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A Case Study of Norwegian Church Aid (NCA)

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A Case Study of Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) Unblocking Results: A case study of Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) Accountability in Tanzania Programme Unblocking Results: A case study of Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) Francis Omondi | May 2014 i Unblocking Results: A case study of Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) ii Unblocking Results: A case study of Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) Acknowledgements A number of people contributed to the success of this research. The valuable technical support from the AcT team (Kate Dyer, Rehema Tukai and Amani Manyelezi) at the initial and subsequent stages of the process contributed towards shaping the outcome of this report. Despite their busy schedule NCA staff members under the leadership of Trine Hveem are acknowledged for participating in the preliminary discussions that helped focus the study. More specifically we thank Augustina Mosha, Francis Uhadi and Sarah Shija. Sincere appreciation goes towards CCT General Secretary Rev Dr L Mtaita for his warm reception and leadership. The services offered by Glory Baltazary in facilitating the field exercise and Simon Meigaro for providing relevant literature from CCT are well noted. We would also like to thank the PETS and VICOBA members that participated in the study from Kilosa and Bahi Districts. Their valuable insights in the form of their responses to the study issues are well appreciated. Government officials including Ward Executive Officers, Village Executive Officers as well as Councillors and Village Chairpersons in the wards and villages also deserve mention. Julia Tobias edited the draft report. The financial support from UK Department for International Development that facilitated this study is well appreciated. The author takes responsibility for any errors and omissions that may occur in this report. i Unblocking Results: A case study of Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... i Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. iii Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Background on NCA ................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Background on AcT ..................................................................................................... 5 2. The Political Context .......................................................................................................... 6 2.1 The Political landscape and role of FBOs in governance ............................................. 6 2.2 Governance Constraints ............................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Policy and institutional incoherence ..................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Poor top down and bottom up accountability mechanism .................................... 8 2.2.3 Potential for local problem solving through collective action ................................ 9 3 Intervention Design ............................................................................................................ 10 3.1 Theory of change and Activities .................................................................................. 10 3.2 How the engagement worked ...................................................................................... 11 3.2.1 Building and sustaining case for revenue loss and capital flight ............................ 11 3.2.2 Policy dialogues to strengthen top-down and bottom up accountability mechanisms ................................................................................... 13 3.2.3 Creating platforms for local collective problem solving ........................................ 13 3.3 The implementation approach and enabling factors .................................................... 14 4. Challenges ........................................................................................................................... 17 5. Lessons learned and Conclusions ........................................................................................ 18 Works Cited ............................................................................................................................... 19 Annex 1: Features of AcT’s model .............................................................................................. 20 Annex 2: Unblocking results methodology ................................................................................. 21 Table 1: Identified blockages in NCA intervention framework .................................................. 7 Table 2: Enabling factors that supported NCA’s interventions ................................................... 15 Box 1: Overview of CCT ........................................................................................................... 11 Box 2: President’s Commitment to realising Child Rights ......................................................... 12 Picture 1: New village office, Zombo village Kilosa ................................................................... 16 ii Unblocking Results: A case study of Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) Abbreviations AcT : Accountability in Tanzania Programme BAKWATA : Baraza Kuu la Waislamu Tanzania CAG : Controller and Auditor General CCM : Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Ruling Party) CCT : Christian Council of Tanzania CRC : Constitution Review Commission CSOs : Civil Society Organisations DFID : Department for International Development ELCT : Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania FBOs : Faith Based Organisation GNRC : Global Network for Religion and Children IRCPT : Inter Religious Council for Peace Tanzania MSTCDC : Danish Training Centre for Development Cooperation NCA : Norwegian Church Aid ODI : Overseas Development Institute PCCA : Prevention and Combating of Corruption Act PCCB : Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau PETS : Public Expenditure Tracking System TEC : Tanzania Episcopal Conference TRA : Tanzania Revenue Authority UK : United Kingdom URT : United Republic of Tanzania VEO : Village Executive Officer VICOBA : Village Community Bank WEO : Ward Executive Officer 1 Unblocking Results: A case study of Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) Executive Summary This study is part of the AcT Learning Strategy engagement in demanding accountability has papers aimed at sharing experiences on how been the nexus of NCA’s work. This forms the the Norwegian Church Aid (NCA), a partner centre of the organization’s theory of change organisation with Accountability Programme which seeks to build the capacity of FBOs, in Tanzania (AcT) has navigated through the religious leaders and citizens to demand for governance constraints advanced by the Overseas accountability. AcT seeks to contribute to the Development Institute (ODI) Unblocking achievement of the Millennium Development Results series. The first paper in this series Goals (MDGs) by ensuring that Tanzanians are involved a case study with Hakikazi Catalyst, increasingly able to claim and exercise their rights another AcT partner organisation. The study as citizens. AcT operates through the provision also contributes to a shared learning objective of funding to Civil Society Organisations between ODI and AcT under which the two (CSOs) that have the capacity and potential organisations seek to show case how aid can to innovate, scale-up and implement activities be programmed to improve service delivery by which increase the accountability of government addressing governance constraints. Through the around key national development priorities. In Unblocking results series ODI and AcT have addition to funding AcT also provides a window also jointly conducted two sister case studies with for capacity building, mentoring, technical Tandabui Health Access Tanzania (THAT) and advisory support to CSOs and learning as well HelpAge International in Tanzania. as research. The research project seeks to gather evidence on Findings indicate that NCA and its FBO partners whether, and how well, aid can help to resolve or embarked on a national level advocacy efforts to mitigate governance problems that often hinder curb revenue loss and capital flight as a result the delivery of broad-based public services in of tax evasion and tax incentives. Through the developing countries. This case study is based Interfaith Standing Committee on Economic on a desk review of relevant literature combined Justice and the Integrity of Creation, which is with a five-day (10-15 March 2014) period of comprised of religious leaders from Tanzania fieldwork involving interviews in Kilosa and Episcopal Conference (TEC), National Bahi districts. Persons involved in the study Muslim Council of Tanzania (BAKWATA) included government officials (Ward Executive and Christian Council of Tanzania (CCT) two Officers, Village Executive Officers), village major studies were commissioned by December chairpersons, area councillors and members of 2012. The first study titled ‘The One Billion Public Expenditure Tracking System (PETS) Dollar Question: How can Tanzania stop losing committees. An interview with Christian so much tax revenue?’ was launched just in time Council of Tanzania (CCT) General Secretary
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