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The POPULATION HOLY CROSS PARISH in WARSAW 18TH CENTURY

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The POPULATION HOLY CROSS PARISH in WARSAW 18TH CENTURY THE POPULATION OF THE HOLY CROSS PARISH IN WARSAW IN THE 18TH CENTURY 14 Cezary Kuklo THE POPULATION OF THE HOLY CROSS PARISH IN WARSAW TH IN THE 18 CENTURY BIAŁYSTOK 2016 Series: DISSERTATIONES, vol. 14 Centre for the Study of Demographic and Economics Structures in Preindustrial Central and Eastern Europe Volume V Reviewers Prof. dr hab. Krzysztof A. Makowski, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan Prof. dr hab. Jacek Wijaczka, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Volume editors Wojciech Walczak General editors Karol Łopatecki, Wojciech Walczak Translated by Stefan Kubiak On the cover B. Bellotto, A View of Warsaw from the terrace of the Royal Castle, 1773 (fragment). National Museum in Warsaw Book co-founded by the Minister of Science and Higher Education (Agreement No 698/P-DUN/2015) Ministry of Science and Higher Education Republic of Poland ISBN 978-83-64103-06-3 © Copyright by Cezary Kuklo and Institute for Research of European Cultural Heritage Białystok 2016 Publisher Typesetting and text makeup Janusz Świnarski Printing: TOTEM s.c. To the Memory of Andrzej Wyczański Contents List of tables 9 List of figures 11 List of illustrations 13 Introduction 15 Sources 19 Literature 20 Chapter 1. The value of parish registers and research methodology 29 1. Continuity of preservation, external description and elements of content 29 2. The completeness of registers 33 3. Methodology 41 Chapter 2. Warsaw in the 18th century 49 1. Warsaw on the map of Poland and Central Europe 49 2. The territorial development of the Holy Cross parish by the end of the 18th century 61 3. The parish community 69 4. Demographic structures 78 4.1. Population by sex, age and marital status 78 4.2. Household: structure and size 85 4.3. The place of old people 91 Chapter 3. Nuptiality 95 1. Changes in annual numbers of marriages 95 2. Marriages in the years of natural disasters 102 3. Seasonality of marriages 109 4. Parish compulsion Mixed marriages Residence before the marriage 114 4.1. Parish compulsion 114 4.2. Mixed marriages 117 4.3. Residence before the marriage 118 5. Age of the newlyweds 121 6. Marital status of the newlyweds 125 7. Duration of marriages and widowhood 128 Chapter 4. Births 139 1. Changes in annual numbers 139 2. Births during natural disasters 151 3. Seasonality 157 4. The size of the reconstructed families 161 5. Illegitimate births and foundlings 169 8 The Population of the Holy Cross Parish in Warsaw in the 18th Century Chapter 5. Fertility 185 1. Fertility by marriage age 187 2. Fertility and the duration of marriage 191 3. Premarital conceptions and the protogenetic interval 195 4. Intergenetic intervals 201 5. Did Varsovians practice limitation of births? 206 Chapter 6. Mortality 217 1. Changes in the annual numbers of burials 217 2. Seasonality 229 2.1. Seasonality of deceases during plagues and epidemics 234 3. Mortality of infants and children 236 4. Adult mortality 241 5. Causes of deceases 245 Conclusions 249 Bibliography 255 Name index 277 Place index 283 List of tables Table 1 1. Numbers of marriages, baptisms and burials 35 Table 1 2. Sex structure of baptized infants 38 Table 1 3. Numbers of marriages, baptisms and burials in Warsaw parishes in the late 18th century 40 Table 1 4. Methods and techniques applied in the work 45 Table 1 5. Division of reconstructed families according to their types 46 Table 2 1. Population of Warsaw in the 16th–18th century 50 Table 2 2. Warsaw versus the biggest cities of the Commonwealth around 1790 53 Table 2 3. Warsaw Merchant in 1792 54 Table 2 4. Craft structure in Warsaw, Cracow and Poznan in the late 18th century (%) 55 Table 2 5. The biggest cities in Central-Eastern Europe in the 18th century 57 Table 2 6. Structure of population by sex and age in 1791 81 Table 2 7. Structure of population by marital status in 1791 (%) 84 Table 2 8. Structure of households in 1791 86 Table 2 9. Households by size in Cracow and Warsaw in 1791 90 Table 2 10. Average size of households by sex, age and socio-occupational status of the household head in Cracow and Warsaw in 1791 90 Table 2 11. Family status of old people (60+) in Polish towns in 1791 (%) 92 Table 3 1. Marriages by months 97 Table 3 2. Seasonality of marriages, monthly indices 111 Table 3 3. Marriages by the days of the week in months in the years 1740–1784 113 Table 3 4. Place of residence of men married in the years 1785–1799 (%) 119 Table 3 5. Age of newlyweds by marital status 122 Table 3 6. Age structure of newlyweds by marital status (%) 123 Table 3 7. Newlyweds by marital status (%) 126 Table 3 8. Marriage durability 129 Table 3 9. Remarriages by the number of orphaned children in the years 1740–1769 130 Table 3 10. Remarriages by the number of orphaned children in the years 1769–1799 132 Table 3 11. Widowhood duration between successive marriages in the years 1740–1769 135 Table 3 12. Widowhood duration between successive marriages in the years 1770–1799 135 Table 4 1. Interval between the birth and the baptism of legitimate children (%) 142 Table 4 2. Baptisms by months 144 Table 4 3. Change dynamics of average 10-year numbers of marriages and baptism 151 Table 4 4. Seasonality of marital births, monthly indices 157 Table 4 5. Number of children in closed families by the woman’s age of marriage in the years 1740–1769 (family types MF 1 and MF 2) 162 Table 4 6. Number of children in closed families by the woman’s age of marriage in the years 1770–1799 (family types MF 1 and MF 2) 163 Table 4 7. Number of children in complete families by the woman’s age of marriage in the years 1740–1769 (family types MF 1 and MF 2) 165 Table 4 8. Number of children in complete families by the woman’s age of marriage in the years 1770–1799 (family types MF 1 and MF 2) 166 Table 4 9. Illegitimate births and foundlings 172 Table 4 10. Illegitimate births and foundlings in the BVM parish in Cracow 173 Table 4 11. Foundlings admitted to the Infant Jesus Hospital in Warsaw 176 Table 4 12. Seasonality of illegitimate and marital births in Warsaw and Cracow 179 Table 5 1. Marital fertility by the woman’s age of marriage in the years 1740–1799 (family types MF 1 and MF 2) 189 Table 5 2. Marital fertility in selected towns of Europe and the Hutterites 191 Table 5 3. Marital fertility by marriage duration in the years 1740–1799 (family types MF 1 and MF 2) 192 Table 5 4. Number of children by the woman’s age of marriage and marriage duration in the years 1740–1799 (family types MF 1 and MF 2) 193 Table 5 5. Premarital cenceptions and protogenetic interval 196 Table 5 6. Premarital conceptions (%) 196 Table 5 7. Premarital conceptions by the woman’s age of marriage (%) 197 Table 5 8. First three intervals in families with 3 and more children 201 Table 5 9. Intergenetic intervals in families with 6 and more children 203 Table 5 10. Intergenetic intervals in families with 6 and more children in European towns 203 Table 5 11. Intergenetic intervals by fate of the previous child in the years 1740–1769 204 Table 5 12. Intergenetic intervals by fate of the previous child in the years 1770–1799 205 Table 5 13. Coal-Trussel’s fertility indices for the reconstructed families 209 Table 6 1. Burials by months 223 Table 6 2. Seasonality of deceases 230 Table 6 3. Seasonality of deceases by age in the years 1760–1799 233 Table 6 4. Structure of deceases by age in the years 1760–1801 (%) 237 Table 6 5. Infant mortality 239 Table 6 6. Mortality of children by social groups in Rouen and Geneva in the 18th century (in 1000 births) 240 Table 6 7. Structure of deceases by sex and age (%) 243 Table 6 8. People who died unmarried at 50+ in the years 1780–1789 245 Table 6 9. Structure of deceases by diseases of Christian population at the beginning of the 19th century (%) 247 Table 6 10. Structure of deceases by diseases of Jewish population at the beginning of the 19th century (%) 247 List of figures Figure 1 1. Sex structure of baptized infants 38 Figure 2 1. Population by sex and age in 1791 81 Figure 3 1. Annual numbers of marriages and 9-year moving average 100 Figure 3 2. Monthly changes of the number of marriages and funerals during the plague in the years 1708, 1710 and 1714 103 Figure 3 3. Annual numbers of marriages and welfare ratio of an unqualified laborer in Warsaw 108 Figure 3 4. Seasonality of marriages, monthly indices 109 Figure 3 5. Seasonality of marriages in selected European towns, monthly indices 111 Figure 4 1. Annual numbers of baptism and the 9-year moving average 149 Figure 4 2. Marriages, conceptions and burials during the plague in the years 1708–1712 153 Figure 4 3. Marriages, conceptions and burials in the years of demographic crises 154 Figure 4 4. Seasonality of marital births and conceptions, monthly indices 158 Figure 4 5. Seasonality of conceptions in the country and in towns of the Commonwealth, monthly indices 159 Figure 4 6. Seasonality of conceptions in Europe, monthly indices 160 Figure 4 7.
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