3448 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 SENATE RESOLUTION 391-TO PER­ The resolution, with its preamble, is as 1961 and the Foreign Military Sales Act, MIT RELEASE OF DOCUMENTS TO follows: and for other purposes. DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINIS­ S. RES. 391 Rollcall votes will occur during the day TRATION Whereas, the Drug Enforcement Admin­ on amendments and motions with rela­ Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I call up a istration (DEA) of the Department of Justice tion thereto, with a vote on final passage is carrying out an investigation of alleged thereof at no later than 5 p.m. tomorrow. resolution which I have at the desk and activities of certain of its employees; and ask for its immediate consideration. Whereas, the DEA has requested that the Upon disposition of S. 2662, the Senate The PRESIDING OFFICER. The reso­ Subcommittee transmit to it any documents, will resume the consideration of the lution will be stated by title. papers or other information which 1t might copyright bill, which is S. 22, a bill for The assistant legislative clerk read as have with regard to the alleged activities of the general revision of the copyright law. follows: such individuals; and Whereas, in the course of their duties as A resolution (S. Res. 391) to permit With­ employees of the Senate certain staff mem­ ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 10 A.M. drawal and release of certain documents, papers, or other information with regard to bers of the Permanent Subcommittee on In­ Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Drug Enforcement Administration employees. vestigations received information on alleged activities of such employees of the DEA if there be no further business to come The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ which information is relevant to their integ­ before the Senate, I move, in accordance out objection, the Senate will proceed to rity and to the integrity of the Agency; and with the previous order, that the Senate its immediate consideration. Whereas, by the privileges of the Senate stand in adjournment until the hour of Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, the Per­ of the United States and by Rule X:XX of 10 a.m. tomorrow morning. the Standing Rules of the Senate, informa­ The motion was agreed to; and at 5:25 manent Subcommittee on Investigations tion secured by staff employees of the Senate has conducted an extensive investigation pursuant to their official duties may not be p.m. the Senate adjourned until tomor­ into the effectiveness of the Drug En­ revealed without the consent of the Senate, row, Wednesday, February 18, 1976, at forcement Administration. During that therefore, be it 10 a.m. investigation, staff obtained information Resolved that the Permanent Subcommit­ on alleged activities of DEA agents with tee on Investigations is authorized, at the regard to the :flow of narcotics from Mex­ discretion of and at the direction of its Chairman, to provide the Drug Enforcement NOMINATIONS ico to the United States. Administration with any information in its Executive nominations received by the DEA is conducting its own investiga­ possession relevant to alleged illegal activi­ Secretary of the Senate on February 10, tion of certain of these same agents and, ties of certain agents of the Drug Enforce­ 1976, pursuant to the provisions of sec­ by letter dated December 24, 1975, has ment Administration. requested that we supply them with in­ SEc. 2. The Secretary of the Senate shall tion 3 of Senate Concurrent Resolution formation bearing on potential criminal transmit a copy of this resolution to the 92, as amended: activity which may assist them in their Attorney General. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY efforts. COMMISSION Pursuant to rule XX:X of the Standing Daniel Ed ward Leach, of Virginia., to be PROGRAM a member of the Equal Employment Oppor­ Rules of the Senate, and the privileges of tunity Commission for the term expiring the Senate, information secured by staff Mr. ROBERT c. BYRD. Mr. President, July 1, 1979, vice Luther Hplcomb, term members pursuant to their official duties the Senate will convene tomorrow morn­ expired. as employees of the Senate may not be ing at 10 o'clock. U.S. COURT OF MILITARY APPEALS revealed without a Resolution of the After the two leaders or their desig­ William Holmes Cook, of Illinois, to be a Senate. nees have been recognized under the Judge of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals Accordingly, Mr. President, I offer the standing order, the Senator from Con­ for the term of 15 years expiring May 1, 1991 following resolution, unanimously ap­ necticut (Mr. WEICKER) will be recog­ (reappointment). proved by the members of the Committee nized for not to exceed 15 minutes, after on Government Operations, authorizing Executive nominations received by the which there will be a period for the trans­ Senate February l7, 1976: the release of this infromation, and ask action of routine morning business of that it be adopted. DEPARTMENT OF STATE The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques­ not to exceed 15 minutes, with statements Edward W. Mulcahy, of Arizona, a Foreign tion is on agreeing to the resolution. therein limited to 5 minutes each, at the Service officer of class 1, to be Ambassador The resolution (S. Res. 391) was agreed conclusion of which the Senate will re­ Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the to. sume the consideration of S. 2662, a bill United States of America to the Republic The preamble was agreed to. to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of of Tunisia..

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY gation of Lithuania's steadfast courage-­ u .. s. Congress to continue the U.S. its determination to achieve the 1rights policy of nonrecognition of the forcible of freedom-and the privileges of self­ annexation of Lithuania and its neigh­ HON. JOE MOAKLEY determination. bors-Estonia and Latvia. We in the OF MASSACHUSETTS It gives me great honor to be able to Congress must strive to preserve and pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commemorate this anniversary of inde­ tect, in our country for certain, and shall Tuesday, February 17, 1976 pendence with Americans of Lithuanian seek to continue one of the 'basic tenets descent. However, I am saddened that of American foreign policy abroad, the Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, Febru­ those who still live in Lithuania are un­ right of all peoples to self-government ary 16, 1976, marks tha 58th anniversary able to JOm Lithuanian-Americans in a free and open society, the very of the Declaration of Independence of across this Nation in pausing to mark cornerstone upon which our society is the proud and peace-loving nation of this day. I know that the determined founded, and upon which the Declaration Lithuania. Fifty-eight years ago, Lithu­ spirit of the Lithuanian people is un­ of Lithuanian Independence was based. ania was created. Although Lithuania broken, but I also know that their con­ We must never give in to the policy pre­ enjoyed true and total independence for tinuing daily struggle for religious free­ sented at the European Security Con­ only 22 years, they were years of progress dom and human rights is frustrating in ference which would recognize the forci­ and commitment to the future. Tragi­ view of the less than passing notice and ble annexation of the Baltic Nations. cally, the Soviet Union abrogated all per­ sometimes invisible support that many Well over a million people of Lithua­ sonal liberties, civil and religious, when nations in the free world exhibit for nian ancestry live in the United States it forcefully and brutally annexed Lithu­ their brothers in captive Lithuania. and proudly call the United States home. ania and incorporated the Lithuanian For this reason, I have joined my good Several hundred thousand Lithuanians peoples into the Union of Soviet Social­ friend and colleague, DAN FLOOD of have settled in the Northeast, many of ist Republics. Although Lithuania has Pennsylvania, and my equally good those in the Boston region. I have known since been held captive by the Russian friend and colleague, ED DERWINSKI of many Lithuanians, and I must say that Empire, there can never occur an abro- Illinois, in sponsoring legislation in the I have long admired their fierce deter- February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3449 mination for the preservation of indi­ will have to increase if we are going to Congress resumes consideration of the en­ vidual human liberties and their concern come to grips with the energy problems ergy bill3 that were left pending in Decem­ and commitment to the restoration of that face us in the future. ber. But in light of the continuing decline those liberties in the homeland­ In order to encourage this debate, and in domestic oil production and the diffi­ culties currently facing development of nu­ Lithuania. hopefully plant some seeds in the minds clear power and of coal and outer conti­ We all hear so much about the Bicen­ of my colleagues, I would like to bring nental shelf oil resources, there is now no tennial in the United States-we take an article from the February 13 issue of assurance-perhaps not even a likely pros­ pride in our progress over the last 200 Science magazine to your attention. The pect-that the Administration's goal of "en­ years and we look forward to the future, article discusses the concept of a Btu, ergy independence" by 1985 will be attained. a future of peace and prosperity. How­ or energy tax. As Denis Hayes, the For oil imports to be reduced to a level ever, we must not let our good fortune author of the Worldwatch paper on low enough to eliminate the possibility of blind us to the fact that others around an effective Arab oil embargo, overall en­ energy conservation, says, a sure way to ergy demand probably will have to be re­ the world do not share in our good for­ induce energy conservation across the duced well below the levels now projected tune. I say to all Americans that we board is a Btu tax. This policy would for the mld-1980's. This may require much must redouble in our efforts on behalf be desirable if the tax was applied grad­ higher energy prices. Yet in last year's de­ of others around the world who are still ually over several years to all nonrenew­ bate over national energy policy, the con­ engaged in their fight for freedom. able fuels at the point of extraction, and troversial question of what role the price of On this occasion, we must reaffirm our coupled with rebates for lower income energy should be made to play in adjusting demand to domestic energy supplies was commitment to those Baltic Nations still people, and the taxes generated were not never squarely addressed. struggling for independence. The even­ used on energy-wasting activities. Indeed, although one of the numerous tual restoration of self-determination I commend these articles to my col­ energy measures proposed by the Adminis­ for Lithuania, as well as Estonia and leagues: tration called for immediate decontrol of Latvia, must be an objective of freedom­ THE CASE FOR CONSERVATION oil prices, Congress would not go along. loving people throughout the world. I "More than one-half the current U.S. And even had immediate decontrol been pledge to you that I will continue to work energy budget is waste," according to Denis approved, it would have produced only a toward this goal. Also, I pledge my con­ Hayes, a senior researcher with the Wash­ modest conservation effect as the price of tinuing cooperation to the members of ington-based Worldwatch Institute, in an all domestically produced oil rose to the analytical paper prepared with the support world market price set by the Organiza­ the Lithuanian American Council of tion of Petroleum Exporting Countries Boston, so that we can work together of the Federal Energy Administration. Hayes, formerly head of the Illinois State Energy (OPEC) . The decontrol issue was finally toward this, our common goal. Office and a leader of the Earth Day move­ compromised, with Congress agreeing to a ment in 1970, contends that the United phasing out of controls over a period of 40 States could meet all of its new energy needs months. for the next 25 years through measures such Some energy analysts within the govern­ MORE ON ENERGY CONSERVATION as making use of some of the heat wasted in ment are now saying privately that, if energy electric power generation, improving the fuel independence is to be achieved over the economy of automobiles and transportation next 10 years, a high tax on all non-re­ HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. systelllS generally, and improvi!Ilg the insula­ newable forms of energy will have to be OF CALIFORNIA tion of new and existing buildings. Moreover, imposed. This would be a "Btu tax," ap­ plied at the point of extraction (wellhead IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES he argues that only through conservation can the nation's heavy and growing depend­ or mine mouth) on oil, natural gas, coal, Tuesday, February 17, 1976 ence on foreign oil be eliminated. and uranium. Those who believe that such a tax will ultimately have to be adopted re­ Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ In an interview with Science, Hayes spoke to the question of how best to bring about gard it as much preferable to a tax on oil er, many of us have been using the CoN­ conservation in the comprehensive manner he alone. A tax on oil would tend to shift de­ GRESSIONAL RECORD and other tools avail­ advocates. One strategy for policy-makers mand to other nonrenewable fuels and to able to us to bring attention to the need would be to look directly to the implementa­ intensify such problems and conflicts as for energy conservation programs, and tion of a multitude of specific conservation those related to strip mining, air pollution, to describe some of the ways that measures by automobile manufacturers, uranium shortages, and the siting of nu­ drama tic energy savings can be achieved. transportation agencies, homebuilders, big clear facilities. industrial consumers of energy, and other To bring about the big reduction in de­ We have also tried to stress that energy mand necessary to compensate for any conservation should be looked upon as energy users. A very different strategy would be to look instead to a Btu tax as a sure way major shortfalls in development of domes­ an energy source, if not the most de­ to induce energy conservation across the tic energy sources, the Btu tax might have sirable energy source. board. Hayes much prefers the Btu tax ap­ to be very stiff indeed-high enough per­ In recent days we have seen even more proach, provided that the tax is applied haps to double the price of gasoline and on energy conservation, with two notable gradually over several years to all nonrenew­ home heating oil. Such a tax could be able fuels at the point of extraction, that it coupled with a program of annual rebate developments being the release of the intended to redistribute the money collected Worldwatch Paper 4: Energy, the Case is coupled with rebates for lower income peo­ ple, and that none of the proceeds of the tax and thus alleviate the economic and social for Conservation, which was prepared by hardships caused by the painfully high is used on energy-wasting activities. As for energy prices. the Worldwatch Institute under a grant examples of the latter, Hayes poilnts to con­ from the Federal Energy Administration, struction of highways and to the proposed No government official is openly advocat­ and the introduction of a major end-use deployment of a fleet of B-1 bombers (the ing a Btu tax. At the moment, the idea of energy conservation retrofit bill. This B-1 fleet, he says, will use at least as much forcing reductions in energy demand by bill, S. 2932, the Energy Conservation fuel each year as was consumed by all buses dramatic price hikes is highly controversial, Act of 1976, was introduced by Senator in the nation's cities and towns in the year and it seems that most politicians are quick EDWARD KENNEDY, along with other Con­ 1974). to denounce it. In 1974, John c. Sawhill was gressmen who have been active with Although conceding that -che relationship fired as head of the Federal Energy Admin­ between energy consumption and econoinlc istration (FEA) after he said publicly that energy legislation, and promises to be a one of the energy policy options under con­ vehicle by which a major energy conser­ growth is complex, Hayes sees no reason to fear that energy conservation-by which he sideration by the Administration was a 20- vation program can be implemented. means only the elim.tnation of waste, not to 30-cents-per-gallon tax on gasoline. And, Yet in spite of the legislation that we curtailment of any vital services-would last year, the House of Representatives over­ have already enacted, and the potential bring an economic slowdown and hard whelinlngly rejected a "standby" gasoline of the legislation that is now pending times.-L.J.C. tax of 20 cents a gallon. before us, I believe we will have to do Lifting oil price controls has been con­ even more to encourage energy conser­ ENERGY POLICY: INDEPENDENCE BY 1985 MAY troversial enough, not to mention imposing vation. This view is not one that I hold BE UNREACHABLE WITHOUT BTU TAX special new energy taxes. A good many mem­ by myself, nor is it one that I expect the Some progress was made in 1975 by the bers of Congress, particularly among the Ford Admlnistratlon and Congress in their Democrats, have regarded such controls as a Congress to adopt without much more groping, conflict-ridden quest for com­ way to keep the OPEC cartel from dictating debate and a genuine change of mind. prehensive national energy policy, and a what the American consumer pays for petro­ Nevr.rtheless, I believe the price of energy bit more headway is expected this year as leum products and as a necessary restraint 3450 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 on oil company profits. But to many Repub­ as the Civil Aeronautics Board and the Inter­ pending, the citizens of California and other lican members, and quite a few Democrats state Commerce Commission, to report to states may decide that development of as well, price controls--particularly now that Congress on how their policies bear on the nuclear power is to be formally stopped or there is no embargo or other emergency­ efficient use of energy. In addition, the states curtailed. are an affront to the free enterprise philos­ will be encouraged through a new program of The mining and burning of coal also is ophy. grants-in-aid to establish programs of energy slow to increase. In 1975, production of coal Beyond this, controls have been attacked conservation. for domestic consumption was up by only on the grounds that they have taken on an This year the President is asking Congress about 1 percent over the previous year. Al­ increasingly patchwork and arbitrary char­ to complete action on several other meas­ though production should rise substantially acter. Also, it has been frequently charged ures which bear in whole or in part on energy during the next few years, many people in that they discourage production of new oil conservation. These include bills to lift price the coal industry seriously doubt that the by holding down the price of petroleum controls from newly developed supplies of energy independence goal of doubling the products, and, of course, that they encour­ natural gas, fix mandatory energy conserva­ present output by 1985 will be attained. FEA age consumption and hence oil imports. tion standards for all new commercial and officials are watching Congress warily with To support the argument that higher residential buildings, and provide tax credits respect to the Clean Air Act amendments be­ prices produce a major conservation effect, it for home insulation (and 100 percent sub­ cause they think that the tightening of stack, is often pointed out that, with the sharp in­ sidies for insulation in the case of poor fam­ emission standards now under consideration crease in the world market price of oil and ilies) . Congress may go along with all of would itself limit coal consumption sharply. petroleum products brought about by OPEC these propsals, although some significant Prospects for production of oil and natural in late 1973 and early 1974, the United States compromises no doubt will be required (for gas from the outer continental shelf (OCS), is now consuming about 3 million barrels of instance, Congress may insist that the con­ which along with the Alaskan North Slope oil a day less than what was projected sev­ servation standards for new buildings be represents the last frontier for development eral years ago. The economic recession has voluntary instead of mandatory). of these fuels, are also highly uncertain. accounted for maybe half of this, but not But even if all of the energy conservation If anything, the environmental constraints­ more. measures the Administration has proposed and the closely related problem of conflicts President Ford set forth his proposal for (including the decontrol of oil and natural arising between federal and state authori­ immediate decontrol of oil prices, together gas prices) were to be approved and fully ties-are even more acute in this case than with the rest of his energy program, in his implemented by 1985, FEA officials do not in that of coal development. The extent to State of the Union message of January 1975. think that these measures could make up which the oil industry is willing to take on What followed was a year-long battle in for a big shortfall in development of any of the risks of exploring and developing the Congress over the decontrol issue. The wide­ the m.ajor domestic sources of energy sup­ frontier provinces of the OCS is also unclear. spread suspicion that the oil companies ply. Bidding at the recent sale of leases for OCS would in one way or another evade any ex­ Most energy statistics should be taken tracts off southern California was generally cess profits taxes that might be enacted and with a grain of salt, but the following anal­ disappointing. fatten themselves obscenely at the public's ysis by a ranking energy official who be­ In light of these discouraging indications expense made for strong opposition to de­ lieves that a Btu tax will ultimately prove of the prospects for energy independence, control. Also many senators and representa­ necessary seems indicative of the situation there is nothing fanciful about the idea that tives feared that, unless they opposed decon­ that is emerging. As he sees it, the con­ a Btu tax will be necessary if this Adminis­ trol, their constituents would hold them servation effect of the higher energy prices tration goal is to be seriously pursued. The partly accountable for any increase in gaso­ that have followed the Arab embargo of alternative, of course, is for oil imports to line or heating oil prices. 1973-74 is itself enough to keep total ener­ continue at a high and probably increasing The upshot of the prolonged congressional gy consumption in the United States from level and for Americans simply to learn to debate was the compromise providing for the being any higher than the equivalent of live with the possible threat of embargoes­ 40-month phaseout of controls. The existing - abut 50 million barrels of oil a day (mbd), just as the British, French, Germans, Japa­ two-tier pricing system will continue for the which would be some 15 mbd greater than nese, and the people of nearly all other in­ time being, with "old oil" to be sold at sub­ total consumption in 1973. The added ef­ dustrialized countries are living with it. stantially lower prices than those allowed for fect of the various conservation measures If this choice between accepting a Btu tax oil from new fields. It was this compromise which Congress has either already passed and abandoning the energy independence that made possible the Energy Policy and goal is ever to be confronted, unusually bold Conservation Act of 1975, which President or is considering would reduce demand by maybe another 5 OT 6 mbd, thus limiting political leadership will be required. The Ford signed on 22 December, despite the more comfortable course for Congress and pleas from major oil companies that he total consumption to about 44 or 45 mbd. On the supply side, according to this of­ the White House is simply to allow events veto it. ficial, domestic production of energy in to take their course. Although decontrol will be accomplished Certainly, the energy bureaucracy is not only gradually, in its other provisions the act 1985 can be put at not less than the 29 mbd produced today even if one proceeds from likely to speak up on the issue. The official either meets or exceeds most of the Presi­ who referred to a Btu tax as inevitable in dent's other proposals with respect to energy rather pessimistic assumptions, and it probably will be at least 35 mbd. But if it is an interview with this reporter did not want conservation and certain programs needed his name mentioned in connection with it. as a hedge against future embargoes or other no greater than the latter figure, this would mean a gap of about 19 mbd between de­ "I was around when John Sawhill was fired," emergencies. The act .provides for: he remarked. A strategic oil reserve of 150 million bar­ mand and domestic supply. Under these rels to be established within 3 years and circumstances, a prolonged embargo could expanded to a capacity of 400 million bar­ have a crippling effect on the American rels within 7 years. economy because imports would be much Standby authority for the President to im­ greater than what could be replaced out of REMEMBERING FREDERICK pose controls on fuel prices and allocations a strategic reserve of the size planned. DOUGLASS in the event of a national emergency. If energy independence goals were met, Extension of the Energy Supply and Envir­ the difference between demand and domes­ onmental Coordination Act (ESECA) allow­ tic production would be down to 2 or 3 ing the FEA to order utilities, under certain mbd, a level where an e·mbargo would pose HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL conditions, to convert power plants from oil little threat. But while the Administration OF NEW YORK or natural gas to coal. . is still trying to put an optimistic face on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Automobile fuel economy standards stipu­ things, there is reason for pessimism. lating that the pasenger cars of every manu­ Since domestic oil production peaked in Tuesday, February 17, 1976 facturer shall get at least 18 miles per gallon 1970, daily production has been decreasing Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, February by the 1978 model year, with mileage then each year by about 400,000 barrels. The 14 marked the 159th anniversary of the to be improved in stages to 27 .5 by 1985. production from the Alaskan North Slope Fuel economy or energy-efficiency labeling that is to begin in 1978, plus whatever ad­ birth of one of America's most prominent. for automobiles and a wide variety of home ditional oil comes through improved re­ black citizens, Frederick Douglass. A appliances, plus "energy efficiency improve­ covery methods in old oil fields, may only brief biography of this great leader is ment targets" to be prescribed for the ap­ arrest the overall decline, if indeed it ac­ appropriate at this time as it will serve pliances (if necessary, mandatory standards complishes even that. as a reminder to us all that the work in shall ultimately be established). The nuclear industry is in such trouble the area of freedom and equality that Voluntary energy efficiency improvement that many people are saying, with some he started still remains to be finished. targets will be fixed for each of the ten most truth, that a de facto moratorium on fur­ energy-consuming industries, and the FEA ther nuclear development already ·exists. Born into slavery in Maryland in 1817, will monitor the industl'ies' performance. The During 1975, the number of orders for nu­ he was soon sent to a new master in act also mandates conservation standards for clear ree.ctors canceled and deferred was Baltimore, where he learned to read and the management of all federal agencies and several times greater than the number of write. After some disputes and escape requires several key regulatory agencies, such new orders placed. And in referenda now attempts, Douglass was sent to work in February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3451 the shipyards in Baltimore, from where The following editorial from the Feb­ There were 79.8 percent who favored he finally escaped, at the age of 21, to ruary 7 edition of the Observer-Reporter, deregulation; with 17.7 percent opposed New Bedford, Mass. which is published in Washington, Pa., and 2.5 percent undecided. Douglass believed that all slaves should states the case for Thaddeus Kosciuszko On the issue of the civil war in An­ be free and not just the few who were very well, and I commend it to your gola, I asked: Do you favor sending able to escape. He quickly began work­ attention: American military equipment to the ing toward that end upon his arrival in POLISH CONTRIBUTOR anti-Communist factions fighting in this New Bedford by joining the abolitionist Monday, February 9, will be observed in war? movement. His moving speeches led to some quarters in the United ·states as Kos­ The majority, 51.3 percent opposed his being hired as a lecturer for the ciuszko Day. sending military equipment to Angola; Massachusetts Antislavery Society. He This is not the opening gambit of another 43 percent favored sending military wrote his autobiography, "The Narrative of those endless Polish jokes. equipment; and 5.7 percent were un­ of the Life of Frederick Douglass" in It just seems fitting to us that in the decided. Bicentennial year in the month in which the 1845, which forced him to go to England country celebrates the birthda.tes of two The final question concerned the ex­ in exile, as he was still a fugitive slave. Americans, Washington and Lincoln, who piration this year of the authorizing Douglass was one of the early op­ made invaluable contributions to the na­ legislation for the $ 7 billion per year ponents of segregated facilities and had tion, the contributions of Thaddeus Kos­ general revenue sharing program. Four to be dragged from an all-white ·section ci uszko to the same nation should be cited options were listed on the questionnaire: on a train. He also protested against re­ and appreciated. First, prohibiting general revenue shar­ ligious discrimination and in the 1850's Kosciuszkc, with years of the best mili­ ing payments unless our Federal budget he charged that employers were hiring tary training behind him, appeared in Phila­ delphia. in 1776 and offered his services to the is balanced; second, eliminating general white immigrants ahead of black Amer­ Continental Congress. revenue sharing payments to the States, icans. He once said, It can be said that his service to the colo­ which would reduce costs of the program Every hour sees the black man elbowed nies was invaluable, particularly his design­ by $2 billion, but continuing payments to out of employment by some newly arrived ing and planning of the defenses at Sara­ the cities and counties; third, abolishing emigrant whose hunger and whose color are toga where the English forces were turned general revenue sharing entirely; and thought to give him a better title to the back and the course of the American Revo­ fourth, continuing general revenue shar­ place. lution turned in favor of the rebels. After the ing as it is. his war, he was made a brigadier general and Upon return from England in 1847, given a pension and land in Franklin County, On the general revenue sharing issue, he bought his freedom with money he Ohio. Previously, he had been given a slave the large majority-62.4 percent-fa­ earned lecturing on abolitionism and as a reward for completing the fortification vored prohibiting payments unless the settled in Rochester, N.Y. While in that led to the victory at Sara.toga. but re­ budget is balanced. Opinion was fairly Rochester, he started his own newspaper, sponded by freeing the slave immediately. close on the next two options, with 21.3 the North Star. He also led a successful Kosciuszko returned to Poland where he percent favoring payments only to cities attack on segregated schools in that city. became a national hero as a military leader, and counties and 36.3 percent favoring During the Civil War, Douglass per­ patriot and catalyst of social change. It was a:bolishing payments entirely. As a clear on a return visit to this country in 1797 suaded Abraham Lincoln to allow him that he executed a will which saw his lands indication of my constituents' concern in to recruit black soldiers for the Union dedicated to the benefit of American Negroes, this matter, however, only 11.2 percent of Army, and spoke with the President on a document of which Thomas Jefferson was those responding favored continuing the several occasions on the problems of named executor. general revenue sharing program as it is. slavery. As the Civil War ended· and Re­ So Kosciuszko Day is no Polish joke but a construction began, Douglass was quite day on which not only Americans with Polish instrumental in providing suggestions to forebe-ars can be proud but a day for all State legislatures as they sought to deal Americans. LEGISLATION DESIGNED WITH with the newly emancipated black. It might be well, too, in the Bicentennial HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT PROB­ year, to remember that Thaddeus Kosciuszko LEM AMONG VETERANS For most of the remainder of his life, is not alone as a Pole whose contributions Douglass served in several Government must be appreciated. The list contains names positions including recorder of deeds for like Krzyzanowski, Karge and Pulaski. HON. ELWOOD HILLIS the District of Columbia, minister-resi­ dent and consul-general to Haiti, among OF INDIANA other posts. When he died in 1895, his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dream of total equality did not die with REPRESENTATIVE JAMES JONES RE­ Tuesday, February 17, 1976 him. It is alive within all of us who are LEASES QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS Mr. HILLIS. Mr. Speaker, last session aware of what still remains to be done I introduced legislation designed to deal and are willing to work to get it done. with the problem of high unemployment HON. JAMES R. JONES among our veterans and the equally seri­ OF OKLAHOMA ous problem of the lack of recruitment IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and retention of qualified medical per­ REMARKS OF CONGRESSMAN Tuesday, February 17, 1976 sonnel within the Veterans' Administra­ THOMAS E. MORGAN tion hospital system. Many of our Na­ Mr. JONES of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, tion's vete.rans' organizations, medical I recently shared with constituents in schools and other medically oriented HON. THOMAS E. MORGAN Oklahoma's Fil'st Congressional District agencies have expressed their support OF PENNSYLVANIA a summary of the activities of the House for this legislation, and because so many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Representatives during the first ses­ of my colleagues have professed their in­ sion of the 94th Congress. In addition to Tuesday, February 17, 1976 terest, I am today reintroducing this my report on the first session, I asked measure with 20 cosponsors. Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, Monday, voters in my district to give me their Specifically, the bill would provide February 9 was observed throughout views on several issues that would be re­ funds to establish a "pilot program" un­ much of the United States as Kosciuszko ceiving early consideration by the House der which grants, not to exceed $5,000 Day, in honor of the magnificent contri­ in 1976. I would like to take this oppor­ for any full academic year, would be butions of this great patriot to the Amer­ tunity to acquaint my colleagues with awa.rded qualified individuals to attend ican Revolution. our findings of the current views of my medical schools. Upon completion of My congressional district is the home constituents on these issues. training, individuals awarded such of many Polish-Americans, and it is my The first question dealt with the prob­ grants would be required to work in the honor to join with them in saluting lem of natural gas supplies and pricing, Veterans' Administration 1 year for each Thaddeus Kosciuszko. His contributions and asked: Do you favor legislation to full year a scholarship grant was to our great county, as well as his native deregulate the price of new, onshore nat­ received. land, mark him as a remarkable military ural gas as one means of increasing We are all aware that the unemploy­ and humanitarian leader. supplies? ment rate for Vietnam-era veterans is [ ___ _ 3452 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 stagge.ring. As of January 31 of this year, 25335 West Nine Mile Road, Southfield, Mich­ Olympic games are the forum for test­ the unemployment rate for the Vietnam igan to commemorate Lithuania's Independ­ ing that determination. The Olympics veteran-age 20-34-was 18.9 percent. ence Day.. hereby resolved that: We Join and Acknowledge the United provide no monetary rewards; the ath­ An estimated 502,000 veterans-age 20- States' celebration of its Bicentennial; letes who participate are motivated sole­ 34-were unemployed during the month further, ly by a desire to test their skills against of January. This measure would give That we herald the United States' cham­ the best athletes in the world. Leah those veterans and their dependents who pionship of the ideals of freedom for all peo­ Poulos has demonstrated that her skills desire to attend medical school, but can­ ples and nations; further, are equal to that challenge. not afford the continuing spiralling costs, That we recall President Woodrow Wilson's I know that I speak for all of the peo­ priority grant consideratiDn. declaration of the principles of self-deter­ ple of Illinois and the United States in The ability of the largest hospital sys­ mination of nations, which was incorporated into Lithuania's Declaration of Independence saluting her outstanding performance at tem in the world, the Vete.rans' Adminis­ on February 16, 1918; further, Innsbruck. I am confident that the quali­ tration hospital system, to deliver qual­ That during World War II, Soviet Russia ties which enabled Leah Poulos to suc­ ity care is being seriously threatened by broke its treaties with the sovereign State ceed at Innsbruck will be applied to all the lack of qualified professionals. This of Lithuania, occupied it and now holds her future endeavors. We look forward legislation would assist in recruiting pro­ Lithuania in captivity; further, to congratulating her for winning more fessionals to serve within the Veterans' That President Gerald Ford on July 25, medals in the years to come. I am proud Administration health care system and 1975· declared that the United States has not that she is a resident of the 10th Dis­ alleviate the growing shortage of Ameri­ recognized and. will not recognize the illegal incorporation of Lithuania, Latvia and trict of Illinois. can educated medical practitioners. Estonia into the Soviet Union; further, It is my hope that this measure will That the United States House of Repre­ receive the favorable and rapid consid­ sentatives on December 2, 197•5 passed Reso­ eration of the Congress. lution 864 stating that the United States PRIVATE PENSION PLANS wm not recognize the Soviet usurpation o:f Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Be it further resolved, that, We ask the United, States Sen.ate to adopt in the near HON. JAMES M. COLLINS LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY future the Resolution proposed by Carl T. OF TEXAS Curtis and Charles Percy not to recognize IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the incorporation of the Baltic States into Tuesday, February 17, 1976 HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD the Soviet Union. OF MICHIGAN Be it :further resolved that, We thank Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, President Gerald Ford for his declaration IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress needs to take a second look at and the United States House of Representa­ the pension plan bill that was passed Tuesday, February 17, 1976 tives for their resolution. Now, Th.erefore, We empower the Chair­ in 1974. Its regulations will lead to more Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, man of the Day to sign this Resolution an<1 and more of these private pension plans yesterday, February 16, 1976, marked the resolve to send it to the President, the being terminated. These are voluntary 58th observance of Lithuanian Inde­ President of the Senate, the Speaker of the pension plans. Employers are being pendence Day. House of Representatives, and the Sena.tors placed under a tremendous burden of On Sunday, February 15, I had the and Representatives from the State o:f paperwork and regulations, plus per­ honor and privilege of addressing several MiCihigan. sonal liability. Dr. ADGIS BARAUSKAS, Congress was critical of the way that hundred members of Detroit's Lithu­ Chairman of the Day. anian-American community at their STASYS SIMOLIUNAS, private pension plans were slow in vest­ meeting to commemorate this occasion. Secretary. ing. On the other hand, under Congress' It was a proud, and yet solemn, own social security plans we do not vest affair: proud because Detroit's Lithu­ at all. Look at all the pension plans the anian-Americans, like other across this U.S. Government manages. Social secu­ country, are justly proud of their coun­ CONGRATULATIONS TO MS. LEAH rity is in critical financial condition. try's great history and heritage; solemn POULOS ON WINNING A SILVER Pensions for the military have no re­ because Lithuania still lies under the MEDAL AT THE WINTER OLYM­ serves at all. Civil Service pensions are military domination of the Soviet Union. PICS under a deficit reserve of $125 billion. Mr. Speaker, the question of the Soviet The Railroad Retirement Fund has been occupation of Lithuania is an issue which getting special deficiency funds as i't is concerns all Americans, whatever their HON. ABNER J. MIKVA already overextended. Every Govern­ ethnic background. The issue is, very OF ILLINOIS ment plan is a financial failure, yet we simply, the right of a people to be free IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES passed a law in Congress to supervise to choose their own destiny without the Tuesday, February 17, 1976 private pension plans. Private pl,ans are interference of a foreign colonial power. over 99 percent successful where the The House of Representatives last year Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, I would Government has a O percent record. made it clear that it understands the im­ like to take this opportunity to congrat­ This pension bill has created a bo~ plications for all Americans of the uate Leah Poulos of Northbrook, Ill., nanza for actuaries who are consultants occupation of the Baltic States, by unani­ on her second-place finish in the 1,000- for private pension. Disregarding his mously approving House Resolution 864, meter speed skating competition at the beneficial self-interests, William Brett which reaffirmed the sense of Congress winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria. of Dallas spoke out in an honest, straight that the United States continues its Ms. Poulos has been skating for 17 forward manner about the problems that policy of nonrecognition of the Soviet years, and during that time has won the legislation has created. "annexation" of Lithuania, Latvia, and many honors. She was the U.S. outdoor I ask more of my colleagues to join Estonia. champion in 1968 and has brought dis­ me in demanding reconsideration of this The vote on House Resolution 864 was tinction to herself and our country in plan. There were only two of us who formally recognized Sunday by Detroit's numerous international speed skating opposed the original passage of the plan, Lithuanian-Americans in a resolution, events since that time. and my other colleague did not come which calls upon the Senate to enact a Speed skating is a demanding sport back to Congress. similar statement. which requires enormous amounts of Private pension plans provide a tre­ I insert this resolution in the RECORD, hard work and dedication-often with mendous service to so many citizens. Let and wan:. to say that I join in hoping little public acclaim. Because speed us encourage and develop the private that the Senate will act on this matter skaters do not receive the attention pension system. You will ::>e interested without delay. The resolution follov,:s: which other sports enjoy, the will to in the remarks of Mr. Brett in an inter­ RESOLUTION succeed must come primarily from the view to Cheryl Hall of the Dallas Morn­ We, United States citizens of Lithuanian athlete's inner determination to excel. ing News which was written up in the descent residing in the Greater Detroit Area That determination, which Leah Poulos business section. Below are some of the and having met on February 15, 1976 at 1 :OO has demonstrated, is the essence of what highlights of his candid statement in the P.M. at the Lithuanian Cultural Center at is best in athletic competition. And the Dallas Morning News: February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3453 PENSION DISASTER SEEN BY ACTUARY Unfortunately, this freedom and in­ ovating the entire Rankin block, said lay­ (By Cheryl Hall) dependence was short-lived, ending 22 ers and paint and plaster will be stripped from the old fire station, to expose the "fine The mammoth Employe Retirement In­ years later when the Soviet Union in­ older materials underlying". . . come Security Act (better known as ERISA) vaded and occupied Lithuania. But al­ In renovating the interior, as much old is the "worst piece of legislation ever cre­ though the Soviets have seized the land, brick and original wood will be retained as ated," a leading Dallas actuary and con­ they have not dimmed the spirits of possible, to provide a patina not possible in sultant told The Dallas News Wednesday. these brave people. modern construction, he said. William N. Bret Jr., regional vice-presi­ In the face of relentless repression and Mayor Mickle pledged cooperation in re­ dent of A. S. Hansen Inc., one of the nation's persecution, the courage and determina­ pairing the sidewalks and streets along First largest actuary firms, said he believes many Avenue, reminding that such improvements companies around the country will be in tion that secured independence in 1918 has remained steadfast. No amount of in the city were a part of his campaign com­ noncompliance with the law come May 30- mitments. the reporting date-because the law is "un­ Soviet propaganda can hide the fact that "We are going to clean up Columbus, with duly complex, burdensome and it's danger­ all efforts to break the Lithuanian spirit the help of the private sector," Mickle said. ous." have failed, and the flame of freedom "This is a great day . . . I'm thrilled to Starting in 1975, he said, approximately continues to burn brightly in the hearts death,'' the mayor said. 5,600 businesses terminated retirement and of the Lithuanian people. Mickle also indicated that he would co­ pension programs as a result of the new law. As we in this country prepare to cele­ operate with Kamensky and his still un­ He foresees an annual rate of 5,600 more named partners in efforts to get the over­ companies giving up programs for several brate 200 years of freedom, it is fitting that we pause and pay tribute to these head wiring removed from First Avenue, and years to come. in removing all overhanging signs. "I'm somewhat surprised there haven't courageous people, and recommit our­ Brinkley, equally enthusiastic about the been more already," Bret said. "From our selves to their continuing struggle to re­ start of work on Rankin Square, brought own experience, the companies with 30 or gain their rightful place in the free along his own hammer and a nail, which he fewer employes with defined benefit plans world. left in one of the wood doors to the fire will seriously cons'ider terminating those station. policies." "This makes me feel proud, to see someone He attributed this trend away from re­ take the bull by the horns,'' he said. "It's tirement programs and other employe bene­ WORK UNDERWAY ON RANKIN SQUARE good for you,'' he told Kamensky. "It's good fit plans to the reporting, disclosure and stiff for Columbus." liability aspects of ERISA . . Kamensky said today that he and a group "We can give full credit to Congress," Bret HON. JACK BRINKLEY of businessmen who have taken an option said in an interview, adding that the con­ on the hotel and other buildings in the Ran­ OF GEORGIA gressional vote on ERISA was 379 to two in kin block hope to have title to everything by the House and unanimous in the Senate. 1.N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES September. · "As a consulting firm, we find ourselves Tuesday, February 17, 1976 It will take about that long to obtain needing more actuaries, men of insight, men clearance from the Georgia secretary of state of much greater capacity," he said. His Dallas Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I am for the new limited partnership corporation ofilce grew by 50 per cent last year, will grow sure most of us have seen too many cases of "more than 12 people" who will own the another 50 per cent this year, and he doesn't of downtown business districts decaying property, he said. really know how much larger it will grow while business booms on the outskirts in The Rankin Square redevelopment, to be from there." carried out over a four-year period, will be Most companies will find it necessary to the large suburban centers. In many places, reversal of that trend is beginning managed by a separate new corporation With have one personnel ofilcer and one financial three partners, he said. officer and their staffs just to deal with to be seen, and I am proud to say that The first phase of redevelopment will be on ERISA, he contended. Columbus, Ga., is one of them. First Avenue, taking in everything except The real danger in the law, as Bret sees Mr. Harry Kamensky is a concerned, one service station on the corner of First and it, is the personal liability involved. Not only civic-minded Columbus businessman, and 11th Street. can the corporation be sued under the law, nothing he has done in this connection Future phases call for redeveloping the but so can the individual, be it a named Rankin Hotel courtyard and the hotel itself. fiduciary, an asset manager or a plan ad- is more impressive than his most recent minis~~- · venture-the rehabilitation of an entire The individual could be sued for his home block. The Columbus Ledger of 1',eb­ and other possessions, which Bret is afraid ruary 9 tells the story, and I am pleased of, because he's among those who could be to share this good news with my KRUEGE.R-BROYHILL SUBSTITUTE sued. colleagues. The reason many companies will be in WORK UNDER WAY ON RANKIN SQUARE noncompliance with the law come May 30, HON. TOM HAGEDORN he said, is because the reporting forms are (By Constance Johnson) not yet out, nor are the final regulations Mayor Jack Mickle wielded a crowbar. Con­ OF MINNESOTA concerning various aspects of the law. gressman Jack Brinkley swung a long-han­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "People are going ahead with ESOPs (em­ dled hammer. Tuesday, February 17, 1976 ploye stock ownership plans) not knowing And the boards came tumbling down to­ what the final regulations are going to be," day from the first buildings to be renovated Mr. HAGEDORN. Mr. Speaker, I would Bret said. "We're working with the bare­ for Rankin Square. like to speak in support of the so-called bones minimum." Eight days after Columbus businessman Krueger-Broyhill substitute to H.R. 9464, Approximately 750,000 plans and trusts Harry Kamensky announced plans to pur­ the Natural Gas Emergency Act. I am will have to be filed and reported this year chase and redevelop half of the Rankin Hotel sure that each and every Member would u~der the new law, he said. block, work began on 1041-43 First Avenue, which a century ago housed Muscogee No. 3 prefer that the price of natural gas be fire company. kept as low as possible. For many years, More recently, one of the two buildings was however, its price has been controlled at the locale of a "peep show" offering 25-cent the wellhead-that is, the price paid by LITHUANIA INDEPENDENCE mini movies and adult books at "discount" the pipeline to the original supplier-and prices. kept substantially lower than the market Kamensky, beaming with pride, said today price. The inevitable result of these con­ HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD renovations of the two buildings should be OF MICHIGAN completed in about four months as a model trols has been to sharply reduce new sup­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for the projected "$3.5 million Rankin plies of gas, while discouraging its con­ servation and increasing demands for Tuesday, February 17, 1976 Square." One of the buildings will be used as offices consumption. While substantial surpluses Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, yes­ for Rankin Square Inc., and the other wm have developed in nonregulated intra­ terday marked the celebration of the be available for lease-possibly to a fire in­ state markets, at higher prices, FEA fig­ 58th anniversary of the reestablishment surance firm-Kamensky said. ures indicate that actual curtailments of the independent state of Lithuania. Joining Brinkley, Mickle and Kamensky for of natural gas were 19 percent in 1975 in a work-starting ceremony were Brown Nich­ regulated interstate market.5-an in­ After years of struggle and sacrifice, the olson Jr., executive director of the Columbus people of this Baltic nation achieved the Housing Authority, architect Rozier Ded­ crease of almost 100 percent over similar restoration of their status as a free and wy'lder and contractor Ed Gates. figures for 1974. Unless something is done independent state in 1918. Dedwylder, who has drawn pla.ns for ren- to enable natural gas prices 1io rise to CXXII--219-P.art 3 3454 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 more realistic levels, it seems certain that ing shortage will reach them also. And to refill New England pipelines, will be such curtailment figures will continue to long before this, industrial users denied more severely regulated by this legisla­ rise. In Minnesota these curtailments the necessary amounts of fuel, will find tion than ever before. will be especially burdensome to indus­ it necessary to lay off workers and limit It is certainly not my intention, at trial users, particularly in the paper and expansion. The Midwest and the Central any time, to defend the honor of the gas food industries. It is estimated that a 20 Atlantic Coast States are expected to and oil industries. Obviously they are in percent curtailment rate in Minnesota first feel the brunt of this situation. In need of extensive rehabilitation in order could deny employment to 47,000 manu­ view of the long leadtime required for to win the respect of the American pub­ facturing workers. the production of gas, I believe that we lic. However, Mr. Speaker, in consider­ The Krueger-Broyhill substitute estab­ must immediately proceed with a realis­ ing an issue of such far-reaching impor­ lishes both a temporary "emergency" tic policy of decontrol. tance, as the deregulation of natur.al gas, plan to meet the current shortage of nat­ we, as Representatives, must look beyond ural gas, and a long-term plan to insure the accusations of improbity and the increased gas supplies at reasonable soiled public image of the industry to prices. To meet the immediate crisis, the THE NONSOLUTION consider how the industry can best serve amendment permits 180-day emergency the consuming public's energy needs. In purchases of nonprice controlled gas by the case of Connecticut, Mr. Speaker, I interstate pipelines to meet the needs of HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY am convinced that the solution includes their high priority customers, and pro­ OF CONNECTICUT adequate supples through effective de­ hibits the use of natural gas as a boiler IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES control. fuel-with compensation to affected Tuesday, February 17, 1976 users. To meet the long-term problem a Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, the gradual and orderly phaseout of price ARMING EGYPT controls is set up. "New gas," defined as American people have been foiled again. gas dedicated to interstate commerce for Under the guise of inspiring healthy the first time on or after January 1, 1976, competition, opponents of the deregula­ and gas from expiring interstate con­ tion of natural gas have taken unfair HON. JOSHUA EILBERG tracts, would be immediately deregu­ advantage of the highly questionable OF PENNSYLVANIA lated for onshore production. "New" off­ public image of the gas and oil industries IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to produce an ineffectual piece of legis­ shore gas would be deregulated on Janu­ Tuesday, February 17, 1976 ary 1, 1981. The Federal Power Commis­ lation that will do little more than tem­ sion would be emPQwered to set price porarily mollify the anger of the small Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, there ceilings for all other gas through 1980 consumer. have been very disturbing reports in the on the basis of factors enumerated in the The measure passed by the House media recently that the administration amendment. A priority would be estab­ Thursday, February 5, will not only con­ is planning an arms deal with Egypt. lished for agricultural users. tinue to regulate approximately 75 per­ These reports have disturbed a great Since only approximately 25 percent cent of all natural gas production but many Americans because the only reason of the cost of natural gas to the final will extend these restrictions to the pre­ Egypt would need more military equip­ consumer is determined by the wellhead viously unregulated intrastate market. ment would be to attack Israel which we price-the other 75 percent attributable Congress is responsible to alleviate the are arming to defend itself against primarily to transportation costs-and problem-an annual 10-percent curtail­ Egyptian aggression. At this time I enter since only approximately 7 percent of ment of gas supplies to the New England into the RECORD a letter I sent to Secre­ the total gas in circulation would consist pipelines which increasingly endangers tary of State, Henry Kissinger, concern­ of "new" gas each year, I do not believe the viability of important industries, ing this matter, as well as a column by that there would be substantially in­ utilities, and even hospitals in the North­ William Saft.re on the same subject: creased costs to the user of this fuel. In east. By deregulating only 25 percent of WASHINGTON, D.C., the long run, decontrol is likely to bring the national production in this field we February 10, 1976. down the cost of natural gas by introduc­ cannot possibly hope to effectively allevi­ Hon. HENRY KISSINGER , ing new supplies into the economy. Do­ ate more than 25 percent of New Eng­ Secretary of State, land's burden. Department of State, mestic drilling is currently less than half Washington, D.C. of what it was 20 years ago. Rather than Furthermore, Mr. Speaker, the passage of this "compromise" has undoubtedly DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I am very disturbed artificially holding down the price of gas, about reports in the media of an impending and in the process discouraging such eliminated any significant chance of pro­ arms deal between the United States and drilling, real economic incentives must viding this country with a critically Egypt. If these reports are accurate, I fail to be provided for locating more gas. The needed, long awaited, national program see any logical reason why the United States Federal Energy Administration estimates to increase natural gas productivity. The should be supplying arms to the Egyptians. that immediate deregulation of "new" bill approved by the House holds Iittle At this time we are the main supplier of substantive similarity to the natural gas arms to Israel. The reason we sell these arms natural gas would increase the average to Israel is so that country can defend itself residential gas user's bill by $10.21 in legislation passed by the Senate which deregufates all "new" onshore natural against its declared enemies of which Egypt 1976; the Federal Power Commission is the most serious and powerful. It does not estimates only a $9 increase by 1980. gas contracted to the interstate market make any sense to arm our friend's worst Several nongovernmental studies esti­ on or after January 1, 1976, and all off­ enemy. mate the increase to be in the same gen­ shore gas 5 years hence. The probability The only use for which milltary equipment eral range. Whatever the increased cost, of conferees successfully reconciling the we send to Egypt can be put is to attack at least there will be adequate supplies differences in these two bills without Israel, a. country with such a. poor internal sacrificing the entire intent of either economy is certainly no prize for any other available. An increase in the wellhead country to conquer so Egypt has no real price of 50 cents for new contracts would appears negligible. This country will then be forced to endure another year without needs for additional arms of any type other result in an increased production of 3 to than to strengthen its bargaining position the needed solution to this impending and military position against Israel. 5 trillion cubic feet per year after about crisis. 2 or 3 years. All of the reports I have seen about the Surely, few· New England gas con­ situation in Egypt indicate that that country If this Nation does not soon embark sumers could, or should, be satisfied with is on the verge of economic collapse. Certain­ upon some plan of decontrol, ,the price this non-solution to their shortage prob­ ly a country which has severe problems feed­ of all forms of energy is going to soar­ lem. Surely, Connecticut consumers can ing its people adequately, if at all, a lack of when it is available. Conversions from find little solace in the deregulation of skilled workers and a system of public serv­ gas to oil will result in bills at least $350 the more than 5,500 independent produc­ ices which is antiquated and unreliable at a year higher for the average residential best should not be burdened with further ing companies, who, 1n toto, account for cost for military equipment. If we are to sup­ user, with all other forms of substitute only 25 percent of the annual national ply any assistance to Egypt-and I am not fuel being at least as costly. We can es­ yield. This is especially frustrating in advocating such assistance-it should be in tablish priorities for residential users, view of the fiact that the 30 or fewer a form which would provide direct help to its but at some point the effects of the grow- mrajor producers, who have the potential people. If there was ever a country which February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3455 needed plowshares instead of swords it is has an enormous advantage. Giving Egypt located. This is a problem of concern, Egypt. such an insight into Israeli defense does not therefore, to us all. For all these reasons I am firmly opposed win a friend, it loses a deterrent to war. to any sale or other means of supplying arms The central idea on which we base m111tary The Friends of the Earth recently en­ to Egypt and hope that you will inform me aid to Israel is that a strong Israel is less dorsed H.R. 9505. I welcome the support in the very near future that such a policy is likely to be attacked: When Arabs believe of this environmental organization and not being contemplated. they will lose a war, they do not start a again echo my call for cosponsors. Sincerely, war. Today, that sensible idea is being turned The article·follows: JOSHUA EI.LBERG. on its head. The Ford Administration is FRIENDS OF THE EARTH saying that if Egyptian arms come partly EXPORTING POLLUTION: WHAT DOES IT COST from the United States, Egypt will then be­ ARMING EGYPT come hooked on our military hardware, and Us? (By William Safire) Mr. Sadat can be counted on to do his In September, Representative Dominick friend Henry a favor and not use those arms Daniels (D-N.J.) introduced a. bill to estab­ WASHINGTON .-The Ford Administration lish a commission on unemployment caused has begun to prepare American public opin­ in attacking Israel. Rarely has such inverted logic been presented as the basis for a mil­ by the dispersion of hazardous industries to ion for the gift of United States planes, mis­ other parts of the world. So far the bill has siles and m111tary communications equip­ itary assistance proposal. The only "leverage" we will ever have on been referred to the Committee on Educaition ment to Egypt. and Labor, but nothing much has happened - In its opening stages, this persuasion effort Egypt will come from economic aid and the puts forth the general proposition in a deft building of connective tissue of investment to lit since. This is an important bill because and trade. If we help Mr. Sadat feed, clothe it will examine the effects of U.S. companies denial of specifics. Says Mr. Ford's Secretary sending their hazardous industries abroad to of State: "I don't think we will be prepared and house impoverished Egyptians, they will react as human beings do everywhere, by circumvent restrictive US occupational safe­ at this moment to make any specific com­ ty laws. mitments of military aid, but we will be pre­ wanting more food and clothing and shelter, not more opportunity to starve and bleed in Mr. Daniels postulates that some of the pared to discuss the problem with him [Mr. effects of this trend are that people in other Sadat 1 in general terms." another round of war. I think of a young Israeli lieutenant, born countries are exposed to dangerous indus­ Then, as White House sources assured us tries, that the dispersion of industries ere.ates that Mr. Sadat had not come on this first in Albany, N.Y., stationed now at the Al­ lenby Bridge, helping Arabs move back and unemployment and balance of payments visit with a specific arms shopping list, De­ problems in the US, and that the US indus­ fense Secretary James Schlesinger told Bar­ forth across the border to visit their fam­ bara Walters on television: "I think it would ilies. The thought of his being the target of tries that do comply with domestic regula­ be advisable from the standpoint of Amer­ an American-built missile, guided by Amer­ tions are therefore faced with unfair com­ ican-built technology, and delivered by an petition. He wants the commission to investi­ ican policy to achieve a diversification of the gate these questions. sources of arms going to Egypt." American-built jet aircraft the next time · That mushmouthed euphemism-"diversi­ Egypt feels strong enough to attack is more FOE thinks this commission is a good idea. fication of the sources of arms"-means, in than a little disturbing. Exporting our hazardous industries to plague plain words, giving military equipment to It will not help to then say that the means the other people of the world does not solve Egypt as soon as Americans will hold still of killing him was provided by the American the problem of making those industries fit for laborers and could allow hazardous sub­ for it. taxpayer in the name of "diversification ot The argument for such "diversification" the sources of arms." stances to filter into the US marketplace goes like this: Since we provide Israel with through these imported products. Also, allow­ arms, why not Egypt as well? That would ing industries to circumvent the Congress's intended clean-up of work places and prod­ show how evenhanded we are. And if we do ucts sem a bad example for other clean-up not give Mr. Sadat the arms he wants, he COMMISSION ON UNEMPLOYMEN'r might go back to the Russians and get all projects. Environmental victories in the US he wants from them. Thus we would lose our CAUSED BY THE DISPERSION OF wm be rendered worthless if the result is to leverage, or control, over Egypt. HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIES foist the problems off on the rest of the world. But let's go to the basic reason for sending If the commission is established and American arms to the Mideast. Israel needs funded in the coming session of Congress, its arms to defend herself against invasions by report will probably be available by the Egypt, which take place on the average of HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS scheduled date of 1978. Then we can start once every five years. Egypt, on the contrary, OF NEW JERSEY thinking about legi:sLation, both in Congress and in international bodies, to prevent US does not need arms to defend herself against IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aggression by Israel, which has never hap­ industries from exploding foreign workers pened. The only reason Egypt ever needs Tuesday, February 17, 1976 while at the same time aggravating domestic unemployment problems. arms is to help her threaten, and ultimately Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. attack, Israel. What You Can Do: Write to your Repre­ Speaker, on September 10, 1975, I in­ sentative and urge him or her to cosponsor Is it a f.. tep toward peace for America to become an arms supplier to Egypt, helping troduced H.R. 9505, a bill to create a Representative Daniels' H.R. 9505. Ask the her win back the land she lost in her in­ Commission on Unemployment caused Committee on Education and Labor to hold vasion before last? No. Sometimes "even­ by the dispersion of hazardous industries. hearings on it soon, so it can get to the floor handedness' asks too much. If the recent The Subcomittee on Manpower, Com­ for passage. It will help analyze some of our agreement Egypt signed not to attack Israel pensation, and Health and Safety, which unemployment, balance of payments, and for nearly four years means anything at all, environmental problems all at the same I chair, has received studies indicating time-a very good idea.. it means that Egypt does not need fresh that certain U.S. industries are relocat­ military assistance. The gift of arms will hardly be an incentive to keep the truce. ing their industrial and manufacturing What about the "leverage" we would get processes abroad in an attempt to cir­ if we were one of Egypt's arms suppliers? cumvent the intent of Congress and PUTTING GOVERNMENT SECRETS The premise is false. Right now Egypt is avoid compliance with U.S. occupational IN PERSPECTIVE buying arms, with Saudi Arabian money, safety and health laws. from France and Britain. Right now, Egypt's I urge my colleagues to join me in next-door neighbor, oil-rich Libya, is buying sponsoring this bill. HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. arms at a great rate from the Soviet Union, We cannot turn our backs on a prob­ which will make it the arsenal of anti-de­ OF CALIFORNIA mocracy in the next shift of Arab alUances. lem which has immense impIi cations IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES both at home and abroad. American If we were to add American arms to the Tuesday, February 17, 1976 Egyptian arsenal, can it be seriously argued . workers are displaced as companies ex­ that an American threat to cut off future port jobs overseas rather than provide a Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. contributions of arms would stop the safe and healthful work environment in Speaker, we are currently going through Egyptians from attacking when they felt this country's workplaces. another spat of stories about the danger strong enough to win? Again, no. They would Additionally, foreign workers in na­ of Government secrets becoming public, simply say, "If you cut-off military aid, we'll tions without job safety and health and how this public knowledge of the go back to the Russians." Some "leverage." standards are now being exposed to toxic Government's business threatens our Moreover, the supply of the same sophisti­ cated communications equipment, missiles substances manufactured by hazardous democracy. These charges are nothing and planes to Egypt as we sell to Israel industries. new, and probably do not deserve seri­ would severely undercut the value of the I contend that these industries are ous comment. We, in Congress, should Israelis' arms. When an attacker is trained contributing to the degradation of the not allow any agency, whether it is the 1n the defender's equipment, the attacker environment, no matter where they are Department of Agriculture, the Depart- 3456 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 ment of Commerce, the Environmental ple these chips have been ordered by the employees are offered a salary level at Protection Agency or the Central Intel­ Federal Reserve Board and have to do with the first GS grade equivalent to the work the private affairs of banks. When Congress ligence Agency, to withhold information demands to see the secret papers in the Fed's performed in State service. For many, from us or the American people unless files, the Federal Reserve Bank will send this will constitute a 20-percent pay cut. it is of a very extraordinary nature. We these over. The arbitrariness of this outdated civil all know that most secrets are not either "Obviously they're so complicated th~t no service provision is unconscionable. Not extraordinary or secret, but merely at­ one can understand them. But since they only will these employees be performing tempts by people and organizations to have a lot of bulk to them the Committees essentially the same function as before keep their operations out of the public are usually satisfied. The people over there and at the saine establishments, these eye and away from public scrutiny. are working on energy secrets, and down individuals are long-term employees with there they are dealing with agricultural ex­ Maybe we take this issue too seri­ ports. Our job is to see that no one c·an job experience equivalent to Federal in­ ously. I read an article over the weekend make heads or tails out of them." spectors who rank at least fifth in the which struck me as at least plausible, Before we went into the next room Zankel GS grade system. These contradictions even though it was meant to be satire. made me put ·on rubber boots. We entered are compounded by the fact that one­ I recommend the following Art Buchwald a hall with 3 inches of water on the floor. half of the current meat inspection column to my colleagues who are in­ "This is probably our most difficult work. costs-including salaries-have been terested in the subject of secrecy. We have to make secrets here that can be footed by the Federal Government to The article follows: leaked." date. It would seem that agreement had "You have government orders for secrets been reached over the appropriateness of [From the Washington Post, Feb. 15, 1976] that leak?" I asked in surprise. LIFE INSIDE THE SECRET FACTORY "It's one of our biggest items. High govern­ this salary rate and, therefore, that a pay (By Art Buchwald) ment officials are constantly leaking secrets cut is not in order. Probably the biggest business in Washing­ to the press, and pretending surprise that Furthermore, this transition also ton is the manufacturing of seorets. In the the secret got out. We've developed a con­ means the forfeiture of existing sick past 20 years the demand for secrets has in­ tainer which can hold a secret in a solid leave, vacation and retirement benefits creased tenfold, and because the government state until the word goes out it should be thus far accrued under State service. can not keep up with it, all federal agencies leaked. Then by just twisting this tab, the There are very few employees who will are now sub-contracting their orders for secret becomes soluble and leaks all over be able to weigh the estimated fiscal year secrets to private industry. town." "Fantastic," I said. 1976 savings to the State of $400,000 I visited one of these secret manufacturing versus their personal loss of retirement factories the other day. It is callel Hush "It's our biggest item. Between Henry Hush Ltd., and is located in a suburb out­ Kissinger, Pat Moynihan and the Congres­ security and earned leave benefits. Is it side Washington. sional Committee investigating the CIA, we any wonder why the U.S. citizenry is dis­ Arnold Zankel, one of the founders of the can't keep them in stock." enchanted by American Government? company, was my escort. My bill addresses these serious prob­ "We're going 24 hours a day," he said lems and creates equitable transition proudly. "Everyone in government is desper­ provisions for all affected employees. ate for se<:rets and they all need them im­ CALIFORNIA MEAT INSPECTION Under these new regulations, any such mediately." employee will be assumed by the Fed­ "I thought the CIA hearings and the dis­ closures about the FBI and the Watergate HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM eral Government at a GS salary level scandal would have hurt your business." equal to his former State rate or at the OF CALIFORNIA Federal step exceeding his former pay by "Au contra.ire," said Zankel. "As soon as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a secret is revealed to the public, the agency the least amount. Credit will be granted involved orders a new one to replace it. The Tuesday, February 17, 1976 for time and money put toward tenure, demand for full dlJSclosure of what the gov­ Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, legisla­ leave, life insurance, sick leave, and re­ ernment ls up to has made every govern­ tention credit. All employees will have ment department search for more sophisti­ tion for the good of the American public cated secrets that can't be discovered." does occasionally come before us: Today the opportunity to receive credit for Zankel took me into a large room which I am introducing just such a bill. A seg­ Federal annuity computations. In short, was completely automated. There were ma­ ment of the California work force­ this legislation asks the Civil Service chines typing up documents and other whose work is crucial to the entire Na­ Commission to treat its new employees machine typing them "Confidential." tion-is currently facing economic dis­ fairly. I do not consider this an unrea­ "This is our bread and butter business," aster. California meat and poultry in­ sonable request. he explained. spectors-hereto!ore employed under the · This remedial legislation, prompted by "We supply 80 percent of all the con­ a California experience, has nationwide fidential papers used by the federal gov­ State-Federal wholesome meat and poul­ ernment." try inspection program-are about to implications. An unprecedented number "How do they order them?" be absorbed in the Federal work force. of States have recently terminated their "By the ton. We might get a call from The State has determined its participa­ similar . participation-Massachusetts, HEW or HUD and they'll say we need three tion in this program to be too costly, Connecticut, Tennessee, Colorado, New tons of confidential papers for the week." and is thus shifting the burden entirely York, New Jersey-with an unknown "Don't they specify what kind they want?" onto the shoulders-and the coffers-of number contemplating such a switch. "No, confidential papers do not have a high the Federal Government. Meanwhile, State-Federal grain inspec­ rating in the government, but it does tion programs have been recommended m ake the department look good to have them First, let me inform you that I deplore in thair files. So nobody really cares what's this irresponsibility on the part of the for stricter Federal control. Another f ac­ on them. We just program our electric type­ State of California. I am indeed aware tor not to be overlooked is the serious writers t o type up anything that looks offi­ of the necessity for implementation of repercussion of employee disenchant­ cial, then we stamp them "Confidential," austerity-level budgets. However, tossing ment which could ripple throughout the bale them in 100-pound packages, send them the ball back to the Federal Government food production industry were these over by truck and throw them on the steps does not change the price tag: It just of the agency every morning." equalizations not effectuated. This legis­ We came to some swinging doors. "This spreads the cost around to more Ameri­ lative action is supported by the Califor­ is something that might interest you," Zan­ can taxpayers. The State knew this was nia State Personnel Board, the Calif or­ kel said. The large airy room had three long an expensive program at the outset, but nia State Department of Food and Agri­ tables at which were seated men and women believed State administration and input culture, the California State Employees' in white smocks. They were working on bind­ to be more effective than long-distance Association, the California Meat Inspec­ ing volumes of mimeographed papers. Federal meddling. I am sorry to see the "What are they doing?" Feds assume complete jurisdiction over tors Association, and a concurrent reso­ 'They're binding secrets to be subpoen'aed. this program, with all the bureaucratic lution adopted by the California State These are secrets that can be given to Con­ haggling that entails. Legislature. The proposed transition gressional committees." However, the decision has been made­ date is April 1, 1976; I urge my colleagues Zankel explained, "Congress is demand­ to join me in insuring that evenhanded ing more and more secrets from the execu­ and the immediate repercussions are se­ tive branch of the government. So we are rious. When the Federal Government re­ employee compensation replaces what manufacturing secrets especially tailored to tains the employees of such an enterprise could become a most dangerous prece­ satisfy Congression·a1 subpoena.es. For exam- upon the transition of the program, these dent. February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3457 HOW TO CREATE JOBS The biggest obstacle to job creation in the too old. His previous history of credit U.S. today is Congress, which has erroneously was excellent, yet it was not taken into convinced itself that any moderation of cor­ consideration when he applied for the porate taxes is robbery for fat-cat stockhold­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE ers and executives. The typical reaction was loan on the mortgage. A 64-year-old OF ILLINOIS expressed bluntly by Al Ullman, chairman of stockholder who has lived in the same IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the House Ways and M~ans Committee, after house for 26 years and held the same job for 46 years is denied a credit card. A Tuesday, February 17, 1976 listening to Treasury Secretary William Simon lay out proposals to ease the capital widow, receiving a good pension from a Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, there is crunch last summer. "A ripoff," snorted major insurance company plus income much discussion about the need to create Ullman. from social security, with a substantial more jobs, but too often that discussion Instead of rejecting such ideas, Ullman and bank account is refused a credit card. other congressmen should look at the model relates to what is politically popular being set by Sweden, often considered the Why are not they eligible for a loan or rather than what is economically appro- archetype welfare state. Business has thrived a credit card? For the same reason that priate. · in a cllmate that many U.S. businessmen the physician was turned down-age! In order to provide jobs, the American would consider unendurable because the And these are not isolated cases. The economy must generate capital invest­ government and the trade unions both rec­ American Association of Retired People ment. Experts believe that our industrial ognize that productive investments by profl.t­ asked for feedback from members who plant will need at least $4 trillion in new making business enterprises are the source feel they had been discriminated against of the goods and services, the jobs, the per­ capital investment funds in order to sup­ sonal incomes, and thus the tax revenues when applying for credit. The initial re­ port the economy and the American peo­ that finance so much of Sweden's social sponse was 500 letters, the second re­ ple adequately in the next 10 years. benefits. quest netted another 500 letters, and In recent testimony, Secretary of the The Swedish government, says Prime Min­ many months later, letters are still com­ Treasury William Simon declared that, ister Olaf Palme (BW-Dec. 22) is "very kind" ing in, not by trucks, but by substantial The desired results will require govern­ to companies that invest in expansion and numbers. Enough letters to know that a ment pollcies which will moderate inflation modernization of their plants. The Swedes lot of retired people are not getting full and balance the federal budget over time in encourage corporate investment with an as­ application for a loan or a credit card. order to avoid diverting needed capital away tonishing array of tax breaks and other in­ Just because you are 65 does not mean from investment and into the financing of centives, including a. tax-free write-off of up you no longer have any use for a credit chronic government deficits. A continuation to 40 % of earnings if they are set aside a.s of the fiscal and monetary distortions of the reserves for capital spending. card. Many places require evidence form past decade wlll only frustrate our capital in­ In contrast, the U.S. Congress is doing a.11 of credit when cashing a check and what vestment efforts and lead to still more seri­ the wrong things by discouraging corporate is an elderly citizen going to do, if he or ous economic problems in the future. investment. Its failure to understand how she is denied a credit card? For elderly jobs are generated worsens the difficult un­ people with a fear of being mugged or The answer is not for the Congress to employment problem and threatens to put robbed, a credit card eliminates the need appropriate public funds which we do not the U.S. on the same road that has led to the destruction of British economic power. for carrying a large amount of money. have for jobs which produce nothing of Reaching the magic age of 65, where value but simply provide the illusion of you suddenly find the adjectives "sen­ problem solving. The real answer may be ior" or "elderly" plentiful does not mean found in the Job Creation Act, a bill SENIOR CITIZENS DESERVE CREDIT that you no longer have the need or the which I have cosponsored with a number desire to buy a car or a home or to im­ of my colleagues. The aim of this legisla­ prove the one you are living in. People tion is to create the capital investment HON. JOE MOAKLEY over 65 have just as much the right to which will produce the real jobs neces­ OF MASSACHUSETTS obtain a credit card or a loan as does sary to restore health to our economy. anyone else. In a recent editorial, Business Week IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, February 17, 1976 Age should not be the sole determiner declared that, by which you are either denied or The only answer for the United States is Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I have granted credit. It seems to me that credit to create productive jobs in the private sec­ spoken before of the problems facing the tor. To do that will take major surgery on the worthiness-that is the ability to pay tax laws, which currently deter, if not pen­ elderly and again, today, I address this loan or credit installments-should be alize, investments and sop up money that topic. the criterium. While many seniors are could go into new products, new markets I don't think that the average Ameri­ not employed, this fact should not be and new plants. can is fully cognizant of the many in­ held against them when they apply for justices that many of our citizens face a line of credit. Business Week notes that, because of their age. We are aware of ... the U.S. Congress is doing all the Credit worthiness should be based on wrong things by discouraging corporate in­ discrimination against women and mi­ the income, the assets and the previous vestment. Its failure to understand how jobs norities when applying for credit and credit record of the person in question, are generated worsens the difficult unemploy­ loans, but many do not realize that the not on whether or not that person is ment problem and threatens to put the same things happen to our senior citi­ employed. Indeed, retirement income and United States on the same road that has led zens. social security are more reliable and reg­ to the destruction of British economic power. All of us want a fully integrated so­ ular than income derived from a job I wish to share the editorial, "How To ciety. We need a society composed of presently held. Why older people are Make Jobs," as it appeared in the De­ citizens who feel that they have some discriminated against when they're ap­ cember 29, 1975 issue of Business Week, stake in society and that what they do plying for credit confounds me. Logically, with my colleagues, and insert it into the or say makes a difference. Without this it does not follow. An older person has RECORD at this time: feeling of efficacy, the United States can­ had a lifetime in which to establish a not function and all of us are the worse credit rating so that by the age of 60, a How To MAKE JoBs for it. A fully integrated society does not It is immoral as well as inefficient and lending institution knows whether or not wasteful for an economy as rich and diversi­ exclude any group. We do not have this that person is a good or bad credit risk. fied as the United States to live with an unity as long as 10 percent of our popu­ Older people are more settled. Many have unemployment rate of over 7% for long pe­ lation is abused, neglected, and discrim­ held one job for a number of years and riods of time. And it is even more wasteful inated against. Our senior citizens de­ in many cases, they have lived in the and inefficient to try to solve the unemploy­ serve equal treatment in all areas, not same place for an equal period of time. ment problem by putting the jobless on in just a few. Older people have fewer demands on public payrolls. I find it appalling that 10.2 percent of The only answer for the U.S. is to create our population only gets 1.4 percent of their income than, for example, a young productive jobs in the private sector. To do all loans issued. I find it equally shocking couple of 30 with a huge mortgage to that will take major surgery on the tax that a 67-year-old physician, whose an­ pay and a growing family to support. In laws, which currently deter, if not penalize, many cases, seniors homes have already investments and sop up money that could go nual income is $30,000, is refused a mort­ into new products, new markets, and new gage by a bank with which he has been been or are about to be paid for. People plants. doing business for 37 years, because he is over 65 have had a number of years in 3458 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 which to build up their bank accounts, A man who believes that a vital part The political sagacity of a Thomas buy stocks, and accumulate a number of of his ministry is to bring comfort to the Jefferson is reflected in Bishop Kelsey in assets. sick and disabled, Bishop Kelsey has the fact that he is one of the most in­ Why then, are so many denied credit successfully combined our modern com­ fluential leaders of the important Com­ cards and loans? For no other reason munication technology with the power of mittee of 100 Ministers in Washington, than the fact that they are "old." They God's message to reach the sick and D.C. are no longer "young" in a society that shut-in. In 1943, he inaugurated a weekly I consider it a privilege to submit this caters to the "young." This denial leads broadcast that brought to the homes of testimonial in recognition of Bishop many to feel isolated and cut off from the thousands of Washingtonians his com­ Samuel Kelsey, a great American, who mainstream of American life. As one passionate and spiritually uplifting ser­ has earned by his deeds the respect and woman put it, "It is a great way to make mons. These weekly broadcasts have admiration of the citizens of our Na­ one feel like a nonperson." Another continued for over 30 years. The voice of tion's Capital as a founding father of woman said she felt as if she were 100 Bishop Kelsey coming over the air waves religious leadership. years old when she was refused a ctedit singing "Little boy, how old are you­ card. say I am only 12 years old" was an in­ Our senior citizens need not feel this spiration to me and countless thousands way. They certainly do not deserve it. of young people in my own childhood. ECOLOGY AND TIMBER-NOT Their integration, not segregation, back In recognition of his sterling leader­ NECESSARILY EXCLUSIVE into our society is essential. Without this ship ability and his outstanding work as group, we are the losers. a missionary to the "afflicted", Bishop HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. Kelsey was elevated to the bishopric and became a board member of the Board of OF CALIFORNIA the Churches of God in Christ in Mem­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BICENTENNIAL SALUTE TO BISHOP phis, Tenn. Tuesday, February 17, 1976 SAMUEL KELSEY In 1958, under his perceptive guidance, Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. the congregation of the Temple Church Speaker, over the last 20 to 30 years the of God in Christ purchased a beautiful words "renewable" and "nonrenewable" HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY edifice of worship at 1435 Park Road. OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA have come into heavy use whenever our The church reflects Bishop Kelsey's reli­ natural resources were being discussed. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gious philosophy that "happiness is a I, myself, have otten underlined th.e Tuesday, February 17, 1976 byproduct of service to one's fellow man. urgency of developing and using alter­ The Temple Church of God in Christ has natives to our fast diminishing nonre­ Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, as this opened its doors to the community great Republic celebrates its Bicenten­ newable resources, such as oil or hydro­ groups in the area in an effort to build carbons, before our society is brought nial we reflect upon the virtues of the a neighborhood of people helping people. Founding Fathers of our Nation, I think to a grinding halt by their exhaustion. it is most appropriate that we pay tribute A man of wisdom with a deep social As each year passes, my concern, along also to those who today carry on in the consciousness, Bishop Kelsey is a re­ with many others, has grown, for we con­ best tradition of the faith and works of spected leader in the religious as well as tinue to use such resources with a reck­ the civic community. He holds member­ less, exploitative nature that threatens the fathers of our country. Here in our ship in numerous civic organizations in­ Nation's Capital, we are privileged to our future in the gravest possible way. have one such man whose life and works cluding the Opportunities Industrializa­ Still, though I cannot stress the need are the very embodiment of the faith, the tion Center, the Committee of 100 Minis­ for response to these problems too heav­ sense of conscience, and the response to ters, the National Association for the ily, this concern for our nonrenewable duty that has endeared the Founding Advancement of Colored People, and the resources must not create a lack of at­ · Fathers to us all. I speak of Bishop Urban League. He is the recipient of two tentiveness to the rapid destruction of Samuel Kelsey, the pastor of the Temple honorary degrees, D.D. and LL.D. one of our most previous renewable nat­ Church of God in Christ. Washingtonians celebrating our Na­ ural resources----0ur national forests. History, Mr. Speaker, is nourished by tion's Bicentennial see reflected in Bishop Our fores ts, though technically re­ instructive example. The instructive ex­ Kelsey the sterling qualities that endear newable, have taken centuries to create·. ample of the life of Bishop Kelsey has in­ the Founding Fathers to all Americans. The diversity of the wilderness they en­ deed enriched the public service, exalted As the patriots recognized the leader­ compass-the wildlife, the clear lakes the public life, and added lustre to the ship capacity of the Founding Father of and streams filled with water life, the work of the church in America. our counrty, .George Washington, so the complex ecological arrangements of Called into the ministry at the early members of the Churches of God in varying trees, shrubs, and flowers-is age of 17, Bishop Samuel Kelsey has Christ saw in Bishop Kelsey the leader­ the purest example of the interdepend­ dedicated 59 years of his life to God, ship capacity to hold one of the highest ent web which so intricately balances church and community. During these il­ positions in the church when they elected and supplies the many needs of each lustrious years of service to churchdom, him to the bishopric and elected him a living organism, including ourselves. It he has left an indelible imprint on the member of the board of bishops. is true that trees can be planted and lives of those he has touched and on the The practical wisdom of a Benjamin harvested in a somewhat similar fashion causes for which he has fought. A man of Franklin is seen in his prudent applica­ to our food commodities, but to view the compassion and deep concern for his fel­ tion of religion to life in the manage­ structure of our forests in such a simple low man, he is one of the most admired ment of Kelsey Garden Apartments con­ manner is an oversight. The makeup of and beloved ministers in our Nation's structed on the riot corridor of 7th our forested wilderness is not only a Capital. Street, Northwest. source of beauty and peaceful serenity Born in Sandsville, Ga. and raised in Like Patrick Henry who inspired the but a system of 1,100 watersheds encom­ Philadelphia, Pa., Bishop Kelsey moved citizens of the 13 Colonies to ban together passing more than 40 million acres of to Washington, D.C. in 1923 to fulfill the in a common union of states, Bishop Kel­ land . . These watersheds, with their missionary role for which God had sey, speaking before a July 4 audience sponge-release mechanism which puri­ destined him. Preaching his first revival in 1923, inspired thousands of Washing­ fies our water and provides us with a sermon in a ragged tent in southwest ton, D.C. citizens to join together to form steady supply, are being seriously eroded Washington, Bishop Kelsey's eloquent the Temple Church of God in Christ. by the unrestrained use of the contro­ and moving voice attracted thousands of As Thomas Paine understood the versial clearcutting harvest method. Washington, D.C. citizens who saw in power of the written word to stir in man The forests support life in many other him the inspiring leadership ability they a thirst for freedom, Bishop Kelsey un­ ways, which are also in danger by their were seeking. From this humble begin­ derstands the power of broadcasting very destruction. By recycling carbon ning in a tent revival, Bishop Kelsey God's message to rekindle our faith in dioxide through photosynthesis, our for­ established the Temple Church of God in the grace and goodness of God and the est plants provide us with oxygen. In Christ. power of His healing hand. addition, they are an efficient utilizer of February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3459 solar energy and a producer of a cool­ by the year 2000. If we continue on this reational areas, the promulga.tion of cut­ ing effect over large regions of our planet profligate course which wastes our tim­ ting standards which refiect biological by absorbing the strong heat of the sun. ber supplies, erodes the soil, and leaves requirements, and the protection of es­ These are important factors which thousands of acres naked to the sun and thetic resources. should not be overlooked. rain, I cannot predict how long it will be I urge my colleagues to read this bill. The harvesting of timber for com­ before most of our forests are gone and It is a serious attempt to address the con­ mercial purposes has developed into one the rest are simply straight rows of tim­ troversial problems that have reached a of our largest industries, and under­ ber crops planted for easy harvesting. critical stage in these last couple years. standably so. We depend on wood for There are other ways to meet our tim­ many uses-housing, furniture, fuel, ber needs. paper and pulp products. Ninety-seven A GAO report published in 1973, en­ million acres of our national forests, titled "Increased Use of Felled Wood FULL EMPLOYMENT which include a total of 187 million Would Help Meet Timber Demand and acres, are currently set aside for com­ Reduce Environmental Damage in Fed­ mercial timber. This percentage of the eral Forests" painted out, and I quote total is constantly growing. Since 1945, "that more than 400 million cubic feet-­ HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS 20 miUion acres of our national equivalent in volume to about 2.4 billion OF CALIFORNIA forests have been removed from the non­ board feet-of usable felled wood was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commercial classification and placed left in the three agencies'-Forest Serv­ Tuesday, February 17, 1976 within our commercial boundaries, as ice, Bureau of Land Management, and compared to the 11 million acres which the Bureau of Indian Affairs-sale areas Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I would have been set aside as a formal wilder­ in California, Oregon, and Washington like to call the Members' attention to the ness area. in 1969." This amount was equal to one­ following article published on Febru­ In these 97 million acres, the harvest fifth of the three agencies' 1972 timber ary 13, 1976, in the New York Times. I of timber has increased to a 1974 gross harvest. Though some of this wood could hope that my colleagues will pay particu­ sales of $585 million. The use of the not be economically marketed due to la.ck lar attention to the survey results in clearcutting method, which strips large of proper facilities or lack of demand, which 70 percent of the 1,463 persons acreages of land of practically all stand­ the GAO Pointed out that "some large contacted nationally agreed that the ing vegetation, has contributed to the private companies which own and man­ Federal Government should see to it that ability to cut such large amounts of age land for timber production have far every person who wants to work has trees. This clearcutting method, though less felled wood left on their land after a job. commercially attractive, tends-if used harvesting." This difference is probably The article follows: without discretion-to cause extensive due to the lack of Forest Service require­ POLL FINDS VOTERS JUDGING '76 RIVALS ON soil and vegetative disturbance and ments for purchasers to remove all wood PERSONALITY damage that leads to dangerous levels of meeting minimum standards, often re­ (By Robert Reinhold) erosion. A 1973 Department of Interior sulting in situations where purchasers Nine months before the American public report on the effects of logging in Cali­ remove only the best timber from a given elects a President and two weeks before the sale area, leaving large quantities of usa­ first primary is held, the personalities that fornia's National Redwood Park pro­ the candidates have projeoted appear to be a duced documentation supporting the be­ ble felled wood behind. It was also noted much more important source of support lief that clearcutting on the sloped that in a specific case in Oregon, the tim­ among potential voters than the stands they areas of the park had placed the tribu­ ber sale officer sold the felled wood re­ have staked out on major issues. taries, land, and remaining fores ts in maining after the first purchaser had According to a national survey conducted jeopardy. Erosion of the steeper slopes completed his harvest. This second buyer by The New York Times and CBS News, the has already created slides and has removed more than one-fourth of a mil­ issues thait generate large majorities pro or clogged many of the tributaries in the lion board feet of usable wood, two­ con include abortion, busing for racial inte­ park. Clearcutting need not be so de­ thirds of which was used for lumber and gration and proposals that the Government plywood and about one-third for fiber­ provide jobs for all and for transferring Fed­ structive. When used within certain acre­ eral social programs to the states. age limitations, slope and soil specifica­ wood. Yet, the survey shows, except for George C. tions, and for thinning, wildlife, fire, dis­ It seems that this is a very definite Wallace on the busing question, none of the ease, pest infestation, blowdowns, or such source for increasing our timber supplies, major Democraitic candidates have so fa.r necessary forest enhancement purposes, while adding to environmental protec­ emerged in the minds of the public as the it can add to the growth and diversity of tion. Felled wood creates a fire hazard, leading spokesman on any of these issues. our forests. But at the present time, it is causes air pollution because it is de­ Nor do the issues seem to explain why some a method of timber cutting which is used stroyed by burning, and pollutes our Republicans favor President Ford and others with little or no discretion, often cutting water with debris. There should be Ronald Reagan. The chief benefici,ary of this lack of clarity hundreds of acres at a stretch on slope greater utilization of this resource. at this very early stage of the campaign ap­ and soil conditions that cannot bear up In response to my serious concern over pears to be Jimmy Carter, the former Georgia under the erosive effects of the heavy these critical problems, I am introduc­ Governor and newcomer to national polirtics, machinery and resulting blight. ing a bill today which is identical to Sen­ who has cultivated a startlingly high level of I mention these facts because I feel ator RANDOLPH'S recently introduced bill, recognition and support from all types of that it is time for the Congress to ad­ S. 2926, regarding forest management. It Democrats. The survey results show that he dress these problems, and produce as is my hope that this introduction will tends to be seen as all things to all people­ practical a resolution as possible. We stimulate a useful and productive debate as a liberal to liberals, a moderate to mode­ must find a way to produce timber for directed towards the solution of the com­ rates and a conservative to conservatives. Among the findings that emerged from the our needs while protecting our environ­ plexities of this entire issue. This bill nationwide telephone survey of 1,463 persons ment from the deterioration· it is now could be that solution for it directs its taken last week are these: experiencing. Our national forests exist emphasis towards curtailing the misuses More Republicans rated former California t-0 preserve areas for recreation, water­ of clearcutting, while continuing to allow Gov. Ronald Reagan higher than President shed, wildlife, range and timber. We that method to be used for regenerative Ford on leadership and competence. Despite must insure that all five uses receive purposes, for the prevention of disease, this, Mr. Ford was regarded the stronger can­ enough attention so that those people blowdowns, or fire, for the benefit of didate among more Republicans. who wish to visit our forests, to camp wildlife,. and for the control of pest in­ On most issues, the Ford and Reagan back­ in the wilderness, to backpack on our festations. It does restrict the number ers differed little, suggesting that less tangi­ ble elements such as the candidate's person­ many beautiful trails enjoying the beauty of acres that can be clearcut to 25, ality were more influential than policy posi­ of untouched nature, will continue to find though leaving the Secretary of Agricul­ tions. Mr. Reagan's supporters tended, how­ such places and see ecological harmony ture the discretion of increasing this ever, to be slightly more opposed to pursuing at its best. The Forest Service projects number when wildlife or other purposes detente with the Soviet Union, and Mr. Rea­ that approximately 345 million people seem to demand additional acreage har­ gan was somewhat stronger among those who will be visiting our national forests in vesting. The bill also em:rhasizes the pro­ felt that the Government usually fails to act the year 1980, and probably double that tection of watersheds, wildlife, and rec- on important matters. 3460 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 The Democratic race, perhaps not surpris­ much attention to the problems of blacks same kinds of activity the FBI has car­ ingly, is much less focused than the Republi­ and other minorities." By contrast, most of ried on up until now without the benefit can. Apart from Governor Wallace, who was the other Democrats-Morris K. Udall, Mr. of guidelines. assumed to be widely known from previous Shriver, Senator Birch Bayh and Fred R. campaigns, the candidates who left the clear­ Harris-are viewed as heavily in favor of During the past months, we have been est impression were most widely recognized more aid to minorities. shocked to learn of the Cointelpro activi­ by people who listed themselves as Demo­ Mr. Carter was seen much less clearly than ties against Martin Luther King. If the crats were Sargent Shriver, Senator Henry M. other candidates on the racial issue, as he new guidelines are ever promulgated, ex­ Jackson and Jimmy Carter. seems to be on most issues. actly the same kind of activities could Among those Democrats who had an im­ Indeed, Mr. Carter, whose critics say he be given the sanction of respectability. pression of Mr. Carter, nearly three-quarters takes both sides of every issue, was seen by The guidelines suggest that investiga­ had a favorable opinion of him, considerably 21 percent as favoring a ban on abortions tions can be conducted to ascertain in­ more than for any other candidate. The least and 36 per cent against a ban, while 43 per­ cent said they did not know. Thirty-six per­ formation on the "activities of individ­ favorably regarded among the Democratic uals or groups of individuals acting in candidates was Mr. Wallace, whose favorable cent said he opposed detente, while 33 per­ rating was 36 percent of the Democrats cent said he favored it and 31 percent said concert, which involve or will involve the polled. they did not know. use of force or violence in violation of As a result, it would seem, Mr. Carter ap­ The notion that Hubert H. Humphrey Federal law." We know that the early peals to the entire ideological spectrum for activities of the Southern Christian would be a major unifying force for the na­ the moment. Of those in the survey who had tion if other Democratic candidates were to an impression of him and considered him a Leadership Conference did indeed lead knock each other out of the campaign may liberal, 54 percent called themselves liberal. to violence, and so, were they to begin not be well founded. While 52 percent of Of those who 'called him a conservative, 61 again, the same dirty tricks could, under the Democrats. polled regarded him favor­ percent called themselves conservatives. the proposed guidelines, occur all over ably, only 38 percent of the total sample On the Republican side, Mr. Ford seems to again. did. Moreover 45 percent of the total had an be holding his own among his party even unfavorable view of the Minnesota Senator. The resolution condemning the pro­ though Republicans tend t o think of him as posed guidelines will provide a frame­ Public attitudes on the issues are marked less of a leader and less competent than his by inconsistencies and cross-currents. A rival, Mr. Reagan. A possible clue to Mr. work for the hearings. We are now be­ heavy majority, 70 percent, agreed that the Ford's strength is the fact that Republicans ginning to determine the kind of legisla­ Federal Government should see to it that consider him quite honest. tion that will provide the kind of over- everyone has a job, yet they also felt by 48 Unlike Barry Goldwater in 1964, Mr. Rea­ . sight the FBI really requires. The to 43 percent that the Federal Government gan has managed to carve out a very con­ resolution is a statement that the Jus­ should balance its budget even if it meant servative stance without seeming extreme. tice Department-promulgated guidelines spending less on social services. The majority Only 26 percent of Republicans considered cannot adequately do the job, and that came down on the liberal side of the abortion him too extreme. On the other hand, 53 per­ statutes to govern the activities, not only issue, favoring a woman's right to have an cent of the Democrats felt Mr. Wallace was abortion, but on the conservative side of too extreme. of the Domestic Intelligence Division, but the busing quest ion, heavily opposing its Despite the apparent lack of clarity on the entire Bureau are a critical priority. use. issues, most candidates nevertheless had sup­ The resolutior.. points out in its first ROUGH GAUGE PROVIDED port from clearly defined constituencies. Mr. paragraph that the bases for investiga­ The survey was taken by The Times and Harris's supporters-the most liberal in the tion provided by the Justice Department CBS News to assess voter attitudes on issues sample-tended to favor more federally cre­ provide a potential for abuse that would and candidates. This first poll was intended ated jobs, support for racial minorities, de­ put any citizen under the threat of in­ to serve as a benchmark for analyzing tente, pollution control and cuts in military vestigation if that citizen were simply changes in the attitudes of the electorate spending. as t he campaign progresses. Other nation­ At the center of the spectrum on balance, to sit in at city hall to seek to persuade wide polls will be taken in future months, was Mr. Jackson. On one hand his backers the government to alter unfair practices, along with polls in major primary states. tended to be liberal on questions of jobs, pol­ or go to a meeting at which such a dem­ The results provide only a rough gauge of lution and race but conservative on detente onstration was being planned, or even to sentiment, both because of the margin of and military spending. work in the campaign of a suspect po­ error inherent in such polls and because of At the far right of the spectrum was Mr. litical candidate. the high proportion of potential voters who Reagan, whose support took the conservative It also indicates the lack of estab­ have not formed solid ideas on the campaign side of all issues except abortion. lished criteria and guidelines for the ini­ at this very early date. tiation of preliminary investigations, the Given the variations in how well the can­ sources from which the information to didates are recognized by the public at pres­ start those investigations should come, ent and the uncertainty about which ones FILING RESOLUTION DISAPROVING will remain in the race, The Times has re­ and even the recruitment of informants. ported findings on which ones are rated fav­ GUIDELINES PROPOSED BY THE There are only limited oversight provi­ orably by more potential voters rather than ATTORNEY GENERAL sions to make sure that the investiga­ reporting on which ones are currently the tions are carried out within the param­ first choices for the nomination in both eters of acceptable guidelines and there parties. In both parties, the candidates who HON. HERMAN BADILLO is no mechanism for the distruction of actually showed up with the highest percent­ files where the investigation has been age of first choices as the nominees were OF NEW YORK given considerably lower "favorability" or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES found unwarranted. It is also alarming to note that in part popularity ratings in the poll than other Tuesday, February 17, 1976 candidates. IV of the guidelines, "Preventive Action," Perhaps the most striking finding, in con­ Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, I am to­ the document fails to describe what trast to the hard-fought 1972 campaign , is day filing a resolution disapproving of "nonviolent" preventive action is and the lack of clear-cut issues dividing the can­ the guidelines proposed by Attorney Gen­ under what circumstances it would be didates, at least in the minds of the public if eral Edward Levi and the Department of a:µpropriate. It also leaves the decision to not the candidates. Still the candidates do use such preventive action to the deci­ seem to draw their main support from logi­ Justice for Domestic Security Investiga­ cal ideological constituencies. tions by the Federal Bureau of Investi­ sion of the Attorney General, perhaps Only certain candidates, on certain issues, gation. acting in concert with the President, or seemed to have penetrated the public aware­ Last week, at a hearing on FBI over­ whomever else he might choose. I find it ness. On detente With the Russians, for ex­ sight held by the Subcommittee on Civil appalling that critical decisions such as ample, Senator Jackson is correctly seen by and Constitutional Rights of the Judici­ these be left to a subjective group of in­ most Democrats as opposing it. The stand of ary Committee, on which I sit, Attorney dividuals. most other Democratic hopefuls, however, General Levi presented us with a newly In fact, throughout the d-0c11ment remains murky in the public eye and this is­ revised set of guidelines proposed by the there appears to be no real attempt to es­ sue does not seem to be a cutting one. Justice Department for oversight of do­ tablish any firm administrative pro­ VIEWS ON MINORITY AID mestic intelligence investigations. This is cedures or structures for the Domestic On race-traditionally an unstated but the second draft we have seen, and al­ Security Division of the Federal Bureau powerful issue in voting-only Governor Wal­ though it is a minor improvement over of Investigation. It seems to me that the lace is seen .by a majority of his party as the previous guidelines, they are still so lessons of the past years-the years of feeling that the Government has "paid too broad as to give license to exactly the one-man rule at the FBI, the years of February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3461 constitutional abuse by the Nixon admin­ safety of New Jersey and Pennsylvania freer ft.ow of people and ideas and would istration, the years of all those frighten­ to each immediately send a battalion of remove obstructions to the reunifica­ ing adventures by our intelligence agen­ men to reinforce the troops under Maj. tions of families. As with every other cies--should be that we must create Gen. Charles Lee in New York. Congress agreement signed by the Communist objective· standards for the conduct of also directed that 1 ton of gun powder dictatorship, they have violated its all intelligence operations. It is a lesson be sent to General Lee from the United terms. that the Justice Department has appar­ Colonies' supplies. General Lee had ad­ I urge my colleagues to continue their ently not yet learned, and I am hopeful vised Congress that he needed additional pressure on the Soviet Government to that this resolution, and the legislation troops because a ship with British demand freedom and the right to emi­ that will be forthcoming from our sub­ soldiers had arrived in New York and he grate for all the victims, Jews, Russians, committee will begin a badly needed les­ believed more were on the way. Ukrainians, Baits, and every other na­ son in what oversight really means. tional group. The resolution follows: No new agreements with the Commu­ H.RES.- nists until they fulfill the old agree­ Resolution expressing the sense of the House SUPPORT FOR VICTIMS OF SOVIET ments. disapproving the guidelines proposed by PERSECUTION the Attorney General for Domestic Se­ curity Investigations by the Federal Bu­ FUTURE FARMERS OF AMERICA reau of Investigation HON. LARRY McDONALD MOVES INTO ITS 48TH YEAR Whereas, the Attorney General of the OF GEORGIA United States has recently proposed guide­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. WILLIAM H. NATCHER lines governing Domestic Security Investiga­ Tuesday, February 17, 1976 tions by the Federal Bureau of Investigation; OF KENTUCKY and Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Whereas, Part I of those Guidelines, en­ Speaker, I would like to join with my Tuesday, February 17, 1976 titled "Bases of Investigation,'' is so broad colleagues in both Houses of Congress that it provides a potential for abuse that and on both sides of the aisle to urge Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Speaker, the Fu­ could place every citizen under investiga­ support for the Second World Confer­ ture Farmers of America move into their tion in the exercise of that citizen's constitu­ 48th year as one of our Nation's best tional rights, while remaining within the ence for Soviet Jewry to be held in Brus­ sense of the guidelines; and gives liecnse sels from February 17 to 19, 1976. known and acclaimed organizations. Un­ to the continuation of those practices with­ I would like to call my colleagues' at­ til the year 1928 a nationwide program in the Bureau that provides the impetus for tention to the testimony of Avraham for the farm youth of our country did not establishing guidelines; and Shifrin given in 1973 before the House exist. True, in some of the public schools Whereas, Part II, entitled "Initiation and Committee on Internal Security. Mr. agricultural clubs had been formed. They Scope of Investigations," describes the two Shifrin is a Soviet Jew now living in were, however, very few and were widely levels of Federal Bureau of Investigation in­ Israel who suffered 10 years' imprison­ scattered. Distances were farther then, in vestigations, but establishes no criteria as to ment in Soviet slave labor camps. He had 1928, and the move to establish the Fu­ the kind of information, or the acceptable ture Farmers of America as a national sources for such information, sufficient to committed no crime other than being a initiate preliminary investigations. Within Jew. organization for students of vocational the part there are only limited oversight pro­ Mr. Shifrin testified that while the agriculture was one which was to have a visions to assure the conduct of such inves­ Jews are the most persecuted group in lasting impact on the future of America. tigations within the parameters of the guide­ the Soviet Union, all Soviet citizens are "Future for America-FFA." This is lines. There are as well no criteria estab­ subject to the persecution of the Com­ the 1976 theme of the Future Farmers lished for the recruitment and oversight of munist secret police. The Jews serve as a and as they celebrate February 21 informants, and the reliability of the infor­ useful scapegoat for the Communists to through February 29 as their national mation they provide; and week, I call upon my colleagues here to­ Whereas, Part III, entitled "Terminating blame for the failures of their inefficient Investigations" provides no mechanism for economic system. But, anyone in the So­ day to join me in recognizing the 485,000 the review and destruction of files, where an viet Union who wants the freedom to FFA members-485,000 of our young investigation was found unwarranted; and practice his religion, the right of free Americans-all committed to bettering Whereas, Part IV, entitled "Preventive Ac­ speech and press, or the right to leave your life and mine. tion," lacks clear criteria for those situa­ becomes the victim of Communist op­ I have said on many occasions that I tions in which such preventive action might pression. like the Future Farmers. I do. I am very be necessary, using only the weak standard We should demand the right of any proud of them. Our State has always been used in Section I, thereby leaving it to the one of the strong FFA associations in discretion of an individual or group of in­ Soviet citizen, not only Jews and Volga dividuals; and Germans to leave Communist Russia. the national organization. Our Governor, Whereas, nowhere in these proposed guide­ Shifrin told an anecdote to the House the Honorable Julian M. Carroll, is him­ lines is any part devoted to the Administra­ Committee on Internal Security during self a former member and as FFA Week tion of the Domestic Security Division of the his testimony: is observed nationally he has by his of­ Federal Bureau of Investigation; You know in the U.S.S.R. we have 300 mil­ ficial proclamation declared a concur­ Therefore, be it resolved that it is the sense lion population and 3 million Jews. Two peo­ rent FFA Week in Kentucky. This is evi­ of the House of Representatives of the Con­ ple speak in the U.S.S.R. and one asks the dence of the Kentuckian's feeling for gress of the United States that it does not other "What do you think, how many Jews the Future Farmers. This is evidence of favor the proposed guidelines for Domestic . would go to Israel if they would open all the the pride we take in each of our 157 FFA Intelligence Investigations as provided by doors?" The other man answered, "Three Attorney General Edward Levi and the De­ hundred million." chapters. partment of Justice, and that it expresses This is a good program, Mr. Speaker, its disapproval thereof. The testimony of Avraham Shifrin and Future Farmers do not forget. Take may be found in the publication the for example the State alumni chapters "Theory and Practice of Communism, which are organized in counties across Part 2 (The Communist Party, USA­ the State. The largest of these is the TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO Defender of Soviet Anti-Semitism)." As Barren County State FFA Alumni, in our TODAY the House Judiciary Committee now has Second Congressional District, with over the responsibility to distribute the pub­ 60 members. These are 60 graduates of lications of the former House Commit­ the program from one of our counties HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS tee on Internal Security, I would urge my alone. Sixty adult men and women, adults OF CALIFORNIA colleagues to request copies of this valu­ now, possibly with families of their own, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES able and informative hearing from who still lend their support to FFA activi­ Chairman Ronrno. If the Judiciary Com­ ties. Tuesday, February 17, 1976 mittee is short of copies, they should be Yes, it is a good program, Mr. Speaker. Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years urged to reprint this hearing. We in Kentucky know it. We see it grow ago, on February 12, 1776, the Continen­ The Communists promised in the Hel­ year by year. At Hardinsburg, also in tal Congress urged the committees of sinki accord that they would allow a our congressional district, is the Ken- CXXII--220-Part 3 3462 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 tucky FFA · Leadership Training Center Let us continue to work for good rela­ J. EDGAR HOOVER AND NOW and here, during the summer of 1975, tions with our adversaries but not forget over 1,000 members came for leadership the plight of the oppressed people of the development. world for they too are entitled to live in Who are the Future Farmers? What a world of peace, freedom, and dignity. HON. LARRY McDONALD type of high school student can it be to I am again honored to participate in OF GEORGIA give up a part of their summer vacation this important day. I salute the many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to take a course in leadership develop­ contributions of the Lithuanian Ameri­ Tuesday, February 17, 1976 ment? Only the best, Mr. Speaker. Only can community and assure them as well the best. as the people of Lithuania that we in the Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. They are the ones who will be tomor­ United States share and support their Speaker, with the death of J. Edgar row's agricultural leaders. They are the continued efforts to regain their freedom. Hoover and all the various ad hoc ones who will better our lives through investigations into the FBI, CIA and agriculture. They are the ones who by everyone else concerned with protecting modern technique and method will im­ the security of our Nation, his great con­ prove every aspect, every phase, of our tribution to this country is being still greatest industry. WMAQ-TV EDITORIAL diminished by various distortions and They are our neighbors and our · misleading impressions arising out of friends-everybody and anybody study­ these investigations, a truer perspective ing vocational agriculture in our public HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI of the man, in my view, wars furnished by schools. But never are they "nobody." OF ILLINOIS Mr. Robert Morris in a colwnn published in The Monitor of Trenton, N.J., a They are the Future Farmers of Amer­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES icar--they are a future for America. Catholic newspaper, of January 8, 1976. Tuesday, February 17, 1976 The colwnn follows: Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the J. EDGAR HOOVER AND Now much-maligned Chicago school system is (By Robert Morris) LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY working to meet the needs of its students Whittaker Chambers wisely said many year.;; 1976 for an education that will flt them for the ago that the West is determined to destroy future. I concur completely with an edi­ itself and woe betide anyone who tries to HON. MARIO BI AGGI torial broadcast by WMAQ-TV in Chi­ avert the suicide. cago on February 5 and 6 on this subject, J. Edgar Hoover, for mo·re than four OF NEW YORK and insert it in the RECORD at this point: decades, was a dedicated public servant, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES working With remarkable sophistication in WMAQ-TV EDITORIAL an area of tumultuous controversy, the arena Tuesday, February 17, 1976 There is probably no single goal in Chicago of internal security. That he survived in that Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I am more important than improving public edu­ gladiator pit for so long is indeed a testa­ pleased at this opportunity to pay tribute cation so that it does a better job of prepar­ ment to his skill, courage and delicate sense ing young people to go out and earn a living. of public relations. He worked with steadfast to the brave and resolute people of Right now some major businesses in Chicago purpose to preserve the United States. Lithuania in this their 58th anniver­ have found it necessary to set up their own His FBI was an exemplar o.f efficiency and sary of their declaration of independ­ classrooms. good decorum. It thwarted the gan5sters, the ence. While it is fitting that each year A high school education in Chicago is no Nazi saboteurs, the extremist organizations, we in the Congress take time to note this guarantee that the graduate will have the and in recent years the hij-acker:s, the terror­ important event, it remains a tragic basic skills needed for employment. As a re­ ists, the arsonists and the bombers. irony that as we take note of this occa­ sult, at least six companies in Chicaga-firms But now the sledge hammer in the Con­ sion we know that for much of the past like Illinois Bell and Commonwealth Edison­ gress, in the executive agencies and in the are offering remedial courses in subjects like media that is dismantling our internal secu­ 35 years freedom has been but an elusive reading, writing, public speaking and math rity ramparts is being directed against Mr. dream for the people of Lithuania. to people they have hired. Altogether the six Hooveir. It was 58 years ago when the Lithu­ companies are spending about a million dol­ In my many security roles, with New York anian nation successfully culminated lars a year trying to make up for what the State, with the Navy, with the House of their struggle to be freed from Russian public schools have failed to do. Representatives and finally with the Senate, domination with their declaration of in­ That is a demonstration that these firms I had many associations with J. Ed.gar dependence. Yet the joys of freedom were have a commitment to the City of Chicago­ Hoover and his assistants. They were always to be short lived for a scant two decades to remain in the city and to provide employ­ forthright, devoid of bureaucratic deceit and later Lithuania was again to fall under ment for city residents. efficient. Meanwhile, though, many companies have Mr. Hoover was authoritative and decisive. Soviet control as they were declared a moved to suburban areas because they be­ This is now represent ed as authoritarian and constituent republic of the U.S.S.R. on lieve they can find better qualified workers dictatorial. He was far more scrupulous, as August 3, 1940. They have remained in there. even the Watergate hearings revealed, than this captive status since that point, ex­ For Chicago to survive, the city must be an most of the cast of characters around and cept for a brief time when they were un­ attractive place for business and industry as above him. der Nazi control during the Second World well as a good place to live. That means jobs And now he is being marked for slaughter. War. must be available With qualified persons to A move is even on to change the name of fill them. There are many factors intertwined the FBI building which bears Ws name. He Yet in Lithuania, as in many of the but the quality of the Chicago schools may is being calumniated, after his death, by other Soviet satellite nations of Eastern be the most important of all. the tactics which the enemies of the coun­ Europe, the spirit to regain their freedom Superintendent Joseph Hannon recognizes try know and utilize so well, because he is remains undaunted. Despite years of per­ this. He is very concerned about the issue of a symbol of internal security that must be secution and domination by the Soviets, "career education." Hannon is talking to vilified and destroyed. the people of Lithuania have not extin­ business people to determine what skills will Surveillance of domestic communists--of guished the fires of freedom from their be most needed in the future, to find out course they are Americatl citizens and of what are the growth industries for which course they are dissenters (when dissent hearts. people should be trained. As we commemorate Lithuanian In­ serves their chameleonesque purposes)-is For example, Chicago is an aviation center. one of the last parapets that a beleaguered dependence Day we find this Nation en­ There are about 35,000 jobs at O'Hare Field. nation must maintain to survive. If you can­ gaged in a very important debate over Hannon thinks a specialized school training not observe and record the acts of Brezhnev's, the continued feasibility of pursuing a students for jobs in the airline business, a Mao's or Castro's agents in this country, policy of detente with the Soviet Union. school that could be located near the airport, you are suicidal in your posture. Therefore Without question the most glaring fail­ might be worth consideration. if this symbol of surveillance can be levelled, ure of this policy has been its total in­ That's the kind of innovative thinking that the final process of destruction will be facil­ ability to improve the quality of life and is needed. Our schools must turn out gradu­ itated. the prospects of freedom for the mil­ ates who are decently prepared for today's That is what the campaign against files lions of captive peoples under the control jobs. We cannot.expect private industry to do and surveillance is all about. And now Mr. the teaching. If the schools don't do it, Hoover is to become part of this campaign of the Soviet Union. We must come to business and industry will continue to move that will, I am sure, be dubbed Hooverism grips with the reality of the situation and wherever necessary to find qualified em­ to effectuate this ignoble goal. reevaluate detente and its true effects. ployees. The evidence to support it? On occasion., February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3463 Presidents Roosevelt, Kennedy, Johnson and, est-he was often called "the dean of a God-given right to an ever-accelerating to a lesser extent, Nixon abused the FBI to Washington lobbyists who served the gross national product. That's just not true." promote political purposes. Moreover, as At­ public interest"-and he will be missed. The "fantasy" is often expressed in the torney General, Bob Kennedy, whom I knew common conception of the "American and who had a good sense of internal secu­ I want to extend to the Burger family dream," he said, the belief that the expand­ rity, caused to be signed an order directing this expression of my deepest and most ing U.S. economy promises a gradually in­ the FBI to conduct a surveillance on Dr. sincere sympathy in their loss and be­ creasing level of wealth and comfort. Martin Luther King. The evideI11Ce justifying reavement. But Brown said that government planners this order has never been revee.led to us. and private businessmen have stretched the There were few legal guidelines on how economy almost beyond its limits of expan­ FBI directors should be responsive to -or in­ sion. dependent of presidents and attorneys gen­ AN INTERVIEW WITH GOV. ED­ "The sixties iqea is, heat up the economy, eral who are their superiors. The incumbent MUND G. BROWN, JR., OF CALI­ provide more and more growth and everyone director, Clarence Kelley, has rightly as­ can work that way,'' he said. "That is not serted that this has been the problem and FORNIA working right now. It's not working as shown he has asked Congress to fill this vacuum. by inflation. It's not working as shown by But, mirabile dictu, instead of the demoli­ HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. high unemployment." tion crews turning their machinery on the He concedes that the economy is on the people primarily responsible for these OF CALIFORNIA upswing at the moment. However, he warned abuses--the FDRs, the LBJs, the JFKs and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in his state-of-the-state message last week RFKs--the victim selected has been the sub­ Tuesday, February 17, 1976 that he believes it may be only part of a ordinate whose only fault (and in this lone steadily decreasing series of cyclical swings. area in a field of 40 years' service) could be Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ The most serious sign of the trouble in the characterized as too responsive to the direc­ er, there has been much discussion in economy, Brown says, 1s the rising unemploy­ tives of his presidents. this body and throughout the country ment rate. This is due partly to the surge of post-war about the role of government, and babies into the job market, he said. whether that role has changed because of "Some of them don't have the sk1lls that external forces. I, for one, believe the the market requires," he said, "and there are TRIBUTE TO GEORGE J. BURGER, role of government is changing, and many restrictions on the market. There are SR.-A GREAT AMERICAN AND should change to meet the realities of to­ occupations that exclude people. There are CHAMPION ADVOCATE FOR day and the future, rather than the pro­ professions that are monopolistic. There are SMALL BUSINESS grams and policies of the past. This may all sort of ways that make it difficult to em­ be difficult for government to do, given ploy people." Secondly, he said, "in order to compete in the nature of bureaucracies to resist the world market, in order to maintain the HON. JOE L. EVINS change, and the nature of the political high standard of living for those people that OF TENNESSEE system to opt for short-term and simple do work, the economy has made business solutions to long-term and complicated IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES activities very efficient." problems. "One of the ideas I proposed," he said, Tuesday, February 17, 1976 Perhaps it is because this is such a "was work sharing. Instead of this ever­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ difficult problem- that Governor Brown increasing public sector schooling process, er, I was saddened to learn last week of of California has attracted the interest wouldn't it be a good idea to have more he has in his attempts to redefine what apprenticeships . . . hire people who are the recent passing of Mr. George J. untrained and train them. Let that be a cost Burger, Sr., for many years an effective the role of government should be. Sel­ of the enterprise. advocate of the Nation's small business­ dom has a state executive generated such "But efficiency," he added, "in many ways men, and I want to take this means of attention, not to mention praise and efficient they don't compete. And if they don't paying a brief but sincere tribute ·to the criticism, outside their own state. While compete, they don't stay in business." memory of this great American. Governor Brown has managed to do this, "But efficiency, -he added, "in many ways George Burger was one of the best his views seem to suffer in the translation is inefficient from society's point of view and editing that is done by outside jour­ because it means that a number of people known and most effective lobbyists in are excluded from work, and when they are Washington, having represented the Na­ nalists. For this reason, I would like to excluded from work they go on welfare and tional Federation of Independent Busi­ place in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an commit crime." ness for the past quarter century as that interview with Jerry Brown that ap­ "And therein is the grea·t dilemma," he organization's vice president for legis­ peared in the San Bernardino Sun-Tele­ continued, "because if we don't give every­ lative activities and as a member of the gram on January 19, 1976 . body a job, we're going to increase the in­ NFIB board of directors. The article follows: stability, the rising welfare, the food stamps, Certainly he was a friend of the small BROWN URGES "FUNDAMENTAL READJUSTMENT" the unemployment insurance, the crime, the (By Vic Pollard) prisons, all those things." businessman and a champion of many Brown says he has not yet found a solu· legislative measures favorable to the SACRAMENTO.-What do the doctors fight­ tion. small business segment of our economy. ing malpractice insurance rates have in com­ "The precise formula of how we deal with George Burger was especially inter­ mon with the terrorists who bombed La that is something I've been trying to figure ested and concerned with the vigorous Guardia airport? out myself, and I'm just not able to do so," Not much, the doctors and the terrorists he said. enforcement of the Nation's antitrust would probably say. laws as a method of strengthening the And yet they do, says Gov. Edmund G. But he says he is certain of one thing in Nation's free enterprise system. He was Brown Jr. trying to solve the dilemma of increasing effi­ also a strong advocate for elevation of "Why do we have a malpractice crisis? ciency and growing joblessness. the Small Business Committee to legis­ There's a reason for that. Why do we have "If we change one," he said, "we may end lative status-and he lived to see this airport bombs in New York. Letter bombs in up changing the other, which would mate• objective achieved last year. San Francisco. These things have never hap­ rially tend to lower the standard of living. In addition, George Burger is credited pened before. Shows you something's pro­ "And that's another bitter pill. Are people with having a substantial influence in foundly wrong," Brown said. serious about unemployment? If they are The malpractice crisis and the new wave serious about full employment, it may affect creating the Small Business Adminis­ of terrorist threats are just two symptoms the standard of living for everybody." tration. of problems the United States has swept un­ He said workers may have to accept lower Prior to his joining the NFIB, Mr. der the rug for too long, Brown told the Sun­ incomes and 1businessmen may have to get Burger helped organize the first tire Telegram in an interview. along with lower profits and a less competi· dealer group, the National Tire Dealers Furthermore, he predicted that the crises tive position in the domestic and world Association, and helped lead the fight riow in the headlines are only the first of markets. for legislation to outlaw price discrimi­ many that the nation will have to endure "When I say that people are going to have nation-which eventually led to enact­ unless some "fundamental readjustments" to lower their expectations, I'm just trying ment of the Robinson-Patman Act. are made. to allude to the fact that the future may The heart of all the problems, Brown said, not hold out the straight line increase in Mr. Burger was active in business lies in the attitude Americans have toward since 1910. His career both as a small the economy of their nation and the world. mater1'al wealth that people have been used businessman and as a Washington advo­ "There's a fantasy abroad in this coun­ to," he said. cate was exemplary in the public inter- try," he. said, "and the fantasy ls that there's "The old rules would be to loosen up the 3464 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 money supply, more deficit spending, and sons with responsible, satisfying jobs should NATIONALLY RENOWNED BLACK hope it works,'' he added. "There's a chance put up with smaller pay raises than those that it might not work. It might not work with dreary, menial occupations. EDUCATOR DIES because of environmental constrictions. It He has also insisted on rigorous affirmative might not work because of the expensive action programs which, in some state agen­ resources from other countries. cies, have made it difficult to hire or pro­ HON. LOUIS STOKES "And that's where we are today, and there's mote white males, who now dominate mid­ OF OHIO no easy answer," he said. dle and upper management. A reporter observed that this fatalistic This is in line, he says, with his efforts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES attitude is not consistent with Brown's usual to open up the opportunities in the job mar­ Tuesday, February 17, 1976 approach to problem solving, which is to ket to everyone on an equal basis. work away at a problem until he finds There are other clues in his latest budget Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, it is with a solution. Why not treat the economy the proposal. deep sadness and a sense of great per­ same way he has dealt with the farm labor One is a continuation of the controversial sonal loss that I address you today on problem and the way he is working on the per cent growth limit on adult education the death of a close and dear associate, malpractice crisis? programs. Brown says he will fight to keep Dr. Vivian Henderson. "But if we can't make the Arabs give us the limit until educators stop using tbe "co­ their oil at a cheap rate," he replied, "if we ercive power of the state" to "conscript" Dr. Henderson was the distinguished can't make the Chileans give us their copper money for such classes as antique collecting, president of Clark College at the Atlanta at a cut rate, if we can't make people accept macrame and social sk1lls for singles without University Center since 1965. He was also increasing amounts of air and water pollu­ express permission from local property tax­ a nationally respected expert on eco­ tion; if we can't make the poor accept unem­ payers. nomics and educational affairs. ployment and welfare, then obviously some­ Discussing the philosophy behind his re­ Dr. Henderson and I had occasion to thing's gotta give and we have to adjust the sistance not only to the growth in demand come together a number of times both system. for more "attractive" adult education classes "I'm trying to do that in an incremental but for increases in all government services, here and abroad. In December of 1973, way that responds to our basic traditions." he said, "I don't think government has to we were delegates to "Africa 1974," a Does that mean, then that the Brown keep growing at an ever-accelerating rate." conference on African-American policy Administration is saying that the American "If we do," he continued, "then we'll have in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. dream must be junked? a socialistic state. Now if that's what every­ Mr. Speaker, in order that my col­ "No," he replied. "We're just dreaming dif­ body wants, certainly we can get that. All you leagues in the House be familiar with ferent dreams. What is the American dream? do is take all the money from the private sec­ the outstanding career of Dr. Hender­ Read what Jefferson said. Read what Adams tor and put in the public sector, and we son, I submit to you today an article said, about how after 1776, he said we may be will no longer have a mixed economy." a little poorer, but we're all going to be a "I'm trying to slow that process down," he which appeared in the Thursday, Janu­ lot happier and we'll be free. said, "and that means that you can't get ev­ ary 29, 1976, Atlanta Constitution, which "What is the dream of Jefferson and erything you want." details the highlights of his life and Adams? This is the Bicentennial year. Look Another clue came when he proudly career: back and see what it was. pointed out a tiny item in the bulky budget DURING HEART SURGERY DR. V. W. "'I don't think it was an increasing bu­ proposal, expressing some disappointment HENDERSON Dms; CLARK PRESIDENT reaucratic state, with everyone working for that reporters had not yet discovered it. (By Bill King) a gigantic enterprise as almost an industrial ''I've included $100,000 in the department serf, to collect more and more objects and of motor vehicle account for painting murals Dr. Vivian W. Henderson, one of Atlanta's with less civ111ty in public life." in motor vehicle offices," he said. "I've also most respected educators and a nationally He is not frightened, he said, by the eco­ proposed money for child care areas for those recognized economist, died Wednesday after~ nomic changes that he sees as both necessary who come in to use the motor vehicle of­ noon at St. Joseph's Infirmary during heart and inevitable. fices." surgery. "The economy is going to get different, "This is a recognition of the fact that gov­ Dr. Henderson had been the president o! that's all," he said. "To some people that's ernment is more than a machine," he ex­ Clark College, one of the six units of the painful. To others, it's liberating from this plained. "It should express the artistic sensi­ Atlant.a University Center, since 1965. He mindless pursuit of materialistic consump­ bilities of people and also reflect the cul­ had served on numerous federal education tion." tural heritage of the areas where it works and economics task forces. "I think things are getting better," he and operates." According to E. L. Simon, chairman of added, "but that may be just according to Such clues abound, and new ones crop up the Board of Trustees of Clark College, the my values." almost daily, but they do not lead to a con­ 52-year-old Dr. Henderson checked into What are the values of this 37-year-old cise definition of Brown's philosophy in tradi­ Northside Hospital Sunday complaining ot bachelor, who followed his father into the tional political labels. chest pains. governor's office to become the most popular One thing is clear, however. He sees a fu­ He had undergone open-heart surgery five state chief executive since the birth of opin­ ture for the state and the nation that is years ago for the implantation of a plastic ion polls? vastly different from that envisioned by most heart valve, and doctors determined the Trying to put a label on them is the most people just a few years ago: valve was leaking. widely played parlor game in Sacramento. "Unless we ca.n get a technological break­ Dr. Henderson was transferred to St. Certainly, his doubts about· the funda­ through of massive proportions, the growth Joseph's Tuesday night and entered surgery mental soundness of the U.S. economic sys­ rate in the future wm be less than it is at 9 a.m. Wednesday morning. He died on tem make him sound at times like a radi­ now," he said. "And people wm get used to the operating table shortly after 2 p.m., a cal. it. They'll have no choice. school spokesman said. And yet his inistence on a balanced budg­ "England has certainly gotten used to Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson char­ et with no tax increase and his efforts to Where they a.re. In Canada, Pierre Trudeau acterized Dr. Henderson as a man "never too trim the size and influence of state govern­ was elected on a platform of avoiding price busy to accept the call to service," who ment have given Republican legislators and and wage controls, but they've been running "shared the vision of our city's future party leaders no opening to hang that label 10 per cent inflation and they had to impose while acknowledging the problems of our on him. them." past and laboring within the struggles of our In fact, liberal Democrats in the legisla­ "Southern California depends on fossil present." ture and elsewhere are growing increas­ fuel," he added. "People tell us there's only Jackson praised Dr. Henderson's "dedica­ ingly restive with Brown's refusal to use the 15 to 30 years of it left .. What happens if tion to Atlanta, his creative approach to fiscal and political power of state govern­ issues and his boundless enthusiasm for it's over in 30 years? What do we do? we new ideas,'' saying that "his presence at any ment to directly tackle unemployment, edu­ have to take that into account now." cation and other problems with traditional meeting" was an "invaluable asset." "When you have 6 per cent of the planet "I personally am indebted to Dr. Henderson Democratic activism. and you're taking 40 per cent of the re­ He is often described as a conservative, but for his help and guidance during the first one look at the farm labor b111 he signed sources and the rest of the planet is orga­ two years of my administration. I always and the men he appointed to enforce it nizing against you," he said at .another point, knew I could call upon him for advice, for makes that an unsatisfactory description. "possibly you'd better take stock against the guidance and for strength," Jackson added. Perhaps the best way to analyze him is to future. Find out what's possible and what Atlanta University Center Chancellor Lisle follow the clues given by the statements and isn't possible." C. Carter called Dr. Henderson's death "a proposals he has made since taking office a "Pa.rt of maturity is the ability to test and deep loss." little over a year ago. understand reality," he concluded. "I'm say­ "Dr. Henderson was a national leader in Almost as well known as his insistence on ing that the American reality is changing education and a recognized authority on limiting tax are his views on pay for pub­ and we wm either change with it, or we'll manpower economics. He made important lic employes. He has often said that per- just face increasing demoralization." contributions to the civU rights movement February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3465 and was a consistent advocate of equal em­ He was also a director of the National against Great Britain, the Continental ployment and, more recently, full employ­ Urban Coalition, the National Bureau of ment for Americans,'' Carter said. Economic Research, Common Cause, the Congress appointed a committee for that "At Clark College, as president, his JM'esence Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, the Citizens purpose. The committee, which was to has been felt through innovations, advance­ and Southern National Bank, the Martin visit Canada and explain the American ment and expansion over the last decade," Luther King Jr. Center for Soci·al Change position to the clergy and gentry, includ­ Carter added. and was a member of the board of trustees ed Benjamin Franklin and Samuel Atlanta Chamber of Commerce President of The American University. Chase, both Members of Congress, and Joel Goldberg said that Dr. Henderson's He was co-chairman of the Interstate Com­ Charles Carroll, a highly respected pat­ "pride in Atlanta and his contributions to her mittee on Human Resources and Public Serv­ riot from Maryland. Congress formed progress will be sorely missed." ices of the Southern Growth Policies Board Goldberg cited Dr. Henderson's efforts "in and was chairman of the Atlanta Regional the committee after its Committee of assuring the orderly desegregation of the At­ Commission Health Manpower Task Force. Secret Correspondence reported that if lanta public schools in 1972" as an important He was a founding member of the Black the Canadian clergy and gentry were contribution to Atlanta. Academy of Arts and Sciences and was a fel­ won over, they could aline Canada with "Both Atlanta and the Chamber have lost low in the American Academy of Arts and the Colonies. a loyal and valued friend,'' Goldberg said. Sciences. Dr. Albert Manley, retiring president of Dr. Henderson was a life member of the Spelman College of the Atlanta University National Asociation for the Advancement of Center, mourned Dr. Henderson's death as Colored People and was a director of the TRIBUTE TO GEORGE ELKINS the loss of a close friend of 30 years. Voter Education Project. "It is a sad day for the Atlanta University He had formerly been a director of the Center as well as the city of Atlanta," Manley Atlanta Urban League, a member of the said, adding that his own retirement would adVisory committee of the Atlanta Charter HON. THOMAS M. REES have made Dr. Henderson the senior president Oommis·sion and a member of the state Man­ OF CALIFORNIA at the consortium of six black institutions. power Advisory Committee. He had been a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dr. Henderson came to Clark College as the director of the Atlanta Community Chest, 18th president of the predominantly black the Atlanta chapter of the National Confer­ Tuesday, February 17, 1976 school in 1965 from Fisk University in Nash­ ence of Christians and Jews, the Atl·anta Oivil ville, Tenn., where he had served as an ad­ Liberties Union, the board of trustees of Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, I would like to ministrator, professor and chairman of the Wesley Homes and numerous other groups. take this opportunity to pay tribute to Business Administration and Economics Dr. Henderson served as co-chairman of one of the outstanding members of my Department. Mayor Jackson's Reorganization Task Force congressional district, George Elkins. A nationally known economist, he con­ in 1973 and as education co-chairman of for­ Last week, Mr. Elkins was honored by the ducted pioneer studies of the black labor mer Gov. Jimmy Carter's GoaJ.s for Georgia Westwood Shrine Club as their Man of market and potential buying power of the P.rogress. He participated in President Ger­ black community and was the author of the Year. Through our long-standing ald Ford's White House Conference on In­ personal friendship, I have come to know numerous articles on economics, race rela- flation in 1974. • tions and education. A native of Bristol, Tenn., Dr. Henderson the man and his tremendous accomplish­ Dr. Henderson was .appointed to numerous graduated from North Carolina Central Uni­ ments, both in business and civic en­ presidential task forces and commissions versity in Durham, N.C., and received his deavors. under former President Lyndon B. Johnson. masters and doctoral degrees in economics Born in New Mexico, George Elkins He prepared papers for the 1966 and 1967 from the University of Iowa. came to southern California in 1921. The White House conferences on civil rights and During his career he also taught at North was named to the Commission of Rural Pov­ fallowing year he founded -a real estate Carolina State University, North Carolina company in Beverly Hills which would erty in 1967-68. Central University and Prairie View A&M He also served as chairman of the Georgia College in Texas. soon grow into one of the most respected Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission Dr. Henderson was the rectpient of the and dynamic in the area. Since that time of Civil Rights and was a member of the U.S. w. E. B. DuBois Award of the Association of George Elkins has been one of the most National Commission to UNESCO from 1969 Social and Behavioral Scientists in 1974 and influential figures in the development of to 1972, serving on committees on education received the Medal for Distinguished Service Beverly Hills. and human rights. from Teachers College, Columbi·a University Known as a progressive liberal, Dr. Hender­ During the late 1930's and 1940's Elkins in 1970. brought three major department stores, son started a program of expansion at Clark Funeral services wm be held at 11 a.m. College while chiding the white community Saturday at the Warren Memorial United W & J Sloane, Saks Fifth Avenue, and in Atlanta for its lack of support for the Methodist Church. Burial wm follow a 4 I. Magnins, to Beverly Hills. It was this school. - p.m. service the same day at the John Wes­ kind of foresight which fostered interest He once took the rostrum of the Georgia ley Memorial Chapel at Briostol, Tenn. in the area and contributed significantly House of Representatives to criticize the lack Dr. Henderson is survived by his widow, the to growth. Real estate was at a very low of financial support for black co.Ueges from former Anna. Powell; daughters, Miss Wyon­ point during the pre-war years and the business community, saying, "We have ella. Marie Henderson, Miss Kimberly Ann George Elkins was able to encourage grown and developed in spite of Mlanita and Henderson; sons, Dwight Ceckic Henderson the South." and David Wayne Henderson. Miss Wyonella prospective buyers by pointing out the On another occasion, he chastised then­ Henderson is a law student at Emory Uni­ desirability of the Beverly Hills area. Secretary of Agriculture Clifford Hardin for versity, and Dr. Henderson's two sons attend George Elkins, who is still active as the "discriminatory" practices in the department Clark College. chief executive officer of his firm, has and a lack of concern for bl·ack farmers. Also surviving are sisters, Miss Frieda L. been president of both the Beverly Hills Dr. Henderson said blacks should support Henderson of Bristol, Tenn.,- Mrs. Edward and Los Angeles Realty Boards. He is a the expansion of Atlanta because they "don't Boyden of West Virginia; Mrs. John Valen_­ lifetime director of the California Real have the economic muscle to keep Atlanta tine of Landover, Md.; brothers, W. T. viable" if the city became all black. Henderson, Authur Henderson and Forrest Estate Association, a member and past He called the "economic insecurity" of Henderson, all of Bristol and J. J. Hender­ vice president of the Mortgage Bankers bl·acks the nation's biggest problem and son of Durham, N.C. Association of America, and a former di­ called for more federal spending and guaran­ rector of the National Association of Real teed employment. Estate Boards. Dr. Henderson justified the role of black In addition to leadership in his profes­ colleges in a society seeking racial in tegra­ tion by noting that "we live in a pluralistic TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO TODAY sion, George Elkins has contributed society ... and each group has a righrt to exist significantly to the well being of the according to its own self-determination, and community. He is a director of the Amer­ black colleges are an important avenue to HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS ican Red Cross, a member and past presi­ that determination." OF CALIFORN_IA dent of the Los Angeles Economic Round Along those lines, he supported consolida­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Table, a trustee of the Greater Los An­ tion of the six campuses in the Atlanta Uni­ geles Zoo Association, a trustee of the versity Center in order to improve its educa­ Tuesday, February 17, 1976 tional effectiveness. American Educational League, and past Dr. Henderson was a member of the Board Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years chairman of the university board of Pep­ of Trustees of the Ford Foundation and was ago on February 15, 1776, believing that perdine University. president and chairman of the executive it was still possible to persuade Canada Although over 50 years have passed committee of tLe Southern Region.al council. to join the Colonies in the struggle since George Elkins first became involved 3466 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 with the development and welfare of employers in the Rapid City area h ave met still suffering under the oppression that the community, he still maintains the at Godfrey's garage to see what additional surrounds them every day of their lives. OSHA tea they can toss in the harbor. In 1918, after more than 100 years of vitality and energy of his early days as An OSHA inspector also came to call on one of Beverly Hills' greatest tennis the metalworking plant of Howard Dearborn, Russian domination, Lithuania declared doubles players. He is a man of great Inc., in Fryeburg, Maine. This was on its independence. During the next 22 integrity as is evidenced by the repu­ June 24, 1974. The proprietor ls a Yankee years the people of that Republic made tation of his firm and respect of his em­ fa,csimile of the kind of character known great strides in reestablishing their na­ ployees. in the South as an unreconstructed rebel. tional identity, their culture, their so­ I know my colleagues will join me in Dearborn's plant is engaged in highly sophis­ ciety. Lithuania was able to build a viable ticated work. Even the bureaucTats have con­ state and to foster the growth of agricul­ congratulating George Elkins for out­ ceded that Dearborn's operation "is in good standing leadership in his profession and physical condition, is safety conscious and ture and industry. Then at the outbreak community affairs. does its best to comply with safety regula­ of World War I, the independence these tions." hard-working and freedom-loving peo­ Nevertheless, the inspector found a weld­ ple had fought for and thrived under ing electrode cable with damaged insulation. came to an abrupt end. For in 1940, Lith­ BICENTENNIAL SPIRIT FIGHTS OSHA hit Dearborn with a $25 fine, and uania was declared a constituent repub­ FEDERAL COLOSSUS Dearborn hit the roof. He said he was an lic of the U .S.S.R. honest businessman running an honest Mr. Speaker, although the Communists plant, and he refused to pay. He .took it to have worked diligently to dampen the HON. DEL CLAWSON the OSHA Review Commission. There the Lithuanians' spirit of freedom and to OF CALIFORNIA penalty was upheld. Dearborn still refuses to pay. His position is that nobody but no­ take away their cultural identity, they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES body can track his way through the thou­ have not succeeded. And they never will. Tuesday, February 17, 1976 sands of pages of OSHA regulations. If the For the Lithuanian people know the true inspector had merely asked him nicely to re­ meaning of the fundamental, inalienable Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, add­ place the cable, he would have replaced it rights and liberties of man-the freedom ing to our bulging files of illustrations of on the spot. He long ago replaced it anyhow. to speak without oppression, to assemble the need for Congress to curb the bu­ The case has cost him $3,000 in legal fees, and he's directed his attorneys to appeal to without fear, and to practice religion reaucratic excesses committed with the without harassment. And so today, they stated purpose of carrying out the laws the courts. Godfrey and Dearborn are exceptional men. continue their fight to regain the free­ written by this body, is another excel­ Last year OSHA's 1,234 inspectprs visited doms so brutally taken away from them. lent column by Mr. James J. Kilpatrick. 88,800 establishments. They found 66,000 Let us pray that one day Lithuanian The column, which appeared in the employers with an average of about five vio­ freedom and independence will be a fact Washington Star of Saturday, Febru­ lations each. The inspectors proposed pen­ rather than the hope it is today. ary 14, is inserted at this point in the alties totaling $9.5 million, or roughly $150 RECORD for the information of my per citation. Only 5 per cent of the cited colleagues: employers appealed to the Review Commis­ sion; the other 95 per cent figured it was BICENTENNIAL SPIRIT FIGHTS FEDERAL cheaper to pay the penalty than to pay FIFTY-EIGHTH ANNIVERSARY OF COLOSSUS lawyers to fight it. THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA (By James J. Kilpatrick) In the five years since its formation, OSHA We will be hearing a great deal this year has managed to become one of the most about the heroes who 200 years ago twisted despised arms of the federal colossus. This is HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. the tail of the British lion. In keeping with not because employers a.re opposed to safety. OF MICHIGAN the Bicentennial spirit, perhaps nominations The notion is absurd. It is because the agency are in order for contemporary heroes cast in has delivered itself of a vast ocean of regu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the same mold. Two names come to mind: lations that no employer can wade through, Tuesday, February 17, 1976 Ray Godfrey of Rapid City, S.D., and Howard and because OSHA sends out .inspectors who Dearborn of Fryeburg, Maine. wouldn't know a brake shoe from a horse­ Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, yesterday These gentlemen are engaged in single shoe. At any rate, that ls the universal com­ marked the 58th anniversary of the es­ combat with the occupational Safety and plaint. • tablishment of the Republic of Lithuania. Health Administration, better known as A pessimistic prophecy is in order that This picturesque country, nestled along OSHA. If they had been hanging around the two mavericks will finally be corralled. the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea has Boston a long time ago, they would have The judge will' order Godfrey to let the in­ pitched the tea in the harbor. spector in, and the inspector will penalize experienced a very turbulent existence, Godfrey ls proprietor of the Godfrey Brake him 20 bucks for failing to p'rovide a fur­ an existence that has been built around Service at 110 Popular Street in Rapid City. lined cuspidor. Dearborn will spend another the principles of independence and free­ Back in mid-December, he was minding his $1,000 in a futile appeal. But if we're giving dom. As the United States nears its 200th o\Vn business at his own garage, when there out Bicentennial medals, marking revolution birthday, it is only fitting that we pay came a knock on the door. It was a total against tyranny, save a couple of silver ones tribute to Lithuania, a nation built upon stranger. for them. and striving for many of the same prin­ Godfrey asked who was he, and the ciples that we, as Americans, claim un­ stranger said he was an inspector for OSHA. deniable to ourselves. Says who, says Godfrey. Say me, says the LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE stranger. Izzat so, says Godfrey. And with More than 500 years before the United that, Godfrey reached into his drawer and States declared its own independence, pUlled out a handy-dandy form. Fill it out, HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH Lithuania was a prosperous independent says Godfrey to the stranger, and we'll see. OF NEW JERSEY nation. Lithuanian independence was lost It was an "Ofilcial Public Servants Ques­ however in 1795 when Czarist troops in­ tionnaire." South Dakota has been plagued IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vaded Lithuania and maintained control with phony feds bearing phony credentials. Tuesday, February 17, 1976 there until February 16, 1918. At that Godfrey wanted to be certain whom he was letting on the premises. His prepared form Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, February time the Lithuanian National Council inquired of the stranger's age, residence, 16, 1976 marked the 58th anniversary of proclaimed Lithuanian independence. race, sex, education and whether he had a Lithuania's independence. It is interest­ Lithuanian independence lasted only criminal record. It asked a lot of other ing to note that Febru&.ry 16; 1976 is also 22 short years, but during that time questions--the same kind of darnfool ques­ the day we in the United States com­ Lithuanians made great strides toward tions the government regularly puts to busi­ memorated the birth of our first Presi­ providing for themselves a better life, nessmen. The stranger went away in high dudgeon, dent, George Washington, a leader in the based on the principles of freedom, liber­ and a week or so later Godfrey found himself American fight for independence. Yet ty and independence. As we are all pain­ on the defendant's end of a suit in U.S. Dis­ that is where the similarity ends. Indeed, fully aware, in 1940 Lithuania was in­ trict Court. The Department of Labor was today and for the entire year of 1976, we vaded by the Soviet Union and has been seeking a. court order to compel Godfrey to will celebrate and rejoice in our freedom. since that time claimed illegally as a admit the stranger to his shop. On Dec. 31, Soviet Republic. Judge Andrew Bogue took the matter under But for the Lithuanians there can be no advisement, and as of this past Monday that such celebration; no such rejoicing. For The spirit of freedom and liberty how­ was where it rested. Meanwhile, 125 other how can there be, when their people are ever continues in Lithuania. A large February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3467 group of priests and citizens has for the ican Federation of Labor and Congress of In­ students from the Mississippi gulf ooast, past 4 years been publishing an under­ dustrial Organizations and was also shunned Angela C. Roberts of Long Beach, Miss., ground newspaper, reporting violations by many Congressional liberals on the ground that it was impracticable and full of tech­ and David A. Truetel, Jr., of Bay St. of Soviet laws and Lithuanian civil rights nical defects. For example, the original bill Louis, Miss., who are presently here in by the Soviet authorities. Though would have required the Government to our Nation's Capital participating in the stripped of their civil rights, the deter­ adopt policies that would lower the unem­ fifth class of the 1976 Presidential Class­ mined people of Lithuania continue to ployment rate to 3 percent within 18 months, room fQr Young Americans. work to preserve their national heritage a goal that most economists consider im­ The Presidential Classroom program and culture and to further their goals of possible to meet. provides a wonderful opportunity for the ultimate freedom and independence. As a OTHER DEFECTS CITED young people of our country to gain an citizen of the United States, I commend At the same time, the original draft, in the insight into the dynamics of government and congratulate the Lithuanians view of those who are trying to rewrite it, through firsthand contact with the Fed­ throughout the world for their strength was short on programs and procedures for eral Government's institutions and and courage and take pride with them creating jobs. leaders. as they continue their course toward That group still includes Mr. Keyserling, I know that Angela and David will freedom. but has added Nat Goldfl.nger, the chief benefit greatly from this educational ex­ economist of the A.F.L.-C.I.O., and Jerry J. Jasinowski of the staff of the Congressional perience and their visit to Washington Joint Economic Commi·ttee, of which Sen­ during the Bicentennial Year. DEMOCRATIC FACTIONS JOIN ON A ator Humphrey is the chairman. FULL EMPLOYMENT BILL The coming week may be the make-or­ break period for the negotiations on the new draft. There are still important unresolved LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS issues. OF CALIFORNIA For example, the economists doing the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES drafting have about decided that an unem­ HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE OF NEW JERSEY Tuesday, February 17, 1976 ployment rate of 3 percent, which they agree is a good definition of true "full employ­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I would ment," cannot be reached in less than four like to call the attention of the Members years. Tuesday, February 17, 1976 But Mr. Hawkins and other members of the Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, on to the following article in the New York Congressional Black Caucus are still urging Times on Monday, February 16, con­ that the full-employment target be set at February 16, 1918, an independent Lith­ cerning the full employment legislation three years. uania was established, thus ending years which Congressman REUSS, Senator They feel strongly on the point because of repression during which the heroic HUMPHREY and I, along with over 120 co­ the unemployment rate for blacks is almost people of this tiny Baltic State had · sponsors in the House and Senate, have always at least twice a.s high as that for the struggled to regain the freedoms lost to introduced. The article discusses in gen­ country and as much as five times higher foreign control in 1795. The period of eral terms the new version of the legisla­ for young black people of both sexes. As of new freedom inaugurated with the tion which will be made public at a press January, the national unemployment rate founding of the modern Republic of conference on February 26 at 9:30 a.m. in was 7.8 percent. Lithuania, however, was to be short­ room 2175 of the Rayburn House Office MEANY A POSSIBLE OBSTACLE lived. After only 22 years of freedom from Building: Similarly, there may be a problem in get­ oppression, the events of World War II ting George Meany, the president of the quickly cut short the enjoyment of these DEMOCRATIC FACTIONS JOIN ON A F'uLL A.F.L.-C.I.O., to agree to any provisions in EMPLOYMENT BILL the bill that appear to be imposing restric­ hard-won freedoms as the country was (By Eileen Shanahan) tions on the ability of unions to seek higher overrun and occupied by the Soviet WASHINGTON, February 15.-Representa­ wages for their members. This problem is Union. tives of three centers of influence in the potentially so difficult that there is no final The Lithuanian struggle for human Democratic Party-the A.F.L.--C.I.O, the draft yet of the section of the bill outlining dignity and freedom still continues to Congressional Black Caucus and Senator policies for containing inflation while the this day, however, due to the long tradi­ Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota-have economy is undergoing rapid expansion back tion of national identification dating been quietly negotiating for weeks in an toward full employment. back to 1253 when a delegate of Pope effort to draft legis·lation that would commit The basic design of the bill has, however, Innocent IV crowned Mindaugas King the Government to create a job for everyone been agreed to. It would augment the Em­ who wants to work. ployment Act of 1946, which first committed of a united Lithuania. This strong Those involved in the negotiations see the nation to a policy of striving for maxi­ identity has enabled the Lithuanian their effort as one that could, if successful, mum employment, production and purchas­ people to survive years of relentless pres­ firmly reunite organized labor, blacks and ing power, by requiring the President to pro­ sure to abandon their religion, culture, liberals under the Democr.atic banneT. The pose and Congress to pass, each year, specific and language. three groups have often split in the recent numerical goals for employment, economic Even though many Lithuanians emi­ past, and bringing them back· together is growth and changes in the price level. grated to other lands, including the seen by the negotiators as a goal that is at The policy that would achieve those goals least as important as the legislation itself. would have to be described in detail in both United States, they maintained strong The legislation, in turn, is seen as a sure­ the Presidential proposal and that legislation cultural ties to their homeland which fire vote getter for Democratic candidates for approved by Congress, which could, of course, enriched their adopted countries. Leav­ every office from President on down. Those differ from what the President had recom­ ing Lithuania, they never relinquished working on the bill thought this from the mended. their quest for Lithuania's freedom. start, but their view was reinforced by the The subjects to be covered by the annual We as Americans, citizens of a free publication last week of a New York Times­ economic policy resolution would include the country, must not only admire Lith­ CBS News survey that showed that 70 per­ monetary policy to be followed by the Fed­ uania's long struggle for national inde­ cent of the voters believed the Government' eral Reserve System. should provide jobs for all who wanted them. pendence, but must also appreciate Lith­ It is not yet clear whether a serious at­ uania's rich contribution to our own tempt will be made to pass the job guarantee varied cultural background. Accordingly, bill this year, once it is written. The Speaker TWO OUTSTANDING STUDENTS the United States has both strong intel­ of the House, Carl Albert of Oklahoma, has FROM THE MISSISSIPPI GULF lectual ties to Lithuania and strong emo­ said that he wants the bill passed. COAST tional ties to the homeland of so many The proposed legislation is a new draft of of our fellow citizens. These ties help what is known a.s the Hawkins-Humphrey explain our strong commitment as a na­ full employment bill. As originally intro­ duced more than a year ago by Representa­ HON. TRENT LOTT tion to the right of self-determination of tive Augustus F. Hawkins, Democrat of Cali­ OF MISSISSIPPI these Baltic nations. fornia, and Senator Humphrey, it was largely IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In this regard, many Members of the House supported the resolution expres­ the work of economists such as Leon Keyser­ Tuesday, February 17, 1976 ling who stand t.o the left of most of the rest sing the sense of the Congress that no de­ of the Democratic Party. Mr. LOTT. Mr. Speaker, I would like cision be taken at the European Security The bill was never endorsed by the Amer- to recognize two outstanding high school Conference which would accord recogni- 3468 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 tion to the illegal annexation of the Baltic of the day-to-day involvement in finan­ comply and sue them 1f they don't. Jane States. In spite of the fact that modern cial matters and on February 17, 1776, Byrne can. But a number of people were initially inclined to dismiss her as the maps display Lithuania as being part of appointed a standing committee of five mayor's token female within the city admin­ the territory of the Soviet Union, the to exert close supervision over the public istration. U.S. Government has steadfastly main­ funds. The committee was instructed to: "The men were very, very pollte at first, .. tained a policy of nonrecognition of this Examine the public finances and pe­ she said. "And then, their tone changed to. forcible seizure of Lithuania and her riodically report to Congiress on the state 'Who does she think she ls?' " neighbors. The so-called Helsinki Agree­ of those finances; In her tenure as consumer sales commis­ ment in fact, specifically endorses the Consider the best method by which sioner, Mrs. Byrne has forced compliance with ordinances that require specific meat. principle of border change by peaceful gold and silver could be sent to the army gradings, posted octane ratings for gasoline. means. in Canada; toy safety standards and a ban on phosphate In spite of the signing of the Helsinki Hire treasury personnel to supervise detergents. Procter & Gamble sued on the Agreement by 35 nations, the continuing the various o:fficials in the Continental last one, but the U.S. Court of Appeals up­ actions of the Soviet Union in the area Army and the committees of safety who held the constitutionality of the ordinance. of cooperation in :mmanitarian and were entrusted with public funds, and to She doesn't hesitate to use force: "I went. other fields indicates that more must be periodically report on their efforts; and off the old system of giving warnings to peo­ done to insure the free ft.ow of people ple cheating the public and decided the best. Supervise the issuance of bills of thing was to sue them right away," she said. and ideas. The plight of the Jugurtis credit--the famous Continental cur­ "In a sense, that was giving up some manip­ family, Lithuanians who have suffered rency-and to obtain from the colonies a ulating power-but gaining more clout for great pressure and harassment rather census of their population. the consumer in the long run." than remain separated, dramatically In September, in one day, a record $36,000 highlights the need of continuing U.S. in fines wa.s levied against defendants support for the people of the Baltic charged by Mrs. Byrne's department with States in their valiant efforts. The fact SHE LIKES TO BA 'ITLE deceptive practices, false advertising and BUSINESSMEN short-weighting. that already over 60 Members of the Mrs. Byrne is proud of her record. She House have supported the creation of a also can be thin-skinned. (When, for exam­ commission to monitor the compliance ple, Gov. Walker's consumer advocate, Celia. of the signatory nations with the provi­ HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO Maloney, called a press conference and said sions of the Helsinki agreement indicates OF ILLINOIS Mrs. Byrne wasn't tough enough in her en­ that the United States will indeed refuse IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forcement procedures, Mrs. Bryne stood up to forsake the Lithuanian people in this and said angrily: "You're either shooting struggle. Tuesday, February 17, 1976 from the hip or you're ignorant.") Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, today we Back in 1970, handling consumer affairs While the dedication to human free­ for the city looked like a pussycat job. dom symbolized by the brief existence see an increasing emphasis on the rights "When the mayor called me in and asked of the Republic of Lithuania has been of women as individuals. Women are en­ if I would do it, it sounded like a meat-and­ suppressed, therefore, it should serve to couraged to use their talents and abili­ potatoes kind of thing," she said. "He said highlight the necessity of our rededica­ ties for the progress of society and we people were being cheated, and he wanted tion as a people to the ideals so nobly are already witnessing the benefits of that to stop." embodied in that republic. As we cele­ the widespread utilization of woman­ Mrs. Byrne soon drastically revised her brate the birthday of our own founding power. impressions of how concerned big business. In my own State of Illinois, a woman was with the rights and safety of consumers: father, it is indeed fitting that we also "As the battles began, I decided Ralph Nader celebrate the birth of the Republic of is demonstrating her clout as Chicago's was right," she said. Lithuania. The double celebration can consumer sales commissioner. Recently Did this make her more cynical? only serve to heighten our awareness of her story was told by Patricia O'Brien Mrs. Byrne's smile was tight. "Yes," she freedom and the need to protect it. as part of the Sun-Times six-part series said. "Money is at the root of everything on "Women With Power." I want to they do." . share that story with my colleagues, for How does she operate when the storm I think Jane Byrne is doing an excellent clouds gather? "When I took on the meat industry on TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO TODAY job and is an example to men as well as grading, the grocery chains were furious. women of what can be accomplished They were labeling meat 'gourmet cut' or when you know your job well, and ap­ 'utility,' and these words meant nothing. HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS proach it with dedication and deter­ My question, when they came in to argue OF CALIFORNIA mination. and sat there," she said, jabbing a finger to­ ward this reporter's seat, "was, if it isn't. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The article follows: SHE LIKES TO BA'ITLE BUSINESSMEN choice, what is it? What does utility mean? Tuesday, February 17, 1976 The president of one chain threw a piece of (By Patricia O'Brien) paper across ~he room in disgust and said.. Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years Jane Byrne ls hardly the type of person "It's an old cow that won't give milk any­ ago today, on February 17, 1776, the who daydreams away a few hours at her desk more, but it's nutritious and we won't grade Continental Congress designated Maj. on a gloomy Monday. She's much too busy. it!' .. Gen. Charles Lee, who was in charge of And she's much too aware that, at any time, Mrs. Byrne leaned back in her chair as she New York's defenses, commander of the she might have a batch of angry market remembered that particular power play with American forces laying siege to Quebec, owners or oilmen coming through the office obvious plea.sure. door who don't like the way she does her job. "Well, I went ahead, and then I sat and and directed him to proceed immediately They don't like it because Jane Byrne, as waited to see if they'd sue. The pressure was. to that theater of war. The forces in Chicago's consumer sales commissioner incredible. All the cattlemen sent telegrams. Canada had been without a permanent has-and uses-the power to tell them how The day before the law passed, a telegram commander since the death of Gen. Rich­ to package meat and grade gasoline, and to came from the U.S. secretary of state telling ard Montgomery in the disastrous attack take them to court if they don't comply. me I would be jeopardizing free trade all on Quebec on December 31, 177'5. "Power in this place ls going by the law," over the world! Me?" The committee of safety of New York she said one recent afternoon, looking like a She shook her head. "I went to one of the cool and disciplined Doris Day in her Ultra­ city lawyers. I was-well, startled. And h& was urged to provide General Lee with suede suit, sitting behind the k,ind of for­ said, 'Jane, lock up that telegram, and adequate cannons, ammunition, and midable desk that makes a power statement someday when you're depressed, open it up other supplies needed by the troops in all its own. "And when you find abuse, you and remind yourself: "I interfered with free Canada. Maj. Gen. Philip Schuyler, who create a new law." trade all over the world." • " was recovering from an illness, was or­ Mrs. Byrne's power lies in the sponsorship Mrs. Byrne laughed. "I'll always keep that; dered to take charge of New York's of the man whose photographs &re sparingly, telegra.zn." defenses. discreetly, placed around her om.ce: Mayor She clearly enjoys her confrontations with Also, 200 years ago today, overburdened Daley. She is intensely loyal to him. There powerful businessmen who knuckle under are, after all, very few women with true clout to her ordinances. She clearly enjoys making by its many responsibilities, the Conti­ within city or state government; very few them conform. nental Congress decided to relieve itself who can draft laws, force corporations to Basically, Mrs. Byrne ls a loner whose life February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3469 is almost totally absorbed in her work. War II, first occupied by the Nazis and April 1952 he entered the U.S. Air Force, Widowed with a small child 17 yea.rs ago, then returning to Communist domina­ serving in England. After his discharge, when her pilot-husband's plane crashed in Glenview, she began working in politics in tion after the war. in April 1956, Jim came to the Washing­ an almost accidental way. Despite their long suffering under the ton area to work for the Catholic Uni­ "I was putting the baby to sleep one night, harsh yoke of communism, no amount of versity as an assistant controller, and listening to John Kennedy speaking on the repression has succeeded in stifling the from there, in July 1973, to the House of radio about the suffering of families losing Lithuanians' inate yearning for and con­ Representatives Finance Office where he men in the cold war," she said. stant hope for sovereignty and individual worked in both the benefit and audit "I felt, when he talked about the victims, freed om. Periodically stories of persecu­ areas. that he understood how the individual feels whose husband is dead ... so I went to tion and suppression of human rights But I knew Jim Hadley long before he work for him." break through the Soviet curtain. But we came to the House. Jim and his wife, Mrs. Byrne's daughter is in college now, may be sure that there are many such Eileen, were my dear friends and neigh­ and she lives with her ailing father. She is violations which do not become known bors in Laurel. I knew Jim as ever so not interested in marriage; she is interested publicly. generous and unselfish, and always primarily in work. As a result of migrations, deportations, available to be of help. He was a tireless She feels that perhaps the greatest satis­ repopulation from other sections of the worker who easily made lasting friend­ faction of her job is that she can trace a ships. He was constantly doing for oth­ direct line from her decisions to serving the Soviet Union, over half of the people now public interest. living in Lithuania are unable to speak ers, asking nothing in return. "I can get unsafe toys off the market and Lithuanian. Not only their language, but There are many, many of us who are I can get unsafe Christmas tree lights out of right to educate their children to the proud to have known Jim. Each of us can the stores," she said. "And that's a nice cultural heritage of Lithuania has been cite a different special attribute pos­ power to have." oppressed by the Communist doctrine. sessed by him which makes his passing so She has now turned her attention to cabs, There is also no indication that persecu­ difficult to accept. We all share a per­ ordering the city companies to line up all of tion of religious suppression in Lithuania Chicago's 4,600 cabs in Soldier Field this sonal sense of loss. month for inspection. And she is confident is abating, as shown in the official Krem­ Jim Hadley was a most wonderful, enough of her power to have added a hefty lin denial of the existence of the Roman gentle person, and already he is sorely guarantee: Catholic Church. missed. "There will not be one unsafe cab on the On this occasion, we should reaffirm streets of Chicago, if it means we have to our commitment to those Baltic nations examine cabs a much as eight times a year," still struggling for independence. The NATIONAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSO­ declared Mrs. Byrne. right of self-government in a free and CIATION RECOMMENDS BROAD­ She definitely is cool. And disciplined. ENED AND REVISED SMALL BUSI­ And certainly not Doris Day. open society, the very cornerstone upon which our society is founded, is the ob­ NESS ACT jective of these brave people, and must remain the objective of freedom-loving people throughout the world. HON. JOE L. EVINS THE 58TH ANNIVERSARY OF OF TENNESSEE LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE On December 2, 1975, the House voted in a 407 to O decision, that it was the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sense of Congress that the signing of the Tuesday, February 17, 1976 HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI agreement at the European Security Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Conference did not change the United OF ILLINOIS Mr. John L. Lewis, executive vice presi­ States policy of nonrecognition of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forcible annexation of Lithuania and her dent of the National Small Business Tuesday, February 17, 1976 Association, recently testified before the sister states, Estonia and Latvia. This Subcommittee on SBA and SBIC Legis­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, Feb­ policy reinforces Lithuanians in their de­ lation of the House Small Business Com­ ruary 16, marks the 58th anniversary of termination to await national independ­ mittee concerning proposed revisions of the declaration of independence of a ence and free existence of human rights. the Small Business Act. small nation on the Baltic Sea. On this As chief sponsor of this resolution, I be­ Because of the interest of my col­ date in 1918, the Republic of Lithuania lieve that this reaffirms our commitment leagues and the American people in this was created, and declared its independ­ to those Baltic nations, and clearly important subject, I place in the RECORD ence from the Russian Empire. makes known our opposition to Soviet herewith excerpts from the testimony I am pleased to join with my col­ aggression, and that we are taking prac­ given by Mr. Lewis. leagues as well as all Americans of tical steps to see that a margin of trust The excerpts follow: exists rather than appeasement of com­ Lithuanian origin and descent in com­ We praise the Small Business Administra­ memoration of the anniversary of the munism so that one day the people of tion for many of the steps it has taken in reestablishment of the independent Lithuania will realize their hopes for recent years. And we salute Congress for state of Lithuania. freedom will bear fruition. prodding the Agency, for performing admir­ Well over 1 million people of Lithuani­ rubly its oversight function, for giving the an background live in the United States, Agency maximum coopera.tion through legis­ approximately 200,000 of them in Illinois. lation. CONGRESS LOST A LOYAL AND The problem is not in the heai:ts of the Many of them came to America after VALUABLE EMPLOYEE top echelon of the SBA. The problem in­ their native land had been occupied by stead is that the Agency i's not independent; Soviet troops. Thousands of others fled it is under our framework of government, from Lithuania to other lands and still HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN subject to the all-powerful Office of Man­ others were sent to Siberia and else­ OF MARYLAND agement and Budget that can~and has­ ignored the will of Congress. where by the tyrants in the Kremlin. It is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES estimated that in just one brief period This situation will not change until there to Tuesday, February 17, 1976 is recognition in the Executive Branch that alone, June 15 21, 1940, 45,000 of her small business is currently, from an eco­ people lost their lives or were deported. Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, on nomic point of view, a most vita.I economic In the short 22 years that Lithuania January 23 of this year, I lost a good, force; and that, if private enterprise is to enjoyed its independence, the small na­ kind, beloved friend, and this Congress be saved in this country, small business must tion made great progress. However the lost a loyal and valuable employee. Mr. be given every encouragement and strength­ enjoyment of liberty was brutally cut off James Patrick Hadley, of Laurel, Md., ened in every way ... in 1940, when the Soviet Union forcefully was an employee of the Clerk of the How to make the OMB fully responsive to annexed that Republic within its Union House in the Office of Finance until his the needs of small business we d-0 not know. An However, Mi ·a. minimum, we believe the SBA of Soviet Socialist Republics. incor­ sudden death. Administrator should be a member of th& poration which has never been recog­ Jim was born June 5, 1933, in Duryea, Domestic Council or the Economic Policy nized by the United States. The country Pa., where during his youth he worked Board to do the in-fighting for small busi­ was a battleground throughout World for the State of Pennsylvania, and in ness ... 3470 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976

An e~ample is the 111-advised campaign There is no question that in times of dis­ throughout the American business commu­ launched by the Domestic Council to repeal aster, much of SBA's primary functions must nity. The board of directors of a big business or weaken a basic antitrust statute, the Rob­ be suspended by diverting SBA personnel to corporation, America's seventh largest cor­ inson-Patman Act. If the SBA Administrator service thousands of loans, most of which poration, an oil corporation, divested itself of had been a member of the Domestic Council, are home loans. At a minimum the disaster its chairman and two principal officers. A the White House would have known before­ loan program should be transferred .to an­ report in The Wall Street Journal stated the-fact tha:t they were tampering with legis­ other government agency. Logically this that "the board's tough stance in what some lation a.bsolutely essential to small business. should be the Department of Housing and management experts a.re already calling a Unfortunately, the damage has been done, Urban Development. 'classic' case in corporate ethics has set a and we app1'aud the efforts of the House Since the subject of these hearings is the 'higher level of corporate responsibility.'" Small Business Committee to save this stat­ review and revision of the Small Business These men who were forced to resign were ute from emasculation. Act, we recommend that the position of As­ men of competence and highly regarded by The problem, however, goes much beyond sociate Administrator for Advocacy be estab­ their peers. But professional regard and per­ service by the SBA Administrator on the lished, and that he and the Administrator sonal friendship among peers, business or Domestic Council or the Economic Policy be directly responsible to Congress for the professional, should yield to principle--to Board. Speaking very frankly, we know that stewardship of this program. Advocacy begins public interest. They had to go because the SBA must obtain clearance with OMB before within Government. majority of the directors apparently believed the SBA takes an official position on any The advocacy function should be fully that their continued presence would weaken governmental affair issue. As a result, SBA utilized or small business is the loser. We the ethical and, ultimately, the economic not through its fault oftentimes must de­ know that the people in the Office of Ad­ underpinnings of the company. This was a fault on representation of its constituenr.,. vocacy and the SBA Administrator are dedi­ historically courageous and commendable ac­ It is safe to assume that the Small Busi­ cated to the private enterprise system. SBA tion by the Gulf Oil Corporation. ness Administration, at the very least, must is committed to represent small business. In The press, especially the business press, be concerned with over 10.5 million firms our opinion, however, it must address itself duly noted the importance of the Gulf deci­ and in excess of 50 million U.S. citizens on more to the unholy alliance between big sion. The Gulf action represents a break­ the payroll of small business. business, big labor and big government. through onto a higher plateau of business However, according to the Department of There is no doubt that the SBA's role, in conduot. I hope the news media will develop Agriculture, the number of farms in the U.S. regard to other departments of government, the story further and I also hope all the lead­ is 2,786,000. By no stretch of the imagination should be strengthened and should be en­ ers of American business, each director of can one equate 10¥2 million business estab­ larged to include the funds necessary for a every board of every major corporation, will lishments and over 50 million employees professional staff in order to exercise their be challenged to follow Gulf's leadership. with two and three quarters million farms right to intervene on behalf of the small This kind of decisive action, instead of equiv­ and 3,900,000 workers on farms, and justify business community in matters before other ocal testimony, is what the American public over 80,000 employees in the Department of government agencies on matters relating to wants. This is the way to improve the image Agriculture and only about 4,100 in the the economic well-being of small business. of big business-by constructive, foresighted Small Business Administration. For fiscal The advocacy role of SBA is vital. It must aiction. If big business wishes to go up on 1976 the Department of Agriculture budget be represented on every Council and Advisory the good image polls, it must replace public was $2.9 billion. while the SBA's was only Committee to the Government to speak for relations propaganda. with ethical action. $110 m111ion. the rights and interests of the small business The majority of American corporations al­ SBA's appropriation is $12 for each small community. ready operate with honor and responsibtlity. business unit. The Department of Agricul­ Because of OMB, SBA will not be able to Now is the time for all of them to move in ture's appropriation is over $1,000 per farm. take stands on all issues. But at the least it this direction. Why has the Congress not given to the one can warn Congress persuasively of the im­ Although the American Medical Ass0cia­ agency specifically charged with overseeing, pact on small business. tion has not experienced the provocations helping, speaking for and, supposedly to pro­ The die is not cast. The time for action that beset Gulf and many other multina­ tect 10¥2 mlllion small businesses the money, is now. tional corporations, you have, nevertheless, the personnel, the "clout" needed to do the announced at this National Leadership Con­ job equitable, fully and effectively? ference an action that represents a very sig­ What the SBA needs is "MORE". More ETHICAL BASIS OF ECONOMIC nificant move upward in professional leader­ clout in the Administration, more recogni­ FREEDOM ship. I am referring to your initiating the tion, more stature, more personnel, and more formation of a National Advisory Committee money with which to operate. on Ethics, a free-standing committee that An additional and permanent source of HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT will operate externally to the AMA. You are fortunate to have as the chairman of this capital for small business is urgently needed. OF FLORIDA NSB recommends that tax-exempt federal National Committee such an impeccable and bonds be issued with the proceeds earmarked IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES able businessman as Fred Allen, the Chair­ for small business. Tuesday, February 17, 1976 man of the Board of Pitney Bowes, Inc. The current recession demonstrates that There are noteworthy points a.bout this neither the SBA nor small business can rely Mr. BENNET!'. Mr. Speaker, Ivan Hill, commit.tee. It represents a transdisciplinary on the banks in times of tight money. The president of American Viewpoint, Inc., committee, with representatives from several small businessman will always be at the end made some outstanding and interesting professions, business, theology, 1aw and the of the borrowing line. This latest recession comments on the ethical basis of eco­ academic community. This cooperation experience fortifies the need for direct loans. nomic freedom recently, at the national among the different peer groups is an in­ We urge that this Committee consider blend­ creasing necessity. While the practice of leadership conference of the American medicine should be the business of doctors ing of loans under 7(a). Half of the borrow­ Medfoai Association meeting in Chicago. er's loan would be in a direct loan and half only and the practice of law should be for in a guaranteed loan. This would reduce I asked his pennission to have it printed lawyers only, the problems of doctors and considerably the cost of the loan because of in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD; he agreed lawyers are no longer confined to the profes­ the difference in interest rates between these and I submit it herewith: sions. In considering the basic problems of programs. I was looking for an easy way to find out economic freedom and the principle of We further believe that the interest rates what I should say to this conference. Nat­ voluntarism, professionals should not be for all the SBA programs should be more urally, we did some research. Forty-three prisoners of their own peer groups. It ts thoroughly examined. Flexib111ty in these doctors were interviewed and asked the urgent that one peer set helps to strengthen rates is of course essential, rather tha.n question, "What would you say to the lead­ the ethical base of other peer sets. To be. rigidity. The important criterion, it seems to ership of AMA?" Knowing what I do now, I truly productive and self-enforceable, codes us, is that the rate be tied in with the cost of ethics must be covenants of peers and don't think you will be surprised at wha.t we public. of money plus a fixed percentage above that learned. We got 43 different answers. So I cost of money... Another important benefit from a united dropped that approach. I'll just tell you what committee on ethics, chaired by a business­ The Management Assistance Program I have in mind. man of broad practical experience, ls that should put its efforts where the need is press When members of the are criticized the discussions and actions on ethics will not greatest. I! the losses are highest in the 8(a) for how much bad news aippears daily in the program, the answers is not to phase out be relegated to scholarly groups parked on newspapers and on television, they often an­ mountains or in deserts. We need to take 8 (a) . Instead the challenge of Management swer to the effect that bad happenings are ethics out of the linguistic closets. The time Assistance should be to concentrate on the unusual and good things are so common­ is here when philosophers must become prac­ S(a) program until the bottom line of this place in our lives they are simply not news. titioners and even the most successful prac­ program is at least consistent with other Earlier this month, a good event did make titioners must take time out for philosophy. comparable programs administered by the the news. It was a.n unusual event, too, an Those who concern themselves with ethics SBA ... ethical cannon shot tha. t has been heard must develop a sense of reality and those February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3471

with perhaps too great a sense of reality ment will be expensive and inefficient. We will be circulated to corporate a.nd govern­ must become far more concerned with ethics. have already seen the effects of the law of the ment leaders, to all the members of Congress, The title of my talk today, "The Ethical seesaw-when honesty and ethics sink down, to professional and trade associations, and Basis of Economic Freedom," is the title of centralized authority and coercive regula­ to graduate schools in law, medicine and our new, 400 page hardcover book, due for tions rise up. The further a society moves business. In this book we are emphasizing publication in May. Since the key words for into the areas of economic controls, the that in a predominately service-oriented so­ this talk as well as for the book are ethics nearer it gets to people controls. ciety such as ours already is, it is difficult, ~nd freedom, I wish to state what we mea.n In. refere~ce to honesty as a beginning inQ.eed1 to reguli:1.te $ervice$ by statute. To put by ethics. Considering ali the cohferences point for ethics, We have been studying up iron posts of statutes to control the flow and study groups on ethics and the count­ numerous codes of ethics for various profes­ of services to the people will inescapably re­ less books on ethics, I must hasten to say sional and trade associations. In many of quire a. highly centralized govermnent that we have waded through many discourses these codes, the word honesty is used very whether we call it democratic socialism, wel­ and books. But I have been less than im­ sparingly or not at all. In reviewing confer­ fare caI)italism or plain dictatorship. On the pressed with the amount of linguistic, in­ ences on ethics, especially among business other hand, the professional and business voluntionary falderal that comes out of groups, it appears the participants have a groups are certainly not in a position to con­ academic conferences and books by con­ great hesitancy to use the word "honest." demn statutory regulations so long as they temporary philosophers. They seem to prefer phrases such as unpro­ tolerate in their own associations those who Some definitions of ethics require a whole fessional conduct, non-acceptable profes­ do business on the bias, ignore professional book. Of all the definitions I have heard or sional manner, lack of loyalty. Now, I can standards, fix prices and set fees without read, the one given by Dr. Albert Schweitzer, understand the reluctance to use a simple regard for peers or public. in a speech he made in Paris in 1952, is not word like honesty. It is much nicer, more As you know, the recent Supreme Court only brief but captures the essence of the gentlemanly, even less dangerous, to ask a Goldfarb decision, limited as the court de­ best of the others. "In a general sense," Dr. man if he is being unethical rather than ask­ clared, has helped to clarify many points, not Schweitzer said, "ethics is the name we give ing him if he has been lying and stealing. only for lawyers but for all professions. Busi­ to our concern for good behavior. We feel an Honesty does not simply mean not lying and ness and professions alike must take a whole obligation to consider not only our own per­ not stealing. Honesty must be affirmative. It new look at codes of ethics! Without strong sonal well-being, but also that of others and is being forthright and truthful. The prac­ ethical support within a society, the char­ of human society as a whole." tice of honesty must begin with being honest acter and usefulness of professional associa­ In his definition, Dr. Schweitzer has stated with oneself. You cannot effectively com­ tions are difficult to maintain! in another way the foundation principle of municate with others or with your own con­ But, before anyone in government runs off ethical behavior-The Golden Rule, which science without being honest. in all directions to deregulate one blind alley ls the common denominator of all major I do not believe any human being can ever while blocking several main roads, we should religions. Let me emphasize here that if ever achieve perfect honesty. However, I do be­ take a very unfettered look at all the anti­ there was a call for one to live the Golden lieve that a man or woman can live a life­ trust laws not with the idea that these laws Rule, to "do unto others as you would have time in America without actually experienc­ are not highly beneficial to our basic open them do unto you," it must be in the prac­ ing a situation that makes honest-to-good­ market system, but as to how professional tice of medicine. Men of many ages have ness lying justifiable. In America, we don't and business associations can not only be al­ considered the Golden Rule to be the fun­ have to lie to eat, to keep our jobs, to stay lowed, but encouraged to develop effective damental moral imperative. When Confucius out of mental institutions and prisons, or to sanctions and expand the areas of self­ was asked, "Is there one word which may stay alive. You know, one can even get rich enforcement. I have already tried to make it serve as a rule of practice for all one's life?", in America without being dishonest! Unfor­ clear that we must move in this direction or he answered, "Is not reciprocity such a word? tunately, this ls a fact too many of our young have a tangle of many barbed-wire prongs What you do not want done to yourself, do people refuse to believe. Today's sons and of regulations that may make a lot of people not do to others." But one cannot do good daughters know one fact quite well, however. give up in their struggle to stay economically by doing nothing. There are no e1(hics with­ They've observed it first-hand. The persistent free-which means diminishing political out action. And the greatest sin of all is doing greed for more and more money that makes freedom, too. That's why we believe that for nothing and remaining silent. so many nice parents evade and shade the the most part, all codes and canons of ethics Ethics precedes and leads to law. The truth. must be re-examined. Codes of ethics should ethics of an advancing society continues to Now, let's talk about the meaning of free­ call for conduct far above what the law re­ generate new patterns of behavior that are dom. What is freedom? To me, freedom quires, not just what the law already man­ ahead and above the la.w. The ethics that means just about what I believe most of you dates. The main change in professional codes ls embodied into the law is usually based on here think I mean by freedom. Freedom is of ethics that would justify cutting down and the morality of the majority in a. society. free speech, free press, freedom to assemble cutting our government restrictions would When the morality of the majority operates or associate with whom I wish. We sometlmes be to include the public interest in every at a level lower than the law, such condition forget that our rights, the rights of the peo­ covenant among peers. A few codes have al­ leads to a breakdown of the law and en­ ple, extend far beyond those enumerated in ready identified in fact, not just in fancy dangers the stability of the society. America. the Bill of Rights, in the Constitution. Ad­ the public interest as the essential ingredient faces this condition now. ministrative agencies in Washington often of a workable, enforceable code. The govern­ What is the difference between ethics and forget this. Further, we should recognize that ment in America 1s still the people. So, it ls plain old-fashioned morality? In American our Constitution is only the foundation for the obligation of government, professions culture, the terms ethics and morality have our freedoms. Without strong ethical under­ and business, to cooperatively work out self­ long been used more or less interchangeably. pinnings, even this solid foundation can enforcement procedures that will permit Both ethics and morality refer to rules or crumble away. And above our Constitution knowledgeable people to make fair decisions standards of conduct. We can distinguish be- there must remain, as it was in its making, in areas about which they are knowledgeable. _tween the two by stating that when the term an inspired, endless faith. Freedom is having I have been talking about association morality is used in our society, it is gen­ not only the opportunity, but the courage codes, covenants among independent peers. and ability to choose alternatives--your What about the need for government codes erally assumed that what is moral or im­ of ethics? Basically, I do not believe this is moral relates to religious guidelines. Ethical residence, your work, your God or no God. standards, although common to all major Regarding freedom, a professor in a great an area of urgent attention. The federal gov­ university asked me a few days ago: "Why ernment ls an hierarchical structure. What religions, need not be related to any trans­ a.re often called government codes of ethics cendental or religious source. While there is should a society be free?" This professor put in words what I believe is being asked in the are Executive Orders or Regulations with the no conflict between being ethical and being sanction of law. It is my advice to those in religious, having gOodness is not nearly so actions of people throughout America. And why not? An education for medicine, for law government who may be thinking a.bout easy nor so culturally acceptable as having codes of ethics, to first focus on enforcing the religion. Fortunate is the person who ls and for business, without the primacy of ethics and values, prepares a young man or law as it now applies to such things as kick­ secure in both his ethics and his religion. backs, bribes, conflicts of interest, stealing Being ethical means more than being hon­ woman to serve just as well, and perhaps be as happy, in a closed society, a socialist and even such a thing as receiving pay for est. But, honesty is the beginning point of all no work. ethical behavior. You cannot be ethical with­ society, as in a free society. Those who say out being honest. Honesty is a. basic, working they have no time to teach ethics and values A few corporate executives have asked me in the colleges and professional schools of what I think about Corporate Codes of Con­ social principle, not just a. moral guideline. duct. They have been surprised when r told The predominance of honesty throughout a America should ask themselves the question: them that, for most pa.rt, I didn't think Cor­ free society is essential to justice and to the "Why should America be free? If there is any purpose in being a human being, an "edu­ porate Codes of Conduct do much good. It effectiveness of law. Without an overwhelm­ cated" human being, it is to achieve a high ing pattern of honesty among its citizens, a you are the Chief Executive Officer of a large measure of one's human potential. Man, in corporation and you don't want anybody in free society cannot function and becomes order to be man in his fullness, must be free! unmanageable. We should know by now that your company to take or give bribes, to take Our new book on "The Ethical Basis of or give kickbacks, to deceive customers or without a high degree of honesty, govern- Economic Freedom," to be published in May, the government, to pay out secret funds to 3472 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1970 secret people, well-what do you do? First, ers of America, about whom we hear much? heritage. I have never heard of a scientist. you should not call in your Public Relations Since everybody has to be a consumer, I who was not a human being. And no human Vice-President to ask him to draw up an guess I am in favor of them. But I am be­ can be human without a set of values. N<> easy reading, splendid appearing, suitable­ ginning to be skeptical, a little wary, about one can be a great doctor, a great lawyer, a. for-framing Corporate Code of Conduct. my fellow consumers. We hav-e too many great teacher, businessman or statesman. What you, as the Chief Executive _Officer, consumers running around loose, just look­ without first being a great human being. The­ should do, is arrange a Board of Directors ing for an institution, especially their gov­ fl.rst step, a simple step, towards being a. meeting as soon as you can. Then, as the ernment, to rip off. I don't know whether great human is to carry out that old Golden company's top man, you should explain to I like being a consumer nowadays. Sure, Rule of doing unto others as you would have­ your board that you don't want anybody in they are my peer group, a rather large peer them do unto you. your company to engage in such nefarious group, but there is lots of anarchy among In the world today, freedom is fragile in. practices. Tell them you wish to circulate a them. Encouraged by friends and what they too many of the few democracies that re­ policy directive throughout the company to hear somebody else got away with, any little­ main. The nations of the West must look te> the effect that your company, their company, old-lady consumer is likely to sue anybody­ America to inspire them in their efforts to will not tolerate dishonesty and deception. not just her doctor. This attitude in past stay fully free. Our example to them can be­ Upon proper evidence, the sanction for Vio­ years has often been manifested in Con­ as effective as our arms. Cohesiveness of lation of such policy should be instant dis­ cerned Citizens movements. These groups spirit and purpose is the Number One bul­ missal. And, you should get the Board's ap­ were often created and promoted by charm­ wark of a nation's strength, whether that. proval of doing business honestly-<>r you ing, well-liked, concerned people-like the nation's leaders be in Hanoi or Washington, should resign. If you have to resign because fellow who sincerely wanted to be elected London or Moscow. It is not all that im­ your directors fear to be honest, then don't mayor so he could help get his brother-in­ portant whether we call ourselves liberals or hesitate to tell the press why you resigned. law's property zoned indus'trial or com­ conservatives, Republicans, Democrats or In­ Btlt, I think nine times out of ten, corporate mercial instead of residential. He felt his dependents, but it is all important whether directors will commend their chief executive brother-in-law's property should be worth we believe in the ideology of freedom and in officer for such courage and wisdom and ap­ $50,000 an acre instead of $3,000. With the the protection of personal liberties as con­ prove such a policy. If so, then issue the di­ decline in the opportunities and credibility ceived in the spirit of the Declaration of In­ rective over your signature, as the Chief Exe­ of Concerned Citizen groups, we have seen dependence and set forth in the Constitu­ cutive Officer, plus all the signatures of each a rise in variously named consumer move­ tion. member of the board, including all outside ments. In a few cases they may be called I believe in a strong military budget, but. directors. If an outside director says he the Concerned Consumer Environmental no defense budget, however large, can be doesn't know enough about the competitive Cause. Perhaps, we should have a consumer's strong enough to protect a country unless its situation to justify his signing such a state­ guide that tells us which consumer's group people are bonded together with trust in one ment, ask that director to resign. I recently works for consumers and which works the another, with faith in its institutions and read such a corporate directive. But it was consumers. In the absence of such a guide, is government. written so equivocally the reader could eas­ perhaps each of us must use his own con­ You are doctors. You do not need to sell ily interpret it as saying: "We don't want science. your souls for a surfeit of surgery. The mo­ you to be dishonest, but if you really have I do not like to facetiously exaggerate a ment you are a doctor, you have honor. If the to tell us about it later and we'll see what serious condition in our society, but we are doctors of America cannot set the ethical ex­ n~eds to be done." It would help to achieve proliferating all sorts of tribal units---each ample in serving humanity, who then will credibility if the chief executive officer went out to get more than its share. Such actions or can? If each citizen of the United States. around the company to personally deliver the are not limited to local groups. The pro-fes­ this nation so blessed with the fortunes of message to his managers. If you are that sional organizations of this nation too often nature and inspired in its inception by a. Chief Executive Officer, ask the labor unions reach out to get their limited gains at a cost wisdom that must have come from a God­ represented in your company to attest to of unlimited losses. Academia condemns if we cannot cooperate and respect one an­ your policy of honesty. Labor unions have a business, and business calls its own con­ other in order to maintain the freedoms that high stake in economic and political free­ ferences and feels guilty. Go to a conference all humans need in order to be truly human. dom. Their very existence depends on de­ of intellectuals and you are amazed at how what nation will or can? mocracy. I continue to be amazed at how many new words the participants can find seldom Ia.bor leaders speak out and take ac­ to denigrate the institutions of the society tion in regard to the essentiality of honesty that educated them virtually free. At one and ethics to the cause of labor. It is time meeting, I couldn't help jumping up to tell FULL EMPLOYMENT for them to join with big business in a sun­ them that if they are so smart, they should shine, above-the-table policy of eliminating know that the nature and strength of a dishonest and unethical praictices. I think democracy are its imperfections! Perfection HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS Mr. Meany would agree. in government exists only in the minds of The place for codes of ethics is among peer the absolute dictators that run them. OF CALIFORNIA groups, in professional and business organi­ In America, we have moved through a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES zations. And codes of ethics should not be period when education and technology Tuesday, February 17, 1976 devices to separate the different businesses reigned as kings of life's standards. We seem and professions so that each can protect its to have believed that man was made in the Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I would own and fight for the largest share of the image of machines rather than m achines like to call the attention of the Members benefits. They should be guidelines for co~­ tn the image of man. In medicine, too many of the House to an article in the Feb­ duct thrat increase benefits that can accrue to young doctors have been told that they do ruary 17 issue of the New York Times in all who work in a free society. Instead of not have enough time to learn medicine and using codes of ethics in the hierarchical its technologies, much less study ethics and which Mr. George Meany, president of structures of governments and corporations, values. Until recently, very few law schools the AFL-CIO, comments on the hard­ one should enforce the law and carry out taught separate courses in ethics. So the ships faced by millions of unemployed policy directives. There may be marginal uses lawyer, an officer of the court, your court and workers in the United States. Mr. Meany for government codes of conduct among mine, has not been given much opportunity and the AFL-CIO executive committee administrative agencies and, I suppose, a to study values. In graduate schools of busi­ propose full employment legislation as a handsome Code of Conduct will not hurt a ness, they, too, have had little time to teach solution that Congress should implement corporation, if the executives don't just sit ethics. Some are taught "target" practice­ there and look at it. management by objectives, make your quota, to ease these hardships now facing far It is clear to you by now that I am not achieve the end and let the means look out too many members of America's working confining my remarks to areas of medical for themselves. Less than one out of five grad­ population. I hope you will give these interests. After reading that survey of forty­ uate schools of business, even now, has much comments your fullest consideration. three doctors and getting forty-three differ­ of a course in ethics. True it is that chang­ The article follows: ent diagnoses for AMA, I figured this group ing processes and technologies demand a [From the New York Times, Feb. 17, 1976) here today could come up with several great deal of time in professional education, hundred prescriptions of its own. Further­ MEANY SEES FORD LACKING IN COMPASSION but principles endure. They require relative­ FOR JOBLESS more, you can always be assured that the ly little time to teach because they remain government and your patients stand ready the same, to be used tomorrow as they were (By Damon Stetson) to help you in your practice. Or, haven't thousands of years ago. BAL HARBOUR, F'LA., Feb. 16.-George Meany. you noticed? So my comments really deal When scientists and educators state the accusing President Ford of lacking compas­ with the ·economic and political environ­ wisdom of working without commitment to sion for the jobless, spoke out in favor of a ment that affects you as professionals and any value system on the basis that they do full employment program today and called as citizens. We have been talking about not wish subjective, emotional · considera­ on Congress to override the President's veto codes of ethics, about government and cor­ tions to affect their goals, we must ask how of the $6.2 billion public works b111. porate ethics. Now, what about the consum- can they divest themselves _of their human In a wide-ranging news conference, the February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3473 president of the American Federation of declaration of independence of the Baltic operation in Hawaii: The case of the Labor and Congress of Industrial Organiza­ nation of Estonia will be celebrated in the Aulea Aquatics Club and the U.S. Marine tions declined to name his favorite among Third Congressional District of New Corps Air Station at Kaneohe Bay. the Democratic Presidential aspirants but The Aulea Aquatics Club, a nonmili­ sounded friendlier toward Senator Henry M. Jersey on Saturday, February 21, 1976. Jackson of Washington than he had earlier. Many of Estonian origin and descent, tary organization, was founded in 1957 He suggested that senator Hubert H. Hum­ fine Americans I have the privilege of and chartered by the State of Hawaii phrey of Minnesota, a noncandidate at this representing, will gather at the Estonian in 1969. The early years of the club were time, was the "more electable" of the Demo­ House in Jackson, N.J., to mark Estonian difficult ones because of the lack of ap­ crats and that senator Edward M. Kennedy, Independence Day. propriate facilities for training and 1f he were to run, would be a "very formid­ I extend my congratulations to my con­ competition. However, in 1970 the prob­ able candidate." But Gov. George C. Wallace stituents and to Estonians across the lem was overcome. The Aulea Aquatics of Alabama, he said, would be a "disaster." country-members of a proud group who Club merged with the Kaneohe Bay Mr. Meany had no kind words for President Ford or former Gov. Ronald Reagan of Cali­ 58 years ago next Tuesday declared inde­ Swim Club of the U.S. Marine Corps. fornia. on the Republican side. He was par­ pendence. At that time, they reestab­ Over the past 6 years cooperation be­ ticularly harsh in criticizing the President lished the national independence lost in tween the club and the Marine Corps for last week's veto of the public works bill. the course of imperialist Russian ex­ has been splendid and the rewards have "I think he's completely without compas­ pansion westward. But their freedom been numerous. Most recently, the Air sion as far as the little people of this coun­ lasted only two decades. The new Com­ Force station and the aquatics club try are concerned," Mr. Meany said. "He's munist masters in the Soviet Union over­ hosted the fifth annual invitational concerned with the big corporations. He still ran and occupied the country during swimming and diving championships holds to the 'trickle down theory' that is :supposed to keep the corporations wealthy." World War II. The fact that these peo­ that brought world class swimmers from Mr. Meany made his comments following ple are not free today is one of the the mainland United States and nation­ the initial session today of the executive greatest tragedies of the 20th century. wide recognition for the aquatics club. council of the A.F.L.-C.I.O., which is holding My colleagues and I join with By way of this means I wish to com­ its winter meetings at the Americana Hotel Estonians across the country in the hope mend Mr. Bill Ward, president of the here. The council adopted a statement call­ and prayer that their homeland will once Aulea Aquatics Club, and Col. John H. ing for a full employment program-a job again be free and that their relatives will Miller, commanding officer of the Ka­ opportunity at a decent wage for all persons again enjoy life as free men and women. neohe Marine Corps Air Station, for able to work and seeking a job-as a top­ :priority of national economic policy. Though these people have suffered long, their continued cooperation which has they possess a determined spirit that no made this unique military-civilian com­ GOVERNMENT AID URGED dictator, no Communist, no despot of bination an enviable success. Further, I If the economy's regular channels of pri­ any kind can destroy. Ideas and ideals, as would like to congratulate the club mem­ vate and public employment fail to achieve that goal, they said, the Government must history has shown time and again, do not bers and servicemen who have contrib­ maintain a public employment program to die because someone says they should die. uted to the success of the aquatics club provide additional jobs at prevailing rates And just as free men have had to learn over the past 6 years. ·Of pay, but never less than the Federal min­ some of the ways of the Communists, so imum wage. the Communists will some day be forced Mr. Meany said that the A.F.L.-C.I.O., Sen­ to learn the ways of free men. CONGRESSMAN HAWKINS ON ator Humphrey and the Congressional Black Those of us in the United States who FULL EMPLOYMENT Caucus were continuing to work toward a are blessed with freedom, must continue full employment bill that could be adopted. to encourage the Estonian people in their Besides urging the House and Senate to efforts toward liberty and dignity. We HON. HENRY S. REUSS override the veto of the public works bill, the OF WISCONSIN -executive council also called on Congress to cannot lose sight of the overriding issue restore the 65-week maximum benefit period at stake in regard to the Estonian peo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for the unemployed and to provide addi­ ple-that of the right of all human beings Tuesday, February 17, 1976 tional extensions if 65 weeks proved inade­ to be free. Estonia it.self bears sad but quate. At least a m1llion workers have ex­ clear witness to the fact that the strug­ Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, I would like hausted their unemployment insurance, and gle for freedom is not limited to the to call the Members' attention to an ar­ .still haven't found work, the council said. undeveloped areas of the world. The ticle by our colleague, AUGUSTUS F. HAW­ In discussing politics, Mr. Meany said the KINS of California, which appeared in the federation did not have any official candi­ struggle exists wherever one group of people uses force to constrain another New York Times on Sunday, Febru­ date and was not participating in the dele­ ary 15, 1976. This excellent article dis­ gation selection process. He emphasized, how­ group. ever, that individual unions and members It is tragic that the Estonian people are cusses in detail the use of employment had every right, as many are doing, to sup­ forced to observe the passing of anot.her and unemployment statistics as a meas­ port a candidate and run as delegates to the independence day anniversary while their ure of the performance of our Nation's conventions. homeland still suffers under the power­ economy: Senator Jackson met a group of labor lead­ AMERICA'S UNDERUTILIZED WORKFORCE ·ers at breakfast in the Americana this morn­ ful and cruel grip of the Soviet Union. (By AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS) ing, held a news conference in front of the Let us in Congress use every possible cabana of Edward J. Carlough, president of opportunity to focus world attention on Some respected economists have recently the Sheet Metal Workers International Asso­ this Soviet stranglehold with a convic­ stressed the importance of using figures on ·ciation, this afternoon, and was the guest tion that some day, the grasp will weaken employment, not merely unemployment, this evening at a cocktail-reception given by and the Estonian people will be free once when evaluating the nation's economic per­ 11 union presidents. again. formance. While employment statistics are Mr. Meany said that Senator Jackson had one of many overall economic indicators, I a "good labor record" despite some disagree­ strongly oppose their misuse as a tactic to ments with him in the past. But labor does diminish or ignore the seriousness of the not demand perfection, and the Senator's THE AULEA AQUATICS CLUB: A nation's unemployment problem. long-term record is good, Mr. Meany said. SPLENDID EXAMPLE OF CIVILIAN­ Users of the employment indicator seek to MILITARY COOPERATION IN HA­ rationalize the 8 percent-range unemploy­ WAII ment rate as merely a reflection of the in­ creasing number of people looking for jobs rather than fewer jobs. ESTONIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA The new people looking for jobs, the ar­ OF HAWAII gument goes, are for the most part women, teens and minorities. Usually unskilled or HON. JAMES J. HOWARD IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES semi-skilled, these new entrants into the OF NEW JERSEY Tuesday, February 17, 1976 labor market are often relegated to seasonal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or transitional employment. Consequently, Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, I they are forced to alternate between unem­ Tuesday, February 17, 1976 would like to call to the attention of my ployment compensation and temporary jobs Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, the colleagues an outstanding example of which accounts for their disproportionate observance of the 58th anniversary of the mutually beneficial military-civilian co- occurrence in the unemployment statistics. 3474 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976

It is further considered that these indi­ on the monthly average basis, an additional technicians estimate that the device con­ viduals are not their families' primary bread 11 million were at work sometime during tained approximately 20 pounds of dyne.mitE· winners. Thus, their inability to obtain long­ the year. of plastic explosive. Casualties consisted o1 term gainful employment is dismissed as In both 1960 and 1970 the Bureau of 11 known dead and 65-70 injured, 30 of them relatively unimportant. Census reported on the size of the "labor critically. The death toll is expected to in­ The idea of emphasizing the employed as reserve," the number of people with work crease. opposed to the unemployed also has obvi­ experience during the previous 10 years but ous political appeal considering the fact that not working in the census years. In 1970, As we all know, the casualties did i.a­ the number of employed people (86 million) this figure stood at 27 million. It is probably crease, well beyond the initial estimate is far greater than the number of unem­ much higher today. in that rather clinically worded cable. ployed (about 7.3 million). Also, the employment data show that of And my point is quite simply this: That Although each of these arguments may all people with work experience during a the casualties will continue to increase remain valid from its particular perspective, year, fewer than 60 percent work year-round until we provide adequate protection neither of them comes near solving or ex­ at full-time jobs. This does not reflect either plaining a.way the real economic problem a lack of interest in work or the attractive­ from the madmen who murder at random of chronic unemployment. Unfortunately, no ness of part-time or seasonal employment. in this fashion. matter how much we try to alter the perspec­ Rather, it reflects the lack of suitable full­ I was a principal author of the Anti­ tive from which we view employment and time work opportunities for many millions Hij acking Act which brought about the unemployment, the nagging problem will of people able and wllling to work. search procedures for carry-on luggage. continue to exist. Employment and unemployment figures And that was particularly effective: As of In 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt must be examined from a demographic point December 1, 1975, there were 4,380 guns proposed the creation of 60 million jobs of view to determine variations in employ­ intercepted, 41, 700 knives, and over 400 after World War II, an idea that to many ment patterns which may distort the inter­ was an impossible goal. Nevertheless, Presi­ pretation of statistics based upon averages. explosive devices-not including ammu­ dent Roosevelt's goal was realized in 1952 Although last year's average of employed nition and :fireworks. And remember, that when employment reached 60 million, rele­ persons in the population-55.2 percent-was only accounted for carry-on baggage, not gating unemployment to only 3 percent of a shade below the long-term average of 55.4 that which is checked and carried in the the labor force. However, by 1952 most profes­ percent, we must remember who is employed. cargo bins, or luggage placed in airport sional economists had begun to define full Much of the increase in employment ap­ storage facilities. employment exclusively in terms of some pears to be based on an increase in the And therein lies the problem: La­ tolerable level of unemployment. number of females working, which has been The concept that full employment can be counter-balanced by declines in employ­ Guardia was not an isolated incident. For attained by ascribing to some "tolerable ment rates for men, older people and example, FAA Acting Administrator level of unemployment" is an idea that defies younger people. From an economic stand­ James Dow outlined last November the reasonable logic. True, full employment for point, it is a tremendous waste to prolong case of two bombs apparently placed the nation's labor force can only be attained the vitality of older people or to inflate aboard an Allegheny BAC-111 as checked when each and every "adult American able the expectations of young would-be workers baggage, and which failed to detonate and willing to work" has that opportunity. only to deny them job opportunities. We should break with the dismal record only because the saboteur did not ade­ The Equal Opportunity and Full Employ­ quately protect his timing mechanisms in ment Act, a revised version of which is to of the past 28 years and work toward a be released on Feb. 26, would specifically goal Of 100 million full-time and part-time packaging the devices. require that the President submit to the jobs for the next three years. This would To quote Mr. Dow: Congress an annual full employment and provide opportunities for millions of Ameri­ FAA has no new or additional security re­ balanced growth plan. cans to leave _the unemployment compensa­ quirements pending in the wings; however, This plan, to be supported in the Presi­ tion and relief rolls. we do think certain capabilities should be dent's annual budget, would recommend in In the end, it is the unemployment figures developed and be available when and if they quantitative and qualitative terms "the that actually direct attention to those who become necessary to meet changing or in­ number of jobs to be provided for adult suffer the economic, physical and mental creasing threat conditions. One of these is Americans in order to reduce unemploy­ debilitation of chronic unemployment. The the need for an effective and efficient method ment." unemployment situation cannot be solved by of detecting explosives in checked baggage redirecting the emphasis to the antipode­ and cargo. We don't have this capability to­ The bill would also establish a goal of employment. · reducing unemployment to 3 percent within day. We should have it on the shelf in case it a certain, definitive time frame. Finally, if we think of goals for employ­ is needed. The proposed legislation focuses specific ment we must also think of goals for the attention on the distinction between part­ various kinds of goods and services which And if I may briefly quote FBI Director time and full-time employment, with the America needs but, under current conditions, Clarence Kelly: realization that part-time work can be es­ is not getting. We must think of concrete We have had a tremendous rise, a doubling, goals for energy development and conserva­ in fact of (terrorist) activities in the past sential in using the labor strength of women, tion, environmental protection, housing and older people and younger people (including two years. It is ... an alarming situation. community facilities, child care services, The ordinary person ls unable to protect' students). education, health services, mass transporta­ It has been pointed out that from 1948 to himself from this. He must rely on the con­ tion, and agricultural production. stituted government ... 1975 adult employment has fluctuated be­ These goals must be brought together in tween 53 and 57 percent of the adult, non­ some fashion that recognizes their intercon­ And Mr. Kelly is right: The United institutionalized population, averaging out nections. at 55.4 percent for the entire 28-year period. States saw, in 1975, 2,053 actual or at­ The figure for 1975 was 55.2 percent or just tempted bombings, with deaths and dol­ about the 28-year average. lar damages almost tripling over the pre­ In economic terms, this is rather shock­ AIRPORT SECURITY AMENDMENT vious year-figures available. I have here ing. It means that 45 percent of the adult a 54-page listing of domestic and foreign population is being supported by the other aircraft hijackings over the years, with 55 percent. To put it another way, the living HON. JOHN M. MURPHY standards of the entire American popula­ OF NEW YORK such descriptive remarks as "at gun­ tion of about 213.9 mlllion ·people a.re based IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES point," "pilot killed," "crashed," "armed on the work of a.bout 86 m111ion people with homemade bomb," "hand grenade," (armed services included) with pa.id em­ Tuesday, February 17, 1976 "threatened with bomb," and :finally, ployment. Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. "now in mental institution." This is a narrow productive base for a Speaker. I would like to quote from an Obviously, hijackings occur within the society committed to the "work ethic." official FAA cable dated December 29, aircraft cabin, and this has been the There are a few considerations which 1975: ~hrust of the inspection of carry-on bag­ should be posed to those who think that At approximately 6:33 p.m., a high order gage. But senseless bombings such as the whatever has been true in the past should detonation occurred in the TWA baggage be true for the future. TWA flight over the Ionian Sea, the La­ claim area at La.Guardia Airport. Damage Guardia locker, and the Allegheny near­ Among the 45 percent of nonemployed consisted of total destruction for a radius of adults there are millions of "in-and-outers,'' 75 feet around the locker bank and shattered miss, occur when a murderer places an people who work for a while and then stop­ windows for approximately 300 feet. A 4x8 explosive in a suitcase, a cargo shipment presumably because of the lack of suitable foot section of ceiling ... was blown out. The or an airport locker. There is no specific opportunities. Thus, in 1974, when 86 million ceiling is constructed of 1 inch steel wame target; it is simply killing for its own civ111an employees were shown as working and 5~ inches of concrete. N.Y.C. and F.B.I. sake. The optimist will note that there February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3475 may be only one chance in a million of The Westinghouse gamma ray unit at The answer to the airline charge of such an explosion occurring; the realist National is a density scanner, which "We can't afford it" is that the airlines notes that one-in-a-million includes to­ scans for both density and area of ma­ are not paying for it ... you and I are day, and t-0morrow, and the next day. terials. It is not a visual unit with a TV paying 62 cents for every flight we make Other members of this administration screen, but will detect high density and to be certain that the plane does not have also noted the increased threat of specific gravity materials such as metal, explode with us in it, or that the airport potential disaster in checked baggage explosives and others. terminal building is not reduced to rub­ and cargo, including DOT Secretary There are also such units as a combi­ ble while our families wave goodbye. Coleman and FAA Administrator Mc­ nation X-ray and weight unit; the theory The FAA plods on: The task force re­ Lucas. In my recent letter to Mr. Mc­ being that since you must weigh baggage port which I requested from the Admin­ Lucas, I outlined my contention that the anyway-at least for international istrator on January 7 has yet to reach existing laws provide the authority and flights-it can be X-rayed at the same me. But no rational observer of the responsibility for the FAA Administrator moment. And these portable explosive Washington scene expects the bureauc­ to require the screening of all passengers sensors, X-rays and the like,' are simply racy to move forward under its own and property-that is, checked baggage the most mobile of the equipment; full steam; it needs a congressional push, and cargo-to the extent necessary to scale units are just like the familiar in the form of legislation designed to assure security against acts of criminal "doorway" we have all been through. say what must be done immediately, violence in air transportation. e·1ce of effective cooling, to the Are you saying the assumptions are wrong? harmfulness of low-level radiation remains point where meltdown begins. They probably are, but that's not all. ln dispute. There are some things, though, That sounds weird; can you explain a Computers who said "it'll work under these that worry me: little? assumptions," when designing an ECCS in The international radiation standard was When one isotope changes into another, the first place, aren't likely to say "no, it admittedly set at a high enough level to giving off radiation in the process, it ts said won't work"-under the selfsame assump­ avoid unduly 1noonven1enc1ng the fledgling to decay. Decay heat is caused by intense tions-when asked to double-check their nuclear industry. radioactivity, which accounts for the fact that design. A computer prizes consistency above The standard was arbitrarily set at a February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3477 level where manmade radiation would equal from the many perceptive and inspira­ a miracle-which, as the Times would surely natural 1nflation--on the highly dubious tional pieces written by Professor Kristo! be quick to point out, might be in violation premise that we can tolerate twice as in recent years. His thinking was solid of the First Amendment. much radiation from now on as evolution when the articles appeared. His writing THE T URKISH Q1:-ESTION programmed us to tolerate in the past. has a durability for thoughful contem­ Or take the apparent determination of Far from being harmless, natural radiation plation in years to come. Congress to cut off military aid to Turkey­ may well account for "spontaneous" cancers our most loyal NATO ally, with a liberal and genetic damages. Double the average The first of his articles-entitled "Po­ parliamentary regime headed by a social­ natural radiation level might be very dam­ litical Pollution in Washington"-ap­ democratic premier, with the largest NATO aging indeed. peared in The Wall Street Journal on army, indeed with just about the only NATO Radiologists are increasingly convinced October 17, 1974. The other article which army that might actually be counted on to that any exposure can be damaging, that I wish to share with my colleagues is resist a Soviet thrust into Europe. Why exposure should always be minimized, and headlined "The War Against the Cities" should Congress be carrying on this vendetta that where possible, exposure to radiation and appeared in the same publication on against Turkey? should be avoided altogether. March 13, 1975. The ostensible reason is that Congress, in Children are more susceptible to radia­ its well-known devotion to high-minded tion damage than adults; infants are more The articles follow: principles, disapproves of Turkish military suspectible than children; and fetuses are POLITICAL POLLUTION IN WASHINGTON action on Cyprus as a form of "aggression." perhaps 100 times as damage-prone as (By Irving Kristol) But cutting off military aid from Turkey adults. A radiation standard based on aver­ Something seems to have gone wrong with now will have no effect on Turkish military age adult tolerances may be far too large the plumbing in Washington, D.C. The at­ superiority on Cyprus or vis a vis Greece for the short-term welfare of the young mosphere in that political hot house, always in general and might even provoke it to as­ or the long-term welfare of Homo sapiens. discomforting to a normal human being, has sert this superiority more belligerently, while Some researchers postulated a correlation of late become so dank as to be unbreathable. it can. Besides, it is not at all clear that between proximity to nuclear power plants There are those who claim it is a case of Turkey has done anything morally repre­ and public health statistics on stillbirths, media pollution. others attribute it to sea­ hensible; its action may have been impetu­ congenital defects, infant mortality, and sonal (i.e., pre-electoral) emanations from ous or imprudent, but it was not without cancer. The validity and implications of a decaying legislative body. Still others say justification. After all, it was the Greeks who such research are hotly disputed, of course. it is merely the stench of burning flesh upset the status quo by overthrowing and But together with other factors-such as which accompanies any vigorous witch-hunt. expe111ng Makarios. It is the Greeks, more­ the cumulative effects of more and more Whichever explanation one believes-and I over, who have consistently refused to re­ power plants emitting more and more radia­ believe all of them-the facts are incontro­ nounce the eventual goal of (enosis) the tion into the same airsheds and watersheds, vertible, political discourse and politiool ac­ union of Cyprus with Greece-a goal which they persuade me that low-level radiation tivity in our nation's capital have achieved no Turkish government could or will ever cannot be dismissed as a possible hazard to depths of mindlessness and heights of irra­ accept, both for strategic reasons and be­ individuals, to the human race, and to other tionality that, if not unprecedented, are nev­ cause of the large Turkish minority on species. ertheless remarkable. Cyprus. So the Turkish reaction to events on Take the simple question-and it is a sim­ Cyprus was utterly predictable. ple question-of oil. our problem arises from It is now clear that the only possible solu­ IRVING KRISTOL, DISTINGUISHED the fact that the oil-producing nations, or­ tion in Cyprus is a negotiated partition of ganized into a cartel, have increased the cost the island, and that if we wi~h to be helpful WRITER AND SCHOLAR TO SHARE of that commodity to Americans by some­ to the Greeks it can only be as a broker in HIS VIEW OF THE BICENTENNIAL thing like $25 billion a year. There are two these negotiations. Congress is, however, rul­ IN BUFFALO proximate ways of coping with this levy. (1) ing out the possibility of any such construc­ We can cut back on oil consumption and re­ tive role. Why? Were there a large Greek duce the overall American standard of living vote in this country, the answer would be HON. JACK F. KEMP by approximately 5 % ; the obvious means of obvious. But the Greek vote is minuscule, so accomplishing this is either to ration oil and that explanation is ruled out. The only other OF NEW YORK gasoline or to impose a tax on oil and gaso­ explanation I can think of is that the Demo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES line. (2) We can move rapidly to increase our cratic majority in Congress, in collaboration Tuesday, February 17, 1976 own produotion of oil, coal, nuclear power, with the media, is out to "get" Henry etc.; the obvious means of accomplishing Kissinger, in an effort to obliterate the dis­ Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, in this Bi­ this is to suspend those environmental reg­ agreeable fact that the Nixon administra­ centennial year much is being spoken ulations which now make it impossible to tion did, after all, have some positive accom­ and written about what we as a Nation strip mine, to burn high-sulfur oil and coal, plishments on its record-positive accom­ have accomplished, where we stand and to drill into the offshore waters, and so on. plishments identified with the person of where we may be going. It truly is a None of these prospects is attraotive, to be Kissinger. sure. But neither is the situation we find The merit of this hypothesis is that it watershed year and this historical per­ ourselves in. does make sense of something that is, on its spective is fitting and promises to be of One could understand that Congress might face, a riddle-namely, that it is many of great value. find it painful to make a choice between the same people who are most critical of the But among the host of American these alternatives. One could understand if policy of "detente" who are also the most chroniclers in our midst, I know of none it faltered, moved reluctantly, displayed signs vociferous in denouncing anything that re­ who is more able and qualified than Prof. of confusion. What is not comprehensible is sembles a "Cold War" strategy. One would Irving Krisitol. the apparent determination of Congress to think that it is unreasonable to be against His book "On the Democratic Idea in refuse to choose at aU-indeed, to deny the both of these policies-unless, of course, America" is a classic work for all politi­ necessity of choice. Instead, Congress is des­ your purpose is not to argue for one policy perately looking for scapegoats in the oil in­ as against another, but rather to drive from cal scholars. And many of us are famil­ dustry or the Executive Branch or wherever. office the man who is executing whichever iar with his provocative columns in the In this exhibition of juvenile irresponsibil­ policy. Wall Street Journal. As a distinguished ity, Congress is much abetted by th e media­ How else explain the indignant uproar at member of the board of contributors to which, so far as Washington is concerned, the revelation of covert CIA activities in that publication and as the coeditor of means t he TV networks, the New York Times, Chile? These activities may have been un­ the esteemed quarterly publication, The and the Washington Post. The notion that wise-it is possible to think that a democ­ Public Interest, Professor Kristal has life is hard and that painful choices are nec­ racy should not engage in them at all-but provided us with uniquely objective views essary runs against the very grain of the they are hardly as unprecedented or as soap-opera mentality and tabloid format of scandalous as they are now made out to of our country's political, social, and eco­ TV journalism. It is also offensive to the be. When Senator Mondale declares that nomic values. bland, unthinking meliorism of those two these revelations are "unbelievable," and As Eric Hoffer has observed, the true major newspapers, whose basic metaphysicial when Senator Symington denounces them as prophet is not one who interprets the credo is that all good things are always com­ "unsavory and unprincipled," we are wit­ future but one who interprets the pres­ patible-and if they seem not to be, the fault nessing an escalation in hypocrisy that is ent. Irving Kristol is superbly qualified must lie with some wicked, vested interests which frustrate the inherent benevolence of itself disturbing. Both of these gentlemen, to interpret the present from his unique the universe. of course, knew-everyone in Washington perspective. So, between the moral cowardice of Con­ knew-about CIA activities in Chile; and As we contemplate the meaning of our gress and the intellectual fatuousness of the Senator Symington, for one, was in a posi­ Nation's 200th birthday, I ask permission media, we are doing nothing a.t all about tion to know it all in the fullest detail. to reprint two of my favorite editorials the oil problem. We aren't even praying for But what is even more disturbing than the 3478 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 hypocrisy itself is the post-facto myth about publicly maligned because he leased one of places to live in. Being myself a cosmopolitan events in Chile which is in the process of his homes, at a modest rental, to an old New Yorker who would perish of boredom if being constructed to justify this artificial friend who happened to have been appointed sentenced to a few hours on a golf course, indignation. The American public is now be­ a presidential assistant. Such acts of ordi­ and who regards barbecues as a form of sur­ ing told, by the media and Congress alike, nary human generosity were common enough vival tl"aining, I am in no position to appre­ that the CIA in Chile was engaged in over­ in previous administrations, and went unre­ ciate the amenities that these cities offe·r: I throwing a democratic Socialist regime which marked. Today, they are prima facie evidence am also sensitive to the absence there of cer­ represented the will of the Chilean people, of corruption, as Governor Rockefeller is dis­ tain traiditional urban vivacities. Still, I have in order to establish a right-wing military covering to his astonishment and his sorrow. to admit that most of my fellow-Americans dictatorship. And this myth has the real pur­ DEVOURING ITS OWN seem to like the life-style of these new cities pose of a~cribing to Henry Kissinger the kind (though I do wonder about their children), of malevolence and abuse of power that was And, when everything else fails, the jour­ and I see no point in arguing with them so evident in the Watergate affair. nalistic community will turn and devour about it. Such an argument would be all the its own. Jack Anderson won a Pulitzer Prize more pointless in that I can hardly cite our MR. SHANNON'S COMMENTS for publishing stolen government documents, But the facts about CIA intervention in older cities as models that oughit to be but is now under a cloud because, it has emulated. Chile are clear enough, and were aptly sum­ been discovered, he had access to secret FBI marized by none other than William V. These older cities-New York, Chicago, files while he was a legman for Drew Pearson. Philadelphia, Detroit, St. Louis-are indeed Shannon, of The New York Times' own edi­ His sin, one can only assume, is that he didn't torial board, on September 28th: in deep trouble. Built around an inner urban steal these files and publish them. core-"downtown"-which is the heart of "The CIA's objective was to prevent a pre­ Oh well: It won't last, of course. This emptive takeover of power of Salvador Al­ the city, they are finding it very difficult to frenzy, too, shall pass. The country needs adapt to the process of suburbanization and lende and the radical minority supporting to be governed and, in the end, it wm decide him. Having polled less than two-fifths of exurbanization. People and business and to govern itself rather than continually "ex­ jobs move out; the poor are left stranded; the vote in a three-way race, he had no pose" itself to self-flagellation by looking for mandate for the Socialist program he was buildings decay and morale plummets; rev­ Watergates under its beds. In the meantime, enues have difficulty in keeping up with the trying to put into effect. The lower house of however, all those who care to breathe clean Parliament censured him for violating the expensive housekeeping (policing, garbage air are well advised to stay away from Wash­ collection, public transportation, etc.) that country's constitution. His own Marxist sup­ ington. porters intimidated the opposition press, such a densely settled area requires. It would be, at best, a hard time for the citizens bankrupted businessmen with strikes and THE WAR AGAINST THE CITIES plant seizures, organized themselves into and governing authorities of such cities. para-military groups and were conspiring to (By Irving Kristo!) But we have managed-and are manag­ seize total power." It is no longer so fashionable to make large ing-to make things far worse than they To repeat: The CIA's involvement in cov­ preachments about "the urban cris.is"-per­ need be. Indeed, those very people who have ert efforts to thwart this left-wing coup may haps because the federal funds that these been most vociferous about the. urgency of have been unwise. But from a democratic alarming sermons aimed to elicit are obvi­ our "urban crisis" have done much to in­ point of view there was nothing sinister ously not av·ailaible, perhaps because the flame a serious (but probably temporary) about them. Nevertheless, it is a sinister media eventually gets bored with any "crisis" condition into what may yet become a crisis. picture we are being given by various re­ that doesn't move toward a spectacular de­ The people I refer to are the "enlightened," porters who, in private conversations, make nouncement. And precisely because we are urban upper-middle classes who shape pub­ no bones of the fact that their goal is to not so bemused by the rhetoric of "crisis," lic opinion (they are the media, after all) "get" Henry Kissinger. And if, in the course this may be a good time to look at our urban and public policies. It is not too much to say of this noble enterprise, innocent men have condition to reflect on whether things are that, for the past 10 years, they have been to be burned at the stake, the media are getting better or worse, and why. carrying on a war against these older cities, willing to make the sacrifice. Thus, such an It is obvious in retrospect-indeed it was wreaking havoc while preaching salvation. outstanding public servant as Edward Korry, obvious at the time, for those who cared to It is traditional for members of the upper­ our ambassador in Chile until 1971, is con­ see-that not all American cities have a sum middle class to be stodgy, business-like, and sistently referred to as "a Nixon administra­ of problems that constitute anything like unimaginative. One can even say it is socio­ tion official" and "a political appointee"­ a "crisis." Such cities as Dallas, Houston, Sa.n logically "natural" for people with property with no mention being made of the fact that Diego, Tucson, Phoenix, even Los Angeles are and social position to be like that. But, for Mr. Korry is a liberal journalist, who was faring reasonably well, in the sense that their reasons having to do with certain startling originally appointed as ambassador by John citizens seem to prefer to live there rather peculiarities of our modern culture, the up­ F. Kennedy. than to move elsewhere. These cl ties do have per-middle c1ass in such cities as New York, It is less difficult to comprehend Congress' problems, of course-but, then, there is no Philadelphia and Chicago are not like that role in all of this than that of the medla. such thing as a city without problems. What at all. On the contrary, they are flighty and Congress, after all, is a political organism, is certain is that if all our cities had only mercurial, consumers of every in tellectual and it is not astonishing that it is some­ such problems urban America would be mak­ fad that passes their way, capable of believ­ times "political" in the worst sense of the ing no headlines. ing the most absurd fantasies about the term. From the point of view of Democrats in The cities I have mentioned have· one thing world they inhabit, incapable of exercising Congress, there is much to be gained by dis­ in common: They are relatively "new" cities the common sense they presumably were crediting anyone and everyone associated which emergend in res.ponse to the socio-eco­ born with. with a Republican administration. Ordi­ nomic realities of the postwar period, and For instance, in m y own city of New York narily, Congress will also remember that it whose design is weU adapted to these rea.lt­ the upper-middle class is possessed of the shares the responsibility for governing the ties. One can call them "doughnut" cities. opinion that our fair city is being country. But these are no ordinary times in They are really aggregations of suburbs cen­ "strangled" by too many people and too Washington, and Congressmen seem to find it tered on a core which is not an inner city but many automobiles. In view of the fact that more profit able to u se their powers to pre­ merely another suburb with some speclalized the population of New York h as remained vent anyone from governing. The "profit," functions. What happens in central Los An­ stable for 30 years now, while the population of course, takes the form of kudos from the geles is of no great significance to the inhabi­ of Manhattan has actually ("and sharply) de­ media, which cares nothing for government tant.6 of that city, most of whom don't live clined, and in view of the additional fact and thrives on calamity. there, or work there, or· even visit there very that many of our most famous stores and Journalist s today are extremely "idealistic," often. shops are closing down because suburbanites in the same sense that many college stu­ These "new"cities a.re not traumatized by are n :.·t coming to New York to buy things, dents in the '60s were "idealistic": they a middle-class flight to the suburbs, since this notion is ridiculous on its face. But it is are not much interested in money, only in practioally everyone-including the working . widely believed-and, more seriously, is power. And "power," for the media, means class and the poor-already live in suburbs. acted upon. the power to discredit and destroy-it is Nor need they worry about industry and Thus, any effort to establish a business through such successes that they acquire business moving out of the city's center since in New York or attract people to New York visible signs of grace. After Watergate, the they have never been there in the first is resented and resisted. Efforts to build a media are in a sta.te of mind that can only place-at least not to any significant degree. new convention center are stalled because be described as manic. They feverishly seek In short, these cities, being themselves ex­ it would bring "congestion" and "pollu­ new victims, prominent ones if possible, ob­ pressions of that powerful suburban and ex­ tion" into a decaying neighborhood which scure ones if necessary. There is the smell urban impulse which marks the past three is well on its way to becoming a blum. Ef­ of blood in the air and of fire and brim­ decaqes of American history, do not have to forts to locate "luxury housing"-in New stone, too. f·ace the challenge of ad.a.pting p·ainfully to it. York this is the term we apply to unsubsi­ A vice chairman of the National Foundation NOT FOR EVERYBODY dized housing-in run-down areas are for the Arts, a man of considerable wealth Mind you, I don't mean to suggest that fiercely opposed, because they might "dis­ and unquestionable integrity, finds himself these suburban cities are such wonderful rupt the neighborhood." And the idea of February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3479 constructing an interstate highway along acceptable to the upper-middle classes either, sible deregulation of natural gas federal the lower West Side provokes the following who send their children to private schools controls, landed cheaply in the groin area. typical letter to New York magazine, from and who live in "classy" neighborhoods. Yet It came, via the Washington press, in in­ a gentleman whose family has lived in New when this latter fact is pointed out to them, neundo and vague implications that the oil York since 1800: they shrug it off as irrelevant. Modern "ideal­ and gas industry had the brisk young Texan " .. . The whole West Side Highway project ism" has notb ing to do with the old-fash­ under its wing and was paying his campaign horrifies me. It's just an excuse to create more ioned notion of self-denial. It means, rather, bills for "services rendered." land and more real estate [through land­ the forceful imposition of ideals on a recal­ The implication, following the Washing­ fills] , and fill an already overcrowded island citrant reality-your ideals on their reality. ton tactic of the time, was that Krueger was with more trucks, cars, buses, and enormous And if your ideals are "correct," your con­ a freshman nonentity in campaign debt un­ slab buildings." science need never be troubled by trivial ac­ til he started espousing of the deregulation One would never know, from listening to tualities. bill. ~hat this widespread opinion, New York RESOURCES .~ND INCENTIVES But, S'Uddenly, quoth the Washington City has lost 250,000 jobs in the past four press, he became the treasure of the oil and years, and that at this moment it is losing As I have said, even under the best of cir­ cumstances our older cities would be going gas interests which rushed in overnight and jobs at the rate of 20,000 a month; that if erased his campaign deficit. Krueger han­ trucks cannot enter New York, the busi­ through a very difficult period. But many of them have considerable inner resources-geo­ dled that as openly as he has everything else nesses they serve will move elsewhere; that that has characterized his first term. if corporate executives cannot drive quickly graphical, historical, cultural, and human­ and there is no reason to think that they are He inserted into the Feb. 4 Congressional and comfortably into Manhattan, they will Record a complete analysis of the source of move (as they are moving) their corporate necessarily doomed. After all, not all Ameri­ cans want to live in suburbia, and the his contributions. It revealed that the money headquarters out of the city. Somehow, the had come from 11 different classifications, self-evident proposition that New York des­ minority who do prefer urbanity to subur­ banity is quite large enough to sustain such including plain citizens who liked his style perately needs economic growth if it is to sur­ cities as New York or Chicago or Philadel­ and aggressiveness after the first several vive a most difficult period of transition is months in office. ignored. Instead, our upper-middle class phia. (About Detroit or St. Louis, one -is less certain.) There are even many businesses Only 15.24 per cent of it had come from seems to be enchanted by a pastoral vision petroleum sources. of New York-a city full of parks and malls which would find it convenient to be located in a large city, if they were not positively The question is, regardless of percentages, and bicycle paths and "cute" little neighbor­ what is illegal or wrong with individuals of hoods. The working class will, one supposes, discouraged from doing so. But these people and these businesses need the petroleum industry supporting a repre­ be manufacturing objets d'art in the base­ sentative who is openly and assiduously try­ ment workshops. incentives to stay (or to come). They are not getting them, to put it mildly. Instead, the ing to return their business to the traditional A DELICATE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE affiuent classes of our older cities-them­ marketplace and out of federal control? Not that this class is unconcerned with selves weU insulated from adversity-appear Who is following his conviction, his con­ the fate of the poor and the dispossessed. to be in the grip of what can only be called a science and his campaign promise in trying On the contrary: it has a most delicate so­ utopian passion. This consists of a romantic to restore incentive and encourage explora­ cial conscience, and is always figuring out passion for the pastoral, an abstract passion tion in an industry that could shore up an ways to live up to its "social responsibil­ for "social justice," an ideological passion for energy situation hopelessly bogged in federal ities." Unfortunately, each of these schemes a kind of "beautiful clty" that never has fuzziness. An industry that is the lifeblood ends up by making matters worse. existed in this country. And, under the spell of the state he represents. The "Great Society" programs which of this utopian passion, they are waging s. It is strange that his fellow congressmen, emerged from "the urban crisis" of the war against the cities that do exist. It is a now leaking hints of possible hanky-panky 1960s were the dreamchild of this class war they are winning, and their victory repre­ in his campaign contributions, do not employ and they are bankrupting our older cities. sents a serious national loss. the same zeal and indignation in running Practically all of these programs were highly down gifts from organized labor and other "leveraged" in the sense that the city had interests to their favorite congressmen. to put up only 10 % or so of the funds, The leaks of information, or misinforma­ tion, concerning the source of Krueger's con­ with the federal government supplying the KRUEGER DEFENDED rest. This created a lot of jobs and programs tributions point to members of Congress. (in education and health, especially) for rela­ Suggestions such as "You might look into tively little local money. But, as readers of Krueger's campaign contributions, etc." The Wall Street Journal may be presumed The vendetta started in late December HON. DALE MILFORD when Krueger got a momentous 12 to 4 sub­ to know, leverage works both ways. When OF TEXAS times get bad and the city needs to econo­ committee affirmative vote that shook his foes mize, it finds that it has to abolish a lot of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES into the unhappy knowledge that here was a jobs and programs in order to save a small Tuesday, February 17, 1976 rookie quarterback who could handle the ball. amount of money-which is politically im­ It peaked on last Tuesday after the full possible. The result is that New York City Mr. MILFORD. Mr. Speaker, I would House had supported him on a crucial vote, is now borrowing huge amounts cf cash, at like to direct your attention, and that of 230 to 184. On Wednesday, there appeared in fantast ic rates of interest, in order to meet my distinguished colleagues, to an article the House press gallery a pile of anonymous its weekly payroll. To correct this situation, written by an old news hand in my area. "press releases" concerning Krueger's cam­ the city will raise its real estate and local paign contributions. The author-who calls the attack on Just a good, clean old game of Washing­ income taxes (already the highest in the Congressman KRUEGER for what it is-is nation), thereby driving even more busi­ ton karate. nesses, real estate developers, and middle­ Felix R. McKnight. He just retired as It is difficult to determine just how much, class homeowners tnto the suburbs. publisher of the Dallas Times Herald, if any, impact the faceless smear on Krueger School and housing "integration" is an­ and still serves that publication as "con­ had in the sudden reversal of the House late oth er "progressive" idea of our upper-mid­ sultant." Thursday. It sent the Krueger deregulation dle class in New York (and, most notably Far from the :flowery fields of Wash­ forces spinning, 205-201, in one of the closest at this moment, in Boston and Detroit too). ington, McKnight has recognized the House votes in years on a major issue. Prior The motives behind this idea are doubtless to the attack on his campaign contributions, vicious attack by media and old Wash­ Krueger had owned a 46-vote margin. It very noble, but the ideia, itself is ridiculous. ington hands. Why should working-class and middle­ melted under the odorous tactic and inten­ class families, whether white or black, send It is unfortunate that his critics do not sive lobbying by labor and Nader-like con­ their children to schools with slum kids take the same care to examine Mr. sumer groups. who are-as many slum kids, black or white, KRUEGER'S record as he does in research­ It has been a long time since Texas sent up usually are-rough, tough, and delinquent? ing legislative impact. a bare-cheeked congressman like Bob Krueger (There are New York schools where over 10% of Germain-oriented, stiff-momled New The article follows: Braunfels. He is big and tough and intellec­ of the students have previous arrests for KRUEGER VERSUS THE "SYSTEM" felonies.) And why should working-class and tually pure and he ,actually believes that a middle-class fammes move into new apart­ (By Felix R. McKnight) people's mandate is a people's mandate. ment houses or projects where one-third of It took only a few hours for the Washing­ It adds to one thing for a freshman con­ the apartments are reserved by law for wel­ ton "system" to gear up and go for the throat gressman in Washington-you get in deep fare families? of a rookie Texas congressman who had just trouble if you do more than drop to your This kind of "social integration" has never numbed them with a gut punch. knees before senior tacticians or nose into been acceptable to Americans, who work hard The counter-punch from politically honed sacred pastures. so that they can finally move to a "good" House liberals who had just seen Rep. Robert · But Bob Krueger lost the rulebook some­ neighborhood with a "good" school. It ts not C. Krueger take the first step towards pos- where in the corridors of the House of Rep- 3480 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 resentatives and dared to act like his own with diplomatic (DPL) tags that have gone The next time he was called he said: "Don't man, or the man the people sent to Wash­ unpaid during that time. bother to ask us at work here. We have every­ ington in a jarring landslide upset. So, now, No one seems quite comfortable talking thing with the State Department." He hung he is being tarred as a menace, a tool of evil about it. up again. interests. "Oh, my God! Don't start another World Government officials-from the State De­ Only a few weeks ago he was an obscure War!" one top police official hollers into the partment to the D.C. police department­ n ice guy, ignored by the liberal wheels of phone. worry about the way the issue of unpaid Congress who couldn't even spell New Braun­ The tho~ht of publicity about the un­ parking tickets is handled. fels, much less tell you where it was. paid tickets, particularly the Soviets, is If not treated "properly,'' or if the State But in those several weeks. Rep. Krueger enough to throw him into a verbal frenzy. Department should take such action as with­ acted in the interest of his state, his con­ "Maybe you are dealing with an inter­ drawing DPL tags until tickets are paid, for stituency and what he considered to be the national situation," the police official says. instance, it could adversely affect interna­ overall benefit of the country by trying to "It might be embarrassing. Can't you write tional relations, detente with Russia, and re­ steer an American business back to home­ the story without mentioning embassies by lations with other countries. It could even plate-and out of the federal muzzle. name? result in reprisals against American diplo­ "You might find the KGB following you mats abroad. around." They don't like to talk about these unpaid As for the Russians, well, a Soviet spokes­ tickets-State Department officials, the po­ BALANCE D.C. BUDGET-COLLECT man speaking very carefully, very slowly says lice, the DMV, court officials and many em~ ON U.S.S.R. EMBASSY PARKING into the phone: "It . . . is . . . very bassies. TICKETS important . . . not . . . to . . . make They tend to keep a low profile, so low this ... an ... anti-Soviet ... article." that none of them knows exactly how many parking tickets are issued to diplomats at TAKE A LOOK AT LEADERS each embassy. And so low that no one knows HON. LARRY McDONALD precisely how many of them go unpaid at OF GEORGIA Number of Number of Minimum each embassy, or even how many are paid. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Embassy tickets DPL tags owed 1 The facts on unpaid diplomatic parking Tuesday, February 17, 1976 tickets lay buried in sheet upon sheet of com­ puter printouts obtained from District gov­ U.S.S.R______8, 865 140 $44, 325 Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. lsraeL ______2, 539 57 12, 695 ernment agencies by The Star. Speaker, a new source of potential reve­ Peru ______866 25 4, 330 By comparing one agency's computer llst France ______323 72 1, 615 nue for the District of Columbia was just Togo ______containing the names of the embassies and 189 5 945 their DPL tags with another agency's com­ revealed by the Sunday Star on Febru­ Great Britain ______81 125 405 Egypt__ _------16 60 80 puter printout listing tag numbers and park­ ary 15, 1976. In a front page story on ing violations, The Star found the following: unpaid parking tickets by foreign em­ From March 1975 through January 1976, 1 Based on a minimum $5 fine per ticket. Some parking bassies, it was revealed that the gold tickets cost as much as $25. approximately 3,675 DPL license plates were medal winner was the U.S.S.R. with issued to diplomatic cars here. The total 8,865 parking violations accumulated in State Department officials say that foreign number of parking tickets issued to those the last 7 months, the silver medalist was diplomats here should pay fines on parking tags is not known, but there are 27,966 which the Embassy of Israel with 2,539 tickets violations promptly, regardless of their im­ have not been paid, an average of eight munity from arrest or detention. After all, tickets per car. and the bronze was awarded to Peru for U.S. representatives stationed abroad are ex­ At ·a minimum of $5 a ticket, the total 866 ticl{ets. Perhaps Mayor Washington pected by the department to pay theirs, they comes to $139,830 in unpaid parking tickets. can negotiate his own SALT-Settle All say. Of that number, 8,865 unpaid parking Late Tickets-agreement with the Soviet But if foreign diplomats don't pay here, tickets belong to the Soviets, the No. 1 scof­ and other embassies concerned and thus "under no circumstances will they be ar­ flaw among embassies here. And one of Rus­ have a new source of revenue. It sure rested or detained,'' says the State Depart­ sia's 140 cars with DPL tags, DPL 3113, has would be more popular than the commu­ ment. They are protected by diplomatic im­ 167 tickets to its credit-the highest number ter tax he keeps talking about. munity. But it's actually left up to the of unpaid parking tickets of any diplomatic individual embassy whether diplomats pay. vehicle. On a more serious note, I feel this situ­ Some Embassies, like the British Embassy, Second in the ratings is the Embassy of ation is scandalous when you consider have an ambassador who has an "iron rule" Israel with 2,539 unpaid parking tickets and that the Embassy of Great Britain having that members of his staff pay parking tickets. 57 DPL tags. 125 cars with diplomatic tags, 15 less than If they don't the ambassador wants to know And No. 3, the Embassy of Peru, has 866 the U.S.S.R. had only 81 tickets. In con­ why. unpaid parking tickets and 25 DPL tags. trast, the U.S.S.R. with its fleet of 140 "It is handled as an internal disciplinary The Soviets have accumulated so many cars had 108 times more tickets than matter," said press secretary Merrick Baker­ tickets, according to an embassy spokesman It Bates, who seemed surprised to learn that because "we do not have parking lots nea; Great Britain. is obvious the contempt the embassy has 81 unpaid parking tickets. the embassy." The Soviet Embassy and the with which the U.S.S.R. regards our Unlike most embassies which only have State Department "have an agreement," they country and its laws. The State Depart­ two, three or four reserved parking spaces in both say, that the Soviets have the right to ment should do something other than front of the embassy, the British Embassy park illegally within a two-block area of the wring its hands. If some of the more has reserved parking for every member of embassy on 16th Street between L and M brazen offenders found those lovely its staff who has DPL tags. At the embassy, streets NW because of a lack of parking facll­ "boots" attached to their cars, the num­ the diplomats park on the grounds in a lot iti~s-but nowhere else i:q. the city. which has 1660 reserved spaces. The same privileges are given to Ameri­ ber of violations would probably dip very The State Department says some embas­ can diplomats in Moscow,'' said the Soviet sharply. The item from the Star follows sies not only require that their diplomats Embassy spokesman. "They also have the for the edification of my colleagues: pay a parking fine out of their own pockets right to park in places where there is no [From the Washington Star, Feb. 15, 1976] but also contribute an identical sum to a parking. That is why we don't consider it a WHY DON'T DIPLOMATS PAY TICKETS? charity designated by the embassy either in parking violation here-there are no parking (By Mary Ann Kuhn) the home country or in this country. spaces near the embassy. We only have re­ Whether diplomats should pay is, accord­ served parking for two diplomatic cars." It makes the U.S. Department of State ing to a Soviet Embassy spokesman, "not a The Embassy of Israel says it has received cringe, the D.C. Department of Motor Ve­ matter decided by the emotions of citizens. so many tickets-2,539-because there are 20 hicles squirm, the Washington Metropolitan "It is a matter decided by international to 30 other embassies or diplomatic missions Police Department call on the Almighty. agreement. And I don't think it would be within a 300-yard radius of its embassy at It ls what they call a Delioote Situation­ good for the press to raise this matter. It 1621 22nd St. NW, and not enough available the matter of unpaid parking tickets charged is not a matter decided by one country. It legal spaces to park. to forelgn diplomats in Washington. Per­ will only complicate the matter." "Our Embassy was allotted only three re­ haps it is worse than that because the Soviets The Embassy of Togo seems to agree, but served diplomatic parking spaces. Three. One. are the super scofflaws among Washington's not with as much diplomacy. A top diplomat Two. Three,'' said Avi Pazner, the Israelt 126 embassies and three legations. there twice hung up on a reporter who was Embassy spokesman. The Soviet Embassy here has 8,865 unpaid asking him information about the number "We want to observe rules in the country parking tickets from the last 11 months. of embassy parking spaces and DPL cars. where we are guests,'' he said. "It simply That's 6,000 more unpaid tickets than any "There is no sense in all this thing,'' he seems to be a mission impossible." other embassy here. It is also nearly one­ said. "I don't want to answer these ques­ But the spokesman seemed cheered by the third of the total 27,966 tickets issued to cars tions." He hung up. thought that the Soviets had more parking February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3481 tickets than the Israelis. "We are much bet­ committed by members of the diplomatic Hungary ------­ 56 ter than the Soviets-four times less than coros and their staffs. 55 the Soviets." "The department reiterates its position on Denmark ------­ Ghana ------­ 55 The diplomat here with more unpaid that. Members of diplomatic missions should 53 tickets than any other DPL tag owner is Lesotho ------­ operate their automobiles in accordance with Belgium ------51 Zinon D. Kizyun, 33, a third secretary at the local traffic laws and regulations. In this con­ Nicaragua------61 Soviet Embassy. He has 167 unpaid parking nection, U.S. representatives stationed 60 tickets, three more than two other colleagues Portugal ------­ abroad are expected by the department to Barbados------49 at the same embassy. pay charges resulting from parking viola­ Guatemala. ------49 Kizyun was asked about his unpaid tickets tions. 48 one night recently as he walked from the Paraguay ------"It is the department's position that for_. Sierra Leone------48 embassy to his pea soup-colored Plymouth eign official representatives posted to the U.S. Duster, which was illegally parked-and Venezuela ------­ 47 should do the same, regardless of their im­ 44 ticketed-a few feet from a "No Parking munity from arrest or detention. Bahamas ------­ Anytime" sign. Kuwait------,------43 Even though the D.C. goverment has com­ 43 "Tickets? Parking tickets? You said 167?" puter printouts at its fingertips, one with Somalia ------­ He seemed surprised, almost shocked. He embassy names and tag numbers and another Yemen ------43 looked up in the air and thought for a mo­ with the viarious violations issued to those Bangladesh ------41 ment. "No, I think maybe 500. I get two a. tags, neither the District nor the State De·­ Indonesia ------­ 41 40 day here. Doesn't that figure out to 500 partment has put the two togeher to get an DominicanBurma ------Republic ______tickets a year?" accurate count of the ticket.s issued to each 40 Kizyun stood under the street light, his car embassy and to each diplomat. Lebanon ------­ 40 keys in one hand, a copy of the newspaper Colombia ------38 Diplomats' unpaid parking tickets (Embassy 37 Pravda in the other, an astrakhan on his or organization, number of unpaid tickets) Uganda ------head, looking somewhat pleased that for Chile ------36 that day, he had gotten only one ticket on U.S.S.R. ------8, 865 Gabon ------34 his windshield. Israel ------2,539 Switzerland ------­ 34 "Uusually I get two. Evidently the police Peru ------866 Mauritania ------33 officer is on leave." Brazil ------560 Central African Republic ______31 He complained that "police put tickets on Nigeria ------438 New Zealand------31 all our cars and don't leave them on Ameri­ OAS ------359 Jamaica ------­ 30 can cars" in that area. Iran ------3.53 Finland ------­ 29 He said he has never paid any of his park­ Argentina. ------332 Madagascar------South Vietnam ______29 ing tickets. France ------323 Upper Volta ______28 "We have diplomatic immunity. Nobody India ------281 28 pays in Moscow," he said, referring to Ameri­ Tunisia ------272 Tanzania ------25 can diplomats in the Soviet Union. "I be­ Italy ------266 Malta ------­ 24 lieve it's mutual." Sudan ------253 Trinidad & Tobago______245 Turkey ------23 Also, he said, because of the difficulty in Oman ------­ 21 Malaysia ------231 finding a parking place near the chancery, Saudi Arabia______225 Austria ------21 "the policy of the embassy is if we get tick­ 20 China (Taiwan)------213 Algeria ------­ -ets in these two blocks we may disregard ElDahomey Salvador ------______19 them. But, if we get some elsewhere, in a. Jordan ------199 19 Uruguay ------192 shopping area, like on F Street, the policy Togo______189 Hondur.as ------­ 18 is the ticket must be paid." Rwanda ------­ 18 Ecuador ------184 As he was unlocking the door to his car, Syria ------18 he was asked what he does with all his Bolivia ------176 Burundi ------17 tickets. Ethiopia ------174 Laos ------17 "I just collect them," he said before driv­ Romania ------166 Luxembourg ------Czechoslovakia ------164 17 ing a.way. Malawi ------17 The whole business of ticketing diplomatic Senegal ------148 Khmer Rep. (Cambodia)------16 -cars is a vicious circle. Guinea ------145 Zaire ------139 16 The police department feels it has a duty 16 to ticket illegally parked cars--diplomatic or Poland ------136 :~~!dCommission -:::::======:::: of not. So police ticket the cars and send re­ Morocco ------131 European Communities Zambia ------130 Sri Lanka______------16 ports of unpaid tickets to the Central Viola­ 15 tions Bureau, an arm of D.C. Superior Court. Philippines ------122 ------The bureau in turn sends the list of un­ Greece ------120 14 paid diplomatic tickets to the State Depart­ Germany (West)------120 13 ~~;=~~r;-======ermany (East)------12 ment, which claims it doesn't "have the Spain ------119 Swaziland ------staff" to pore through the 2 Y2-inch thick Japan ------116 China Liaison Office 10 computer printout of unpaid tickets. The list Thailand ------106 G (People's RepubLic)------8 -apparently just sits there. Libya ------103 uyana ------So why do the police bother starting this Mexico ------99 Pan American Union 8 Ivory Coast______96 7 ·Chain of non-events by ticketing illegally Ireland _____-:______===:::::::::=== parked diplomatic cars in the first place? Korea (South)------96 5 Latvia --=------4 "You can't look at it that way," says Dep­ Australia ------92 Niger uty Chief Ernest J. Prete, head of traffic en- Liberia ------~------89 4 1"orcement for the city. "We can't ignore it. Cameroon ------87 We have a responsibility to enforce the law Canada ------84 Total ------23,050 .regardless of the support units. If the courts Mali ------84 A spokesman for the State Department said ·don't do it and the State Department doesn't, Mauritius ------84 the printouts were "unmanageable." He said it doesn't mean we will lay down, turn our Kenya ------83 that next month, before the new tag year Yugoslavia ------83 backs to it. Great Britain______81 begins, he plans to ask for a "more manage­ "The diplomat is immune from arrest. He Costa Rica ______.______76 able" one so we can eaiSily analyze it. is not immune from paying the ticket. The "Then we would be able to establish several vehicle is not immune from abiding by the Cyprus ------76 things-which embassy received the most regulations. Diplomats still have no right to Qatar ------76 tickets and whether they were acquired in park in violation and abuse the parking regu­ Sweden ------75 official business or otherwise. lations." Norway ------73 "We would get in touch with the foreign Every so often, the State Department sends United Arab Emirates______66 embassy and ask that remedial action be a note to the embassies reminding them of Netherlands ------63 taken. I think it is useful and helpful to ·department policy toward parking tickets Afghanistan ------63 remind them from time to time." issued to diplomats. Bulgaria ------~------62 To that, Chief Judge Harold H. Greene One such letter from the secretary of state Panama ------61 of Superior Court says: went out to the embassies on Dec. 10. It said South Africa______61 "If the State Department says it would 1n part: Chad ------58 like a more manageable printout, we will do "The department 1s concerned over the Hwiti------58 everything in our power, together with the Pakistan ------57 Department of Motor Vehicles, to give them 3482 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 a more manageable printout. We would like THE BICENTENNIAL BITE: HOW TO I tell you, this power play by the Big some action to be taken. The State Depart­ COMPARE APPLES AND ORANGES Apple interests is rotten to the core. ment never asked for a more manageable Who, among the great orators in this printout. House, ever speaks in apple-shaped "Diplomatic immunity serves a useful pur­ pose and should be respected. We wouldn't HON. RICHARD KELLY tones? Who would feel comfortable with want our diplomats arrested on trumped up OF FLORIDA apples jubilee? Could anyone be so un­ charges such as bribery or corruption. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aware of our heritage as to ask Billy Boy "But, when diplomats collect hundreds or if she can bake an apple pie? Would dozens of tickets and inconvenience those in Tuesday, February 17, 1976 many be so untraditional as to set a the community, the State Department should Mr. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, it is with Thanksgiving table without cranberry be expected to make use of whatever chan­ reluctance I oppose and expose a plot sauce? nels it has to eliminate or reduce these among four very respected Members of A popular variety of orange is the practices. this House--Mr. RoBINSON of Virginia, Parson Brown, Mr. Speaker. It is sweet "At a minimum, an embassy should receive to the palate and refreshing to the soul. a list of parking tickets so it can be ad­ Mr. McCORMACK of Washington, Mr. vised about the violations." GoonLING of Pennsylvania, and Mr. Now, I ask you, what is more American Unlike Washington, New York City issues SYMMS of Idaho. Apples are grown in than the name Parson Brown? Or just au official report which goes to the United their States. roll the word Valencia off your tongue. Nations on how many parking tickets each And these men are out to upset our It makes you feel majestic to say it. It country receives there each year. applecarts. Their recent actions show is an orange. Winesap is harsh to the In New York's report of the 20 most they want the whole bite of the apple ear. It is an apple. ticketed cars released earlier this month, for their constituents. They are part of Our orange blossom is the symbol of Uganda emerged as the chief diplomatic the Big Apple cartel. newly wed bliss. All the Big Apples have scofllaw with more than 1,700 ignored tickets They have introduced a resolution to offer is a song, "Don't Sit Under the on the three most ticketed cars, followed by naming the apple The Official Bicenten­ Apple Tree With Anyone Else But Me," Yugoslavia with 484 and Saudi Arabia with which is a wartime plea for fidelity. Are 480. nial Fruit and will ask this House to ap­ The Soviets had a car in eighth place with prove it. Their motives are exclusionary they trying to lead this Nation further 422 tickets and another in 10th place· with and certainly contrary to the spirit of down the road of permissiveness? Surely 411. the Revolution. all of us recall what Eve started with the The D.C. government's computer printouts, They trample on the customs of this apple. in addition to listing DPL tags, also list an venerable House, Mr. Speaker. They True the apple has wormed its way additional 1,275 cars with WN license plates count apples and forget to tell us apples into our folklore-things tend to be in which have 1,416 unpaid parking tickets. cannot be compared with oranges. I am apple pie order and as American as apple Like DPL tags, WN's also get diplomatic here to say very little can compare with pie. immunity. WN tags belong to administrative oranges. But the apple has had good public rela­ or technical persons who work in the embas­ tions since the days of Johnny Apple­ sies but are not diplomats. But they are pushing. Hasty passage of this .resolution will have ramifications seed. They want you to forget one rotten Usually they are citizens of the country apple spoils the barrel. their embassy represents. The State Depart­ that could lead to dislocation in our ag­ ment said it didn't know what WN stood for ricultural communities, perhaps cause And it may be true an apple a day and it would take some time to research the wide unemployment. I am dismayed that keeps the doctor away. But have you question. four so responsible Members would tam­ ever heard of anyone sufiering the green While the D.C. printouts list 27,966 unpaid per with the free market in this fashion. apricot trots? Only apples can do that diplomatic parking tickets for the last 11 It is Big Government at work again. for you. months, all but 4,461 were matched with To officially make the munching of an They keep quiet what Herman Melville embassies. apple an act of patriotism is serious busi­ said in his masterwork, Mo by Dick: The computer printout lacked sufficient in­ ness. "Hell is an idea first born on an undi­ formation to identify which embassy the It will change our American way of gested apple dumpling." owners of these 4,461 DPL tags belonged to. life, Mr. Speaker. They are meddling. Rather than give us full disclosure, In a number of other cases, there were They could have all Hawaii's pineapple they lull us with endearments: "apple of DPL tags which received tickets during that growers on the dole. my eye" and "sweeter than apple cider." time but changed hands so that identity of Let me tell you something about com­ the tag owner was impossible to pin down. Things would no longer be peaches and cream in Georgia. paring oranges and apples: The 1974 The diplomat parking problem may wind apple harvest has been reported at 134 up solving itself, or at least partially so. The They might even try to declare life is State Department said that work will begin ~othing but a bowl of apples. million bushels from all apple-growing in the late summer for an International These comments are not sour grapes, States; in Florida alone, this year's har­ Chancery site on Connecticut Avenue near my fell ow Members of california and vest will be the equivalent of 275 million the Van Ness shopping area which will be New York, but recognition of a clear and bushels of oranges and 80 million of the location of 14 embassy offices and will present danger. Their plotting is going grapefruit. We have 850,000 acres in cit­ provide parking for those employes. to get us into a jam, a pickle. rus cultivation, an area roughly the size As for the Soviets, plans are under way for These men imply apples were the first of the State of Delaware. a new embassy site on Wisconsin Avenue fruit brought to these shores. They claim Orange juice is recognized across the which will also provide spaces for off-street America and apples are synonymous and Nation as a pleasant way to start the day. parking. that apples are the most popular and Grapefruit is a key element in many The whole issue of parking tickets and dip­ widely grown fruit in the United States. weight-reducing diets. Citrus products lomatic immunity drives the assistant direc­ All of that is so much applesauce. ar~ used in the manufacture of medicine, tor of transpor.tation for DMV "bananas." They ignore Columbus, who planted perfume, confections, and liqueurs. Pulp "I'm tired of fighting it," said Joseph P. oranges in the.New World in 1493. It had is an essential in some cattlefeeds. Murphy. "I suppose our people (diplomats) to be the first thing he did after unpack­ I sincerely hope my well-intended re­ do the same thing (abroad). That's what they ing on his second trip. They forget or­ marks do not earn me the reputation tell us. anges were under cultivation at St. of being antiapple. I extend the olive "It's a big issue . . . when you are dealing Augustine, in Florida, in 1597. branch. The apple is a noble fruit. I like with an edgy problem of international rela­ it. I have them in my home. They are tions. This is an international thing, not a They may not know the year 1776 was among the good things in life. They were local thing. This is strictly a matter of the in­ an important one for oranges. Citrus his­ of great importance in the settlement of ternational community. torians tell us the first commercial ship­ this country. But just as the Nation had "It's not a parochial thing in the sense our ments were made from Florida in that many Founding Fathers, it had many local outrage satisfies the need to do some­ year. And Count Odet Philippe, of Safety founding fruits. thing. Local outrage long ago would have Harbor, in my district, began the culti­ But_these men have shown they don't solved the problem." vation of grapefruit about 1830. care a fig for the res_t of us. As sure as February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3483

God made little green apples, the spon­ 1. He was 65 or older before the date of the Drugs and medicines sale, and sors of this resolution are about to offend Included in medical expenses (subject to the spirit that made America what it is 2. He owned and occupied the property as his personal residence for a period totaling at 3 % rule) but only to the extent exceeding today. 1 % of adjusted gross income (line 15, Form least 5 years within the ·a-year period end­ 1040). More fitting, Mr. Speaker, would be a ing on the date of the sale. resolution declaring the fruit salad our Taxpayers meeting these two requirements Other medical expenses Bicentennial appetizer. It would encour­ may elect to exclude the entire gain from Other allowable medical and dental ex­ age dietary patriotism, in the interest of gross income if the adjusted sales price of pense (subject to 3% limitation): national unity, while avoiding potential their residence is $20,000 or less. (This elec­ Abdominal supports (prescribed by a widespread agricultural unemployment. tion can only be made once during a tax­ doctor). I believe this discourse has gone to the payer's lifetime.) If the adjusted sales price Acupuncture services. meat of the coconut. Let us do not buy exceeds $20,000, an election may be made to Ambulance hire. exclude part of the gain based on a ratio of Anesthetist. a lemon. Let us preserve ourselves. Let $20,000 over the adjusted sales price of the Arch supports (prescribed by a doctor). us remember how our gardens grow. residence. Form 2119 (Sale or Exchange of Artificial limbs and teeth. Personal Residence) is helpful in determin­ Back supports (prescribed by a doctor). ing what gain, if any, may be excluded by an Braces. elderly taxpayer when he sells his home. Capital expenditures for medical purposes Additionally, a taxpayer may elect to defer (e.g .. elevator for persons with a heart ail­ SENIOR CITIZENS' TAX DEDUCTION reporting the gain on the sale of his personal ment )-deductible to the extent that the CHECKLIST residence if within 18 months before or 18 cost of the capital expenditure exceeds the months after the sale he buys and occupies increase in value to your home because of the another residence, the cost of which equals capital expenditure. Taxpayer should have HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO or exceeds the adjusted sales price of the an independent appraisal made to reflect OF CALIFORNIA old residence. Additional time is allowed if clearly the increase in value. Cardiographs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (1) you construct the new residence or (2) you were on active duty in the U.S. Armed Chiropodist. Tuesday, February 17, 1976 Forces. Publication 523 (Tax Information Chiropractor. on Selling Your Home) may also be helpful. Christian Science practitioner, authorized. Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, Retirement Income Oredit.-To qualify for Convalescent home (for medical treat- every year thousands of elderly citizens the retirement income credit, you must (a) ment only). needlessly overpay their Federal income by a U.S. citizen or resident, (b) have re­ Crutches. taxes. One reason is that many people ceived earned income in excess of $600 in Dental services (e.g., cleaning, X-ray, fill- are not aware of the special deductions each of any 10 calendar years before 1975, ing teeth). which this body has provided and which and ( c) have certain types of qualifying Dentures. apply particularly to senior citizens. For "retirement income." Five types of income-­ Dermatologist. pensions, annuities, interest, and dividends Eyeglasses. example, taxpayers over the age of 65 included on line 15, Form 1040, and gross Food or beverages specially prescribed by a are entitled to an additional $750 deduc­ rents from Schedule E, Part II, column (b)­ physician (for treatment of illness, and in ad­ tion. They also are entitled to deduct qualify for the retirement income credit. dition to, not as substitute for, regular diet; much of the gain from the sale of their The credit is 15% of the lesser of: physician's statement needed). home. In addition, there are dozens of 1. A taxpayer's qualifying retirement in­ Gynecologist. exemptions which are available to all come, or Hearing aids and batteries. taxpayers but which may be overlooked 2. $1,524 ($2,286 for a joint return where Home Health services. at the time of filing. both taxpayers are 65 or older) minus the Hospital expenses. total of nontaxable pensions (such as So­ Insulin treatment. In order that people may have a handy cial Security benefits or Railroad Retirement Invalid chair. checklist for determining these deduc­ annuities) and earned income (depending Lab tests. tions, I include the following material in upon the taxpayer's age and the amount of Lip reading lessons (designed to overcome the RECORD: any earnings he may have). a handicap) . BASIC FILING LIMITS If the taxpayer is under 62, the $1,524 Neurologist. figure is reduced by the amount of earned Nursing services (for medical care, includ- Required to file a income in excess of $900. For persons at ing nurse's board paid by you). tax return if least 62 years old but less than 72, this Occupational therapist. gross income is amount is reduced by one-half of the earned Ophthalmologist. Filing status: at least- income in excess of $1,200 up to $1, 700, plus Optician. Single (age 65 or older)------$3, 100 the total amount over $1,700. Persons 72 and Optometrist. Qualifying widow(er) 65 or older over are not subject to the earned income Oral surgery. with dependent child______3, 400 limitation. Osteopath, licensed. Married couple ( 1 spouse 65 years or Schedule R is used for taxpayers who claim Pediatrician. older) filing jointly______4, 150 the retirement income credit. Physical examinations. Married couple (both spouses 65 or The Internal Revenue Service will also Physician. older) filing jointly______4, 900 compute the retirement income credit for Physical therapist. Married filing separately______750 a taxpayer if he has requested that IRS com­ Podiatrist. Additional Personal Exemption for Age.­ pute his tax, he answers the questions for Psychiatrist. Besides the regular $750 exemption allowed columns A and B, and he completes lines Psychoanalyst. a taxpayer, a husband and wife who are 65 2 and 5 on Schedule R--relating to the Psychologist. amount of his Social Security benefits, Rail­ Psychotherapy. or older on the last day of the taxable year Radium therapy. are each entitled to an additional exemption road Retirement annuities, earned income, of $750 because of age. and qualifying retirement income (pensions, Sacroiliac belt (presented by a doctor). annuities, interest, dividends, and rents). Seeing-eye dog and maintenance. You are considered 65 on the day before Speech therapist. your 65th birthday. Thus, if your 65th birth­ The taxpayer should also write "RIC" on day is on January 1, 1976, you will be en­ line 17, Form 1040. Splints. Supplementary medical insurance (Part B) titled to the additional $750 personal exemp­ Medical and dental expenses under Medicare. tion because of age for your 1975 Federal Medical and dental expenses (unreim­ income tax return. Surgeon. bursed by insurance or otherwise) are de­ Telephone/ teletype special communica­ Tax Credit for Personal Exemptions .-In ductible to the extent that they exceed 3% tions equipment for the deaf. addition to the $750 personal exemption, a of a taxpayer's adjusted gross income (line Transportation expenses for medical pur­ tax credit of $30 ls available for a taxpayer, 15, Form 1040). spouse, and each dependent. No additional poses ( 7 ¢ per mile plus parking and tolls or Insurance premiums actual fares for taxi, buses, etc.). $30 credit is available, however, because of Vaccines. age or blindness. One-half of medical, hospital or health in­ Vitamins prescribed. by a doctor (but not Sale of Personal Residence by Elderly Tax­ surance premiums are deductible (up to taken as a food supplement or to preserve payers.-A taxpayer may elect to exclude $150) without regard to the 3 % limitation general health) . from gross income part, or, under certain for other medical expenses. The remainder of Wheelchairs. circumstances, all of the gain from the sale these premiums can be deducted, but is sub­ Whirlpool baths for medical purposes. of his personal residence, provided: ject to the 3 % rule. X-rays. 3484 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976

Taxes paid balances for all 12 months, divided by ployer to maintain your position or for main­ Real estate. 12) or (2) the portion of the total fee or taining or sharpening your skills for your State and local gasoline. service charge allocable to the year. employment. General sales. Ca:malty or theft losses Political Campaign Contributions.-Tax­ State and local income. payers may now claim either a deduction Casualty (e.g., tornado, fiood, storm, fire, (line 33, Schedule A, Form 1040) or a credit Personal .Pro.Perty. or auto accident provided not caused by a If (line 51, Form 1040), for campaign contribu­ sales tax tables are used in arriving at willful act or willful negligence) or theft your deduction, you may add to the amount losses to nonbusiness property-the amount tions to an individual who is a candidate shown in the tax tables only the sales tax of your casualty loss deduction is generally for nomination or election to any Federal, paid on the purchase of five classes of items: the lesser of ( 1) the decrease in fatr mairket State, or local office in any primary, generaJ automobiles, airplanes, boats, mobile homes, value of the property as a result of the casu­ or special election. The deduction or credit and materials used to build a new home alty, or (2) your adjusted basis in the prop­ is also applicable for any ( 1) committee sup­ when you are your own contractor. erty. This amount must be further reduced porting a candidate for Federal, State, or When using the sales tax tables, add to by any insurance or other recovery, and, in local elective public office, (2) national com .. your adjusted gross income any nontaxable the case of property held fOT personal use, mittee of a national political party, (3) State income (e.g., Social Security, Veterans' pen­ by the $100 limitation. You may use Form committee of a national political party, or sion or compensation payments, Railroad Re­ 4684 for computing your personal casualty (4) local committee of a national political tirement annuities, workmen's compensation, loss. party. The maximum deduction is $100 ($200 untaxed portion of long-term capital gains, for couples filing jointly). The amount of the recovery of pension costs, dividends exclu­ Child and Disabled Dependent Care Expenses tax credit is one-half of the political contri­ sion, interest on municipal bonds, unem­ A taxpayer who maintains a household bution, with a $25 ceiling ($50 for couples ployment compensation and public assist­ may claim a deduction for employment-re­ filing jointly). ance payments). lated expenses incurred in obtaining care for Contributions a (1) dependent who is under 15, (2) physi­ cally or mentally disabled dependent, or (3) In general, contributions may be deducted disabled spouse. The maximum allowable up to 50 percent of your adjusted gross in­ deduction is $400 a month ($4,800 a year). As GOING IT ALONE: TAIPEI IS READY come (line 15, Form 1040). However, con­ a general rule, e·mployment-related expenses TO CARRY ON WITHOUT U.S. tributions to certain private nonprofit foun­ are deductible only if incurred for services SUPPORT dations, veterans organizations, or fraternal for a qualifying individual in the taxpay­ societies are limited to 20 % of adjusted gross er's household. However, an exception exists income. for child care expenses (as distinguished from HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI Cash contributions to qualified organiza­ a disabled dependent or a disabled spouse). OF ILLINOIS tions for ( 1) religious, charitable, scientific, In this case, expenses outside the household IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES literary or educational purposes, (2) preven­ (e.g., day care expenditures) are deductible, tion of cruelty to children or animals, or (3) but the maximum deduction is $200 per Tuesday, February 17, 1976 Federal, State or local governmental units month for one child, $300 per month for (tuition for children attending parochial Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the in­ two children, and $400 per month for three stability of the Communist regime in schools is not deductible). Fair market value or more children. for property (e.g., clothing, books, equip­ When a taxpayer's ad.justed gross income China as lately manifested by the nam­ ment, furniture) for charitable purposes. (line 15, Form 1040) exceeds $18,000, the ing of Hua Kuo-feng as temporary (For gifts of appreciated property, special deduction is reduced by $1 for each $2 of Premier and the attacks on Teng Hsiao­ rules apply. Contact local IRS office.) income above this amount. For further in­ ping are in stark contrast to the stability Travel expenses (actual or 7c per mile plus formation about child and dependent care of succession in the Republic of China. parking and tolls) for charitable purposes deducti'Ons, see Publication 503, Child Care (may not deduct insurance or depreciation Premier Chiang Ching-kuo has the and Disabled Dependent Care, available free confidence and respect of all the citizens in el ther case) . at Internal Revenue offices. Cost and upkeep of uniforms used in chari­ of China. He continues to pursue the table activities (e.g. scoutmaster). Miscellaneous course of self-reliance charted in the Purchase of goods or tickets from charita­ Alimony and separaite maintenance (pe­ last few years. Economically the prog­ ble organizations (excess of amount paid riodic payments) . ress and growth of the island nation has over the fair market value of the goods or Appraisal fees for casualty loss or to de­ services). termine the fair market value of charitable been fantastic. They have managed to Out-of-pocket expenses (e.g., postage, sta­ contributions. reduce prices during these years of in­ tionery, phone calls) while rendering serv­ Union dues. ftation while sustaining a growth rate of ices for charitable organizations. Cost of preparation of income tax return. about 9 percent a year. Despite the Care of unrelated student in taxpayer's Cost of tools for employee (depreciated changing Political situation regarding home under a written agreement with a over the useful life of the tools) . official recognition, the foreign business qualifying organization (deduction is limited Dues for Chamber of Commerce (if a.s a community shows no tendency to reduce to $50 per month). business expense) . their involvement and in fact some com­ Interest Rental cost of a safe-deposit box for in- panies are planning large investments in Home mortgage. come-producing property. Auto loan. Fees paid to investment counselors. the near future. In addition under Installment purchases (television, washer, Subscriptions to business publications. Premier Chiang a diversiftcation of in­ dry&, etc.). Telephone and postage in connection with dustry is taking place. Bank credit card--c.an deduct the finance investments. On Friday, February 6, 1976, an article charges as interest if no part is for service Uniforms required for employment and not in the Wall Street Journal detailed the charges, loan fees, or credit investigation generally wearable off the job. evolution of the Republic of China. The fees, or similar charges. Maintenance of uniforms required for em­ stability and success of our loyal ally Points-deductible as interest by buyer ployment. where financing agreement provides that Special safety apparel (e.g., steel toe safety deserve not only our respect but our they are to be paid foll" use of lender's money. shoes or helmets worn by construction work­ continued support. Not deductible if points represent charges ers; special masks worn by welders). I ask that the article appear at this for services rendered by the lending institu­ Business entertainment expenses. point: tion (e.g., VA loan points are service charges Business gift expenses not exceeding $25 [From The Wall Street Journal, Feb. 6, 1976) and are not deductible as interest). Not per recipient. Employment agency fees under certain cir­ lF THE UNrrED STATES DROPS SUPPORT, TAIWAN deductible if paid by seller (are treated as WILL CARRY ON UNDER CHIANG'S SON selling expenses and represent a reduction cumstances. of amount realized). Cost of a periodic physical examination if (By William D. Hartley) Penalty for prepayment of a. mortgage­ required by employer. SUNG SHAN TSEN, TAIWAN.-On an infor­ deductible as interest. Cost of installation and maintenance of mal visit to this hamlet, Premier Chiang Revolving charge ·accounts-may deduct a telephone required by the taxpayer's em­ Ching-kuo sits in a tea shop, sipping oolong the "finance charge" if the charges are based ployment (deduction based on business use). tea from a tiny cup. on your unpaid balance and computed Cost of bond if required for employment. He chats with passersby about their win­ monthly. Expenses of an office in your home if em­ ter crops, and some rush up to pose for snap­ Other charge accounts for installment pur­ ployment requires it. shots with him. Many invite the premier to chases-may deduct the lesser of ( 1) 6 % of Payments made by a teacher to a substi­ stop by their homes for more tea. the average monthly bal,ance (average tute. "All the people support Premier Chiang," monthly balance equals the total of the un- Educational expenses required by your em- says Ouyang Kwang-an, the owner of the February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3485 shop as he observes the scene. "We consider Taiwan nonetheless believes it has a schedule. Only 2,500 U.S. "caretaker" mili­ the government is our own now." breather of at least a year, for it is con­ tary men remain on Taiwan. Citizens of this island 100 miles from the vinced President Ford wouldn't recognize American military analysts generally be­ Chinese mainland clearly warm up to Pre­ the People's Republic in an election year. lieve it is unlikely Pekiing would attempt a mier Chiang more than they ever could to Meantime, Taiwan is busily trying to infiu­ Inilitary take-over because that could de­ his domineering father, President Chiang ence American opinion against the change. nude its forces on the Soviet frontier 8ID.d Kai-shek, who died last April. The Chinese here feel they can build up sup­ wreck relations with the West. "Chiang Kai-shek was the head of the fam­ port in the U.S. Congress, and Preinier What does worry the Americans and per­ ily, sort of a stern father-figure," says one Chiang is seeing more American journalists haps the Chinese here as well is the possibil­ Chinese youth, while the younger Chiang "is lately to get his views across. ity of the People's Republic blockading the more like a jovial uncle." "We see this relationship is in jeopardy, island ·and st&rving it of needed fuel and in­ Indeed, with his frequent, unannounced and we are trying to salvage it," a top gov­ dustrial raw materials. Red China has a trips to the countryside, Premier Chiang at ernment official says here. "There is some large force of 60 submarines, while Taiwan 65 is emerging from the overpowering shadow room for us to maneuver. You are a demo­ has a. limited anti-submarine ability. But of his father and creating something of hls cratic country, and it isn't the President and any blockade attempt, one observer says, own personality cult. the Secretary of State alone who formulate would probaibly come only when the Peo­ He wasn't always looked upon so kindly policy." ple's Republic "isn't interested in friendly here. In the days after China fell to the Mainly, the Chinese argue that it would relations with the West." Communists in 1949, and nationalists be unfeeling of the U.S. to dump an old ally, Taiwan long ago gave up the idea. of at­ streamed here from the mainland, he was go back on its word on defense and give up tacking the ma.inland and nowadays talks feared by many for his role in the repressive Inilitary base rights in Asia. If the U.S. does mostly of political action. Premier Ohiang internal security on Taiwan. Friction ran pull out, few here doubt the country's ability says Taiwan "shall take advantage of ea.ch high then between native Taiwanese and the to survive, at least short of an unlikely mas­ and every favorable situation." newcomers from the mainland, including the sive attack by Peking. But Premier Chia.ng gives every impres­ nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek. Taiwan has survived one shock after an­ sion of being far more concerned about the But today the 14 million native Taiwanese other since the day in 1971 when President welfare of Taiwan than about what happens and two million former mainlanders live in Nixon announced his visit to mainland on the mainLand. Taiwan must be built up peace, and one-third of Premier Chiang's China. The nationalists were kicked out of before a return to the mainland is at­ cabinet members are natives. So today Pre­ the United Nations a few months later, and tempted, officials suggest. "It is a question mier Chiang wande·rs unguarded around the more and more nations began to break off of what comes first," Economics Minister countryside, chatting with farmers he meets relations in favor of Peking. Today, only 27 Sun Yun-suan says. "We have to make the and greeting crowds that applaud him when countries recognize Taipei as the leader of base stronger to accomplish the purpose of he enters the villages. all China. our government." Premier Chiang is still little-known out­ Despite such reverses, Taiwan's history Adds Chien Foo, vice mdnister of foreign side of Taiwan. But that too is changing, for in the past two decades has been a major affairs, "To solidify the base, you have to do the Chiang government is the only obstacle econoinic success story. This island just one­ something to ma.ke the people happy, and as the U.S. moves ever closer to breaking off third larger than the state of Maryland has nothing would make the people more happy diplomatic relations with the Republic of turned from a sleepy agricultural commu­ than to have enough to eat anq enough to China, as Taiwan is formally known, and nity into a booming industrial economy. The wear aind enough money in their pockets. So recognizing the mainland People's Republic gross national product has grown an aver­ that is why the government is devoting much of China. Taiwan is considered on the main­ age of about 9 % a year over the two dec­ of its attention to infrastructure building land to be China's lost province, while Taipei aides, and per-capita annual income of $700 and economic development." still claims to be the legitimate government is one of the highest in Asia. While the rest Indeed, development is dizzying. Taiwan of all China. of the world has suffered inflation in recent is working on a "Ten Projects" program SELF-RELIANCE IS THEME years, policymakers here have actually costing $6 billion that involves highways, Many in the U.S. who oppose recognition brought prices down. l'lailroad electrification, ports, a steel mill, of Peking talk of the folly of "handing over" Trade has continued to grow, with busi­ nuclear power plants, a shipyard and petro­ Taiwan to the Communists, but analysts ness continuing even with 120 countries that chemical plants. When the projects are fin­ here say Taiwan isn't America's to give away. don't recognize Taipei. British and Canadian ished in a few years, says William Wei, Actually, the prevailing attitude on this is­ interests, for instance, recently opened head of the Industrial Development Board, land is that if Taiwan as abandoned by its banks in Taipei although neither country labor-intensive areas such as electronics as .. longtime friend and protector, then Taiwan has an embassy in Taiwan. sembly will be deemphasized. will just go it alone. Foreign investment in Taiwan is about MAN OF MANY CAREERS Instead of Uncle Sam, it wlll be the "jovial $1.2 billion, of which the U.S. share is $450 The driving force behind the development uncle," Premier Chiang, who will lead the million. Despite the prospect of losing for­ projects: Premier Chiang, or "COK" as many way in Taiwan's future if Washington policy­ mal American protection, "no company is English-speaking Chinese refer to him. And makers want it that way, analysts here say. worried and beginning to disinvest," an the projects reflect his wide-ranging in­ And "self-reliance" is the theme of the gov­ American economist says. "Land prices are terests: At various times, he has been a Inil­ ernment's talk to outsiders these days. going up, construction permits are increas­ i tary man, an engineer, a Inineil", and an eco­ "We welcome outside help," Premier ing, and there isn't any capital flight," he noinics chief, among many other jobs. Chiang says, "but even without help we still adds. Premier Ohiang was born in China (his have to do what we think is the right thing Some companies, such as Union Carbide mother was President Chliang's first wife, to do. The basic idea of self-reliance is that Corp. with $100 million planned investment, whom he later divorced), and at the age of we won't be affected by outside influence. are scheduling expenditures that wlll take 15 he went to Russia to study. Journalist We don't feel isolated. In fact, we are con­ years to recoup. James Wei, a friend of the premier for 40 vinced that so long as we are firmly estab­ Mn.ITARY IMBALANCE years, says of the Russian years, "My ob­ lished and self-reliant, no one can isolate us Of course, Red China could conquer the servation is thait as a young man, particu­ from international society." island with its military might-if it wanted larly when at the time there were a lot of Just when the day of reckoning Inight to pay the price and end up with a piece of warlords around at home, probably he come · is anybody's guess. The U.S. still has devastated real estate. The People's Repub­ thought communism was the answer. Then an embassy in Taipe.i and only a "liaison of­ lic has an army of 2.5 Inillion, against Tai­ gradually age and experience came a.long fice" in Peking. But U.S. policy appears set wan's 500,000 total military personnel. In the and proved it wasn't the answer." on a course that will eventually reverse that air, a high U.S. military officer says, "the The young Chiang Ching-kuo tried to leave situation and end the longstanding mutual­ nationalists are far, far superior fighters, Russia after two years, but Joseph Stalin, defense treaty with Taiwan. The treaty, infuriated at Chiang Kai-shek's rabid an­ which can be abrogated by either side on and they'd take a tremendous toll." But he ticommunism, wouldn't let him go. The one year's notice, calls for Washington and adds, "It's still 10-to-one against them in youth eventually enlisted in the Red a.rmy, Taipei to "consult" with each other in the equipment." then went to a top military school and joined case of an armed attack on either nation. As part of Taiwan's program of self-reli­ the Communist Party. But every time he DISCUSSIONS R,ULED OUT ance, says Gen. Kao Kua-yuan, defense Inin­ would advance in position, local Chmese ister, it now is making its own small arms Communists would convince the Russians to Ideally, the U.S. would like to talk the and ammunition and wants to build larger policy matters over with Taipei, but Pre­ slap him down. He worked as a laborer in mier Chiang says emphatically that he weapons. It has a co-production facility with an electric plant, on a collective farm and hasn't any intention of doing such a thing. Northrup Corp. to make F5E fighters and is then in a Siberian gold mine·. "Basically, it The U.S., in any case, would retain eco­ talking with U.S. companies about building was a · process of forced labor," he. says in nomic links with Taiwan and would try to patrol boats. The U.S. no longer supplies an interview · in a sitting room outside his "guarantee" its well-being, perhaps through military aid, although it lends about $80 mil­ office. · a statement about strong U.S. objections to lion a year to Taiwan to purchase equipment · He learned · fluent Russian, and he says any Inilitary take-over attempt. in the U.S.; the loans have been repaid on he can still speak the language although he CXXII-221-Part 3 3486 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 17, 1976 adds wryly, "There isn't much chance on ments a.n aide, who stays on the highway to planning, neighborhood planning, day Taiwan to use it." While he wes working at watch his boss. care, Head Start, outreach services, and a heavy-machinery plant, he fell ill and was In the v1llage of Fu Chou in the middle of many others. nursed by a fellow worker, a.n attractive the island, he takes the time to explain to an Russian girl named Faina. They ma.rried American in fluent, unaccented English who The Glenville Neighborhood Center (today her Ohinese name is Fang-lia.ng) and each person is, what they do and how they stands as a testament to her love for their first child was born in the Soviet Union. have created a small handicraft industry to people. Friends and associates of Mrs. RETURN TO CHINA earn extra money. Tyler call the Neighborhood Center "her Finally, in 1937 when the Chinese Com­ Then the villagers escort him down a baby" and, Mr. Speaker, I can tell you munists and Chiang Ka.1-shek's Kuomintang peaceful road through enormous banana. that she has given "that baby" all the Party joined forces against the Jaipanese, trees to the "Pavillion of Longevity" they love and attention of an eternally Chiang Ching-kuo was allowed to return built as a place to sit quietly at night, drink devoted mother. home. He held various Jobs on the mainland tea and watch the sunset. There, Premier and on Taiwan for his father, and finally be­ Chiang ingests tea., bananas and oranges Recently, when the center was trou­ came premier in 1972. and cha.ts with Chen Yi-hsiung, a farmer bled by vandalism, Mrs. Tyler was known But even then he was No. 2 and recognized and village official whose wife, Hsiu-ching, to rush there in the middle of the night it. "His rigid and very stern father made him stands to the side and frets, "I didn't know to sit in vigil until the building could deal with the old man like any others dealt the premier was coming-and my house again be secured. with him," a friend says. "He took instruc­ isn't clean." Mr. Speaker, aside from the long tions. He couldn't say, 'Daddy, don't do Mr. Chen argues to the premier that too that.'" In a. tender volume of thoughts he much chemical fertilizer is hurting the soil, hours she spends as director of the wrote on each of the 30 days following his and farmers should raise more hogs and use Glenville Neighborhood Center, Mrs. father's death, he recalled that one time their waste as fertilizer. The premier listens Tyler is deeply involved in civic and aca­ after he became premier his father ordered and asks questions. "That's his habit," says demic affairs. Let me take just a moment him to get a. haircut before allowing him to his secretary who Ls watching nearby. "He'll to list but a few of her associations: give a. graduation address to military cadets. just listen, and when he returns to the office, Chairperson of Youth for 0nderstand­ But he has proved to be a forceful leader he'll call the minister of agriculture and talk ing; chairperson of the Alumni Commit­ himself. He has stomped hard on corruption about it." - and eased the repressive tactics of the Tai­ tee, and member at large of the United wan Garrison Command, a military organi­ Negro College Fund; acting vice chair­ zation handling internal security. The com­ person of the Inter-Alumni Council for mand recently banned a political magazine CLEVELAND PAYS TRIBUTE TO Black Colleges; ex-president of Knoxville for a. year because of an article suggesting KATHRYN R. TYLER College Alumni, Cleveland Chapter and negotiations with the mainland government. Regional Director, Knoxville College J.~a­ But unlike the normal procedure of a few tional Alumni Council and Loyalty Club years ago, the editors weren't arrested. of Knoxville College; chairperson of the Premier Chiang's Republic of China re­ HON. LOUIS STOKES Glenville Mental Health Action Corpora­ mains basically a one-party state, with the OF OHIO tion; former chairperson of the Health Kuomintang running the show, but inde­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pendents often contest and win elections. and Welfare Committee and Teamwork Tuesday, February 17, 1976 for Youth Committee of the Glenville INDEPENDENCE ISSUE FADES Area Council; elder of St. Mark's Presby­ Although there are still native Taiwanese Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I rise to­ terian Chuch; International Conference here and a.broad who resent the mainland day to pay tribute to a leading citizen of nationalists• having taken over their island of Social Work; and National Federation Cleveland, Ohio, whose quiet work and of Settlements and Neighborhood Cen­ a quarter-century ago (a Taiwanese took a tireless concern for the well-being of her shot at then-Vice Premier Chaing in 1970 in ters. In addition, she is a very proud life­ New York), many independence backers have neighbors has changed the course of her time member of the Delta Sigma Theta returned to Taiwan from the U.S. and Japan community, and the city, for the better. sorority. and have quietly given up the fight. Mrs. Kathryn Richardson Tyler, the Mrs. Tyler's educational accomplish­ Despite Premier Chiang's increasing visi­ first and only director of the Glenville ments have been nearly as notable as her bility these days, little is known of his per­ Neighborhood Center, has for a quarter career. After graduating from Allen Nor­ sonal life, and he likes it that way. Taiwan of a century provided a haven for the mal School in Thomasville, Ga., she at­ press and television repo!rt only official moves. residents of that community, especially When a foreign reporter attempts to learn tended Knoxville College in Knoxville, such an incidental as the premier's height the youth. Her sympathetic guidance Tenn., where she received a bachelor of (apparently about five-foot-five), only offi­ and enthusiastic personality have aided arts degree. She has a master of arts cial silence follows. His wife is rarely seen in her in the preparation of two genera­ degree from Atlanta University in At­ public. tions of youngsters for the rigors of re­ lanta, Ga. and was awarded a master of The premier doesn't smoke, and he drinks sponsible adulthood. Mr. Speaker, one social work from Case Western Reserve only a little, ma.inly because of his diabetes'. can often hear Cleveland parents boast School of Applied and Social Science in At a. luncheon around New Yea.r's, he was that their child "came up" with Kathryn Cleveland. Mrs. Tyler has done advanced constantly raising a glass of potent Chinese Tyler. wine to visitors and shouting "kampei," the study at the University of Minnesota and Chinese equivalent of "bottoms up," but he There are few people in Cleveland, or Catholic University in Washington, D.C. would then turn to Chow Shu-kai, former for that matter, anywhere, that have at­ Due to her outstanding service to the Ambassador to Washington and say, "My tained the levels of commitment and community Mrs. Tyler has been honored friend Will kampel for me.'' Says Mr. Chow, dedication that Mrs. Tyler so modestly many times. My brother, former Mayor "At one meeting with a. bunch of mayors, embodies. Carl Stokes of Cleveland, declared Sun­ I was his victim every time. I broke the Mrs. Tyler was apPointed the first day, June 15, 1969, as Kathryn Richard­ American ambassador's record of 36 kampeis, director of the Glenville Neighborhood son Tyler Day. The Cleveland Board of but I lost count at 50." Center in 1949, then located in the base­ Education awarded her their 50th An­ In his frequent trips to the countryside, ment of the old Glenville High School. Premier Chiang likes to mingle with the niversary Certificate of Merit. She has crowds, and he dislikes overzealous security Under her able hands, she molded the also received the Associated Organization guards. On one such trip, the car carrying center and expanded its services so that of Cleveland Honorary Certificate for the guards is relegated to the end of the pro­ today it is housed in a $400,000 edifice at Outstanding Social Work Leadership in cession, falls far behind the premier's Chev­ 900 East 105th Street. The purpose of the Community. The Music School Set­ rolet Suburban van and gets lost in traffic. the center is to provide comprehensive tlement lists her a.s their Distinguished FOLLOWING IMPULSE social services to the residents of the Coordinator and she is a recipient of the Although he is behind schedule on an­ Glenville area. Young and old alike are Selected Community Leaders of America other trip, he halts his caravan impulsively welcome. Services include progranis for Award and the United Negro College to inspect a mushroom farm and slogs unwed parents, predelinquent youth, Fund Sp.ecial Award. through red mud to reach it. "We never senior citizens, employment counseling Mr. Speaker, a testimonial dinner in know where he's going to want to go," la- and job placement, day camp, family honor of Kathryn Tyler will be held in February 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3487 Cleveland on Friday, April 2, 1976, at the Borough of the Bronx, the Highbridge Basing its advice on the reports of an Bond Court Hotel. Friends, associates, Nursery School; and the State Depart­ American agent who was a native of and family, including her husband, Prof. ment of Parks and Recreation to hel!p Canada, the committee emphasized that Alfred Tyler of Tennessee State Uni­ create a Roberto Clemente Park. it was crucial to gain the confidence of versity, will join in paying tribute to this But direct contributions are only the the gentry and clergy, in order to win exemplary woman. beginning. The station has sponsored a Canada over to the side of the Colonies. Kathryn Tyler saw a job to be done in series of "Reach Out" events, designed her community and she rolled up her to open a dialog between the manage­ sleeves and did it. As a black woman fa­ ment of the station and the communi­ miliar with the ofttimes overwhelming ties it serves, in an effort to learn the social problems in the urban environ­ needs, proiblems and interests of the TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO TODAY ment, she marched out ahead to defeat people who live in the tri-State area. poverty and hopelessness. She began with They have an ongoing series of "Reach the children, providing them with a Out" public service announcements, HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS sound basis for continued emotional and "commercials," produced ·at CBS ex­ intellectual growth and went on ahead pense, that enable community organiza­ OF CALIFORNIA to the adults to give them a source of tions that do no.t have their own re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reassurance in their daily lives and to sources to have the exposure they need Tuesday, February 17, 1976 ease the weighty burden of their frus­ to g·ain support. trations. Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years The station also has a oomplimentary ago, on February 16, 1776, the Continen­ Kathryn Richardson Tyler, Mr. ticket contribution program that enables Speaker, has touched each and everyone those who otherwise would not have ac­ tal Congress resolved itself into a Com­ of us with her grace. Words can do little cess to New York's wealth of cultural, mittee of the Whole to consider the ad­ to express the respect and gratitude that sport, and entertainment events, to par­ visability of opening the ports which had we feel for this great woman in our city. ticipate in this vital part of the city's been closed by the British, and the re­ The greatness of this country is built life. Some of the groups who have re­ strictions and regulations which should upon the Kathryn Tylers of this world. ceived tickets include: The Opportunities be applied to foreign trade if the ports I ask you, Mr. Speaker, and my col­ Industrialization Center; the Puerto were opened. Considerable controversy leagues in the U.S. House of Representa­ Rican Dance Theatre; the Chinatown surrounded these discussions, which con­ tives to join me in applauding this out­ Planning Council; Newark Renaissance tinued from time to time through April, House; the N.J. Division of Youth and standing human being. Together, we will because, as John Adams noted in his wish her our sincere best wishes for Family Services; and the National many more yea.rs of service to her com­ Puerto Rican Forum. autobiography, opening the ports would munity. The Community Affairs Department at be "considered as a bold step to inde­ WCBS-TV has brought joy and pleasure pendence. Indeed, I urged it expressly into the bleak existences of many New with that view, and as connected with Yorkers. I know, on a most personal the institution of government in all the WCBS-TV: TAKING THE IDEA OF basis, what their help has meant to the COMMUNITY SERVICE SERIOUSLY States, and a declaration of national in­ people I serve in the 21st Congressional dependence." The Colonies, however, District. It helps to have people like Thomas F. Leahy, the vice president and were still hesitant to declare their inde­ HON. HERMAN BADILLO general manager of the sfation, Ms. pendence. OF NEW YORK Thomas, and Fred L. Noreiga, Jr., the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES manager of community services, rurining Tuesday, February 17, 1976 these programs. But their support would Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker. 'Ilhese be meaningless without the backup of TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO TODAY days it is fashionable to proclaim the the station itself. My constituents-and media among the villains in our lives. indeed all New Yorkers----can be grateful We often hear about managed news, for the true spirit of public service at HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS and leaks, and on a more' personal WCBS--TV. basis, we find ourselves complaining OF CALIFORNIA when we're quoted incorrectly, or, more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of ten, when we're not quoted enough. Tuesday, February 17, 1976 And so it gives me particular pleasure to introduce some words of· simple grati­ TWO-HUNDRED YEARS AGO TODAY Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years tude and thanks to WCBS-TV, the CBS ago on February 13, 1776, the Continen­ network outlet in New York, and its tal Congress taibled a committee draft community affairs department. HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS designed to persuade the American WCBS-TV has taken its mandate to OF CALIFORNIA people of the need for independence. be involved in the life of its community IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Prepared by James Wilson, the draft quite seriously-and it is, as you know, a Tuesday, February 17, 1976 stated the principle aim of the Colonies complex and varied community ·that the Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years to be the reestablishment and security station serves. Yet, every sector of the of their constitutional rights, and urged public has benefited from the station's ago, on February 14, 1776, the Commit­ tee of Secret Correspondence of the the ·adoption of every measure necessary genuine desire to reach out and touch to obtain that end. the lives of New Yorkers. Under the cre­ Continental Congress advised that a delegation be sent to Canada: If any such Measure should, against our ative and committed directorship of principal Intention, draw the Colonies into Glori-a Thomas, the station began, in To explain viva voce to the People there the Nature of our Dispute with England, Engagements that may suspend or dissolve 1973, a community contribution program. which they do not well understand, and to their Union with their fellow-Subjects in Some of the broad range of organiza­ satisfy the Gentry and Clergy that we have Great Britain, we shall lament the Effect; tions who have benefited from the pro­ no Intention against their Interests, but but shall hold ourselves justified. in adopting gram include: The Westchester Day care mean to put Canada in full Possession of the Measure. That the Colonies may c-ontinue Council; Project Return; the Harlem Liberty, desiring only their Friendship and connected, as they have been with Britain, Hospital Center Community Board; the Union with us as good Neighbours and is our second Wish: Our first is-That Amer­ Catholic Big Sisters; and, in my own Brethren. tca May be Flree.