bankholding companies—Mercantile Texas Corp. and Texas Commerce Bancshares. (Continued on page 14)

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 5 From our alma mater desk Latest college score:

The•next day, ACU assistant football other way? Coach Tate looked the coach Jerry Wilson went to the club, other way in 1975 when star sophomore but was refused entry. Odis Dolton said, in response to an On Thursday, Bullington called Trull order to have his afro haircut trimmed, again. "[Bullington] said he knew we "Coach, I'll be glad to if you can tell me Abilene hadn't done anything about the poster. why it will make me a better player or a When Walter Dawkins gave an He wanted to know if we were going to better person." ACU coaches managed Abilene bar a poster promoting the take it down and get it back to him. We to look the other way during the 1975 Abilene Christian University basket- told him we were not going to take it football season when star running back ball team on which he was a starting down and had decided to keep it. He Wilbert Montgomery (now a starter for player, he didn't realize he was also said he would take action to get it the Philadelphia Eagles) twice broke ending his collegiate basketball career. back," Trull says. Bullington told Trull • the campus rule against fighting, as did ACU athletes shouldn't be in bars. Dawkins a few months later when he ACU athletic director Wally Bul- put up his dukes in a basketball game. lington heard that the poster graced a Then he asked about buying a membership for himself, saying he'd like to Also that year, campus police looked wall of The Upstairs Club (a private es- the other way when another football tablishment in this dry city), and traced know which ACU athletes were visiting the club; Trull said nothing doing. player and a co-ed were found in the it back to Dawkins. Bullington then backseat of the lad's auto. The couple promptly suspended the 23-year-old The same day, Bullington quizzed ACU basketball players individually was told to get dressed and return to senior guard for the rest of the season. their dorms. (He also suspended Dawkins's about the poster's appearance in the roommate, reserve guard Bill Tuton, bar. Dawkins and Tuton both said they but no one will say that the suspensions knew nothing about it. 1111111111i are related.) Later that day, thinking that the re- ,iltion 111i► The four-by-six-foot poster sporting moval of the poster might relieve the 11111111111111 a team picture and a boast—"Our Pro- pressure on him and his teammates, u gram Is Bigger Than Basketball"—was Dawkins asked Tuton to go to The Up- distributed to selected local businesses stairs Club and take the thing off the to drum up support for ACU's basket- wall. Tuton did. ball program. But the college, a private, 4,000-student institution run by the Thursday evening, Wilson applied Church of Christ, apparently doesn't for membership in the club. On Friday, want the support of a business that he was rejected. serves liquor. In fact, ACU has a rule On Saturday, the team traveled to prohibiting students from even entering Commerce for a game against East such places. (Other college rules pm- Texas State, but Dawkins didn't make scribe cursing, skipping morning chapel, the trip. Apparently, one of his team- and the teaching of Darwinian theories; mates had let coach Willard Tate know one allows college officials to search of Dawkins's involvement with the students' dormitory rooms for various poster and the bar. Dawkins confessed forms of contraband.) at a team meeting on Sunday, saying, "I The tale of Dawkins's undoing begins know I let you down, and I'm even sor- with an influential, unnamed alumnus rier I lied about it." On Monday, he and who told Bullington about the poster, Tuton were suspended for the rest of Itl~U1 II: and involves several grown men— the season. college officials and coaches—who Bullington has refused to talk to re- spent lots of hours tracking down the porters about the suspensions, refer- guilty player and recapturing the ring them to Tate, who will say only, poster. "They were just dismissed for viola- On Tuesday, Jan. 31, the athletic di- tions of team rules . .. I don't have rector phoned Rusty Trull, the manager anything to say." of The . Upstairs Club, and said, "I am It is not clear just why Dawkins, a under the impression you have an ACU well-mannered, well-liked student, is booster club poster in your club." Re- the object of such harsh punishment. It ports Trull, "I told him, 'Yeah.' Then is even less clear in Tuton's case, he says, 'I want you to know that whose offense appears to be trying to poster was stolen. I want that poster protect Dawkins. Why, after several taken down and I want it back. I'll take years of managing to avert their gazes what measures I have to take to get it from unseemly conduct on the part of back if you don't want to give it their athletes, have the coaches—for a back.' " moment, at least—stopped looking the

6 MARCH 17, 1978 Christians 3, Reprobates 0

But Dawkins is philosophical: "I'm The issue—which some under- hurt as badly as I've been hurt in my graduates insist does not concern life. I know, though, that if they really drinking at all, but the right of adult wanted to make an example of me that students to be treated as adults by the it could have been a lot worse. This is a university's governing council—has private school, and sometimes people transformed much of the student body in the background, who supply the into an angry political bloc overnight. Waco money and a lot of the influence, make Students are talking about making Gays have learned that they are not decisions. And some of them feel very welcome at Waco's Baylor University, strongly about the rules here. their anger known at the polls here on May 6. Regent Don Workman is run- the Baptist-affiliated institution of "One thing I forgot, and one thing a ning for Lubbock's state senate seat higher learning better known locally as lot of people here forget, is when I en- being vacated by Kent Hance. (Hance "Jerusalem on the Brazos." rolled here four years ago, I agreed to is a candidate for the congressional seat Recently, university president Abner adhere to the policies of Abilene Chris- opened by the retirement of 78-year-old McCall aborted an attempt to have rep- tian University. I might not agree with George Mahon.) Workman's vote on resentatives of the Dallas Gay Political all of them, but I signed a piece of paper the drinking issue wasn't the only thing Caucus speak on campus. McCall, who saying I would abide by them. I feel he did to irk students. They're also must approve all outside speakers, regret, and I've got to learn by it." angry that he reportedly was whisper- said, "We're not going to furnish a —Richard Justice ing and joking with another regent as forum for them [homosexuals]." students presented their case to the Baylor has no responsibility to provide board. a forum for gays, McCall rationalized, Students have made it clear, too, that since "homosexuality is condemned they recall which governor from uniformly throughout the Old Testa- Uvalde appointed all the current Texas ment and the New Testament." Tech regents and that his name will Permitting the Dallas Gay Political also appear on a ballot this spring. Caucus to speak on campus "would be But observers discount the effect at variance with what Baylor Univer- Lubbock students are likely to have on present sity stands for," the educator said. Score one more knockout punch for or future regent policy on campus McCall safely assumed that Baptists the Baptists over the boozers in their drinking unless they can somehow nul- agreed with his position. The Baptist fifth annual bout at Texas Tech Uni- lify a powerful and resolute religious General Convention, which annually versity in Lubbock. The occasion was lobby. contributes a substantial amount to a vote taken by Tech regents Feb. 3 on The latest campus liquor drive Baylor, officially took a stand against a call to allow the sale and consumption spurred the youth minister of the city's homosexuality during its annual con- of alcohol on campus. The teetotalers largest congregation (which is, of ference last summer. uncorked more than enough clout to course, Baptist) to initiate a behind- Meanwhile, Steve Wilkins, president beat the proposal—it went down seven the-scenes letter-writing campaign. of the Dallas Gay Political Caucus, ex- to one. The effort, students say, provoked a plained that his group has made presen- Regent J. Fred Bucy, who doubles as number of parents to write or phone tations at Texas Christian and Southern president of Texas Instruments, told regents, with threats of reprisals should Methodist universities. "Baylor was the assembled regents that by allowing the students triumph. the first door closed to us," Wilkins Tech students the right to a campus , Regent board chairman Judson said. snort the board would be leading the Williams, an El Paso physician, "Why we were refused is not our school "down the road to liberalism criticized the attempt to "turn this into concern," said Floyd Baker, a member and the socialism that goes with it." a moral-religious campaign," while of the gay caucus. "That's an affair of "I think Tech is in a unique posi- another regent, Hereford radio station the university. The fact that we were tion," he said. (The. school is the only owner Clint Formby, termed the phone refused at all is the sad thing." state-supported university where stu- calls and letters from the anti-liquor Sharon Grisby, editor of the student dents must leave campus for anything faction "intimidating." Although he newspaper, The Baylor Lariat, said let- stronger than ginger ale.) "It is one of had sided with the wets on an earlier ters to the editor supported McCall's the last strongholds of conservatism," vote, he yielded to the pressure and decision by a two-to-one margin. Bucy continued. "If the kids want to go voted dry this time. Still, a Lariat editorial written by to a school where they can get a drink Meanwhile, Tech's drinkers will con- Stacey Robertson, the paper's news on campus, there are plenty of them. tinue to show their IDs and plunk down editor, criticized McCall's action, say- But there is only one place they can't." their change at off-campus saloons. ing that by banning the gays, Baylor Bucy and his fellow regents, with the And few here expect local barkeepers was trading away its duty as a univer- lone exception of Lubbock supermar- to be caught crying in their beer over sity to be socially aware in exchange ket and cafeteria heir Roy K. Furr, the prospect. for the security of its large subsidies made sure of that. —Sylvia Teague from the BGC. THE TEXAS OBSERVER 7 views of profit margins, corporate taxes, and corporate responsibilities." He urged the university to establish a course that would set students straight, especially those majoring in journalism, education, and arts and sciences. "In estab- lishing such a course," he told UT faculty members, "you could count on vir- tually unlimited help from the business community in subject material, guest lec- turers, movie and other visual aids; I myself would welcome the chance to participate. " An untimely death denied Parker the opportunity to help out, but. his idea had already taken root in the engineering school. Early in 1976, the engineering foundation's advisory council issued a proposal to establish an Academic Chair of Free Enterprise in the college. The A corporate easy chair printed proposal sermonized that "the continued growth of America and the By Roger Baker big-firm executives have typically dis- well-being of its citizens largely depend I would advise any manager who missed these challenges as the poisoned upon maintaining and advancing con- lives in a community where there is fruits of public education—there would cepts of free enterprise at the academic be no hue and cry, they tell themselves, level, thus acquainting those who will be a college to get the professor of if the schools would get around to teach- economics . . . interested in your tomorrow's leaders with a dynamic view problems. Have him lecture on your ing a proper respect for America's eco of competitive capitalism." A million nomic system. subject to his classes. Once in a dollars was sought from corporations while, it would pay you to take such It's free enterprise that they profess, and individuals to endow the chair. By men . . . and give them a retainer of even if they don't practice what Adam March of 1976, solicitors had raised half $100 or $200 a year for the privilege Smith had in mind, and they want the of the amount, enough to satisfy UT re- of letting you study and consult with schools to By God teach it right. In Tex- quirements for the endowment of a spe- them. For how in heaven's name as, firms are sinking millions of dollars cial chair. According to Dean Gloyna, can we do anything in the schools of into various institutes, chairs, and other the million-dollar goal has now been the country with young people grow- collegiate gimmicks, so that professors nearly met, though he had not made a ing up if we have not first sold the might carry the gospel to public school precise reckoning of cash in hand, and idea of education to the college pro- teachers for the ultimate enlightenment would not make a list of donors avail- fessor? of the young. able. "Go to [UT president] Lorene Rog- –Merlin Aylesworth, NBC president ers for that," he told the Observer. It Consider the missionary zeal to be turns out that no complete list is cur- in a 1920s address found today in the college of engineering to electric power executives rently available from any UT official, but at the University of Texas at Austin. a search of the minutes of meetings of Businessmen have long been directly Austin the board of regents uncovered a list of connected to the college through the ad- contributors good for $10,000 or more: Big business has always been on the visory council of UT's Engineering lookout for ways to buy into academia. Foundation, which "tries to bring the Gulf Oil Foundation $100,000 The motives vary, ranging from old real world into the classroom" according Halliburton Education school ties on the part of industry moguls Foundation 35,000 to engineering dean Ernest Gloyna. The W. R. Davis 25,000 and a sense of charitable duty, to more "real world" translates as money for the LTV Corp. 25,000 forthright desires for competitive advan- college's instructional program (about a Phillips Petroleum Foundation 25,000 tage of some kind or intellectual, legitimi- half million dollars a year, though neither Sabine Royalty Corp. 25,000 zation of corporate views. Merlin the dean nor top UT officials are able or Ethyl Corp. 20,000 Aylesworth, the man who led the attack willing to say precisely how much) and a Houston Oil and Minerals Corp. 20,000 against public broadcasting 50 years ago, narrow, businessman's perception of re- Dow Chemical U.S.A. 15,000 is quoted here from a pep talk he gave to ality. Of the 34 advisors, all are men, ten GCS Foundation 15,000 private utilities executives worried about L.B. Meaders 15,000 are from the major brand-name oil refin- Texaco, Inc. the growing interest in publicly owned ers, five represent oil production supply 15,000 power systems. Pennzoil Co. 12,500 firms, and five are from national chemi- Sedco, Inc. 12,500 The tactic he suggests—the use of col- cal corporations, No interests besides Tenneco Corp. 12,500 leges to peddle corporate Truth to school large business are represented on the Dresser Industries, Inc. 10,000 kids—is time honored and currently en- council. Earth Resources Co. 10,000 joying a resurgence in Texas. As any One firm claiming council membership Harris Corp. 10,000 reading of business publications in re- is especially active in the college's W. F. Roden 10,000 cent months will make clear, the coun- Schlumberger Well Services 10,000 affairs—Halliburton, Inc., the parent of Scurlock Oil Co. 10,000 try's top executives have adopted a siege the giant construction outfit, Brown & Texas Commerce Banc- mentality as a response to the assaults of Root. In 1976, Brown & Root president shares, Inc. 10,000 consumer advocates, environmentalists, Foster Parker began clamoring for a Texas Oil and Gas Corp. 10,000 women, civil rights activists, disgruntled UT course on the private enterprise sys- Texas Power and Light Co. 10,000 shareholders, plaintiffs, lawyers, and the tem. In an Austin speech, Parker said Tyler Corp. 10,000 like. Rather than re-evaluate their firms' that "An entire generation is growing Willco Foundation 10,000 proper place in the scheme of things, into adulthood with grossly distorted TOTAL $481,500

8 MARCH 17, 1978 Though the Chair of Free Enterprise is two years old, it remains unfilled, and a search continues for a "distinguished Inquest professor" willing to accept the appointment. Nonetheless, the "chair" is active. Late last May, using the chair as an organizing device, the engineering dessa college sponsored a three-day symposium in Austin on "Teaching Free En- terprise in Texas Public Schools." In- vited to attend and learn how to "plan, coordinate and implement . . . courses in the free enterprise system" were school district supervisors, teachers, and educational consultants. ss No doubt we could all benefit from a better understanding of the workings (and failings) of the American economic system, but the stacked nature of last spring's symposium illustrates the VOTOlf.•. . danger of turning such an educational re- iintSSI1/4 sponsibility over to those with narrow, vested interests. Three comprehensive Larry Lozano before and after tangling with Ector County lawmen lectures were devoted to the viewpoints of business, government and academia. But the arguments turned out to be vir- By Mark Vogler and Federal and state authorities have tually identical. Eric Jonsson, founder of Eric Hartman taken charges of official lawlessness se- Texas Instruments and former mayor of riously enough to launch full-scale inves- Dallas gave business's view; government Odessa, Austin tigations of possible civil rights viola- was "represented" by Charles Walker, a Larry Lozano died in the Ector tions, even as a justice of the peace and former Nixon administration official who County jail Jan. 22,12 days after a brawl district attorney John Green proceed now makes his living in Washington lob- with sheriff's deputies that left him bat- with plans for an inquest of their own bying for many of the country's largest, tered beyond recognition and several into the circumstances of the inmate's blue-chip corporations; academia's per- deputies in need of medical attention. death. At the same time, concern over ceptions were entrusted to economist Sheriff Elton Faught announced the fol- the American's seeming timidity and Michael Mescon, who occupies Georgia lowing day that Lozano, a 27-year-old lack of appetite for a story unflattering to State University's chair of free enter- Mexican-American with a history of the local law enforcement hierarchy has prise. mental instability, had killed himself. He resulted in calls for a boycott by leaders apparently "Went berserk," the sheriff of the area's Mexican-American com- And so it went. The environmental munity. They see a disturbing similarity spokesman for the session was Dr. said, and smashed his head against the shatter-proof glass window of his isola- between Lozano's death and the deaths Casey Westell, who works for Tenneco, in recent years of other Mexican- Inc., and the representative for consum- tion cell. Faught's story went unchallenged in Americans while in police custody in ers was Dr. Robert G. Barnes, identified Texas; they perceive an equally disturb- only as a former professor at Onondaga the Odessa American, the major local newspaper, but an El Paso medical ex- ing contrast between the listless efforts College. When it came time for a sum- of the hometown paper and the zeal of ming up, a representative of the San An- aminer and reporters for out-of-town newspaper and wire services turned up a outside news organizations in ferreting tonio chamber of commerce was called out the unofficial version of what hap- on to tell the educators what materials more sinister version of Lozano's death a few days later. Dr. Frederick Born- pened to Larry Lozano during his dozen and techniques were available to help days in Sheriff Faught's custody. them teach the free enterprise doctrine. stein, hired to conduct an independent au- topsy by the Lozano family after the There's little common ground between As a follow-up to the symposium, the Odessa examiner refused to release her the differing accounts of Lozano's trou- engineering school, again through the findings, concluded that the pattern of bles with Ector County lawmen, but on chair of free enterprise, offered mono- Lozano's 92 bruises and other injuries one point they agree: by the time graphs and tapes of selected presentations was "incompatible with suicide." The sheriff's deputies locked him in a cell on for use in Texas' public schools. reporters, meanwhile, found sources in- the night of his arrest, he'd earned him -. Pointedly missing from the list of avail- side the jail willing to swear that Lozano self a dangerous jailhouse reputation as a able resource material was a transcript of had been beaten to death by some of battler. That evening Lozano slugged it the talk given by Ruth Ellinger, research Sheriff Faught's deputies. out with two deputies who came to the director of the Texas AFL-CIO. Hers As the contrary version of Lozano's scene of his one-car accident on a de- was the only presentation to stress the death became staple front-page fare in serted Odessa street. As Sheriff Faught contributions of working people to the Texas newspapers outside Odessa, later told reporters, the athletically built economic order. Ellinger protested the Sheriff Faught stuck by his suicide story six-footer simply "whupped their ass." exclusion of labor's view, but to no avail. and the Odessa American confined its Help was summoned and Lozano took a In academia, when business pays the coverage to dutiful recitals of the infor- fearful drubbing; another fight erupted piper, it calls the tune. 0 mation unearthed by rival reporters and when he was booked. From then on it the rebuttals offered by Ector County of- was clear, as one Odessa attorney has Roger Baker is an Austin-based free- ficialdom. Both the lawmen and the said, that inmate Lozano had a real lance writer. newspaper are now under increasing fire problem—"he was insufficiently sub- for their handling of the Lozano case. missive."

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 9 Press reports suggest that Lozano's gle with deputy sheriffs, Faught now Justice Department into the Lozano behavior may have reflected another admits, but he denies that any deliberate case. problem, evidenced by a month-long beating took place. His attempts to stay last summer at the Austin State exonerate his department haven't been Editors at the Odessa American have Hospital. Unable to overcome deep de- helped by a well-reported courthouse been almost as embarrassed as Odessa pression occasioned by a bitter divorce, conference—attended by Faught, the officialdom by the newspaper stories he had suffered what family members deputies involved, and an Odessa that brought a federal civil rights investi- have termed a "minor nervous lawyer—convened, so one insider said, gation to their hometown. The American breakdown." His sister had him commit- to "get their stories straight" in anticipa- had first crack at the story, says a source ted after a series of violent incidents in tion of official inquiries. who proposed to editor-in-chief Olin which he assaulted a gas station manager Ashley on the night Lozano died that his and an Austin policeman and menaced paper ought to look into the inmate's her and her family. He was still a relative death. A routine report based largely on newcomer to Odessa, struggling to make Sheriff Faught's version of events was a fresh start, when he landed in the Ector published instead. Ashley later ex- County jail. plained that "I've got enough battles Sheriff Faught says his men' recog- going on," and excused the American's nized Lozano's mental problem. "We skimpy coverage by saying that "my tried our best to get this man into a hos- people are green." Frustrated staffers pital," says the sheriff, who adds that the could only look on with chagrin as prisoner "belonged in a hospital and not newspapers around the state took turns in a jail." Captain Tommy McMeans of scoring investigative coups in the Amer- the sheriff's department has said his ican's own backyard. superiors informed him four days after Several reporters for the Odessa paper Lozano's arrest that the troublesome Sheriff Elton Faught say that inexperience was less an inhibit- inmate was slated for transfer to a state ing factor than DA Green's pending libel suits against the American. " Ashley just mental hospital. But family members say Aid to the beleaguered sheriff, albeit of that commitment papers were rejected doesn't want to tangle with Green at this an ambiguous sort, has been forthcoming point," said one observer. by the sheriffs department, in violation from Ector County district attorney John of a recently enacted state law that re- Green. While Green has fitfully pro- An even less-charitable view is enter- quires such transfer within 24 hours after claimed his intention of bringing to justice tained by many of the area's Mexican- inmates deemed mentally ill are jailed in any lawbreakers in the sheriff's depart- Americans. They have held mass facilities unequipped to provide ment, he has also indulged his penchant meetings, conducted marches, and pro- psychiatric care. for reminding journalists of the awful moted a boycott because they think the consequences in store if they make Odessa American is uncaring about the Faught also claims that his officers did misstatements about Odessa's public of- fate of Mexican-Americans who run not physically abuse Lozano after his ar- ficials (Obs., June 3 and Sept. 9, 1977). afoul of the law in Ector County. This rest, but inmates and others inside the His chief contribution to date, how- attitude, they argue, removes a funda- jail tell of continual verbal and physical ever, has been to lure Dr. Toseph mental constraint on punitive excesses harassment that ended only when he was Jachimczyk, the celebrated Houston against members of their minority com- fatally beaten by a gang of Faught's dep- medical examiner, into the case as a con- munity. uties. Alleged eyewitnesses claim they sultant for the local inquest. On the basis Courthouse reporter Greg Watson quit saw as many as eight deputies kick and of Jachimczyk's guarded, preliminary the American at the end of February pummel Lozano for several minutes out- statements that Dr. Bornstein's earlier over limitations imposed by editor side his cell. They say he had stopped homicide finding may have been too un- Ashley on his coverage of a Brown breathing by the time his assailants re- qualified, Green has told the press that Beret-sponsored march meant to lented and removed a bloody blanket the "doctor in Houston has confirmed dramatize just such complaints. With from around his head. The officers what we believed all along." "He con- Watson gone, longtime police reporter hadn't intended to kill him, these sources firmed it was impossible to reach a con- Matt Conklin took over the developing say, but they did mean to pay him back clusion it was homicide," said DA Lozano story, and he minced no words for the injuries he'd inflicted on deputies Green. In Houston, meanwhile, the good in describing his perspective on it. "The at his arrest and booking. Their claims doctor was telling reporters he had yet to chicanos are yelling that it's murder," he conform to the opinion of medical exam- reach any conclusions. told the Obsekver, dismissing most of iner Bornstein that Lozano died "from what's been written about the Lozano extensive blunt trauma, such as beating, The performance of Faught and Green case so far as "garbage." Conklin ex- hitting, kicking, as well as possible small has inspired little confidence on the part pects a more trustworthy account to wounds made with sharp instruments." of Ruben Sandoval, the San Antonio at- emerge from the upcoming coroner's in- torney who represents the Lozano fami- quest, and meanwhile puts his faith in ly. Sandoval has referred to the two as Sheriff Faught and his other friends of Sheriff Faught's response to news re- "obstacles" to the investigation of Larry long standing in the sheriff's department. ports detailing these allegations has not Lozano's death, and adds that "several Faced with the attitude given such won him high marks for finesse from county officials" may be guilty of honest expression by Conklin, critics of courthouse observers. Faught complains obstruction of justice. Whatever their his paper could be pardoned for conclud- of persecution by the press, but he has role proves to have been, the activist at- ing that, if the verdict on Larry Lozano is elaborated on his original story, conced- torney doesn't expect much from state that he was "insufficiently submissive" ing that officers did struggle with Lozano court proceedings, in which he says to local authority, the verdict on the on the night he died. The sheriff insists, juries cannot yet "see beyond the badge Odessa American must be that it's too though, that his deputies acted only to and uniform." That reasoning, buttressed much so. restrain the inmate once he became un- by mild state jury verdicts in recent controllably violent, shattered a cell cases where Mexican-Americans died at Mark Vogler is a former staff reporter window, and armed himself with shards the hands of Texas law officers, promp- at the Odessa American. Eric Hartman of broken glass. Lozano died in a strug- ted his successful effort to bring the U.S. is a lawyer and an Observer contributor. 10 MARCH 17, 1978 Council's racialstand-offblamed bond electionconfirmedwhatmostpeo- S.A. bondissuegoesdown,3to2 ple whofollowpoliticsinTexas'second largest cityhaveknownforsometime— council, thefirstincity'shistory Mexican-American membersareata that thecitycouncil'soneblackandfive margin a$98.4millionbondissuewere stand-off withtheanglopopulationhere. apparently ventingtheirangeratthe bond package,thegroup'sopponents After thesix-memberchicanoandblack under thecontrolofracialminorities. majority brushedasideobjectionstothe took directaimatthesevenballotprop- ositions andtried,withevidentsuccess, nians tovoteno. Mayor LilaCockrellurgedSanAnto- erendum ontherecordofsix.Even to turntheelectionintoacity-wideref- bonds andpromisedtoworkfortheir election lastyear.Shehadbeenamong approval whencampaigningforre- first place.Hersubsequentwithdrawal ferred thebondissuetovotersin the nine-votecouncilmajoritythatre- merits oftheprojectsbondswerein- of supporthadnothingtodowiththe tended tocapitalize. federal grant,butreducedanappropria- tion recommendedbycitymanagerTom adopted abudgetforan$18.3million Huebner fordevelopmentofdowntown chase oflandlyinginthepathapro- Huebner wantedtoputtowardthepur- central businessdistrict.Thefederal posed systemofboulevardsaroundthe housing anddeleted$1.5millionthat other neighborhoodprojects. money wentinsteadtoparksandstreet improvements, floodcontrolefforts,and play," thegroupbeatbackseveral ject thebonds the councilmajoritywas the community'sconfidenceincoun- the councilsaidsixhad"shattered" day, themayorandotherangloson Huebner's recommendations.Thenext amendments torestorefundsfor then suggestedthattheelection bede- cil tothepointthatvoterswouldnotbe asked tosupportthebonds. Cockrell A flurryofweekendmeetings failedto layed untilconfidencecouldbe restored. latest inalonglineofintra-council produce aresolutionofthematter—the keen toseeapproved. taliated byadvising SanAntonianstore- squabbles— andonFeb.12,Cockrell re- The resultsofSanAntonio'sMarch4 Voters whorejectedbyathree-to-two Cockrell originallysupportedthe On Thursday,Feb.9,thecouncil In whatCockrellcalled"arawpower By DonWalden San Antonio on theadvisabilityofpassingseven the dividedcouncil.Bondproponents charged thattheoppositionofmayor propositions butontheperformanceof and heralliesamountedtoabarelycon- cealed, raciallymotivatedattackdi- ress minoritieshavemadeinSanAn- rected atthesixcouncilmenandprog- cilman HenryCisneros,aMexican- tonio overthepastseveralyears.Coun- candidate, saidthegoalofthosefighting the bondpropositionswasto"put American leaderandapossiblemayoral Mexicans intheirplace." erences totheracialcompositionof gument. Shetookpainstomakenoref- council andsaidshepreferredtothink town. caused byeconomicandgeographic the spliton11-memberbodywas differences—her sixadversariesrepre- electorate sawthebondfightasasocial sent poorareasonthesouthsideof questions havebeencastindependently issue, pureandsimple. dress race-relatedquestionsheadon. of race,thehistorycurrentcouncil forced SanAntoniotoadoptsingle- lines. TheU.S.JusticeDepartment has beenlargelywrittenalongcolor city's utilityboardstoseatoneanglo, For example,anordinancerequiringthe luted Mexican-Americaninfluenceby one black,andMexican-American annexing largeoutlyingareasofanglo member councildistrictsafterthecitydi- fact, arecurringcriticismofthecouncil member eachisunderconsideration.In population. Thiscouncil,thefirstelected city's minorities. by districtinsteadofat-large,wasalso ethnic considerationstogoverntheallo- cation ofcityresources. has beenthatittoowillinglypermits the firsttocomeundercontrolof feelings clearlyspilledoverintothebond council hasbeendismissedasirrespon- campaign. Eversincetakingoffice,the sentment amongthecity'sanglos,whose On thelastdayofcampaign, councilman RudyOrtizclaimed thatthe wholesale chargesof"irresponsibility" sible byleadersinwhiteneighborhoods. made bybondopponentswere actually lowed aracial andgeographicpattern. Districts predominantly blackandbrown "veiled racistattacks." Thereafter, therealdebatefocusednot Cockrell gaveshortshrifttothatar- But thereissomeevidencethatthe The councilhasnothesitatedtoad- Although votesonseveralimportant All oftheseupheavalshavestirredre- Generally, support forthebondsfol-

Don Walden favored thebonds,whileangloareas minority-controlled organizationssuch builder andprofessionalassociations— Commerce, theTaxpayer'sLeague,and lishment organizations—theChamberof voted themdown.Severalangloestab- led theopposition.Proponentswere C.O.P.S. (CommunitiesOrganizedfor as theMexicanChamberofCommerce, Public Service,apredominantly passed. mostly blackcitizens'lobby),religious ful EnvironmentalDevelopment(a Mexican-American citizens'lobby),Res- Whether votingwasraciallyinfluenced civic groups,andseverallaborunions. idents OrganizedforBetterandBeauti- Councilman Cisnerosonastreetthat feelings onbothsidesthatcitypolitics or not,theelectionresulthasintensified lition thusfar,despitethewidespread alition. Theyhavenotforgedsuchacoa- not clear.ItmaymeanCisneroswill has becomeamatterofrace. would havebeenpavedhadthebonds council-manager governmentisweak, the mayor.Thecouncilstand-offmay council canenjoymoreinfluencethan and whoeverhasthemostvoteson But themayor'sofficeinSanAntonio's have toshelvehismayoralambitions. harden theminoritiesintoacohesiveco- perception thattheyhaveactedlikeone. five anglocolleagues.Therewassome now compelthesixtoworkwiththeir bond proposal,thattheyrecognized the nents. after theelectionthatshewould extenda her part,MayorCockrellannounced need tosecureanglocooperation. For indication, evenbeforethedefeatoftheir "hand offriendship"tothebond propo- San AntonioLight. The implicationsoftheimpasseare On theotherhand,circumstancesmay Don Waldencovers cityhallforthe THE TEXAS OBSERVER

11 ❑

Supporting the hand that Disclosed Taking the bar feeds you Job hunting? The city of Fort Remember the old "Ben Barnes • • . By a lopsided 87 to 4 percent, Worth has two vacancies as a re- bill"? Not many people do, but a • sult of the its new ethics code and fi- Americans believe that food mid- few lawmakers who were members of nancial disclosure ordinance for public dlemen, rather than farmers, make the Texas Legislature between 1965 officials. City manager Rodger Line most of the profits in the food industry, and 1973 have kept the bill in mind, and city attorney J. G. Johndroe Jr. using it as a short cut to a law license. according to a January Harris survey have resigned, reportedly because of that shows strong public support for The bill was passed back in 1965 so their dissatisfaction with the code and farmers in their current plight. Five out that Ben Barnes, then speaker of the ordinance. of six people surveyed agreed that farm- Texas House, could take the bar exam ers deserve a better price for their Although both gave other reasons for and practice law without going through crops so they can attain their goal of quitting, city councilman Walter Bar- all the bother of completing law school. 100 percent of parity. And in the acid bour said Line told a closed-door ses- After all, one who writes laws must test of consumer concern, a 54 to 36 sion of the council that financial disclo- know something about the law, right? percent majority would be willing to sure was an important factor in his de- The statute offered a number of combi- see their own food prices rise by 5 per- cision. Johndroe has never made a sec- nations that allowed legislators to avoid cent if that would allow farmers to ret of his objections to the ethics code. three years of legal education and still achieve parity. —Sheila Taylor seek admission to the bar: anyone who had served 12 consecutive years in the Legislature was deemed automatically qualified to take the exam; membership Run for the bench in the Legislature for eight consecutive A dozen statewide political of- years, plus a bachelor's degree qual- fices are up for grabs this year, ified you; service in the Legislature for and with district and local contests to four consecutive years, a bachelor's sort out too, it is understandable that degree and two years of law school most people's eyes glaze over at would do the trick; or membership in cocktail parties when asked, "Who're both houses of the Legislature and a you backing for the Court of Criminal master's degree put you in. Ironically, Appeals?" the bill stirred so much adverse public- ity that Barnes never took the exam. But this is a race worth thinking about, not only because the court Others were less hesitant. The stat- is Texas' ultimate authority over such ute was repealed in 1973, but those who matters as the death penalty, but also served in the Legislature during its because the campaign for one of the eight-year life were—and are—still eli- open seats on the nine-judge panel pits gible. Three members of the 65th Legis- hard-line prosecutor and interim court lature have just taken the bar exam by Sam Houston Clinton grace of the Barnes loophole, and member Jim Vollers against an experi- Judicial campaigns tend to be low- enced criminal defense attorney, Sam passed: Reps. Dave Allred (D-Wichita key affairs—candidates rarely do any- Falls), Don Henderson (R-Houston), Houston Clinton of Austin. The thing so vulgar as stump the state for Vollers-Clinton match is an election and Senfronia Thompson (D-Houson). votes—and there is no reason to expect Allred, who studied law for a year at St. that actually could make a difference in much hoopla in this race for the Place 2 Texas. Mary's University and Baylor Univer- seat on the criminal appeals bench. It sity (and who took a master's degree in Vollers, 46, is the former state prose- will likely be a matter of each candidate journalism from Columbia University), cuting attorney who ran for an appeals turning out his natural constituency on is in his 12th year of legislative service. court seat in 1976, finishing a poor third election day. Clinton will look to de- He'll join a law firm in his hometown. in a three-man primary. But, in 1977, fense attorneys, labor groups, Henderson spent a couple of years in the voters approved a constitutional minorities and long-time co-workers in night classes at the South Texas School amendment expanding the court by the Democratic Party for his base of of Law in Houston. Thompson, who four judges, and Vollers was appointed support, while Vollers's strength will studied law for a couple of years at in January by Governor Briscoe to the come primarily from district attorneys Texas Southern University, had taken judgeship he had failed to win on his and whatever advantage he can the bar exam unsuccessfully before own. squeeze from his short incumbency. passing it this year on her second try. Clinton, 54, has been in private prac- But, despite his appointment to the —Janie Leigh Frank tice since 1952. He has represented bench and his previous experience as a black students suing to integrate Uni- statewide candidate, Vollers seems versity of Texas dormitories (squaring well aware that his is hardly a Why God gave us Okies off against Leon Jaworski, who repre- household name—in early March, he • Texas Parks & Wildlife, a sented the status quo), and he served as was seen campaigning at Austin's mu- monthly magazine that is by far Jack Ruby's attorney on appeal. He is nicipal airport, handing out palm cards the classiest of all state publications, is an able labor attorney and currently to passengers coming off arriving dedicated to the conservation and en- serves with law partner David Richards planes. joyment of Texas' natural resources. It as counsel to the Texas AFL-CIO. —Vicki Vaughan is printed in Oklahoma.

12 MARCH 17, 1978 Where's Wright? At the bargaining table Seamen, construction workers An eight-year effort to establish • • an effective consumer voice and post office employees in within the councils of the federal gov- Texas have union contracts up for ernment has been crushed in Congress. negotiation in 1978. Some 12,000 mem- H.R. 6508, supported by President Car- bers of the National Maritime Workers ter, House Speaker Tip O'Neill and Union are based in state ports, and Ralph Nader, among others, would negotiations on their behalf are already have created an Office of Consumer underway. Although the current Representation to advocate consumer NMWU contract does not expire until interests before government agencies June, union official Kirby McDowell and congressional committees, provid- told the Observer a new pact probably ing thereby some counterbalance to the will be wrapped up by May, providing lobbying pressure of business interests. increases in wages, pension payments, The Business Roundtable, the U.S. cost-of-living allowances, and other Chamber of Commerce and an ad hoc benefits. organization of some 300 corporations Elehue Traylor, national vice presi- (deceptively packaging themselves as dent of the American Postal Workers the "Consumer Issues Working Union said that negotiations for APWU Just politics Group") led a massive, multi-million- members begin formally in April, Campaigning does strange things dollar lobbying blitz to overwhelm the though the union's bargaining commit- • to people, Witness Reagan proposal. On Feb. 8, the House voted tee is busy now screening proposals for Brown, currently running for state ag- 227 to 189 against consumers. the contract sessions. riculture commissioner, the post that Only eight Texans came down on the Most Texas workers affected by Dolph Briscoe appointed him to last side of the angels on this one, and two labor negotiations this year are in the year. Apparently overcome by candi- of them get smudges on their gold stars. construction trades, and include date fever, Brown issued a Feb, 23 The six stalwarts are Jack Brooks of bricklayers, carpenters, cement ma- press release hailing the end of winter: Beaumont, Bob Eckhardt of Houston, sons, ironworkers, pipefitters, plumb- "No group of Texans were more re- Barbara Jordan of Houston, Jim Mat- ers, ers, roofers and sign painters. Con- lieved to see this week's sunshine than tox of Dallas, Jack Pickle of Austin and tract negotiations for their unions will the state's farmers and ranchers," he John Young of Corpus Christi. Henry be concentrated between March and said, as though he had something to do Gonzalez voted against the bill on the July. with it. final roll call, but after the electronic —Debbie Wormser tote board showed that it had failed to pass, the San Antonio Democrat Condos for college kids switched his vote to "yes," thus be- coming a consumer champion by way Is college not all that it could be of the back door. • because you're living in a drab More curious was the disappearing dorm? Is that what's bothering you, act of majority leader Jim Wright of bunky? Well, break out of the doldrums Fort Worth, who had supported the by getting daddy or mommy to buy you administration's bill all along. It is gen- one of the neat condominium apart- erally conceded that Wright had ments being built in Austin for Univer- worked hard lobbying members for sity of Texas students. For $90,000, support in the days preceding the vote, you can move into a three-bedroom but when the last-day crunch came, unit of "The Orange Tree" and be the Wright was on an airplane to Hawaii. A talk of the Drag. If that's a little steep spokesman from his office explained Awarded for those of you working your way that Wright had a previous commit- His lead article in the Observer's through college, you can get an effi- ment to attend a fundraising dinner for • ciency for $27,500. a Hawaiian member of the House. July 29, 1977, special issue on The condos have been built by Ham- However, the dinner was not till Friday Texas bankholding companies earned lets Corporation of Houston, and 30 of night, and Wright departed Wednesday Tim Mahoney third place honors in the the 32 units have been snapped up al- noon, just hours before the crucial investigative reporting category of this ready, according to a report in the Aus- vote. The Hawaiian congressman, 'year's William Randolph Hearst tin American-Statesman . Phase Two of Cecil Heftel, stayed in Washington to Awards competition, the collegiate the project—another 36 apartments— vote for the consumer bill, and, indeed, equivalent of the Pulitzer Prize. will be under construction beginning in didn't leave for home until Thursday. Mahoney, a journalism major at the April, and word is that there is already Wright was formally recorded for the University of Texas and an Observer a waiting list of parents eager to buy so bill on final passage, since he had ar- regular, beat out competitors from 65 junior can have a bedroom of his own ranged with an opponent of the meas- other undergraduate j-schools to win to study in. Hamlets Corporation is so ure to "pair" or cancel one another's the $500 cash prize, created from the enthused that Phase Three is on the vote. estate of the late newspaper magnate. drawing boards. —Gerald McLeod —David Guarino

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 13

' • .N.,•• Krueger.. . from page 5 He calls the recent farmers' strike a gressional Quarterly would ultimately "positive" action, but he won't endorse rank Krueger as the eighth most conser- elections. Volunteers in New Braunfels full parity because farmers "don't want vative freshman in the 94th Congress. cranked out additional notes to people welfare and subsidy." He thinks the Krueger had met on campaign trips. Over the next three years, Krueger es- United States has a right to interfere in tablished a consistent voting pattern as Harlan's fall campaign actually cost European elections to oppose "totalita- an economic conservative with occa- more than Krueger's, but the Republican rian" leftist candidates, but he wants sional liberal stands on selected social is- couldn't counter the momentum Krueger Washington to open diplomatic relations sues. He sided with the liberals on legis- achieved in the spring and early summer. with Cuba. He respects nonviolence but lation to prolong the life of the Voting The November vote percentages were says he will support the Pentagon until Rights Act of 1965 and extend its appli- Krueger 53, Harlan 45. other nations disarm first. Something cation to Texas, and on the admission of Krueger finally had his national office, Krueger will not qualify is his disdain for women to the service academies. He but there was a catch. The three elec- government regulatory agencies. His voted for strip-mining regulation and an tions cost $362,053. His staff hadn't faith in unrestrained capitalism harks end to the ban on political activity im- raised half that much, and the campaign back to the previous century. It all be- posed long ago on federal workers. He was left with a debt of $206,000. gins to sound very British fair play and also stood with the liberals by opposing a Krueger's had been the most expensive free trade. Benjamin Disraeli springs to total prohibition against the use of race for Congress in the United States in mind. Medicaid funds for abortions. 1974. But while he has shown such flashes of When a campaign goes into debt, the liberal inclination, the great majority of most straightforward thing a politician his votes show him to be a die-hard de- can do is put up collateral for all his bank fender of the status quo, and basically a loans. Krueger's loans were obtained reactionary on economic and military is- both by his family and by wealthy sup- sues. porters. Bob, his mother, and cousin The congressman from New Braunfels Jack Krueger had arranged loans totaling voted with the conservatives on food $56,000. stamp cutbacks, delays in enforcement One individual supporter, L. D. of auto pollution regulations, relaxation Brinkman, personally loaned the cam- of air pollution standards in cities, cuts in paign $55,000. Brinkman, head of Giffen solar energy research, high military Industries (a conglomerate built around budgets, construction of the B-1 bomber the carpet business), owns a ranch near and development of the neutron bomb, Kerrville, where he met Krueger early in arms sales to foreign dictatorships, ag- the campaign. The Krueger family even- ribusiness subsidies, and opposition to tually responded to his generosity by consumer protection measures, strong purchasing more than 6,000 shares of lobby disclosure, open records bills, and Giffen Industries stock. job programs. Notes for the rest of the campaign debt Krueger's record on labor has been were signed by oilmen, car dealers, buil- mixed. He voted against common situs ders, bankers and professional men liv- Krueger arrived in Washington early picketing and attempts to repeal right- ing in the 21st District, who were good in 1975 as one of 75 new members to-work provisions, and for a reform in for chunks ranging in size from $5,000 to elected to the House of Representatives the labor laws to guarantee labor and $25,000. The obligations accruing from in the reform wave which followed management equal time prior to union all this generosity would pose an in- Watergate. He bought a Capitol Hill representation elections. He supported teresting problem as Krueger began his townhouse for $165,000 and settled in for the increase in the minimum wage to career in public life. a long stay. $2.65, but voted for delays and the denial Coming from a district with more cat- of the same rate to teenagers. tle than people, Krueger sought a place John Pouland drives too fast. A heavy on the agriculture committee but lost out Choosing sides snow which began during a stop at the to Rep. Jack Hightower of Vernon. Floor votes in the House are only a Lampasas stock show continues as we House Speaker Carl Albert, whose partial reflection of a politician's work. travel on to Waco. Planes are grounded, Rhodes scholarship had made him a fel- What really counts is skill in writing and several stops have to be cancelled. low Oxonian, took Krueger under his legislation and guiding bills toward final As Pouland crosses icy bridges at 90 wing and advised him to serve instead on approval. Regardless of conservative or miles an hour, Bob Krueger remains the interstate and foreign commerce liberal beliefs, a representative may calm but asks him to at least use the committee. choose to work for the public interest or windshield wipers occasionally. The new freshman class, the largest in for special interests. Krueger has em- The interview progresses somehow, congressional history, first made its braced big business. It was a logical despite the wind whistling through: the presence felt by challenging the ironclad choice for someone with his background, station wagon and the candidate's seniority system. Many committee huge campaign debts, and ambition to laryngitis. Krueger doesn't just answer chairmen were soon under open threat, run in expensive races for even higher questions, he tries to gain his listener's and Texans Wright Patman and Bob office. approval. His explanations pile one on Poage were ousted as heads of their The petroleum industry was the first to top of another until their sheer weight committees. engage Krueger's services. An intern wins agreement. Krueger bucked the reform trend from Harvard dived into research on oil Krueger is a man of some precision. among House freshmen and voted in and gas laws and helped prepare his first He has an unerring instinct for the favor of Patman, Poage and other senior major proposals. Krueger joined the ef- center of contrary arguments. He man- members. Once the Congress began con- forts to save the oil depletion allowance. ages to make sense of picking Gandhi sidering legislation, he put even more With support from President Gerald and Churchill as personal heroes, even distance between himself and most of the Ford, he also mustered a surprisingly though the men were bitter opponents. new, mostly progressive members. Con- (Continued on page 17) 14 MARCH 17, 1978 Wii&VgMft i Y 3 ; : swen4e.ae k

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16 MARCH 17, 1978 Krueger. . . from page 14 seek contributions from these kinds of people," aide Allaire George told The close vote in July of 1975 on a bill to Dallas Times-Herald. decontrol domestic crude oil prices. His The running battle to deregulate natu- bill failed, 220-202. ral gas prices won Krueger a good deal of A few weeks after the vote on oil prices, national attention. Krueger's efforts in Krueger began a long crusade to de- the House in the closing months of 1975 regulate prices of natural gas. His mem- and first weeks of 1976 brought him tan- bership on the House commerce com- talizingly close to victory. He lost a de- mittee and several of its subcommittees regulation fight by only four votes in gave him a good vantage point for intro- February of that year. ducing legislation to help oilmen and Krueger was acclaimed for his skill in kindred business groups. taking the measure as far as he did. Roll While toiling in the House, Krueger Call, a Capitol Hill newspaper, selected found the time to write magazine arti- him as the "most effective" freshman in the 94th Congress. When Jimmy Carter endorsed deregulation during his 1976 campaign, Krueger became chairman of Oil & Gas Producers for Carter. If Carter had stuck with his 1976 position, Krueger would probably have won natural gas deregulation in the 1977 House session. Carter changed his mind, however, after a White House study convinced him deregulation would cost consumers an extra $86 billion in fuel charges by 1985. Krueger responded that Carter's figures "came from some dark source of ignorance" and claimed his bill would cost consumers only $46 billion Relax, and take a break more. for lunch or dinner, Krueger got his deregulation bill and watch the river through a commerce subcommittee last June but lost in the full committee. He go by. The then threw his support to a gas deregula- drinks are Ct tion bill sponsored by House Republi- ample, and 3 cans. Even with lobbying help from ex- President Ford, the bill failed in July, the cheesecake 227-199. Its defeat and Carter's promise is our own. We des, churn out news releases, and make to veto deregulation have probably killed have sandwiches to stirring speeches on the evils of oil and Krueger's chances to lift gas controls seafood, from 11:30 any time in the next few years. gas regulation, national health insurance, until 11:30 every day of no-fault insurance, industrial safety Deregulation hasn't been the only the week ; open till rules, and restrictions on the automobile issue separating Krueger and the Presi- industry. His positions on these issues dent. A Carter lieutenant told the Ob- midnight in the Metro made him a champion of anti-consumer server that Krueger's voting record Center, San Antonio, forces across the nation and he soon was shows that "he's neither a moderate, as Texas. a much sought after guest speaker at he claims, nor really even a Democrat." conventions of oilmen, doctors, trial The President's man cited a Congression- lawyers, car dealers, insurance under- al Quarterly analysis of 1977 votes on writers. and the U.S. Chamber of Com- which Carter took a position. Krueger merce. supported his party's president only 43 His pro-business efforts proved profit- percent of the time. Republican John able. By July of 1975, when he intro- Tower did almost as well, mirroring Car- duced his oil price decontrol bill, ter on 40 percent of the votes examined, Krueger had raised only $11,936 against and Lloyd Bentsen, who is hardly a the leftover 1974 campaign debt of knee-jerk Carterite, supported the Presi- $206,000. After the first of his fights for dent 63 percent of the time. (Indeed, deregulation and the start of his commit- Krueger was more loyal to Republican tee work on a gas price decontrol bill, Gerald Ford than to Carter, siding with contributions poured in, mainly from Ford on 47 percent of his votes.) Accord- sources outside the 21st district. The ing to the CQ analysis, only 25 Demo- debt was retired by the end of De- crats in the House were less loyal to their cember. Oil and gas producers had given president than was Krueger. $51,147, or slightly more than a fourth of Krueger's growing fame and conserva- the amount needed. tive voting record made him a cinch for Krueger could not be described as a re-election to Congress in 1976, when he passive recipient of special interest do- faced only minor challenges in both the nations. "We went to them. The big primary and general elections. Garry money in Texas is in oil and gas, and Mauro and Tom Henderson stayed with there's nothing unusual for a Texan to jobs in State Comptroller Bob Bullock's

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 17 office while less-experienced aides ran teachers drags on and on. The audience the campaign. Roy Spence, however, becomes embarrassed for her and won- came back to handle media chores. ders how Krueger will overcome the The Krueger staff raised $154,830 in mood she is setting. She finally quits. 1976 and had $35,231 left over after the Krueger takes the podium. two elections. Of the $38,000 that oil and He jokes about his lack of scholarly gas sources contributed, $5,650 came attainments while a professor, knowing from executives of eight oil firms under that the crowd is in awe of his degrees investigation by one of Krueger's sub- and academic career. He pokes fun at committees. Political action committee 9 his curly hair, knowing that the women in funds (Obs., Dec. 2, 1977) from a variety the audience will notice his tall good of special interest groups accounted for looks. He has them. $41,661 in donations. The names on Krueger never mentions his race for many of the PAC contributions are textile mill operators, as well as gerry- the Senate. He moves into the body of a familiar—Texaco, Shell, Sunoco, Dow mandering of county precinct lines to speech on the glories and challenges of Chemical, the Realtors Association, and dilute the Mexican-American vote, and education. His hands are constantly in the American Medical Association. of the struggle against discrimination in motion in tight, evocative gestures. He Throughout his first term, Krueger the schools. The groups have hoped in gently attacks the classroom methods strengthened his position in the 21st dis- vain that Krueger's office would pass the used by most of the 600 teachers in the trict by placing efficient young aides in complaints on to the appropriate federal audience, but they seem flattered by his local offices in New Braunfels, San An- agencies and recommend action. concern for their improvement and his tonio, San Angelo and Del Rio. These "Every time we've complained to his willingness to suggest new ways. aides got out press releases, answered office about local discrimination, he's The speech is peppered with quotes questions, and forwarded requests to said he's not involved in local politics. from the classics. The Shakespeare has Washington on behalf of constituents, or When he complained about no the resonance of an Olivier. The long at least some constituents. Not everyone Mexican-American being appointed as passage from Chaucer is a rush of im- back home was pleased. ambassador to Mexico, that was fine," maculate Middle English. He ends with Nayo Zamora, a New Braunfels filling Zamora said, "but he's never tried to a resounding affirmation of tradition, station owner whose seven-year lawsuit correct injustices in his own commu- reverence and erudition. The teachers fmally led to the integration of the city's nity." leap to their feet and applaud. public schools in 1975, is a member of several groups that have tried repeatedly The woman just won't sit down. Her to inform Krueger and his people of pos- adulatory introduction of Bob Krueger The 1978 race for John Tower's Senate sible labor law violations on the part of at a San Antonio convention of English seat entered the strategy stage four years

Texas Border Mexican Log BOOM Wilderness Buildings Town and Wildlife A Folk Architecture Ciudad Juarez since 1848 By Ben Tinker By Terry G. Jordan By Oscar J. Martinez Illustrated by Doris L. Tischler One result of the interplay be- Border Boom Town traces the Ben Tinker has spent years ex- tween Texas' many cultures and social and economic evolution of ploring the Sierra Madres and the myriad landscapes is a rich legacy Ciudad Juarez, the largest city on vast deserts of Sonora and Baja of log architecture. This book the U.S.-Mexican border and one California. Here he describes the traces log construction techniques of the fastest-growing urban cen- haunts, habits, and peculiarities from their European or eastern ters in the world. Martinez dis- of the major wildlife of this rugged American origins and explains cusses the interdependence of wilderness. This volume condenses the methods of log craftsmen in Juarez and El Paso, the effects of a lifetime of outdoor lore and exacting detail. So careful and the waves of Mexicans who mi- learning. complete are the descriptions and grate through the city en route to 145 pages, 17 line drawings, so clear and pertinent the many the United States each year, and 4 maps drawings and photographs that efforts to integrate the northern $9.95 Texas Log Buildings could be used Mexican frontier into the national kt■ \ • as a cabin-raising guide. economy. 240 pages, 40 line drawings, 280 pages, illustrated, $12.95 78 b&w photos $15.95 University of Texas Press Box 7819 Austin, Texas 78712

IG"

18 MARCH 17, 1978 ago, when Krueger and his closest staff pamphlet." Amid attractive photographs aides first smelled victory in the primary and a skillful layout, Krueger empha- Krueger's Stands campaign against Nelson Wolff. Krueger sizes his concerns on a wide variety of began talking with reporters about his issues, while past votes and carry- Senate ambitions shortly after his 1976 through on detailed promises are kept in in Congress re-election to Congress. the background. The back cover features Garry Mauro and Tom Henderson left a full-page photo that reeks of He has supported their jobs with the comptroller last spring sincerity—Krueger gazing pensively out Development of B-1 bomber an airplane window, with a quote appear- to manage Krueger's Senate campaign, Building nuclear breeder reactors and Roy Spence hired on again to tend to ing to come right from his lips: "To rep- advertising. The old team was back in resent Texas is to represent the richness Building a neutron bomb place. that is America. I believe that the dream Military aid to Nicaragua Having cut their political teeth on the of a better nation for all people still lives Withholding veterans' benefits from giant 21st district, Krueger's staff had no all across America, and I want to work to Vietnam-era soldiers pardoned trouble shifting to a statewide campaign. insure that dream never dies." by President Carter Use of a national employment card proving U.S. citizenship Deregulation of domestic crude oil prices Deregulation of natural gas prices Delaying enforcement of clean air act Weakening auto pollution standards Limiting liability of nuclear power industry in cases of nuclear accident Allowing officials to take jobs with industries they regulate Allowing professional football executives to black out television of home games, even if they are sold out

He has opposed Creating a consumer co-op bank Class action rights for consumers All of the basic tactics in the 1974 con- "You don't have to sell him. All Consumer protection from debt col- gressional race were put to use again in you've got to do is let him sell himself," lectors 1978. says one aide. No-fault insurance There have been subtle modifications, Funding of Consumer Product Safety Krueger announced his candidacy last Commission however. To jibe with the assertion that July 4 and began almost immediately Krueger is now a "statesman," the staff thereafter to set up county steering Consumer representation in govern- changed the color scheme of their man's committees throughout the state. He got ment billboards and bumperstickers to a sober a big jump on his major challenger, Creation of public service jobs black and white. Mauro, drawing on his former State Board of Insurance Creating public jobs for rehabilitation experience as deputy comptroller under chairman Joe Christie, who delayed his of nation's railroads beds Bob Bullock, soon installed a sophisti- announcement until October. Opposition cated word processor for individualized from Barefoot Sanders and other Demo- Common situs picketing letter-writing and record storage. The crats never materialized. Extending minimum wage to teena- computer is able to respond "person- gers ally" to letter-writers—a series of special Both primary candidates are spending Making food stamps available to paragraphs on issues and other subjects their time early in the race trying to visit strikers have been keyed into the machine, so the every town in Texas. They will shift to Making oil refiners responsible for oil staff is able to punch buttons and pro- the cities in April and launch media spills duce a letter that correlates with virtu- blitzes in the last weeks before the May 6 Gas guzzler tax on automobile ally any concern. election. While Krueger's managers makers promote him as a "hero" of Texas, Spence updated the campaign litera- Christie's man-of-the-people pitch is cel- Excluding agribusiness firms from ture to promote Krueger as an "Inde- ebrated in bumperstickers that read just federal farm payments pendent Democrat," a characterization plain "Joe." Increasing federal funding for com- with a broader statewide appeal than Since so many prominent figures are munity action programs "Conservative Democrat." (And now wrapped up in their own races for state that Krueger has four years in public of- Increasing federal payments on office this year, endorsements are not school lunches by five cents each fice behind him, the staff doesn't have to likely to play much of a role in the pri- worry about his status as a bachelor and mary . However, former State Rep. Increasing mortgage assistance for intellectual.) Eddie Bernice Johnson's backing may middle-income families Relying on a gimmick from 1974, the help Krueger with black voters, and in Funding of International Women's main brochure this year boasts that the Mexican-American community, Year conference Krueger has "personally written this Democratic National Committeewoman

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 19 Alicia Chacon's support certainly won't Bob and Sara Roebuck hurt. The Teamsters endorsed Krueger in January, but Christie expects to get iVse the blessing of the state AFL-CIO's Anchor National Committee on Political Education this ft‘,0143 ev)01.1 month. •S:).• Financial Services To date, the campaign has been virtu- Or&c 1524 E. Anderson Lane, Austin ally issueless, with neither candidate vos generating voter excitement. Unless czx (512) 836-8230 Christie begins ripping into Krueger's ee record and oil backing, the campaign will cot • bonds • stocks • insurance tote • mutual funds • optional retirement program

GINNY'S COPYING SERVICE

Deputy campaign manager Torn Hen- derson and South Texas organizer Marc Setting the Pace Campos for Today's Business Communications with Professional Telecopy Service ...

At Bob Krueger's Austin campaign . . Exact Facsimile Transmission (including pictures), headquarters, youth and experience are Here to There in Four Minutes or Less. anything but contradictions. Among the 15 young salaried aides are veterans of 44 Dobie Mall 108 Congress 400 University Dr. Austin Texas Auom fesa. Mal os, Texos just about every liberal campaign Texas 476-4171 477.982 7 391-3885 has seen since 1970. Even 23-year-old John Pouland, head of county organizing, has been involved in six campaigns and State Democratic Executive Com- mittee affairs. Campaign manager Garry Mauro, 29, has tried to fill the top positions with people capable of running the show on their own, should they be called on to do so. Most of his front-line people worked BOOT HILL in Krueger's 1974 House race, Jimmy Carter's Texas campaign, or Bob Gam- FRYE BOOTS mage's 1976 congressional effort in Houston. for men and women "I looked for people who could sell PLUS TONY LAMA, Krueger as a person across all party lines. I didn't want any people that were NOCONA, LAREDO, AND ideologues," Mauro says. LARRY MAHAN Deputy campaign manager is Tom WESTERN BOOTS ALWAYS Henderson, Mauro's partner in the first Krueger race and the 1972 McGovern campaign. Henderson keeps a loose rein on Pouland, West Texas organizer Dave Bolduc, East Texas organizer Alvin 30% Pruitt, and South Texas organizer Marc OFF ON ALL Campos. Dan Dutko, at 33 the old man on the AUSTIN WESTERN BOOTS SAN MARCOS staff, concentrates on fundraising. He Shoal Creek Plaza 237 N. LBJ Drive reports back and forth between Mauro 10-6 p.m, 451-4116 10-6 p.m. 392-7331 and state finance chairman L. D.

20 MARCH 17, 1978

not likely get above the level of image- the campaign's budget, but actually ac- Good books in every field making, which means a battle of televi- cepted late, so they do not have to be JENKINS PUBLISHING CO. sion spots. That takes cash, and Krueger reported in federal campaign filings until The Pemberton Press is well in front in the money race. the last moment, thus avoiding damaging Krueger has already raised $438,738, charges of special-interest financing). John H. Jenkins, Publisher with most of his large contributions com- Krueger's reports, however, do show Austin 78768 ing from attorneys, bankers, independent $9,600 received thus far from PACs, all Box 2085 oilmen, and various professionals. appearing to be corporate organizations. Neither man has yet received much in He has taken in $500 or more each from the way of PAC contributions (these the PACs of First City Bancorporation, often are solicited early and figured into Republic of Texas Corporation, U.S.

Fine Food • Draught Beer Outdoor Patio

-••■■•■■....•901110•11■•■■■.114 ANDERSON &I COMPANY COFFEE TEA SPICE'S TWO JEPPERSON SQUARE Selling Bob Krueger AUSTIN,TEXAS 78731 512 41:t73-1:1313 Send me your list. Brinkman Of Kerrville and Dallas. The two Senate candidates, as well as weekly campaign has raised more than $400,000 bulletins on a range of special subjects Name to date, and Dutko says Krueger hopes bearing on the race. Street to raise another $1 million for the contest The Henson-Hopkins polls show that against Joe Christie (who is budgeting Christie's current strength is centered in City Zip only $400,000 for the Senate primary in Amarillo, Waco, Tyler, El Paso and ...■•■•••••••■•.■■••■■=1.0.1 May), and at least $1 million for the fall Beaumont. Krueger is shown stronger in campaign against John Tower. Lubbock, Dallas-Fort Worth, Wichita HALF Krueger and his staff aren't shy about Falls, Texarkana, Abilene, San Antonio PRICE hitting up oilmen, cattlemen, bankers, and Laredo. The candidates are sup- RECORDS MAG AZ IN ES car dealers, realtors, and others who posedly even in Austin, Houston and have supported the congressman in the Corpus Christi. The polls help Mauro IN DALLAS: past. (In December, Dutko sent 7,000 schedule both advertising and Krueger's 4528 McKINNEY AVE. mailgrams to members of the Texas In- appearances. 209 S. AKARD, downtown dependent Producers and Royalty Own- Press relations are handled by former RICHARDSON: SOS LOCKWOOD ers Association. He refuses to say how San Angelo Standard-Times reporter (west of post office) much the solicitation has produced, but Jeannette Stephenson, the only Krueger's financial reports show a lib- FARMERS BRANCH SHOPPING CTR. newcomer to political work on the SW CORNER, VALLJY VIEW eral sprinkling of donors from the oil in- Krueger staff. dustry. "I wish we had more oil and gas IN WACO: 25TH & COLUMBUS contributions," Mauro says.) Detailed press releases don't have much of a role in a campaign focused less IN AUSTIN: 1514 LAVACA Between now and May, half of the on defining issues than on building public 6103 BURNET RD. money raised will be spent on media. approval of Krueger's personality, and Mauro and advertising director Roy Krueger's top staffers work under the IN FORT WORTH: 6301 CAMP BOWIE BLVD. Spence expect to lavish $300,000 on assumption that laundry lists of specific (Ridglea Shopping Center) television spots in the last month of the promises tend to confuse voters. campaign. The Krueger campaign paid Spence's "If anything, I'm afraid we may have Austin ad agency (Guarasick, Spence, taken too many issue stands. We've seen FARM INCOME Darilek and McClure) $56,000 in the what happened to McGovern in running is the summer and fall to prepare the promo- an issue-oriented campaign," Henderson SAME tional literature and the first television says. spots announcing Krueger's candidacy. Travel assistants Lukin Gilliland Jr. in 1977-78 as it was in The emphasis in both the advertising and and Buck Wildman help with organizing 1974 the hectic pace of Krueger's early travels chores and fundraising as time permits. around the state was name recognition. Carolynn Henderson, who met husband while the price we ALL Mauro claims public identification of Tom in the 1974 Krueger campaign, is pay is inflated by Krueger has grown from 5 percent last managing the office, with help from 33% July to 64 percent in February. He re- scheduler Tina Williamson and Mauro's ported that Christie's recognition with assistant, Helen Sneed. Lynda Hallmark UP OVER 200% ON SOME FARM the electorate has grown from 23 percent operates the IBM System VI word pro- ITEMS after his announcement last fall to 52 cessor, which does a dazzling job of writ- THE W1140 UNA TO CHAMPS. percent in February. ing individualized letters. About the only COS THAT TO KW PRICE IVIIIAYMOOY ItATINO For his statistics, Mauro leans heavily thing the machine, nicknamed "Obi Wan on the results of a continuous poll made Kenobi," can't do is write in Spanish, but Texas a staff as talented as Krueger's should be by Henson-Hopkins Associates of Aus- Farmers koridigi tin. He receives fat reports once or twice able to solve that problem too. Union m, a month on the overall standing of the —Pat Black 800 LAKE AIR DR. w WACO, TEXAS 76710 w 817 772-7220

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 21

Steel, Texaco, Shell, Ensearch Corpora- tion, Champlic Petroleum Company, and the Drilling Contractors' Association.

PRIME RIP Information available on the personal finances of the two Democrats reveals similar degrees of affluence. Krueger's STEAK gross income in 1976 was $95,074. Vari- ous tax deductions and allowances on his ranch and other interests brought his LOWER final IRS payment for the year to $6,892. Christie reported a gross income of CRAB $96,731 in 1976. His deductions and allowances, primarily from oil operations, brought his federal tax obligation to $9,760. What all this comes down to is that the two candidates paid 10 percent or less of their total incomes in taxes. Middle-income and low-income Amer- icans typically fork over 25 percent or more of their earnings to the IRS. Christie's press secretary, Robert Heard, estimated his candidate's overall wealth at $500,000. Most of Christie's investments are in clothing factories, but he is also good for about $200,000 in oil actin's and gas leases. He has small holdings in had one national petroleum stock. Mauro and Jim Land put Krueger's current worth at $750,000, with approxi- mately equal holdings in a stock portfolio Austin, Corpus Christi, Victoria, Brownsville, Temple, McAllen, Port Aransas, Tucson and the family's East Texas ranch. A

DINERS College Station, San Antonio, Lake Tahoe Dallas Morning News report last year on potential conflicts of interest 'among members of the Texas delegation to Congress showed that Krueger was the only member with stock in top defense contractors, one of seven members with oil and gas securities, and one of two members with pharmaceutical stock. His investor participation in every category was unique. Land has tried to sell stock which might cause an obvious conflict for Krueger. Shares in El Paso Natural Gas, Apco Oil, and Northwest Pipeline were sold in 1976. Krueger's holdings in several South African companies were sold last year. Mauro said recently that the stock in Brinkman's Giffen Industries would be sold this year. Krueger's January portfolio report — Complete Computer Data Processing Services -- lists current stock holdings worth about $400,000. He still owns shares in seven banks, including Mercantile Texas and Texas Commerce Bancshares, and stock in five top defense contractors. Krueger has a $39,000 investment in Union Car- bide, the largest supplier of radioactive materials to the Atomic Energy Com- mission. Oil and gas holdings are there, too, even if the corporate names don't suggest it. Krueger's largest single stock investment is in Allied. Chemical, which owns major gas exploration and pipeline companies in Texas. Both Allied Chemi- cal and Imperial Chemical, another Krueger holding, have large interests in North Sea oil production.

22 MARCH 17, 1978 Putting Krueger in focus industries, agribusiness, builders, and other commercial and industrial groups. Traditionally, American politicians have made sets of specific promises to Tower's 'record on civil rights, Viet- classified build coalitions of voters from nam and Watergate fills liberals with an NEW ORLEANS ON $8 A YEAR. The various—but selected—backgrounds. A abhorrence that Krueger counts on to Weekly Courier, 1232 Decatur, New Orleans, generation of television has given us keep all Democrats behind him after LA 70116. politicians able to evoke sympathetic re- May. Krueger's staff hopes Barefoot sponses among voters from all back- Sanders's 1972 turnout against Tower, EIGHT LARGE COLORED PRINTS. UT grounds. Successful politicians today and Austin. $5.90 ppd. Longhorn Frame, 507 fortified by a thumping majority in the Bee Caves, Austin 78746. 21st district (where Tower has won be- FOREIGN AUTO SERVICE. In Houston. fore), will put Krueger over the top. Honest, reliable service. VW, Volvo, and What Bob Krueger will do if he makes some others. 1805 Laverne, 467-0664. it to the Senate and takes on a statewide RECORDER PLAYERS. Looking for re- constituency should be clear from his corder music? We have largest library in votes in the House and campaign posi- West. Come in or send for catalog. Amster tions. His published record shows that Recorder Co., 1624 Lavaca, Austin 78701. BOOK-HUNTING? No obligation search for rare or out-of-print books. Ruth and John McCully. ARJAY Books. (512) 263-2957. Rt. - 8, Box 173, Austin 78703. PATRONS: Save dying native art form -- Unique totally handcrafted, vegetable dyed, wool TAPESTRIES — Excellent Investment! MWE Box 5541, Austin 78763. COMMUNITY-ORIENTED law office has space-sharing arrangements available for additional lawyer and for community or research groups. 501 West 12th Street, Austin 78701, (512) 478-9332. TYPING. Can't do it yourself? Or don't have the time? Professional typing at reasonable rates in Austin or by mail around the state. (512) 477-5420. MOVIE GUIDE, a major new magazine, wel- comes free-lance feature articles and film re- views. Mail to: Brent G. Northup, Editor, Movie Guide, 1610 Richmond, Houston build spiritual communities, to wit: 77006. Jimmy Carter smothers us with reborn- FINANCE YOUR NON-TANGIBLE sales Baptist rhetoric of love and charity; contracts through me. Trade school, health Gov. Jerry Brown draws his followers spas with service contracts financed without into a Jesuit crusade to save the world; credit check. Write Kenneth Edwards, and here in Texas, Bob Krueger uses the Economist, 3237 Ewing Ave., Houston 77004. sterner message of Luther and Calvin to discourse on opportunity, faith, disci- FREE WHEELING BICYCLES. 2404 San he can be expected to vote better than Gabriel, Austin. For whatever your bicycle pline, self-reliance and respect for the John Tower, but not as well as Lloyd needs. given order of things. The manipulation Bentsen. His views wouldn't change—he WIN YOUR NEXT ELECTION. Send for of subconscious values promises a says so himself: "If you really want to free catalogue of service and materials avail- steady decline in the number of genuine represent a state, I think Texas is an able from one of America's best-known politi- choices for the American electorate. economically conservative state." cal consulting firms. Write Campaign As- sociates, Inc., 516 Petroleum Bldg., Dept. John Tower, an East Texas Methodist Meanwhile, he's out working the TO-1, Wichita, KS 67202. (800) 835-2234. minister's son who studied at the Lon- boondocks, where he can most comfortably vent his inherent conservatism. In FOR LATEST NEWS FROM CHINA, rean don School of Economics, knows how to Chinese magazines: Peking Review (52 is- play these games. If Krueger beats the small towns, he attacks the Panama Canal treaties, dismisses government sues), $4.50; China Reconstructs (12 issues), Christie in May, Tower will be a formid- $3.00; China Pictorial (12 issues), $4.00; able general election opponent, even if regulation of the petroleum industry as Chinese Literature (12 issues), $4.00; Chinese the proposed independent candidacy of "Yankee piracy" and warns "that the Medical Journal (6 issues), $9.00; China's former Republican gubernatorial United States must be able to wage and Foreign Trade (4 issues), $3.00. Order from nominee Henry Grover siphons off win a major conventional war on the Prairie Fire Bookstore, 3221 Main St., Hous- right-wing votes from Texas' senior sen- ground." ton 77002. ator. Beyond the Senate? Well, there can't IRISH TIN WHISTLES. Bb, C. D, Eb, F, be any serious question of what would and G. Any three for $10 postpaid. Amster come next. "Do 'you want to be presi- Music, 1624 Lavaca, Austin 78701. John Tower's Jan. 31 financial report dent?" the Observer asked. "Sure," Bob placed him comfortably out front in the Krueger replied. He and his aides are al- JOIN THE ACLU. Membership $20. Texas race for money. The 17-year incumbent Civil Liberties Union, 600 West 7th, Austin ready discussing a race for the White 78701. has received $786,000, and his staff is House in six years. Krueger in 1984? projecting a budget of over $3 million ❑ Classified advertising is 300 per word. Dis- through the fall. As usual in the Republi- Pat Black is former editor of the Lul- counts for multiple insertions within a 12- can's campaigns, the contributions show ing Newsboy and now lives in Austin, month period: 25 times, 50 percent; 12 times, a web of connections to oil, banking, war where he is writing a novel., 25 percent; 6 times, 10 percent.

THE TEXAS OBSERVER 23

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This calendar is an information service for Observer readers. Notices must reach the Observer at least three weeks before the event. lUILS March 17-18 / Fri.-Sat. / Austin: March 27 / Mon. / Austin: The Editor, The Washington Post The Austin Women's Center of- Electric Utility Commission of fers a workshop on "couples and the City of Austin holds a public people in transition." From 7 to 10 hearing on cost overruns in the p.m. Friday and all day Saturday. construction of the South Texas Cactus Pryor, Bob Armstrong, and other fun folks Information: (512) 472-3775. Nuclear Project. At 6:30 p.m. in the Electric Building, 301 West invite you to join them in Austin for a good time March 17 / Fri. / Dallas: The Avenue. Information: (512) 397- and a chance to chat with one of America's most state senate's consumer affairs 1600. subcommittee holds a hearing on important and respected newsmen. the business practices of auto re- March 28 / Tues. / Austin: UT's pair shops in greater Dallas. At 10 World Order program sponsors a a.m. in the Old City Hall. Infor- symposium on "The Food Crisis." Scholz Garten mation: (512) 475-3090. Panelists include Jay Naman, Texas Farmers Union president. Thursday night, March 16 March 18-26 / Fri.-Sun. / For From 7:30 to 9:30 p.m. in the the ambitious and hardy: the Aus- Texas Department of Community 8- 10 p.m. tin chapter of the Sierra Club Affairs auditorium, 210 Barton sponsors a boat trip through the Springs Road. Information: Lynn A Texas Observer benefit • $5 per person lower canyons of the Rio Grande Randels, (512) 471-4906. River. All are invited, but mem- • cash bar bers have priority in making res- March 29 / Wed. / Austin: The ervations. Information: Charles Public Utility Commission hears Contact: Paula Bickerstaff (512) 451-3985 Riddel, (512) 441-7870. the petition of Continental Tele- phone Company of Texas for au- March 22 / Wed. / Austin: The thority to change rates. At 9 a.m., American Friends Service Com- Suite 400N, 7800 Shoal Creek mittee holds an open meeting to Blvd. Information: Roy Hender- discuss disarmament issues with son, (512) 458-6111. Terry Provance, national coor- dinator of Mobilization for Survi- March 31 / Fri. / College Sta- val. At 7 p.m., 3014 Washington CILSTILAIIL 11111EXAS tion: U.S. senatorial candidate Square. Information: (512) 474- Bob Krueger speaks at a luncheon 2399. of the Texas Council of the Na- IIPAS11-1 March 21-22 / Tues.-Wed. / tional Association of Accoun- Corpus Christi: The Community tants. At noon in Texas A&M's Rudder Tower. Information: (512) Nutrition Institute sponsors a John Henry Faulk headlines . workshop on "Nutrition and Fed- 478-1978. eral Food Policy." Included is an a Texas Talent Treat analysis of upcoming changes in March 18,25 / Sat. / Austin: The the food stamp program and a re- Austin Recreation Center, 1213 view of the American food sys- Shoal Creek, is the scene of sev- tem. The workshop will be of- eral clinics on job-hunting tech- Sunday afternoon, March 19 fered in Fort Worth (April 3-4) niques. Employee relations con- and Lubbock (April 5-6). No sultant Garry Prince provides 3 - 6 p.m. charge for attending, but registra- practical suggestions for finding a tion is advised. Write CNI, 6901 job. Clinics begin at 10:30 a.m. "Top of the Town" North Lamar Blvd., Suite 123, with space limited to the first 50 Austin 78752, or call (512) 452- arrivals. National Lloyds Building 9409. Waco, Texas March 23-24 / Thurs.-Fri. / March 18 / Sat. / San Angelo: A Austin: The Sunset Advisory group of San Angelo citizens puts Fun Contact: Commission holds public hearings something on called "Bob on the performances of eight Krueger Day," which features a Door Prizes Jean Gilchrist agencies, including the Private parade and political speechmak- Employment Agency Regulatory ing by the congressman who Cash Bar (817) 772-3050 Board and the State Board of would be senator. Information: Morticians. For time and loca- (512) 478-1978. tion, call (512) 475-6565. —Vicki Vaughan $5 per person • Proceeds to The Texas Observer

.P• sil,A4 • *MC'? ,i1Af!:96141:11Asitit, 24 MARCH 17, 1978